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Utah finalizes college sportsβ first single-school private equity deal, sets up new commercial entity
AD Mark Harlan said he was βvery comfortableβ with the governance structure and steps the Utes have taken to protect themselves financially.
A blind Ukrainian veteran turns pottery into a business and mentors others
One is a veteran who lost his sight in combat and now teaches other blind veterans. The instructor, Ivan Shostak, 37, said he has made more than 1,000 such pieces but has never seen a single one. Th...
Forward Deployed Engineering: Delivering Business Outcomes with AI
Databricks is launching Forward Deployed Engineering: engineers embedded with our customers, with the single mission of delivering business outcomes from data and AI.
The Health and Wellbeing of Formerly Incarcerated People in Connecticut: Insights from the DataHaven Community Wellbeing Survey
By Carter Shannon, Nat Markey, Nora Hodgson, Samantha Lydell, Andrew Carr, and Mark Abraham, DataHaven About this Report Approximately 1 in 5 men aged 18β64 in Connecticut have experienced incarceration at some point in their lives. This population includes people who have been held in a local jail for a single night and those who have served lengthy prison sentences, and it cuts across race, age, geography, and socioeconomic background in ways that reflect broader structural inequities in the criminal legal system. Yet across nearly every indicator of wellbeing, formerly incarcerated people in Connecticut face significant disparities compared to those without an incarceration history. This report explores data on the experiences of formerly incarcerated men in Connecticut from the DataHaven Community Wellbeing Survey (DCWS). The DCWS illuminates significant gaps in economic wellbeing, physical health, mental health, and social support between men with and without incarceration histories in Connecticut. The survey also reveals worse self-reported outcomes for formerly incarcerated people across a range of quality-of-life indicators, with disparities that are often most severe among those who have been incarcerated more than once. These disparities do not arise by chance. They are shaped by a policy landscape that erects lasting barriers to housing, employment, and healthcare for people leaving incarceration, as well as by the physical and psychological toll of incarceration itself. This report is being written in the political context of federal funding cuts to social programs and proposed rollbacks to Medicaid eligibility, changes that will disproportionately impact people with incarceration histories, who are more likely to rely on public health coverage and other safety net supports.
Scientists Found That Bacteria Can Remember Stress Even Though They Have No Brains
Single cells used past nutrient shocks to change how they grew.
Dingler dingers drive Detroiters over the Twins
Dillon Dingler had four hits, including two home runs, in the rout.
Scientists mapped every neural connection in a fruit fly and found a surprise
A groundbreaking new connectome maps every neural connection in an adult fruit flyβs central nervous system, creating an unprecedented view of how the brain and body work together. The findings suggest that complex behaviors emerge from distributed local circuits rather than a single central controller, offering new clues about intelligence, movement, and brain function.
Micah Parsons' Caleb Williams prediction should worry Packers fans
Micah Parsons singled out Caleb Williams when asked who could become the NFL's best player, adding more momentum to the Bears quarterback's rise.
The Next Generation: Gabriele Mini
In 2026, Motorsport will introduce you to the most promising youngsters on the single-seater scene. First up is Alpine junior Gabriele Mini, who leads the Formula 2 championship with MP Motorsport. We met him on Thursday in Monaco
Apple Brings AI Tab Organization and AI-Generated Extensions to Safari
Apple today unveiled a raft of Safari upgrades powered by Apple Intelligence, including automatic tab organization, AI-generated custom extensions, and new privacy-first browsing tools. The centerpiece feature is automatic tab organization, which uses Apple Intelligence to group a user's open tabs into relevant topics without any manual intervention. If someone is planning a weekend trip, for example, Safari can pull all of their travel-related tabs into a single topic.
What It Takes To Be A Top Tier Entertainment Lawyer in 2026
Share Iβve recently run several popular posts breaking down data related to sought after legal jobs. General Counsel Big Law Appellate Attorney Here is another in this series. Two Lawyers, One Elite Market Entertainment law can sound like a single professional category. In practice, the lawyers who reach the top of the Hollywood market often look quite different from one another. Consider two attorneys from the 2025 top-entertainment-law universe. Lesley Freeman represents one route: the company-side entertainment lawyer. She is chief legal officer of AGBO, where she oversees company-wide business and legal affairs across film, television, video game and interactive experiences, and technological innovation, after senior legal roles at MGM, Amazon MGM Studios, HBO, and OβMelveny. Daniel Petrocelli represents another route: the outside-counsel trial lawyer. He is chair of OβMelvenyβs trial practice and a vice chair of the firm, with a national litigation practice that includes entertainment, sports, and media disputes. Their careers differ by platform, role, practice area, and professional identity. One sits inside an entertainment company; the other practices from a major law firm. One is associated with corporate and governance work; the other with litigation. Yet both fall within the same publicly recognized top tier of Hollywood lawyers. That contrast points to the articleβs central question. If there is no single mold for a top entertainment lawyer, are the paths simply idiosyncratic, or do they follow recurring patterns? The data suggest the latter. The attorneys recognized on The Hollywood Reporter and Varietyβs 2025 top-attorney lists do not follow one career template, but their paths are not random. They cluster around several defined routes: entertainment-focused private practice, company-side or operator experience, corporate and finance conversion, litigation conversion, public-service-to-litigation pathways, and smaller specialized lanes in labor, employment, and celebrity family law. Across those routes, the recurring ingredients are platform strength, educational capital or Los Angeles market proximity, long career tenure, specialized practice identity, and entertainment-industry fluency. The article examines five dimensions of the top-attorney sample: route into entertainment law, firm or organizational platform, education pipeline, seniority, and practice specialization. Data and Methodology The dataset includes 103 attorneys drawn from The Hollywood Reporter and Varietyβs 2025 lists of top entertainment or Hollywood attorneys. For each attorney, the dataset tracks current organization, law school, J.D. year where available, first-known bar admission year, practice area, prior roles, platform type, and route into entertainment law. The sample is best understood as a recognized-attorney dataset, not a census of all entertainment lawyers. It captures lawyers who reached public top-tier recognition in 2025, rather than every lawyer practicing in the entertainment sector. Multiple but Defined Routes Into Entertainment Law The first question is how these lawyers entered the entertainment-law market. Because every attorney in the dataset is entertainment-related by definition, the key distinction is not whether they practice entertainment law. It is how they got there. The largest group followed what might be called the entertainment private-practice route. These attorneys appear to have built their practices around entertainment, media, talent, music, rights, production, intellectual property, or adjacent industry work relatively early. That route accounts for 40 of the 103 attorneys in the sample, or 38.8%.
Best things at Costco for one person, from longtime executive member
I'm an executive member at Costco, even though I live alone. The store's frozen foods and wine selection are great for a single shopper like myself.
Anonymous racial attack decried in SC GOP governor's race where 1 candidate is singled out
As South Carolina's Republican primary for governor enters its final stretch, Rom Reddy alleges attacks on his Indian heritage, prompting public condemnations from Pamela Evette and Alan Wilson.
Giants Put Together 10th-Inning Rally, Edge Cubs 2-1
San Francisco Giants bookmark single runs in the first and 10th inning as they beat Chicago Cubs.
Inside Intel's AI chip factory where humans are the greatest threat
I visited Intel's massive chip factory in Oregon, where robots outnumber people and a single human hair or skin particle can cause costly damage.
How 617 Day became Cambridgeβs small business holiday
It was a bright summer day when business owners, local leaders and community members filed into Harvard Squareβs dimly lit and aesthetically retro Comedy Studio. As people mingled, sipping coffee and feasting on a full service breakfast, they eagerly awaited a day of learning and networking. What they didnβt anticipate was a day defined by [β¦]
Toxic pollutant from car tires reaching San Francisco Bay, scientists say
A scientific research group here in the Bay Area is generating new evidence about another type of pollution caused not just by cars, but by their tires. It's a chemical known as 6PPD-Q, which is so toxic to some species of fish that it's believed that a single drop in a swimming pool could be fatal.
Hilda S Renteria
Scope of work: Renteria oversees the firm's audits and attestation engagements, focusing on governmental and nonprofit sectors. She is responsible for completing financial and single audits, implementing new financial reporting standards and driving the firm's audit services growth.Biggest professional win: In 2023, she was featured in Illinois CPA Society's Insight Magazine for her role in expanding the firm's audit practice, surpassing growth targets and introducing new technologies.Other contributions: Renteria co-founded the Prado & Renteria Foundation in 2014 to support Indigenous communities and first-generation college students. She serves on the Illinois CPA Society Government Report Review Committee and is a member of the American Institute of CPAs.
Rafael Nadal says he βalmost neverβ plays tennis after retirement
Rafael Nadal has revealed that he βalmost neverβ plays tennis since retiring, speaking as Netflix releases its four-part docuseries βRafaβ. The 40-year-old called time on his career in 2024 after 23 years on tour, having won 22 Grand Slam singles titles and a record 14 French Open crowns.
Dodgers' Tyler Gough: Shining so far at Single-A
Dodgers' Tyler Gough: Shining so far at Single-A
Multiple sources, joint analysis: pooling public health data for stronger public health intelligence across the Western Pacific
WHO Western Pacific countries and areas endorse a new policy brief on multi-source surveillance. A new World Health Organization (WHO) policy brief outlines a transformative approach to public health intelligence that connects data across a range of systems, sectors and disciplines. By creating a single, actionable picture of health threats based on multiple sources, such an approach aims to fill critical data gaps and aid countries in decision-making. WHO Member States across the Western Pacific endorsed the policy brief, Multi-source Surveillance to Support Public Health Action and Decision-making, at the WHO-led Asia Pacific Health Security Action Framework (APSHAF) Stakeholders Meeting held on 11 June 2026 in Malaysia.
Crossfire Is a Single Player PS5 Shooter with Soul from Ex-Naughty Dog Devs
Friends close, enemies closer
PENN Entertainment Bets On New Aurora Casino And Valuation Gap
PENN Entertainment (NasdaqGS:PENN) is opening the new US$360 million Hollywood Casino Aurora as its latest land-based flagship in Illinois. The long-running Hollywood Casino riverboat in Aurora is set to close after more than 30 years of operation as activity shifts to the new property. The new complex combines gaming, hotel rooms, dining, and entertainment offerings in a single, purpose-built facility. The move reflects PENN Entertainment's push to grow its brick and mortar footprint...
Phoebe Bridgers announces no-phone tour, concerts at Intuit Dome
Phoebe Bridgers will set out on the international Lost Tour in September, with two dates over Halloween weekend at Inglewood's Intuit Dome.
Blood Message βHold Till Dawnβ story trailer
Publisher NetEase Games and developer 24 Entertainment Linβan have released a three-minute story trailer for cinematic, single-player, linear story-driven action adventure game Blood Message,β¦
Fumito Ueda, legendary developer behind Shadow of the Colossus and Ico, announces single-player epic Gen Atlas for Xbox, PlayStation, and PC
"We hope to share an experience that inspires moments of quiet wonder and discovery.β
From Hometown Puzzles To Global Entertainment Empire
In 2017, father-and-son team Jeffrey and Blake Stone were proudly showing off their very first business venture in Brandon, a single escape room facility hand-b
A Brit, a billionaire and Spencer Pratt: Californiaβs primary upsets
Jonathan Freedland speaks to the Guardianβs Sam Levin about the big takeaways from the single busiest primary day of the year so far
Cubs CF Pete Crow-Armstrong loses ball in lights to gift A's inside-the-park HR, then finds redemption with walk-off
The Cubs standout posted a rare defensive gaffe, a homer and a walk-off single.
Emergency physicians lead the league in burnoutβbut when they quit, itβs for another reason
Among all medical specialties, emergency medicine is the single most likely to burn out its practitioners.
Dodgers on Deck: Friday, June 5 vs. Angels
The Dodgers are back home ever so briefly, with a single-series homestand this weekend against the Angels at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles. Back in Anaheim from May 15-17, the Dodgers had their way with the Angels in a three-game sweep, outscoring the Halos 31-3. The Angels come to Los Angeles having lost 29 of [β¦]
Avista agrees to framework to provide single business with power equal to half of all Spokane County customers
Avista Corp. has entered into a memorandum of understanding with one "large load" customer that is seeking to use an amount of electricity that would be equal to more than half the combined power used by all residential and business customers in Spokane County.
REV launches new communications platform for businesses
REV Fiber for Business has launched a cloud-based communications platform designed to help employees collaborate and stay connected with customers through a single mobile and desktop application. βAs workplace communication needs evolve from traditional offices to hybrid and remote environments, our business customers need platforms that remove friction,β Tressy Leindecker, REVβs executive vice president of [β¦]
Sean McVay breaks his silence on Aaron Donald returning
The Los Angeles Rams made a blockbuster trade with the Cleveland Browns to acquire the reigning Defensive Player of the Year in the NFL, Myles Garrett, who is coming off an NFL record-setting 23-sack season. Since acquiring the NFLβs single-season sack record holder, there has been more and more buzz surrounding a potential return ofβ¦
May's top PlayStation games by copies sold
Yesterdayβs State of Play gave us an idea of where PlayStationβs heading next. But weβve had our May estimates for a couple of days now (we always update our data daily for clients), so itβs time to look at what performed best on PlayStation last month. Weβve got a new IP at the top, two evergreens doing their evergreen thing, FC26 smashing it ahead of the World Cup Plus pivot, and a quiet but promising result for Lego Batman. Letβs have a look at the state of Playβ¦Stationβs top games for May. 007 takes #001 007 First Light sold 1M copies on PS5 in May, easily making it the monthβs top PS5 game by copies sold. Over 80% of those May copies were digital, which is broadly in line with where PlayStationβs digital share has settled for new releases this year. To date, 007 First Light has sold through 2.2M copies across platforms (so no unsold retail copies in that figure). The platform split is 55.1% PS5, 33.1% Steam, and 11.8% Xbox (console, Windows, and cloud combined). In gross revenue terms, 007 First Light has generated $150M. Owing to regional pricing and audience composition differences, the consoles make up a higher share of revenue than they do copies. Of the $150M, 60.5% came via PlayStation, 27.6% via Steam, and 12.9% via Xbox. Part of this is because over two-thirds of 007 First Lightβs PlayStation audience is in North America (43.4%) or Western Europe (23.2%), where local currency means the game generates more revenue per player. On Steam, under half of First Lightβs audience is from those same regions (31.8% North America, 15.1% Western Europe). As we covered in last weekβs 007 Steam piece, the Steam version is pulling in higher-than-expected numbers in China, which now accounts for 17.3% of First Lightβs Steam audience. 007 is the equivalent of $44 USD in China, which is roughly 37% cheaper than the US price and about 44% cheaper than Western Europe. Subscribe for free to get the most accurate games estimates in your inbox twice a week π«Ά Subscribe The crossover data backs up what weβve seen all year about launch-window cohorts. 11% of PS5 players who played 007 First Light in May also played Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight, which launched just a few days before. Last month was a great month for Denmark! IO Interactive is Copenhagen-based, and Lego Group is headquartered in Billund (TT Games is UK-based but produces work under Lego Group licence and direction). Speaking of whichβ¦ A very blocky #2 and #3 Minecraft sold another 788K copies on PlayStation consoles last month. Business as usual, since Minecraft hasnβt sold fewer than 760K copies in a single month all year. With over 350M copies sold across all platforms, Minecraft is the best-selling game in history and one of the strongest brands in the world. Every month, a new cohort of children reaches Minecraft age, which guarantees a constant volume of new sales regardless of what the broader market is up to. The demographic refresh rate is truly impressive, with the audience renewing itself faster than itβs churning. Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight shifted 757K copies on PS5 last month, bringing its lifetime total on the platform to over 800K. Across all platforms, Legacy of the Dark Knight has now passed 1.5M sold through, so PlayStation accounts for over half of the gameβs players. The May crossover data for Legacy of the Dark Knight on PS5 is also useful. 27% of those players also played Fortnite, 16% Roblox, 16% FC 26, and 14% NBA 2K. Thatβs the household-and-family cohort showing up, plus the launch-window cohort of core gamers who buy practically everything. FC 26 gets players through the door ahead of the World Cup FC 26 sold 411K copies on PlayStation last month (90% via PS5), the fewest copies FC 26 has sold all year and down heavily from Aprilβs 700K. Part of this dropoff is because FC 26 has been available as a PlayStation Plus monthly game since 6 May, cannibalising premium sales. Subscribe for free to get the most accurate games estimates in your inbox twice a week π«Ά Subscribe The strategic logic is straightforward for EA, which is sacrificing premium unit sales in May to build up the player base ahead of the FIFA World Cup, which kicks off on 11 June. Obviously, a bigger player pool going into the tournament means a bigger pool of potential Ultimate Team spenders during the period when football attention is at its peak. The early returns are around what youβd expect, with 4.4M new players accessing FC 26 via PS Plus last month β a substantial new spender pool. Anecdotally, a few of my mates who were ββskipping FIFA and Ultimate Team this yearββ, were drawn back in via PS Plus. Lo and behold, one of them is buying packs like itβs going out of fashion. Whether this is all a smart trade for EA depends entirely on the Ultimate Team conversion rate over the next six weeks. Either way, the short-term engagement impact on the game as a whole is evident. FC 26βs MAUs hit a record 24M on PlayStation in May, up 30% from the previous record set in April. GTA V does what GTA V always does Rounding out the top five is another evergreen title. Grand Theft Auto V shifted another 387K copies on PlayStation last month. No matter what else is happening in the industry, GTA V keeps pulling players in. Itβs sold another 1.8M copies on PS5 in the first half of this year alone, helping the franchise pass the 230M-sold milestone across all platforms. Subscribe for free to get the most accurate games estimates in your inbox twice a week π«Ά Subscribe I have a theory that Minecraft and GTA V are doing the same thing at different demographic levels. Both are functioning as generational gateway games that the audience ages into faster than it ages out of. Minecraft captures kids around age 6-10, GTA V captures much of the same audience around age 12-15 (unofficially, of course). The crossover data suggests this: 40% of GTA Vβs monthly PlayStation players typically play Fortnite in any given month, while 30% play Roblox. Household accounts aside, thatβs not the original GTA V audience from 2013. Of course, the under-12 audience would love to get their hands on GTA, too. Itβs always been the way of things, and some parents are happy to oblige. Mine did too back in the day, and I turned out just fine. Right? Right!? Want to get your hands on our data for yourself β for free? Weβre offering a free trial of our platform for games companies. Send us a message here, or reply to this email, and weβll set you up. The last word Reply to this email β or reach out here β if you have any feedback for the newsletter β or want to request a game for us to cover. [Alinea Analytics boasts the most accurate PC and console estimates in the business. Game makers use our platform to understand their audience, keep an eye on the competition, monitor sales trends, and spot new opportunities. We equip game studios and financial institutions with accurate data and the confidence to make smarter, data-driven decisions. Want to talk about all things games market data? Weβd love to chat!]
Florida's WR pair ranked among college football's top 100 newcomers
ESPN ranks college football's top 100 newcomers for the 2026 season, including Florida Gators wide receivers Eric Singleton Jr and Micah Mays Jr.
Elections to top science bodies test Croatiaβs gender equality in research
Croatiaβs track-record on gender equality in science has been both questioned and lauded in recent months, following both bad and good news on the topic. On the one hand, a senior awards committee was announced without a single woman researcher included. On the other, the national science academy welcomed its first cohort of fellows with more women than men.Members of the committee, which gives national awards recognising scientific achievement, are proposed by the ministry of science and endorsed by the parliament. The current line-up does include a woman, but she is culture minister Nina Obuljen KorΕΎinek rather than a researcher. Even then, she didnβt make it into the photograph released to announce the appointments on April 16. βThe image speaks a thousand words,β says Tanja RudeΕΎ, a science journalist for Jutarnji List newspaper. βI am surprised that none of these men, all well-known scientists, saw a problem with the fact that there was not a single successful female scientist on the committee,β she told Science|Business.Ivan ΔikiΔ, a prominent Croatian biochemist based at Goethe University Medical School, commented on LinkedIn that the news illustrated a βsad truthβ about the state of science in Croatia.βIt [. . .] reveals a system where women, despite contributing a substantial share of high-quality, internationally competitive science, are systematically excluded from the very processes that determine recognition and influence,β he wrote. Some 60% of researchers in Croatia are women, according to the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, and they perform well in international competitions. For example, of the 12 European Research Council (ERC) grants awarded to Croatian researchers, seven went to women.βSo how is it possible that decision-making bodies are still dominated by men over 60, while not a single female ERC laureate is involved in the selection process?β asked ΔikiΔ. βThis is not a marginal oversight; it is a structural failure.β The ministry of science did not reply to a request for comment. The awards committee is not unusual. For example, a scientific advisory body announced by the ministry of demographics in April comprises 35 men and five women. The board of the Croatian Science Foundation, newly appointed by the parliament, is a little better, with five men and two women, but still unequal. βThis is especially significant because such bodies do not merely distribute prestige. They shape research priorities, funding allocation and long-term scientific development,β Marija LugariΔ, chair of the parliamentβs committee on gender equality, told Science|Business. βRepresentation here matters not only symbolically, but materially.βReferring to the awards committee and the board of the science foundation, LugariΔ says that while both bodies were appointed by parliament, neither met the minimum 40% gender balance threshold that Croatian law and EU guidelines expressly recommend for public bodies.ΔikiΔ wants to see EU institutions put pressure on the government to ensure basic standards of fairness, transparency and democratic governance in science policy are met. βMeaningful change will not come without pressure,β he wrote. βIt must intensify both within Croatia and at the level of European institutions. Anything less undermines the credibility of Europeβs commitment to excellence and inclusion in science.βRudeΕΎ also underlined the importance of talking and writing about this topic, βbecause public opinion in Croatia does influence changes in the status and visibility of women in science.βThe European Commission has not yet responded to a request for comment.Good news from the academyA more positive story came from the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts on 21 May, with the announcement of seven new women fellows and five men. This is the first time in the academyβs 165-year history that women have outnumbered men in a new intake.One of the new fellows, two-time ERC grantee Iva ToliΔ, credits the academy leadership with trying to be more modern and inclusive, representing the whole community better. βThe academy is really aware that so far, before this election, there were very few women,β she told Science|Business. βSo, they are actively trying to make this more equal.βRelated articlesExplained: How the MSCA is close to achieving gender balanceCall for EU to leverage academic freedom in global talent raceRudeΕΎ is more cautious, noting that despite the academyβs βbreakthrough this year [. . .] it is still a predominantly male institution, with only 18% women.βThis reflects a wider imbalance in Croatiaβs research landscape. βThe key levers of power in science are still in the hands of men,β she went on. βFor example, all 14 rectors of private and public universities are men.βSimilarly, LugariΔ says a structural glass ceiling still exists in Croatian science, which is βmost visible precisely where power is exercised.βShe cites data from the Commissionβs She Figures 2024 report, which shows that Croatia ranks second in the EU for gender equality in research and innovation overall, with an equality index of 79.6 out of 100. It is in the top five for womenβs career advancement, participation in research; representation across all research sectors and for scientific publications.In stark contrast, it ranks second to last when it comes to women in decision-making positions in science. βThis is not a coincidence,β LugariΔ says. βIt is a structural pattern.βInformal barriersThe persistent under-representation of women in the highest structures of Croatiaβs academies, boards, award committees and leadership positions is not down to formal barriers, LugariΔ says, but arises from more subtle obstacles such as βinformal networks, persistent expectations regarding traditional gender roles and the unequal distribution of care responsibilities.βToliΔ would like to see more support for young women in terms of affordable housing and child support, and higher salaries. Currently, she says, salaries in science stay low for the first 10-15 years, while housing and spaces in kindergarten are limited and expensive. βYou have to work a lot, you get very little money, so itβs not great to have a family in this situation,β she says.But despite the challenges, ToliΔ is optimistic, saying that gender equality in research in Croatia is βdefinitely improving and going in the right direction.β The situation is particularly promising in biology, she adds, where most full professors, heads of department and deans of faculties are women. LugariΔ, too, see the glass ceiling βvery slowly, cracking,β and cites the academy election as an example that structural change is possible. Yet the situation in the national awards committee is a βstark reminder that without a conscious, systemic commitment to gender balance, progress will remain slow and uneven.β
The cult of objectivity has broken consciousness science
With 22 competing theories and no consensus in sight, the science of consciousness is lost. In this exclusive IAI interview, Berkeley psychedelics researcher and bestselling author of a new book on consciousness Michael Pollan insists that even though consciousness lies beyond traditional forms of scientific investigation, we should resist becoming dualists who see it as something radically different from ordinary stuff in the world. Instead, he makes the case for reimagining science itself: it must stop reaching for objective descriptions of physical reality, and instead embrace subjectivity as the indispensable core of all inquiry. Alasdair Craig: How did your experiences with psychedelics get you interested in consciousness?Michael Pollan: One of the things that happens on psychedelics is that they foreground consciousness. What formerly seemed perfectly transparent and ever presentβand yet, non-existent, as water is to fishβsuddenly you see it. The metaphor I use in the book is that psychedelics sponge the windscreen. Suddenly you realize: wow, thereβs a windscreen, there is this phenomenon thatβs mediating my relationship to reality. This is not an unusual realization on psychedelics. I think a lot of people are called to think about consciousness after psychedelic experiences. So that was the proximate inspiration for A World Appears: A Journey Into Consciousness (2026).And then there was a more specific way in which psychedelics influence the book. That was a particular experience I had on psilocybin. I had the sensation that the plants in my garden were conscious and returning my gaze, with their own point of view and agency, and I got curious as to how to evaluate an insight like that. I mean, whatβs the truth quotient of insights you have on psychedelics? And I was reading William Jamesβwho, of course, wrote beautifully about mystical experienceβand he said, we canβt judge the metaphysics here, but we should pay attention to two criteria: (1) How useful is it to think this is true? He was a pragmatist, of course. And (2) can we subject it to other ways of knowing to validate it? Because maybe we should treat these insights as hypotheses. And thatβs kind of how I approach psychedelics, as a great generator of hypotheses, but they need to be tested against other ways of knowing. And so that led me down this long path exploring the science of plant intelligence and plant sentience.AC: I love your phrase, βsmudging the windowpane of conscious experience.β So do you now start to think, actually, even when Iβm not on psychedelics, Iβm just seeing a screen all the time, which is not reality, but rather is my conscious experience, behind which reality is hidden?MP: Well, you know, not when Iβm brushing my teeth and making breakfast! But yes, in meditation, certainly. I mean, one of the things you realize is that my experience happens to be this way now, but it could be another way. And many things can affect it. My morning coffee changes the screen in various ways, sharpens certain things.___The only tool we have to understand consciousness is consciousness.___Thereβs this wonderful metaphor in Aldous Huxleyβs book, The Doors of Perception, where he thinks we channel consciousness, and that what the brain does is edit it, and thereβs a reducing valve. And psychedelics open the reducing valve wider. I donβt know that Iβm ready to buy into the idea that consciousness exists outside brains, but I do love that metaphor because there are times when you are more conscious than others. I know Iβve switched from window pane to valve, but you know, a camera aperture can open wider or narrower. And I do have a sense of that. I have a sense of when Iβm being less conscious, and when Iβm being more conscious, by which I mean, you know, more present, taking in more sensory information. So when you start thinking about consciousness as a matter of degree, that changes things also.I think when we scroll on social media, obviously, weβre conscious. But minimally so, because we donβt have to generate our own thoughts. Weβre basically taking these little hits from other people and thinking their thoughts.The process of writing this book made me kind of relativize everyday consciousness as just one type, which is exactly what William James said. Normal consciousness is one type, separated by the flimsiest of screens from the other types.AC: If we stick with the metaphor of the smudge on the window that you get when you take psychedelics, it seems like weβre saying that consciousness has become like an object that youβre looking at, right? Youβre looking at the smudge and that just is consciousness. But sometimes weβll talk about consciousness as a state that youβre in, rather than an object you can perceive. Youβre either conscious or youβre not conscious. So itβs difficult to really know what sort of thing weβre talking about when we talk about consciousness, right?MP: Yeah. When you say that consciousness is an object, whatβs the subject? Consciousness also? The only tool we have to understand consciousness is consciousness. So weβre in a closed loop and when we get a perspective on consciousness, weβre not achieving any distance from it. Thatβs one of the problems with studying consciousness. Science is predicated on an objective, Godβs eye view of things, and you never get that. Thereβs no such thing. SUGGESTED VIEWING The brain filters consciousness With Γlex GΓ³mez-MarΓn But, yeah, there is this sense, I think, that consciousness is something you can approach. Certainly, when youβre writing and trying to recreate a conscious experience, itβs a fiction, but youβre standing back from it, and looking at it. But thereβs no real subject-object distinction.AC: Thatβs so interesting, because when philosophers start talking about consciousness, they often talk about what they call βqualiaβ, which is their word for the felt experience of, say, the color red. And I think that way of speaking often makes us think of the qualia as an object, which you can see out there: the redness of red. But, as you say, we also want to collapse the subject-object distinction when we talk about consciousness. So thereβs something strange going on hereβ¦MP: Oh, yeah, there are many strange things going on! *AC: Letβs talk about the varieties of consciousness. Apart from perceptions, there are, pains, emotions, thoughts, and so on. What is it that holds all this diversity together so that they all count as instances of consciousness? What is it that they all have in common?MP: Yeah, thatβs a really good question. I mean, there is sensory information, right? Which we perceive coming from the world outside ourselves. And then thereβs internal information, which is whatβs called interoception. And this is very important too. This is where feelings come fromβwhat are sometimes called homeostatic feelingsβthat are intended to get the brain to keep us in these narrow ranges of temperature and glucose and so on. Thatβs a very important part of consciousness. And according to some researchers, who I think are probably right, this is where consciousness begins, with these very primal feelings, like hunger and thirst and warmth and itch, and things like that. And then thereβs this third thing, which is our thinking about thinking.And what holds all this together is, I think, the sense of self. Consciousness generates a self: it is probably an organizing principle. All this stuff is happening to the self. Itβs a construct, I think, but it is very useful. It can connect all these different streams of consciousness to a single being or a place, metaphorically speaking.* AC: The first half of your book is about the science of consciousness. Is consciousness just another thing, like black holes or the origin of life, which we donβt yet understand, but which we should have every hope that science will one day get to the bottom of, or is there something special about consciousness that makes this unlikely?MP: It depends how you define science. As we define science now, itβs going be very difficult. Science since Galileo has had a set of rules or assumptions, which is that the proper remit of science is to deal with the objective, quantifiable, third-person world. And the physical sciences have done amazing work under that set of limitations. Galileoβfor tactical reasons, not for philosophical reasonsβsaid science should not deal with the soul, which at the time was what consciousness was considered to be. So what is subjective, what is qualitative, what is first person, weβre going to leave to the church, he said. And this was a good agreement, and it probably kept many scientists from getting burned at the stake. But it leaves science in an awkward spot, now that it wants to venture into that territory of qualities, of first-person experience. And I donβt think it has the proper tools. I think it will have to add to its toolkit in some way, and find a way to bring in phenomenology, or lived experience and introspection, which science is usually dismissive of.The challengeβwe alluded to it earlierβis that the only tool you have to study consciousness with is consciousness. And what I mean by that is, the whole scientific enterprise is a manifestation of consciousness. As much as scientists like to flatter themselves with this idea that they attain a godlike perspective on what they study, when it comes to consciousness, thereβs no such thing. And itβs fine for all the things you can step outside of and study from that perspective. But two areas it wonβt work are consciousness and cosmology.___It could be that we live in this anomaly of not believing nature is conscious. And maybe psychedelics are teaching us something weβve forgotten.___With cosmology, too, you have to study the universe from inside the universe. Itβs not that cosmologists havenβt made progress. We know a lot about the age of the universe and expansion and things like that. But we canβt penetrate what happened before the Big Bang. We just donβt have the tools because we canβt stand outside.The fact that there are 22 full-scale theories of consciousness tells you all you need to know: weβre kind of lost. And I was surprised to find that we are more lost than I thought we were when I started this. I thought that thereβd be leading theories, or that we had experiments that we could conduct that would nail some of this down. And the fact is, we donβt.So, I donβt know if science can solve it. But, of course, we can change the rules of science. A really influential book for me was a book called The Blind Spot, by two physicists, Marcello Gleiser and Adam Frank, and a philosopher, Evan Thompson. Itβs a reminder that science is a social practice. Itβs organized in a certain way and it can be organized in a different way. But it has this huge blind spot at the center of it, which is its failure to recognize that it is a form of consciousness itself, and it doesnβt have a good way of taking account of lived experience.AC: On the one hand, I think you want to resist traditional dualism, which would say that consciousness is something magical, something supernatural, right? But on the other hand, youβre accepting that there is this division in reality between the stuff that you can investigate objectively and measure, and so onβthe stuff that science has been good at finding out aboutβand consciousness, which, for some reason, you canβt objectively measure. Some would take this to suggest that the dualism is actually right. Is there a way of reconciling these two strands of your thinking?MP: To call it magical is full of value judgement. I mean, you could just say immaterial. The interesting thing is, I think, that intuitively weβre all dualists. And I donβt know whether thatβs because weβre children of Descartes and other cultures are less dualist than we are. Or it may be because thatβs how consciousness feels. It feels different than the body. It feels separate from the body. But I donβt think we should trust that intuition.AC: So letβs think about ways that science might be changed to get at consciousness. I suppose the starting point would be the way that you begin the second half of your book. You have this nice line from William James, where he says, βWe now begin our study of the mind from within.β Could you give us some sense of the ways of studying the mind from within? What does this involve?MP: I donβt know what that science looks like. But one of the points Iβm making is that it depends on the humanities. I found that I learned as much, if not more, about consciousness, from reading novels and poetry. There is a sense of the fullness and complexity of consciousness that you donβt get in any scientific account. I interviewed this stream-of-consciousness writer and I approached her as an expert on consciousness, and she is. So I think that dialogue is really important.Iβm reading Ben Lernerβs new novel, Transcription. Just read the first page of this novel: itβs a man falling asleep on a train, going to conduct an interview, and there is the experience of being in the train, facing backwards, thereβs the view outside, but thereβs a reflection of himself through which heβs seeing outside. Thereβs the memory of dropping his kids off at school. All this is going on in one moment of consciousness. Scientists arenβt going anywhere near that. But I think itβs useful for them to think about. Thatβs where weβre trying to go: like, how does such a layered experience happen? You know, it also makes you wonder, could a computer ever do this? And it gives you some doubt.*AC: Before we get to computers, perhaps we could talk briefly about plants. How did you come to feel that they are sentient?MP: Well, it was a psychedelic experience, and itβs not unusual on psychedelics. In fact, thereβve been studies about how people become animists during psychedelic experience. Their belief in animism arises after a single psychedelic experience.You know, most scientists would say this is all a myth. But we have only 400 years of the age of enlightenment and science. Before that, we were animists, and if you go around the world, most indigenous cultures are still animists, and children are animists, by and large, until they go to school. So it could be that we live in this anomaly of not believing nature is conscious. And maybe psychedelics are teaching us something weβve forgotten.As I said, I wanted to test this idea, and see whether there was conventional scientific evidence for it. And thereβs fascinating work going on in a field that calls itselfβin a rather cheeky wayβplant neurobiology. These are people who fully realize there are no neurons in plants, but theyβre trolling conventional botanists! And theyβre doing experiments that are demonstrating that plants can learn and remember, which is kind of amazing: how do you store a memory without neurons? Theyβre finding plants that can solve problems, that can hear and see. In fact, they have 20 senses to our five or six. For example, a bean plant looking for something to twine, and given a pole within eight inches or so of it, knows where that pole is and will aim its spiraling reach at that pole. What is that about? Is it bouncing signals off of it?One of the spookiest things is the fact that the same anesthetics that put us out put plants out. You might think that plants are already out, but theyβre not. Theyβre just slow. If you take a plant with a fast behavior, like a Venus flytrap, and give it an anesthetic, it will stop reacting. So you have to ask yourself, what is lost when the plant is anaesthetized? Some state of alertness, of awareness, of its environment, of reactivity. Iβm not prepared to call that consciousness, but maybe itβs sentienceβwhich is a simpler form of consciousness, and involves the ability to sense whatβs going on in your environment and assess whatβs good and bad for you and act appropriately. That may be a universal quality of life.AC: Letβs turn from plants to AI. You point out that LLMs are trained on the internet rather than direct interactions with reality. You put this really nicely when you say the internet is not the world so much as a shadow cast by the world. So LLMs are living in this kind of shadow world, or in Platoβs cave, as you put it. Whatβs the significance of this for AI consciousness and moral consideration? And, to recall the beginning of our conversation, if weβre stuck behind a veil or screen of consciousness, are we also stuck in a kind of shadow world?MP: I donβt think theyβre the same shadow worlds because our world includes nature and other people. And even if itβs mediated in some ways... There is a reality out there, and we are in relation to it, through consciousness. Thereβs friction with it. Whatβs missing from the LLMs is that friction with the real world. Thereβs more to the world than human representation, which is what theyβre dealing with. And that means that so far, AI is a cultural technology for combining thoughts weβve already had. SUGGESTED VIEWING Cracking the code for thought With Roger Penrose, Sabrina Gonzalez Pasterski, Max Tegmark, GΓΌneΕ Taylor Genuine creativity is more than collage. A lot of what AI does now is tantamount to collage, putting this with that and you know, thatβs part of art, certainly. But there are also genuinely new ideas that come into the world that donβt come in through manipulating the representations we already have. So it remains to be seen whether AIs can be truly creative in that more radical sense.But my arguments against AI becoming conscious have to do with the fact that the idea of AI consciousness is based on this faulty metaphor that the brain is a computer. There are dimensions in which the brain is like a computerβit certainly does its share of computation. But computers have this sharp distinction between hardware and software, and brains donβt. In a brain, hardware and software are identical. Every memory is a physical change to the brain. Brains are not interchangeable in the way computers are. So this idea that you could take the consciousness out and somehow run it on another substrate, a silicon substrate, seems foolhardy.Anyway, itβs a more extended argument, and I may be wrong. And when we move to computers that arenβt based on siliconβneuromorphic computers and things like thatβall bets may be off.AC: Regarding your point about LLMs being stuck in the world of our representationsβthe internet or whateverβand not being able to interact with reality, are these representations, the world of the internet, themselves part of reality? Weβve created the internet, but itβs still a real thing that exists. And so while the LLMs may be trapped within that part of reality, theyβre nevertheless within reality and interacting with it and so on. So itβs not obvious that thereβs a barrier there to them becoming conscious and being creative.MP: Yeah, I mean, if our consciousness is built out of human culture, which is what weβre talking about with all those representations. But I tend to think consciousness comes a bit more out of nature and friction with the natural world, but...AC: So thereβs a fundamental divide between the natural world and human artefacts?MP: And we lose track of that, and especially people in this computer world. You know, the people who are creating these AI systems, my guess is theyβve been into video games since the age of three, and they didnβt go outside a lot. And their own contact with nature is somewhat limited. I could be wrong, itβd be a very interesting thing to ask, all the wizards of AI, whether they like to go fishing and hiking and do things like that. Or were they on computers from a very early age? I interviewed Blake Lemoine, the Google engineer who came to believe that LaMDA, the Google LLM out at the time, was conscious and deserved personhood. It was very clear that he didnβt see a distinction between this bubble in which he lived and the real world. And I think weβve all been distanced from the natural world, and this is taking us even further away. But itβs still there, you know, and we still have bodies, and weβre still mortal, and we donβt live in a simulation.AC: I think thatβs a great place to finish. Michael Pollan, thank you very much!
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How Science Works
The 2nd Weather and Climate Livestream is now underway. It is organized by a group of early-career researchers concerned about declining funding for the field and eager to demonstrate how weather and climate research makes a difference in our lives. Last yearβs event was a great success, drawing terrific press coverage including a piece in the NY Times. This year features a strong lineup of talks aimed at a general audience β I highly recommend tuning in. Share I gave a talk yesterday about How Science Works in Three Steps. You can see the short presentation here (Iβve appended a transcript below): And please tune into the livestream here. It runs through tomorrow at 6 pm ET. Thanks for reading The Climate Brink! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support our work. Subscribe Cleaned up transcript: Thank you, and thanks to everyone tuning in. I want to talk about something I think a lot of people donβt really understand: how science actually works. Arguments over any scientific topic β climate change, vaccines, you name it β revolve around competing claims. For climate change, the claims are: Is the Earth warming? Are humans to blame? What will the impacts be? Over the last 150 years, the scientific community has developed a remarkably robust method for sorting out which claims are true and which arenβt. That method is what I want to walk through. So how does science generate knowledge? If you ask a high schooler, theyβll give you the version they learned in ninth grade: an individual scientist forms a hypothesis, runs an experiment, and draws a conclusion. Thatβs more or less what happens at the individual level, though in practice itβs more iterative β you design, test, and refine all at once, landing on a slightly different idea each time until you reach a conclusion about whatever hypothesis youβve ended up with. But this isnβt science. Itβs only step one. Any individual scientist can make mistakes β scientists are human. Maybe thereβs a bug in the code, maybe thereβs an error in the experiment. Just because someone ran an experiment and reached a conclusion doesnβt mean itβs right, and scientists donβt treat a single result as settled truth. Step two is peer review, the first layer of quality control. The scientist writes up what they did and submits it to a journal, which sends the paper to other experts in the field. Those experts judge whether the methods are sound, whether it properly references prior work, and whether the conclusions actually follow from the data. Ask any scientist and theyβll tell you peer review is miserable β the comments come back brutal, often harsh, and you have to revise and resubmit, sometimes multiple times, before an editor finally accepts the paper. Peer review catches an immense amount of bad science, but it canβt catch all of it. Reviewers get sloppy or overworked, they miss obvious mistakes, and they canβt catch hidden errors β a bug in the code, a misread instrument. So a peer-reviewed paper making it into a journal doesnβt mean the paper is right. Nobody treats a single paper as the final word. Thatβs where step three comes in: the crucible of science. Important results get retested by the broader community. If you publish something interesting, it gets dissected. Sometimes people try to reproduce your work directly but more often they test its implications. If someone claims X is true, and that implies that Y is also true, then scientists will go check Y. If a claim survives this gauntlet long enough, it becomes accepted. Thatβs how we generate knowledge. Let me give an example: the ozone hole. In 1985 β and I doubt many people watching were around then, but I remember it well β Joe Farman and his colleagues published observations from Antarctica showing that a huge chunk of ozone was disappearing every year. This was shocking because most atmospheric chemists had expected ozone loss to occur at mid-latitudes and high altitudes, not over the South Pole. When scientists see something they donβt understand, they rush to explain it, and several competing hypotheses quickly appeared in the peer-reviewed literature. One pointed to chlorine chemistry from chlorofluorocarbons. A second blamed nitrogen chemistry, possibly driven by solar proton events β meaning the sun was responsible. A third argued it wasnβt chemistry at all but dynamics: winds were carrying naturally low-ozone air from the lower atmosphere up into the stratosphere. Then the community went to work testing which theory could survive the crucible. Aircraft flew into the ozone hole and found no nitrogen, ruling out the nitrogen theory. Measurements showed the air in the polar vortex was descending, not rising β which would bring high-ozone air down, eliminating the dynamics theory. Meanwhile, those same flights measured enormous amounts of chlorine, strongly correlated with exactly the regions where ozone was being destroyed. That became known as the βsmoking gunβ paper, and it established that chlorine chemistry was the cause. Through this process, a consensus emerged. And itβs worth being clear that this consensus is organic. Thereβs no vote, no poll, no meeting where it gets decided. Scientists go to conferences, talk to one another, and independently arrived at the same answer. Itβs the ultimate free market of ideas. After the consensus was established, the peer-reviewed literature doesnβt even mention the rival theories β it simply takes chlorine chemistry as given. Thatβs what a consensus looks like. It doesnβt mean every single scientist agrees, but it does mean thereβs no longer any legitimate debate. So where can you see what scientists actually think? Itβs all in the peer-reviewed literature, which contains the entire historical record of the argument: the discovery, the competing theories, the debate, the testing, and finally the community coalescing around one answer. But thereβs a lot of room for misrepresentation. You can dig up an old paper claiming the ozone hole was caused by dynamics and wave it around as if there still was a debate about the cause of the ozone hole β without mentioning that the idea was disproven long ago and that even its own authors no longer believe it. Thereβs a bigger problem, though: the peer-reviewed literature is written in a language I call βnerd.β Itβs extremely hard to read β honestly, some of it is hard for me to follow. It takes graduate students years to work through the literature in a single field, so we canβt expect policymakers or ordinary people to do it. This is where scientific assessments come in. The most famous is the IPCC β the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The job of an assessment is to read and summarize the peer-reviewed literature, synthesizing whatβs settled, whatβs been disproven, and what remains genuinely debated. To ensure the assessments accurately summarize the peer-reviewed literature, assessments are written by large teams, which are far less prone to bias than individuals and which dilute the influence of any one scientist with an axe to grind. The teams are deliberately assembled to avoid stacking the deck, and the reports themselves go through multiple rounds of peer review. That rigorous process is exactly why you can trust them and why people consider the IPCC to be the gold standard of what we know about the climate system. An assessment produced through a different process may well not be credible. You can even watch the consensus evolve across assessments. Take the attribution of warming. The 1990 IPCC report said the observed warming was broadly consistent with model predictions but also comparable to natural variability β in other words, we donβt know whether humans are responsible. By 1995, it concluded that the balance of evidence suggested a discernible human influence β a sentence only a committee could write, and one that barely commits to anything. By 2001, most of the warming over the previous 50 years was judged βlikelyβ due to greenhouse gases; by 2007, βvery likelyβ; by 2013, βextremely likely.β The 2023 report says essentially the same as 2013 β thereβs not much stronger language available. So, to wrap up: science is our ultimate tool for deciphering the universe β the most successful method weβve ever developed for determining whatβs true and what isnβt. Our understanding is written into the peer-reviewed literature, so if you want to know what scientists think, thatβs where to look. And for those of us who donβt speak nerd, scientific assessments are the Rosetta Stone β they translate nerd into English. Let me open the floor to questions. Thank you.
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A Georgia 12-year-old is back at the Scripps National Spelling Bee β and he's more prepared than ever. Meet Sarv Dharavane and his 3,700-word study list!
Georgia sixth grader has high hopes in return to Scripps National Spelling Bee
A Georgia 12-year-old is back at the Scripps National Spelling Bee β and he's more prepared than ever. Meet Sarv Dharavane and his 3,700-word study list!
One-and-Done Heart Disease Prevention? Scientists Show It May Be Possible.
A single infusion of an experimental gene-editing drug seemed to reduce LDL long-term in a small trial. The results may point to something βcurative,β one expert said.
One-and-Done Heart Disease Prevention? Scientists Show It May Be Possible.
A single infusion of an experimental gene-editing drug seemed to reduce LDL long-term in a small trial. The results may point to something βcurative,β one expert said.
Semiconductor decoupling. Powell's politics. Industrializing Ogaden. Free trade and the Magna Carta.
Thank you for opening your Chartbook email. Feliks Topolski, 1907-1989 8th Armyβs Front, Italy 1944 Semiconductor decoupling Source: FT One thing that Jerome Powell deeply understood is that chairing the Fed under current conditions is a deeply political job. βPowell has successes and mistakes to his name. But he stands out as having thought more carefully about the Fedβs democratic legitimacy than any chair since Paul Volcker,β said Paul Tucker, a former deputy governor at the Bank of England, referring to the Fed chair who successfully fought the great inflation of the 1970s and early 1980s. β¦ While Powell was at the Treasury in the early 1990s, he watched Alan Greenspan build relationships within the government. That convinced Powell he needed to follow the former Fed chairβs lead and spend more time in Congress than his predecessors Yellen and Bernanke. βThe accountability for the Fed runs through Congress,β said Claudia Sahm, a former Fed official who is now chief economist at New Century Advisors. βThatβs not just about having people on speed dial β itβs answering questions, explaining policy and getting feedback.β Source: FT Ethiopiaβs PM Abiy and Nigerian business tycoon, with Chinese engineering, are driving industrialization in Ogaden/Somali region of Ethiopia. - Michael Masriβs reporting for Africa Report if fascinating. Ethiopia has launched a cluster of large industrial schemes in the Somali region, laying foundation stones for a urea plant and an oil refinery in Gode while opening the first two phases of the Ogaden LNG project. Abiy Ahmed framed the push as part of a broader strategy to link energy, agriculture and industry. βThese projects embody more than industrial growth,β he said. βThey represent our shared responsibility to harness opportunities, strengthen co-operation and promote peace.β The Gode urea plant, backed by Dangote Group and Ethiopian Investment Holdings (EIH), is designed for 3m tonnes a year. Dangote owns 60%, while EIH holds 40%. Officials say Dangoteβs equity totals about $2.5bn, while the state provides land and implementation oversight. Gas from the Calub fields will be piped 108km to the site. Construction is slated for 40 months, with operations targeted for 2028. Ethiopia imports most of its fertiliser, spending more than $1.2bn a year for 1.5mβ2m tonnes. Usage was roughly 1.7m tonnes in 2023, almost half of it urea, and demand for 2024β25 is put above 2.4m tonnes. If delivered on time, the Gode plant could cover domestic needs and allow exports to neighbours. Brook Taye, chief executive of EIH, called the venture βa significant milestone in the journey toward industrial self-sufficiencyβ. Dangote told the groundbreaking crowd that the complex would be integrated with gas supply and a polypropylene unit to support local inputs. He pointed to Ethiopiaβs Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), with a capacity of more than 5,000MW, and noted his groupβs cement operations and expansion plans. The Gode refinery is being developed by Golden Concord Group of China. It is designed to process 3.5m tonnes a year of crude and condensate from the Hilala field, with associated storage. Backers say it will ease foreign-exchange pressure from fuel imports and anchor further industrial activity, including a proposed steel smelting site in Dire Dawa. GCLβs chair, Zhu Gongshan, cast the project as βa key step in Ethiopiaβs path to energy sovereigntyβ, underscoring the BeijingβAddis ties. Financing details are still being finalised, but the refinery is central to the governmentβs energy-security narrative. Source: The Africa Report Dangoteβs Ethiopian vision: Dangote began with cement. His crown jewel, Dangote Cement, dominates Nigeriaβs market and has 10 operations in other nations in Africa. The formula has been consistent: identify sectors with chronic shortages β cement, fertiliser, sugar β commit massive local investments, and scale up to serve regional demand. Ethiopia was a natural extension of that model. In 2015, Dangote launched the Mugher Cement Plant outside Addis Ababa at a cost of $600m, with an annual capacity of 2.5 million tonnes. The investment gave him a firm foothold in one of Africaβs fastest-growing construction markets. But success came with risks. In May 2018, violent unrest led to the killing of Dangoteβs country manager and temporary shutdowns at Mugher. While other investors might have retreated, Dangote doubled down. Today, he is preparing to spend $400m to expand Mugherβs capacity to 5 million tonnes, alongside a new grinding unit near Addis Ababa. Cement is just one market Dangote is targeting. Ethiopiaβs enormous state-controlled sugar industry, long plagued by inefficiency and debt, has struggled for years to reform. Its Omo Kuraz Sugar Development Project, touted as one of the continentβs largest initiatives, continues to face delays and mismanagement. β¦ The most ambitious venture of all is the planned fertiliser production complex in Gode, Somali region. Publicised on 28 August 2025, the Dangote Group and Ethiopian Investment Holdings (EIH) deal plans one of the worldβs largest single-site urea manufacturing plants. The project costs an estimated $2.5bn and has an estimated capacity of 3 million metric tonnes annually, a rate that would not only render Ethiopia independent, but even a net exporter of fertiliser. EIH, the state wealth fund of Ethiopia, will hold 40%, while 60% is held by Dangote Group. β¦ For Dangote, Ethiopia is a trifecta: Cement demand is projected to grow by 10% annually, its sugar consumption is growing with rapid urbanisation, and fertiliser demand is all but insatiable, given that farming supports the livelihood of 70% of Ethiopians. Source: The Africa Report The stakes for Abiy are high: For Addis Ababa, the $4bn fertiliser project in Ethiopiaβs Somali region is no longer simply a manufacturing investment. It is increasingly being framed as a strategic state project tied to food sovereignty, import substitution and the governmentβs broader attempt to build economic resilience under mounting fiscal pressure. βBecoming self-sufficient in food is our main agenda,β Abiy says during the visit. βLand is needed; we have it. Water is needed; we have it. Human resources are needed; we have it.β The scale is enormous even by African industrial standards. Once operational, the plant is expected to produce three million metric tonnes of urea annually, potentially making it one of the continentβs largest fertiliser complexes. Ethiopian officials say the project now includes a 110km gas pipeline, a 120MW power plant, a polypropylene packaging facility and a two-million-tonne NPK blending plant. For a government grappling with chronic foreign exchange shortages, ballooning import bills and pressure on agricultural productivity, the numbers matter politically as much as they do economically. The decision to anchor the project in Gode is deliberate. Long viewed as peripheral to Ethiopiaβs industrial economy, the Somali region is now being repositioned by the federal government as a future irrigation and agro-industrial corridor. Officials argue that the areaβs vast land reserves and access to water could eventually support large-scale commercial farming capable of reshaping Ethiopiaβs food economy. The government is simultaneously building housing infrastructure for about 5,000 residents near the plant, while officials project broader industrial expansion along the corridor. Abiy goes further, comparing the long-term revenue potential of the Gode development zone with Ethiopiaβs flagship state enterprise. βThe investments we are making in this Gode area, combined, will generate high revenue for Ethiopia, at par with Ethiopian Airlines,β he says. Source: The Africa Report Feliks Topolski 1907-1982 Topolskiβs Chronicle, βNazi Revivalβ, Vol. 8, Is. 1-2, 1960 HEY READERS, THANK YOU for opening the Chartbook email. I hope it brightens your day. I enjoy putting out the newsletter, but tbh, what keeps this flow going is the generosity of those readers who clicked the subscription button. Photo by Jakub Dziubak on Unsplash If you are persuaded to click, please consider the annual subscription of $50. It is both better value for you and a much better deal for me, as it involves only one credit card charge. Why feed the payments companies if we donβt have to. Subscribe Grim vision of drone warfare by Sylvie Kaufmann For contributing subscribers only. Subscribe The state of the art in Colbert-studies. Jean-Baptiste Colbert was Louis XIV chief minister from 1661 to 1683 and traditionally seen as an architect of absolutism and mercantilism. Alexander Hamilton later cited him as an inspiration in 1782. Now his legacy is disputed. Daniel Dessert, the chief critic, sees Colbert as the orchestrator not so much of an absolutist state as of an elite cabal. Would be great to have a good English-language review of this important debate. Source: lhistoire Didnβt know that the Magna Carta included free trade provisions Fighting for the right to the beach in Oregon in 1967: Source: Research Gate RAF Station β British and Polish Flags, c. 1940-45, The Ingram Collection Feliks Topolski, 1907-1989 ink and wash If youβve scrolled this far, you know you want to click: Subscribe
Georgia tops Arkansas, wins first SEC Baseball Championship
Jack Arcamone drove in four runs with a home run and a single and the Georgia Bulldogs, the tournament's top seed, won their first SEC Baseball Championship, defeating the Arkansas Razorbacks 11-1 in seven innings on Sunday in Hoover, Alabama.
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Sunderland 2-1 Chelsea: What Le Bris said
Sunderland won 54 Premier League points this season, the most by a newly promoted side since Leeds United in 2020-21 (59 points), while their seventh place finish is the best by a newly promoted team since Wolves in 2018-19 (7th). The Black Cats are one of just three sides that didn't lose a single Premier League game when scoring first in 2025-26 (P13 W8 D5), alongside Manchester United and Nottingham Forest.
Quantum Batteries Could Run For Years Off Of A Single One-Minute Charge
Quantum batteries have been a theoretical concept since 2013, but Australian scientists have just created a working prototype with insane charging speeds.
LeBron James admits he misses Alex Caruso 'every single day'
The Lakers made a pretty big blunder in 2021 when they let Alex Caruso leave in free agency.