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RWJBarnabas Health Celebrates Ribbon Cutting of New Multi-Specialty Ambulatory Care Facility in Toms River
RWJBarnabas Health celebrated the grand opening of its updated, state-of-the-art Women’s Health and Urology suites yesterday with a ribbon-cutting ceremony in the Toms River Nexus Building.
Fresh food, healthy minds: Atlanta seniors receive produce during World Alzheimer's Month
The Atlanta Community Food Bank and its partners are promoting brain health by providing fresh produce boxes to underserved seniors across Atlanta.
Workers should brace for biggest health insurance cost jump in decades
Small businesses warn rising healthcare costs could lead to higher premiums, reduced benefits, stalled wages and tougher choices for workers.
Is 50 the new 60?
Subscribe TL;DR: Younger generations are showing signs of worse health compared to earlier-born cohorts at the same age This backward “drift” is showing up both in mortality risk and chronic disease Worsening trends in obesity and diabetes are the most consistent signals Taking the long view, we’ve made astonishing gains in health and life expectancy in the last century. Global average life expectancy has more than doubled from 32 years in 1900 to 73 years in 2024. (But don’t forget, there were still old people when life expectancy was 32). As people lived longer, they also generally lived healthier along the way. It turns out that avoiding things that can kill you early, like malnutrition and lots of childhood infections, also keeps you healthier later in life. In a classic 2004 paper, Finch and Crimmins proposed that cohorts of children who benefited from fewer early life infections had less lifetime exposure to inflammation and cardiovascular disease later in life, accelerating mortality improvements at older ages. Poor nutrition in the womb has also been linked to a higher risk of later chronic disease. The upshot is that improvements in childhood health can pay dividends many decades later. The combination of better living conditions (nutrition, sanitation) and medical advances (antibiotics, vaccines, blood pressure meds, etc) meant that people’s healthy lifespan generally expanded, even as they lived longer. Aging researchers call this best-case scenario “compression of morbidity”—meaning we delay the onset of disease and disability even faster than the years of life we are adding. During my 20+ year research career, we could generally bank on the idea that younger generations would not only live longer but also keep getting healthier along the way. “60 is the new 50” as they say… Enter “Generational Health Drift” Sadly, this expectation of steady progress may be changing. You’ve probably heard that US life expectancy gains have slowed to a crawl in the past couple of decades. Mortality improvements are also slowing (though less dramatically) in many other high-income countries (you can read more about that in a review paper I wrote here). Mortality is a very blunt health measure, but it is often a good barometer for the broader population health trends happening underneath. And we are now seeing that younger generations may be in worse health at similar ages compared to earlier born cohorts. My collaborator Prof. George Ploubidis at University College London coined this worsening health in more recently born cohorts “generational health drift.” “Generational health drift” is bad news on multiple fronts. Most obviously, we don’t want our health progress to go backward. But the timing is also bad, since our populations are aging. In demographic terms, “population aging” means that the proportion of the population at older ages (i.e >65 years) is increasing. Fun demography fact: Current population aging is not due to the recent declines in the birth rates making the news, but declines in fertility decades ago, after the “baby boom.” As baby boomers reach older ages, the smaller cohorts behind them mean the percentage of older adults will increase. For example, the share of the population age 65 and older in the US increased from 12.4% in 2004 to 18.0% in 2024. This story of population aging was written long ago. Many worry that population aging will put pressure on health care and pension systems. But if people reach older ages in better health than in years past, those fiscal pressures would be less dire than projected. Healthy older people can also continue to contribute to society in many valuable ways, including paid work, caregiving, community service….even high political office 🤷. On the flip side, if younger generations reach retirement age in worse health and with more disabling conditions, this could magnify the societal challenge of population aging. Evidence for worsening generational health A recent paper that I LOVED in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by Dr. Leah Abrams and colleagues examined which birth cohorts (aka generations) were behind worsening US mortality. Behold the Lexis diagram (cue swooning demographers). Calendar time is on the x-axis, age on the y-axis. Birth cohorts can be followed over time as they age on the diagonal lines moving up and to the right. This figure plots the year-on-year % change in all-cause mortality at a given age. Green shading indicates mortality improvements over time, white is stagnation, and gray shading indicates worsening mortality. Following the diagonal line for those born in 1950, you can see a noticeable shift from green to gray that follows this cohort for most of their lives. This gray shading shows generally worsening mortality for the 1950 to 1959 birth cohorts compared to their predecessors across all ages. Concerningly for my GenX and elder millennial peeps, there was also a deterioration in mortality for birth cohorts born in the 1970s and 1980s, visible as dark gray areas at ages 30 to 45 during the 2010s. While some of these mortality changes reflect specific shocks such as the opioid epidemic, most deaths still occur from major causes of death such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. For cancer, the gray in the top left corner of the figure below reflects the legacies of smoking for older cohorts, followed by a period of green with improvements in cancer mortality as smoking rates declined. But the white/gray shading in the bottom right corner highlights a stagnation and reversal of the cancer trends, with cohorts born around 1970 to 1985 experiencing worsening cancer mortality. This deterioration was most noticeable for colon cancer mortality, possibly linked to obesity or dietary factors. Not just dying more, but less healthy along the way. A recent paper by Dr. Laura Gimeno of University College London (of which I am a co-author), found evidence that more recently born cohorts in Great Britain have stagnating or worsening health. A stylized picture of what“generational health drift” might look like: The review paper found: Rates of childhood overweight and obesity were highest among Gen Z. Rates of diabetes in the 40s almost doubled from 3.1% among the Baby Boomers to 5.9% in Generation X. Gen Z reported higher rates of poor mental health in adolescence compared to earlier-born groups. These UK results are consistent with studies showing worsening health across generations in the US as well. A 2021 US study found that more recently born cohorts had worse biological markers (like blood pressure and blood sugar) than earlier generations at the same age. A separate 2022 study of Americans aged 50 and over found that more recently born generations had a higher number of chronic diseases, with younger age of disease onset. A 2024 Lancet paper found that in the US, women born in 1945 had 33% obesity prevalence at age 50, rising to 48.2% for women born in 1970 turning 50. So what’s going on, and can we turn it around? We don’t have a definitive answer for what’s causing the deteriorating health of younger cohorts, but circumstantial evidence points to worsening trends in obesity and diabetes in both the US and UK. Remember that cohort trends reflect lagged effects of early environments, and younger generations have faced both earlier onset and more severe obesity across their lifetimes. Despite these very concerning trends, the future is not set in stone. We’ve reversed poor generational health trends before: drops in smoking are a major reason cancer and heart disease deaths fell so dramatically in recent decades. GLP-1 drugs may finally turn the tide against rising rates of obesity and diabetes, though it is still early days. But things could also get worse…for example from a return to higher levels of childhood infectious diseases that can have a lasting impact on health. See for example: [ ](https://jenndowd.substack.com/p/dont-you-forget-about-measles-the) [ Don’t You Forget About Me(asles): The Virus That Erases Immune Memory ](https://jenndowd.substack.com/p/dont-you-forget-about-measles-the) Jenn Dowd, PhD · March 24, 2025 [ Read full story ](https://jenndowd.substack.com/p/dont-you-forget-about-measles-the) Even as an optimist, emerging data on the “generational health drift” has my full attention. For most of my research career, we took it for granted that each generation would be healthier than the last. But if present trends continue, **50 could be the new 60….**and Gen Z celebrities will soon look older than Paul Rudd :). Stay well, Jenn Share the Health! If you found this post useful, please share it with a friend. Share
Pens Points: Preseason Positives
Back on PPG Paints Arena ice for the first time since April, the Pittsburgh Penguins opened their preseason slate with a 4-1 victory over the Buffalo Sabres. Sergei Murashov got the nod in goal and pitched a shutout, stopping 13 shots, in his 30 minutes of action before Joel Blomqvist took over. Connor Dewar, Bryan […]
Former New Orleans RTA executive may get second shot as finalist for CEO
A former Regional Transit Authority executive who last month was knocked out of consideration in the agency's search for a new CEO is in line to get a second shot
Mixed martial arts -- without the wire cage and the blood -- bids to make the Olympics
Mixed martial arts could be coming to the Olympics — but it's a long shot
Belton holds public hearing on $250 million in tax breaks for entertainment district
Belton City Council is holding a public hearing Tuesday regarding its major Uptown Development District, for the issuance of $250 million in tax breaks to fund the project over a 20-year period.
Dealroom.co | Anthropic pours A$10M more into Australian science, lifting total to A$13M
What's the deal? Anthropic is adding A$10 million in Claude API…
‘Diary of a Black Girl’: the politics of code-switching
As a Black girl growing up in a predominantly white space, it is common to hear phrases such as “Why
Phoenix Suns 2026-27 Player Profile: Koby Brea
The former Kentucky marksman enters a pivotal developmental year on a two-way deal, battling defensive concerns and limited shot creation to secure his long-term future in Phoenix.
‘Springfield is safe’; Downtown business owners address safety concerns after Saturday morning shooting
SPRINGFIELD, Mo. — Downtown business owner Jamie Logan said that if he had been asked a few years ago how he felt about downtown Springfield’s safety, he would have a much different answer th…
Poetic Science in Plato's "Timaeus" ~ The Imaginative Conservative
What happens when one mixes science and poetry in the way that Timaeus does? What can we learn from this strange mix? My intention is to place before us some important themes that connect poetry and science. She was the single
6 Insights We're Learning from Sleep Research That Could Change How You Age
Sleep isn’t just a time for rest. Growing evidence suggests it may be one of the most powerful factors influencing how well we age, affecting everything from brain health and memory to hospital recovery and long-term independence. For more than two decades, Dr. Katie Stone, a sleep researcher Sutter Health Research Institute, has helped advance […]
CDC’s teen behavior report focuses on nutrition, downplays sex and substance use
The survey, which offers a snapshot of teen health, found more high schoolers in 2025 ate fruits and vegetables daily and drank water at least three times per day compared with 2023.
Most Oklahoma mental health employees affected by privatization have employment offers
As the state’s mental health department works to privatize four mental health clinics, nearly all of the state employees affected have already been offered alternative employment.
Demolition phase of Central Warehouse project starts Monday night, officials say
“This is the moment we’ve been waiting for," Albany County Executive Dan McCoy said.
City of Albuquerque, partners to host Small Business Resource Fair
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. (KRQE) – The City of Albuquerque’s Small Business Office, Job Training Albuquerque, and SCORE are teaming up to host a Small Business Resource Fair connecting entrepreneurs with m…
Small Business Using AI are Hiring Faster - Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council
By Rieva Lesonsky – A report from Gusto by Nich Tremper and Tom Bowen found that small businesses increasingly use AI to build and grow their companies. Almost two-thirds of startups used AI to make their launch easier. Small businesses are using AI to increase productivity and grow revenue. And companies that embraced the technology […]
Dealroom.co | Open science platform ODC-SCI lands $3M to fight research waste
What's the deal? The Open Data Commons for Spinal Cord Injury (O…
Michigan Sen. Gary Peters to lead USC political center. What he'll do
U.S. Sen. Gary Peters will co-lead the Center for the Political Future at USC after his Senate term ends in 2027.
The TASK#STOMP Windows backdoor takes Wi-Fi passwords, screenshots, and business files
The TASK#STOMP backdoor steals office documents on Windows PCs, grabs new files as they're saved, and can rebuild itself if partly removed.
Mystique’s Lesbian Relationship Reportedly Cut From Middle East Release of ‘Wolverine’
Screenshots and video circulating on social media show that some versions of the game awkwardly cut out any reference to the shapeshifter’s queerness.
Fan photos from home win against Sturm online
Free download of all the snapshotsWhat a night of football at the Red Bull Arena - together, we kept our home winning run alive with a statement success against Sturm Graz! There was plenty of action ...
AI, data centers and tech money take center stage in rematch for 4th Congressional District
Democrat Val Hoyle is in a rematch with Republican retired Air Force Colonel Monique DeSpain, in the race to represent Oregon’s 4th Congressional District. This time around, however, candidates are facing voters' worries about artificial intelligence.
PPG appoints Alex Lopez vice president, investor relations, operational finance
PPG (NYSE: PPG) today announced that Alex Lopez, currently PPG director, investor relations, has been appointed PPG vice president, investor relations and operational finance, effective Oct. 1. Lopez will continue to report to Jamie Beggs, PPG senior vice president and chief financial officer. Alex Lopez has been appointed PPG vice president, investor relations and operational finance. In this expanded role, Lopez will continue to lead investor relations while assuming responsibility for enterprise operational finance, with a focus on strengthening capital discipline, productivity governance and operational finance effectiveness. Lopez has held a variety of finance roles of increasing responsibility during his 20 years with PPG, including business-specific finance leadership as well as corporate roles. Prior to assuming the investor relations role in 2024, Lopez served as global finance director, Automotive OEM Coatings. He also supported the growth of PPG Comex when he relocated to
News | Hotel-convention host Manchester at forefront of radical changes in U.K. politics
Parliamentary lawmakers on Oct. 12 to discuss rejoining European Union.
Fort Bliss celebrates Oktoberfest weekend
EL PASO, Texas (KVIA) -- Fort Bliss brought a taste of Germany to the Borderland over the weekend with its annual Oktoberfest celebration at Biggs Park. Monica Thomas, marketing manager for Fort Bliss MWR, joined us on the Noon show ahead of the three-day celebration to discuss what visitors could expect. The event featured German
Silent Hill: Townfall Can't Match the Stellar Reviews of 2025's Silent Hill f
Critics love the atmosphere and storytelling, are less impressed by the gameplay
Pandemic Agreement Negotiator Warns Against Losing Momentum
As countries continue negotiating the unfinished WHO Pandemic Agreement, one of the original accord's architects warns that delays could put the process
Q&A: How AI can expand mental health support beyond the clinic
USC’s John Blosnich tells how AI finds opportunities for mental health support in “industries of disruption” — places people turn to during difficult moments.
The Otters are headed to the championship series
EVANSVILLE, Ind. (WEHT) – It took all five games, but the Otters finally moved past the Washington Wild Things and win the conference finals three games to two. Sunday was a must win for the Evansville and they won it 9-6. Logan Brown started things with a solo shot in the 2nd and then the […]
From Malaysia to the world: A pioneering science communicator reimagines global science communication for a digital age
y 2024, I was exhausted. For more than a decade, I had carried The Petri Dish through the realities of running a niche science publication in Malaysia.
Several politicians changing stance on AI, data centers
Some Democrats whose names have been brought up as potential 2028 presidential candidates are now moving to regulate AI.
Science Snapshots: September 20, 2026
Explore groundbreaking discoveries on North Korea's nuclear impact, amoebic evolution, and the health benefits of regular exercise.
Israeli settler shot dead in West Bank before Yom Kippur
Israeli civilian shot dead in West Bank as tensions rise; Iran's foreign minister heads to UN via Qatar, and CIA chief visits Egypt.
'GTA 6' Release Date Triggers Mass Leave Requests and HR Pushback
Australians are already booking annual leave for GTA VI, with some taking the entire launch week off to play Rockstar's biggest franchise.
Rising gas prices squeeze small business budgets in North County
Rising gas prices are squeezing the wallets of small businesses throughout North County, and some food truck owners say they are bearing the brunt of higher fuel costs.
H-E-B competition gives tiny Texas border town BBQ business a big shot
A family-owned Rio Grande Valley seasoning company is among 10 finalists in H-E-B's Quest for Texas Best contest.
Closures on I-70 in Wheat Ridge causes detours and impacts local businesses
Local businesses say I-70 construction in Wheat Ridge is having a negative impact with another weekend of work slated for Sept. 25 through Sept. 29.
Florida voters won’t see a debate between Jolly and Donalds
Is the debate dead in Florida?
'Resident Evil' tops box office with franchise best debut of $60 million
Zach Cregger’s “Resident Evil” gave the North American box office a shot in the arm in its first weekend in theaters. The Sony Pictures release earned $60 million in ticket sales from 3,684 locations in the U.S. and Canada, according to studio estimates Sunday. That’s a best for the video…
Made in Tarrant: Firm keeps small businesses organized
Anexus CFO provides financial management and other services to small businesses.
Knoxville shoppers support small businesses across the country at Vintage Market Days
Vintage Market Days of Knoxville returned to the Expo Center for three days of the community supporting small businesses and nonprofit organizations.
Fulham 1-1 Man Utd: What Arbeloa said
This is just the fourth time that Fulham have failed to win any of their opening five games in a top-flight campaign (with 1951-52, 2011-12 and 2020-21), while they have been relegated in two of the previous three (51-52 and 20-21). There were 26 shots in the first half of this match between Fulham (nine) and Manchester United (17), the most in the opening half of a Premier League game with no goals scored on record (since 2003-04).
Reporting From Alaska- Sullivan injects Fairbanks Memorial Hospital into partisan politics
HOSPITAL CAMPAIGN: The tiny print on some new ads for Sen. Dan Sullivan featuring numerous shots of Fairbanks Memorial Hospital, says that Steve Frank is not speaking for the hospital foundation when he speaks about the hospital. But most people won’t read or notice the fine print. Frank is the tr
Late Cunha equaliser denies Fulham first win of the season
Matheus Cunha’s late deflected equaliser rescued a point for Manchester United and denied Fulham a first Premier League victory of the season at Craven Cottage.The first half produced 26 shots but n...
The Santa Barbara Botanic Garden is Burning Plants
Meet the new fire scientist finding native species that withstand flames.
Octavia Spencer's Hit Summer Series Canceled After Just 1 Season - But Studio Could Bring It Elsewhere for...
"Prime Video has shot itself in the foot so many times, I can barely believe they're even standing," said one fan.
Dealroom.co | Terra Behavioral Health makes first acquisition, buying California's Latitude Recovery
What's the deal? Temecula, California-based Terra Behavioral Hea…
Shotgun-wielding duo robs South Side business as it closes; cops hunting suspects
Police are searching for two men after a robbery at a business on the South Side.
Shotgun-wielding duo robs South Side business as it closes; cops hunting suspects
Police are searching for two men after a robbery at a business on the South Side.
For Your Health
Dementia touches many lives — in many different ways. And most of us likely have some firsthand experience with it, whether it’s with an aging family member or friend or neighbor. …
Wolverine developer Insomniac denies using generative AI after fans spot strange restroom sign
Insomniac denies using generative AI on Marvel's Wolverine after fans spotted a strange bathroom sign, blaming a "UV map bug" instead.
Dealroom.co | Great Hill Partners: middle-market growth buyouts across software, financial services, healthcare, consumer and business services
What's the deal?Great Hill Partners is a Boston- and London-base…
Can Democrats flip House seat in SC? Navy official fired by Hegseth faces Charleston councilwoman.
Democrats think they have a shot at picking up South Carolina’s 1st Congressional District in the Lowcountry after two straight thumpings from retiring U.S. Rep. Nancy Mace.
AI 'warning shots' focus Beijing on national security risks
While AI researchers in the United States fret over out-of-control superintelligence wiping out humanity, Chinese policymakers have until now been more focused on immediate risks, from deepfakes to child safety.
Dealroom.co | Veritas Capital acquires Coronis Health RCM platform
What's the deal? In July 2022, Veritas Capital acquired Coronis…
Lake City hosts Crossroads Music and Market Festival with live music, food and family fun
Downtown Lake City turned into a hub of music, food and family fun Saturday as the Lake City held its annual Crossroads Music and Market Festival.
Bikini barista shop coming to Sulphur despite pushback
A bikini barista shop is coming soon to Sulphur, but the store’s owners are already facing pushback from the local community. Married couple Kloey and Hunter Machulski expect to begin […]
Body camera video released of fatal Phoenix shooting of 20-year-old man in mental health crisis
Phoenix police released body-camera footage showing a fatal encounter with a 20-year-old man whose family says was experiencing a mental health crisis.
Oglebay Park food truck festival draws vendors, activities and entertainment for families
Nonprofit transforms bookstore into charity closet to raise money for mental health awareness
Seven Stories Bookstore in Shawnee was transformed into a charity closet for the day Saturday, with customers shopping racks of donated clothing to raise money for mental health awareness.
Analysis: Glasner left with food for thought
There will be plenty to ponder for Nottingham Forest boss Oliver Glasner after this result. Forest's 24 shots today were their second most in a Premier League match since they returned to the top flight in 2022. Similarly, only Pascal Gross (15) has created more chances in the league this season than Nottingham Forest's Morgan Gibbs-White (14).
Three Cuban women, three businesses, one dream: How they’re building their future in Miami
They arrived in Miami by different paths. Now they’re turning what they know and love — pole dancing, tennis and skin care — into businesses and a shot at the American dream.
Beyond the Headlines: Don Davis discusses health care, rural needs and District 1 race
U.S. Rep. Don Davis sat down with News 12 for a wide-ranging Beyond the Headlines interview about issues affecting North Carolina's 1st Congressional District a
Boone Memorial Health Recovery Walk offers hope for overcoming addiction
MADISON, W.Va. (WOWK) – Boone Memorial Health hosted a Recovery Walk Friday night to remind people struggling with addiction that there is always hope. Brianna Ferrell, a mother in recovery, …
MRN BUSINESS SPOTLIGHT: Edward Jones
When was the last time you gave your 401(k) a maintenance check? Did you know that was even a thing? Better yet, did you know that service is free? On the Business Spotlight, brought to you by The Bank of Springfield, Brittany Boll is joined by Edward Jones financial advisors Brandon VanCamp and Alicia Rollins...
Science program elimination at Southeastern Voc Tech sparks backlash
Natural life sciences students and alumni crowded a September school board meeting to passionately defend the value of the shop.
Letter to editor: When health insurance says no, Ohioans deserve help
Nobody should do everything right and still be denied the health care they were promised. Yet that is exactly what is happening every day across Ohio. ...
Manteca mayor, business owner charged in misdemeanor election law violations
(FOX40.COM) — Manteca Mayor Gurminder “Gary” Singh and business owner Matthew Alexander are facing misdemeanor election law charges, the San Joaquin County District Attorney’s Off…
How She Leads 2026
Read the 2026 How She Leads, a supplement of The Business Journal! CLICK HERE to read the supplement!
Health Official urge testing after confirmed tuberculosis case at Hartsville High School
Final Fantasy 7 Revelation Director Warns of 200GB Install Size for Remake Trilogy's Final Chapter
Final Fantasy 7 Revelation will require around 200GB of storage when it launches next year, director Naoki Hamaguchi has warned.
Evolution Dental Science opens new facility
BUFFALO, N.Y. (WIVB) — Evolution Dental Science held a ribbon cutting ceremony for their new dental lab Friday on Essjay Road, a facility that the business says will support local job creatio…
Louisville Democrat McGarvey seeks House leadership position
U.S. Rep. Morgan McGarvey seeks Democratic leadership position to represent House Democrats with five terms or fewer in Congress.
Revel Entertainment breaks ground on new outdoor amphitheater
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. (KRQE) – A new large entertainment venue is one step closer to reality in northeast Albuquerque. Revel Entertainment broke ground on its outdoor amphitheater on Friday. The venue …
David Jolly launches multimillion-dollar ad buy statewide
A senior advisor says the 'team is being efficient with our time and money to get David’s change agenda out to voters.'
From 22,000 Miles Up, This Satellite Tracks Airborne Health Threats Almost in Real Time
The new instrument, called TEMPO, captures hourly snapshots of the pollutants swirling in the daytime atmosphere over North America—“chemical weather” reports that are helpful to public health researchers and government officials
Arkansas Department of Health offering no-charge flu vaccinations in communities
The Arkansas Department of Health is scheduled to begin offering free community flu vaccine clinics across all 75 counties starting Sept. 21.
Interview: Bishop Olson on the ‘racist and sinful rhetoric’ of a Texas politician
Bishop Olson responded to Bo French: “This is racist and sinful rhetoric that seeks to harm and to divide. It is disturbing that it comes from a candidate for public office. An apology is called for.”
Martin County health officials warn of harmful algae near Lake Okeechobee
Health officials issued a blue-green algae alert for part of Lake Okeechobee after Sept. 15 samples found harmful toxins. Avoid visible blooms.
Indianapolis still being eyed for MLS team, but with new stadium location
City officials met with MLS executives last week in New York City, during which Indianapolis Mayor Joe Hogsett pitched an undisclosed site near Lucas Oil Stadium for a soccer-specific venue.
5 things to know in life sciences: Week of Sept. 14, 2026
FDA launches pilot to accelerate early-stage drug development. This and more in this week’s life sciences update.
Wenger Corporation Launches GearBoss® Sports Rigging for Sports and Entertainment Venues
OWATONNA, MINN. | Serving arenas, stadiums, universities and other large-scale venues with specialized rigging solutions for increasingly complex environments.
Engrams Embedding Entendre: Codesign for Efficient DRAM/SSD Offloading
Engram extends standard token embeddings with learned multi-token lookups. Recurring local patterns retrieve vectors directly, reducing the need to reconstruct them through attention and feed-forward layers. With Engram model architecture optimization, it allows for lower HBM capacity to be needed for models at the same quality. This does not mean there won’t be an insane demand for HBM but it just means that model architecture will continue to innovate around constraints. This model architecture design is naturally codesigned for parameter offloading: each token accesses a few embedding rows whose addresses depend on token IDs, not hidden states. The runtime can prefetch those rows from host DRAM while earlier layers compute, keeping the table outside HBM without transferring entire weight matrices. Our Memory model contains our latest estimates of quarter by quarter HBM, DRAM, & NAND supply and demand. Offloading frees HBM for model weights and KV cache, potentially supporting larger batches or more concurrent sessions. When DRAM becomes the next constraint, NVMe offers another tier. Recommendation systems already cache frequently or recently accessed embedding rows in faster memory while backing colder rows with SSDs. After NVIDIA roadmap had to change due to massively despec’ing Rubin Ultra from 1024GB to now ~200GB of HBM per chip, model architecture optimizations like emgram maybe helpful. Our DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash configuration uses roughly 189 GiB of memory for Engram. We replace it with a memory-mapped (mmap) file and measure serving performance with offload to SSD. Later on in our report, we will show our Engram offloading experiments along with the official InferenceX agentic inference serving results on Engram models like DeepSeekv4.1 Flash across all 6 NVIDIA GPU SKUs along with MI355X. Unsurprisingly, the CUDA Moat is still mogging MI355X on the ultra popular DeepSeekV4.1 Flash model. We also show how even on high capacity HBM SKUs, offloading emgrams to DRAM could result in even better performance for most of the pareto than keeping the emgram in HBM. Our benchmark has been widely reproduced, validated and/or supported by almost every major buyer of compute from Google Cloud to Microsoft Azure to Oracle, to Meta and many more. Furthermore, it has the support of the ML community including from vLLM, LMCache, SGLang, PyTorch, Huggingface and the support of major labs like OpenAI, MiniMax, ZAI, Qwen, Moonshot Kimi, etc. Star the InferenceX GitHub repository if you find the open-source benchmark and data useful!. InferenceX is the only inference benchmark in the world to have TPUv7, Jalapeño, Nvidia Rubin NVL72, AMD, and soon, SambaNova and Trainium. Due to how realistic AgentX scenario is to real world agentic inference workloads, AMD has committed to collaborating on MI455X UALoE72 too. DeepSeek did not release the original paper’s two trained Engram models. We replicated its setup on fineweb-edu using the released code and training hyperparameters, at an estimated 6E18 FLOPs per run. We observed the same U-shape scaling: Engram improved performance over pure MoE baselines. We also reproduced DeepSeek’s results, where earlier-layer representations with Engram resembled those of later layers. Like the original Engram paper, it is possible to probe Engram’s gate scores to see what n-grams DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash makes the most use of. Our gate scan finds names, code fragments, relational phrasing, and boilerplate. These examples prioritize interesting-ness over gate strength. One unexpected result was Wright : Ace Attorney. These examples suggest learned memory optimizes the training objective, not a judgment of which facts deserve storage. Licenses, bibliography fragments, API scaffolding, and website furniture can provide prediction shortcuts, so the value of additional Engram capacity may depend on what survives data preparation. This does not show that table capacity is “wasted”: the evaluation-corpus scan establishes neither training exposure nor the capacity occupied by each category. For offloading, strong gates do not identify cache-hot rows. Low gates do not automatically save reads either: computing the gate requires the retrieved key and undoes the performance gain of a fused kernel. Skipping reads would require a separate usefulness predictor before retrieval. In the original paper’s inference-time ablation, factual-knowledge benchmarks retained just 29–44% of their original performance, while reading comprehension retained 81–93%. This is due to the training–inference mismatch. The resulting degradation therefore measures this trained model’s dependence on Engram, not the performance difference between models trained with and without it. In our ablations, suppressing Engram worsens token likelihood across all evaluated domains, especially encyclopedia text and several code corpora. Surprisingly, GSM8K accuracy stays within measured run-to-run variation and removing Engram has no effect. Engram is not a detachable dictionary beside an unchanged MoE. Removing it changes downstream features and expert selection. We tested whether rerouting hurts or compensates by holding tokens fixed in a teacher-forced experiment on CRUXEval, a code-reasoning benchmark of small Python functions where the model predicts a function’s output from its code and an input, and scoring the reference answer. Removing Engram raised answer loss from 0.2848 to 0.3093 bits/token. Forcing the ablated model to use the original Engram-on expert choices made it worse still, at 0.3375 bits/token. Rerouting partially compensates for the missing memory. Memory features and expert selection work together, rather than following a clean “memory stores facts; experts reason” division. On the same CRUXeval, removing Engram during either phase reduced accuracy and increased generated tokens; removing it throughout produced the largest changes. Keeping Engram for prefill leads to more correct answers than keeping for decode likely due to semantically richer KV cache transferred to decode workers, allowing it to mitigate some of the performance loss. Engram’s table is large, but each lookup is small. DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash requests 24 rows at each of two Engram layers, about 12.4 KiB per processed token position across the model, or 3.1 KiB per GPU when split across four GPUs. Currently as of Day 7 since Model Release, MI355X is still 2-4x worse performance per dollar compared to B200 even when normalized by Mi355X’s lower TCO. Our full total cost of ownership breakdown comes from our AI Cloud TCO Model along with monthly market surveys of over 100+ gpu clouds & gpu cloud customers. On the Day 0 release of DeepSeekv4.1 Flash, NVIDIA vLLM works out of the box with zero issues across all 6 SKUs: H100, H200, B200, B300, GB200, GB300! This was thanks to the amazing work by the NVIDIA & Interact teams! In comparison, AMD vLLM did not work on day 0 for DeepSeekv4.1 Flash.Source: SemiAnalysis InferenceX AMD’s vLLM documentation points to using vllm/vllm-openai-rocm:deepseekv41-flash-0909, but from hour 0 of the model release to hour 23, AMD has not publicly released the image. AMD claims, “SPEED IS THE MOAT,” yet it has still not released it by the 23rd hour. We wish that, going forward, the AMD team has a better process for hour 0 model releases. Eventually when they did publicly release for “day 0” image support, performance-wise, it is currently up to 14.8x worse perf per dollar than H200 and up to 42x worse perf per dollar than B200/B300. The power of the CUDA MOAT is NVIDIA’s collaboration with its massive 6 million-developer community ecosystem including most of the vLLM & SGLang & Tokenspeed maintainers which means that CUDA is optimized on day 0. Overall, AMD did make significant improvements but the performance per dollar is still currently 2-4x worse than B200. AgentX Engram DRAM Offloading Improving Performance The HBM and DRAM offload use the same GPU kernel to select and dequantize rows. With HBM, it reads GPU memory; with Unified Virtual Addressing (UVA), it reads pinned host memory directly. Both support full decode graphs. Moving the table into HBM accelerates only the sparse lookup, leaving decoder computation and communication unchanged, resulting in little overall benefit while consuming memory otherwise available to KV cache. Another benefit of Engram offloaded to DRAM which means you can reduce the communication overhead by using less HBM GPUs per replica. For example, when enabling Engram offloading on B300, we are able to switch from TP4 to now TP2 which improves the pareto curve by up to 1.6x. When iso-model quality, less HBM is required as the engrams could be offloaded to host DRAM. Thus HBM bandwidth matters way more than HBM capacity. For inference workloads where memory bandwidth matters the most, 4-hi HBM provides the best $/bandwidth and therefore lowest cost per token. If China continues to make more and more revolutionary model architecture innovations, soon it could potentially 0Hi HBM stacks. [ ](https://newsletter.semianalysis.com/p/long-live-the-short-king-why-4-hi) [ Long Live the Short King: Why 4-hi HBM Wins ](https://newsletter.semianalysis.com/p/long-live-the-short-king-why-4-hi) Myron Xie, Bryan Shan, and 3 others · Sep 13 [ Read full story ](https://newsletter.semianalysis.com/p/long-live-the-short-king-why-4-hi) Moreover, on B300 and week-0 stack, moving the Engram table back to HBM did not improve results and stay within run-to-run variance. This is a result of the work optimizing DRAM offload, such as async, and overlap. SSD Offloading On B200, we created a unoptimized vLLM fork and stored the Engram tables in memory-mapped files on local SSDs. File backing lets the OS reclaim table pages when other applications need RAM. Pages already cached in memory can be served without reading the SSD again. Furthermore, note that we were unable to turn on GDS The unoptimized SSD implementation changes how rows reach the GPU. It copies row IDs to the CPU, deduplicates them, gathers the requested rows into pinned buffers, copies those rows back to the GPU and dequantizes them. This work runs between segments of the GPU execution graph. Native UVA performs row selection and dequantization directly on the GPU, avoiding the CPU round trip. A warm filesystem cache removes physical SSD reads, but leaves the coordination, row gathering and transfers. This is why a file already cached in RAM can still perform worse than a pinned DRAM table. The comparison measures the whole serving path; it does not separate the time spent on each of these operations. B200 DRAM dominates both measured SSD serving curves in total tokens per dollar and P90 interactivity. Near 125 tokens/s/user, DRAM delivers 121 million total tokens per dollar versus 52 million for SSD. For production serving, SSD offloading is likely not worth the tradeoff. On the B200 configurations we measured, SSD offloading loses on both measures: every observed SSD point has a DRAM alternative that delivers higher P90 interactivity and more total tokens per dollar. The only points where Cheaper storage does not automatically produce a cheaper inference service. Moving Engram to SSD leaves the same four expensive GPUs and the rest of the server in place. Reclaiming RAM only creates an economic benefit if it enables a cheaper server configuration or additional useful capacity. The current unoptimized path provides neither benefit, and the filesystem cache still consumes RAM when table pages are resident. Next we will look at the mechanisms and specific implementation of ngrams from DeepSeekv4.1 Flash, LongCat, Qwen3.8 Flash Next.
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