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Coffee doesn’t have to keep you awake to disrupt your sleep
Caffeine may make sleep less restorative even when you fall asleep normally and stay in bed for eight hours, with EEG recordings revealing fewer of the slow brain waves associated with deep sleep. Individual sensitivity varies dramatically, meaning even caffeine consumed earlier in the day could affect nighttime recovery for some people.
Humpback whale mother may have mourned her dead calf for days
Researchers observed a humpback whale mother staying beside her presumed stillborn calf for hours and possibly days off Australia’s Gold Coast. She maintained eye contact and remained close to the calf in behavior resembling caregiving and nurturing. Scientists say the rare observation may provide new insight into grief, maternal attachment, and emotional complexity in humpback whales.
Inter Not Getting Much Contribution from EPL Signings
Inter based their summer strategy on bringing in players from the Premier League to try to get closer to those powerhouses in Europe, but the early returns have been paltry at best. Only Curtis Jones ...
Wave Life Sciences Appoints Monika Vnuk as Chief Business Officer
Wave Life Sciences appoints Monika Vnuk, MD, as Chief Business Officer to lead business and corporate development efforts.Quiver AI SummaryWave Life Sciences Ltd. announced the appointment of Dr. Monika Vnuk as Chief Business Officer, bringing extensive experience from her previous roles at Sanofi, Blackstone, and Pfizer. In her new role, Dr. Vnuk will oversee business and corporate development, as well as alliance management, aimed at advancing
HealtHIE Nevada and b.well Connected Health Launch HealthRecords Nevada to Bring Statewide Health Information Directly to Consumers
/PRNewswire/ -- HealtHIE Nevada, Nevada's statewide nonprofit health information exchange and trusted infrastructure for secure health data exchange, and...
Summer spending put Alonso in 'impossible position'
Chelsea's Xabi Alonso as well as Roberto de Zerbi of Tottenham are in an "impossible position" this season, believes The Observer's Rory Smith. The managers took charge of their clubs in the spring and oversaw a lot of activity in the transfer window, with Chelsea and Spurs ending the summer as the second and third-highest spenders respectively. Smith says the changes to their squads is why Alonso and De Zerbi need time to build coherence in their sides.
Saudi Arabia restarts East-West oil pipeline, to resume exports from Yanbu, sources say
Saudi Arabia has restarted operations at its East-West Pipeline and could resume exports from the Red Sea port of Yanbu later on Tuesday, three sources briefed on the matter said.
Is Roberto De Zerbi Misusing Mateus Fernandes For Tottenham?
Mateus Fernandes has struggled to make an impact for Tottenham Hotspur since joining from West Ham in the summer.
How lip-syncing to AI let Forced Entertainment ‘play the game of theatre’
Today we have a fascinating piece by long-time Forced Entertainment fan Ben Kulvichit, speaking to Tim Etchells about their latest show Cold Sweat, how they are integrating lip-sync and AI voices into their work, the question of ‘authenticity’ on stage, and how lip-sync has even opened the door for them to make “something a little bit like drama”. This piece is a paid partnership with the Southbank Centre, where you can see Cold Sweat next month – we’re very grateful to the Southbank Centre for their ongoing support for Exeunt. Holly Williams ‘It was immediately interesting and uncanny’ **By Ben Kulvichit** “Is the microphone on?” So goes one of the opening lines of Signal to Noise, delivered by a human performer lip-syncing to an AI-generated voice. The voice is American, cheery but sluggish, slowed down into a gelatinous drawl. It repeats ad infinitum in a farce of stuckness; an answer never materialises. I find myself asking the same question as I hop on a Google Meet call with Tim Etchells, the artistic director of Forced Entertainment. We spend five or ten minutes frowning at each other, muting and unmuting, me gesticulating in semaphore into my webcam, checking if I am coming through now, restarting the laptop. To Etchells, I appear exaggeratedly mouthing words, my voice missing. In this gloopy purgatory of broken communication, life imitates art imitates life imitates art. We try a Zoom instead. Forced Entertainment, the pioneering British theatre company who have been at the avant-garde of performance since the 1980s, turned an interesting artistic corner with Signal to Noise, created on the occasion of their 40th anniversary. The whole performance employed this lip-sync technique to AI voices; on the face of it a left-field move from a company whose identity has long been grounded in the earthy, immediate presences of its performers and its unassuming, low-tech approach to theatricality. The technique, however, turned out to provide the company with a “rich new seam” of artistic enquiry, and has now spawned a trilogy of works. The second instalment, Cold Sweat, plays at Sheffield Theatres, Southbank Centre, and Lancaster Arts in October, while the third part, Everything Must Go, has been touring in Europe and is slated to come to the UK in 2027. As is often the case with Forced Entertainment shows, the main conceit for this work didn’t arrive until quite late. They were “four or five weeks into rehearsals for Signal to Noise,” Etchells recalls, and getting nowhere. Away from rehearsals, he had been playing around with feeding “weird texts” to AI voices to see how they would cope with them – “basically for my own amusement” – and was compelled by the uniformly “serviceable, benign, good-natured” tone they would read in, no matter how poetic, fractured or experimental the writing. On a hunch, he brought some examples into rehearsals and the performers gave lip-syncing a go. “It was immediately interesting and uncanny,” he recalls, with the performers having to deal in the moment with the problem of mapping themselves onto another artificial ‘performer,’ which itself was dealing with the problem of a very human text. “Almost all the writing for these projects would be useless to us unless it was done in this way,” says Etchells. “We wouldn’t know what to do with it. It’s too poetic. It’s too fictional. It’s too tangled.” But exploring lip-syncing along to the text has opened “an enormous reservoir of ways of thinking about writing and performing.” Subscribe to Exeunt, and get two in-depth pieces on theatre a week, direct to your inbox Subscribe Forced Entertainment have long been sifting through the detritus of popular culture, from daytime TV to end-of-the-pier vaudeville, magic acts and clown shows, to find frameworks for their own unusual entertainments. Lip-syncing, then, makes sense for them to experiment with. As a mode of performance, it’s wired into popular consciousness through pop stars trying to convince stadium audiences of their liveness, or those same voices as channeled through the made-up lips of contestants on RuPaul’s Drag Race, or movie dialogue spreading virally through the host bodies of TikTok users. For Etchells, lip-syncing is often about “approaching real voices and trying to take on their aura,” subsuming that original human presence into yours. “There’s a very basic, elemental sort of theatre magic to it, produced in this very easy way.” This broad approach resonates with instances of lip-syncing within contemporary performance, too. In works like Re-Member Me and Showmanism, performance artist Dickie Beau acts as a kind of spirit medium for archival recordings (this process of re-membering – as in, giving corporeal form to voices – relies on his masterfully precise actor’s technique), while Frankie Thompson is similarly possessed by a host of characters ranging from a nine-year-old Jacob Rees-Mogg to Cliff Richards, all of whom she finds compellingly nauseating, in the exorcism ritual that is her latest show, Horrible Things. What’s different about Forced Entertainment’s use of lip-syncing is that here, there is no original presence to be channeled. The performers are instead taking on what Etchells describes as “the voices of nobody,” or rather the “phantasmic, aggregated echoes” of the many many voices on whose data the AI has been trained, and which are now conjuring into existence words they never actually said. There is a sort of mournful, empty quality to these voices, having “washed up” far away from the people they originally belonged to, to find themselves in stranger’s mouths listing objects, wondering if anyone can hear them and glitching in interminable loops. There is a cold, sad anonymity to it all. Etchells remarks that occasionally the software company he used has notified him that particular people are withdrawing their voices from the platform, instructing him to cease use of those voices. Using these technologies in performance certainly brings up ethical questions around digital rights, consent, identity and ownership, although in the grand scheme of things, Etchells is fairly blasé about it: of all the purposes someone’s voice might be put to without their knowledge, “an avant-garde performance is probably the least of their worries.” [ ](https://exeuntmagazine.substack.com/p/frankie-thompson-horrible-things-essay-mental-health-compulsive-behaviours-pleasance-courtyard-soho-theatre) [ Frankie Thompson: How I manage my own ‘horrible things’ at the Edinburgh Fringe ](https://exeuntmagazine.substack.com/p/frankie-thompson-horrible-things-essay-mental-health-compulsive-behaviours-pleasance-courtyard-soho-theatre) Exeunt · Aug 25 [ Read full story ](https://exeuntmagazine.substack.com/p/frankie-thompson-horrible-things-essay-mental-health-compulsive-behaviours-pleasance-courtyard-soho-theatre) For the performers, though, lip-syncing to these strange, artificial voices is an odd task, requiring them to bend their live, human presence into the shapes produced by machines. Politically, it mirrors processes that are already at play in the continued computational automation of human life. Etchells brings up James Bridle’s writings on new technologies as a reference point: one example Bridle gives is of “chaotic storage”, a logistics technique employed by Amazon fulfilment centres whereby items are stored not according to traditional methods of categorisation or alphabetisation, but in a way that an algorithm determines to produce the most efficient routes for ‘picking’ based on customer purchase patterns. This appears completely random and incomprehensible to humans, with paddling pools sitting next to USB sticks sitting next to blowtorches, and so for the warehouse workers, the process of picking items becomes completely reliant on technology which tells them where to go. Our world is increasingly being designed not with humans in mind, but rather machines. As Etchells puts it, “technology malforms the space, and then you end up having to live in it.” Initially, Forced Entertainment tried their best to live in the world of machines: “I was in the it’s-got-to-be-perfect school of lip-sync,” says Etchells. But with their aesthetic being so tied to the failing act, the slipping mask, the shoddy costume, “it’s no surprise really that that didn’t last.” Instead, the performers got to enjoy being late for a line, or playing games with each other, “stealing” each other’s voices. Etchells compares it to the principles of ventriloquism, in which a free-floating voice unattached to a body is fundamentally discomforting and “sort of traumatic”. That discomfort is equally as alluring to Forced Entertainment as the satisfaction of precision, the pretence of authenticity only interesting if shown to be a pretence. Lip-sync has also opened up new avenues for the company. Having been allergic all their lives to Plays-with-a-capital-P, with Cold Sweat Forced Entertainment find themselves approaching something a little bit like drama. Rather than the presentational arena of Signal to Noise’s open white stage, Cold Sweat places us more decisively in a “fictional locale”: what appears to be “the aftermath of some disastrous party or backyard drinking binge” where three figures – family members, or neighbours, perhaps – are the last ones standing. “It’s all quite acrimonious and accusatory, everyone’s talking over each other.” For Etchells, this more fictional mode is “a door that we’ve never been able to open. We’ve just never really gone there.” Perhaps it is the technique of lip-syncing, an extra buffer of mediation, that allows them to venture away from the here-and-now without feeling that they have to commit to the “psychological claptrap” that comes along with acting; to be able to “play the game of theatre, without getting one’s hands too dirty.” As I wonder how else the impulses behind Forced Entertainment’s work have changed over time, it occurs to me that over the last ten years of new creations, with the exception of If All Else Fails, the company’s performers haven’t ever spoken on stage: there were two shows without any language at all, Out of Order and Under Bright Light, and then this trilogy of lip-sync works. Etchells agrees it’s a shift away from earlier productions, that were so often about “the actual voices of the performers and their actual presences. We had a lot of money, in some ways, on an authentic approach to what it might mean to speak on the stage.” But this sense of authentic presence itself had a fakeness to it; these days, Etchells can’t stand that mode of being onstage where performers “are here to be cheeky and witty versions of themselves. I don’t want to be charmed.” Pulling back into a more anonymous space has resulted in works that feel slightly sharper-edged, more brutal in a way. “All of these shows are post-Brexit, post-Trump, post-truth, post-everything,” Etchells notes. Speech, charisma, authenticity – these things feel politically loaded, and perhaps warmth and openness just don’t feel like the right tools to reflect the world we’re living in. “It feels like the space is closing down, and we’re trying to deal with the fact that the system, the structure that you’re in, is more oppressive and more powerful. It probably always was, but I think we’re just more tuned to it now.” Yet even without their voices, the performers’ distinctive presences – ones that many audiences have followed around for years, if not decades – still, inevitably, shine through as they physically navigate whatever unending task the system of the piece has set for them. They’re still trying to keep up with the onslaught of text, still running about, changing costumes, moving stuff around. The human is always stuck in the teeth of the machine, jamming the smooth, frictionless cheeriness of the not-real, gesticulating silently, trying desperately to communicate. Cold Sweat is at Sheffield Theatres, 2 to 3 October; Southbank Centre, London, 9 to 10 October; Lancaster Arts, 14 October [ ](https://exeuntmagazine.substack.com/p/exeunt-recommends-the-best-autumn-theatre-2026-lives-of-others-standard-of-living-our-friends-in-the-north-lanny-) [ Exeunt recommends... the best autumn theatre ](https://exeuntmagazine.substack.com/p/exeunt-recommends-the-best-autumn-theatre-2026-lives-of-others-standard-of-living-our-friends-in-the-north-lanny-) Exeunt · Sep 16 [ Read full story ](https://exeuntmagazine.substack.com/p/exeunt-recommends-the-best-autumn-theatre-2026-lives-of-others-standard-of-living-our-friends-in-the-north-lanny-) This piece was paid for by the Southbank Centre. Such support helps Exeunt to keep publishing the most interesting writing, about the most exciting theatre. Interested in partnering with Exeunt? Visit our Advertise with Exeunt page, where you can get more information, download an advertising pack, and find our contact details.
York Beach businesses saw crowds — but a quieter summer at the register
York Beach businesses say summer spending dipped as visitors tightened budgets.
York Beach businesses saw crowds — but a quieter summer at the register
York Beach businesses say summer spending dipped as visitors tightened budgets.
Businesses ‘frozen out’ of Trump’s tariff channel with China
The private sector is largely in the dark about the Trump administration's plans for a "Board of Trade" to oversee reductions on billions of dollars worth of duties.
Inter ready to welcome Spence back after Tottenham move
Djed Spence hasn’t yet played for Inter since his move from Tottenham, but according to Gazzetta, the Englishman will be available when Serie A resumes in October.English defender Spence is preparin...
Juventus plans to sign €50m goalkeeper in the summer
Marco Carnesecchi has been on Juventus’ radar since he was on loan at Cremonese some years ago, and they are ready to make a significant investment to sign him at the end of this season.Luciano Spal...
CSU experts say rising heat will negatively impact academics this fall
Fort Collins just logged its warmest summer on record. Nighttime lows aren’t dropping the way they used to. And through most of September, nearly every day has landed above the historical average for the month. For Colorado State University students, that’s more than a matter of sweating through class; researchers say it could be shaping...
China’s Leader Xi Seeks to Extend Truce with Trump During U.S. Summit
Facing an American president constrained by war and politics, China’s leader may seek to lock in a tactical truce while he shores up a fragile economy at home.
Scientists found 9 new sea sponge species in Alaska
Two studies published this summer describe the new species, which were found in the Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Islands.
Santa Fe businesses report mixed results from summer tourism season
Randy Randall of Tourism Santa Fe said he wasn't disappointed considering the position of many other American tourism destinations.
Green policies just good politics, says UK minister
Transitioning to a low-carbon economy isn't just vital for the planet's future -- it's also good politics, according to Britain's climate minister, who argues the country's record-hot summer has galva...
Could healthcare price transparency lower costs? Mike Rogers thinks so
As healthcare costs grow ever higher, Michigan GOP US Senate candidate Mike Rogers argues that better consumer awareness of how much the services they need cost will help bring prices down.
Presley Gerber may have suffered overdose, cardiac arrest: dispatch audio
Presley Gerber may have suffered an overdose and gone into cardiac arrest when he died at a rehab facility on Sunday, according to audio of the call summoning first responders.
Juventus considering shock move for Inter’s Hakan Çalhanoğlu next summer
As reported by TuttoJuve.com, Juventus are considering making a move for Inter midfielder Hakan Çalhanoğlu next summer.The veteran Turk has started this season in goal-scoring form, having already n...
Raphinha's Great Start To The 2026/27 Season
Every fan who’s been following FC Barcelona during the past few seasons knows how important Raphinha has been to the team. Temporarily losing him due to injuries often meant a decline in the team’s performance, and he became widely respected among the Culers. After the summer break, he has seemingly ascended to another level, exceeding […] The post Raphinha’s Great Start To The 2026/27 Season appeared first on Stadium Rant.
Jaquet's performance against Bournemouth 'a step forward'
Defender Jeremy Jacquet's performance in Sunday's 1-0 win at Bournemouth was "a step forward" in his development, according to Liverpool boss Andoni Iraola. The 21-year-old centre-back was named player of the match against Iraola's former side after another assured display, completing his third full 90 minutes in a row in the Premier League. A five-year deal was agreed in January to sign Jacquet from Rennes this summer, but he suffered a shoulder injury soon afterwards that ruled him out of the rest of the campaign.
Trump decries Democrats as ‘communists,’ even as he looks to impress China’s communist leader
WASHINGTON (AP) — Communism, President Donald Trump says, is the greatest threat the U.S. has ever faced. This summer, citing similarly grave concerns, he took the rare step of delivering a primetime address to the nation, accusing China of “sinister election meddling” in 2020 and reviving his yearslong push to dispute his loss in that […]
Florida HC Jon Sumrall Shuts Down Ole Miss Hype Quickly
Despite a surprising betting line favoring the Gators, coach Jon Sumrall rejects the underdog narrative, demanding disciplined play to upset the playoff-tested Rebels in Gainesville this Saturday.
Houston high school football: Week 4 takeaways and top performers
Week 4 of the Houston high school football season produced several intriguing results, including high-scoring wins for Klein Cain, Friendswood, Dickinson and Summer Creek.
Marquette Business to host Baum Spirit of Entrepreneurship Summit Presented by Marcus Corporation, Nov. 18
This complimentary event will feature MIT entrepreneurship leader Bill Aulet, an expert panel and the Marquette Invitational Pitch Competition.
Study links negative political news to more anxiety and less engagement at work
A Texas A&M University study found that consuming negative political media leads to increased employee anxiety and lower engagement in the short term, while positive political content fosters …
NYC Health + Hospitals/Metropolitan Convenes Eight Latin American Consulates for Health Care Summit
New York, NY - NYC Health + Hospitals/Metropolitan recently hosted the inaugural 2026 Met Nation Summit, bringing together representatives from eight
Survivor 51’s Big Change Has Jeff Probst Warning of a ‘Dangerous’ Mistake
Survivor 51 is changing the rules of expectation. Jeff Probst says the show’s new Open Era will make familiar patterns less reliable, and players who assume they know what comes next could make a dang...
Adam Smith Named Chairman of Direct-to-Consumer at Disney Entertainment
Disney Entertainment has announced that Adam Smith has been named Chairman, Direct-to-Consumer, with responsibility for Disney+ and Hulu including product, engineering, advertising technology, programming strategy, partnerships, and data and analytics....
Fuseini brings Rams hope of a revival
Derby County fan writer Amelia Warren analyses what makes Mohammed Fuseini an important summer signing for Derby County this season.
Formulating for Function
Discover the consumers’ needs and expectations that matter most when choosing functional beverages.
CECAS recognizes inaugural Global Scholars and Dean’s Scholar Fellows
Those recognized were: Shane Abercrombie, Sumter Archer, Tiffany-Marie Baako, Colleen Clarke, Kylie Folkes, Bryson Hedrick, Sara Henry, Joshua Hoggatt, Taylor Hopkins, Azrin Jamison, Mengdi “Hansen” Li, Robert Lowery, Quincey Miller, Ben Simon, Madison Smith, Arabella Stockdale, Steven Szachara, Tianke “Kirk” Wang and Aidan Wolynn.
50 Women to Watch in the Digital Entertainment Business 2026
Women have never wielded more influence over the direction of the entertainment business than they do now. Across Hollywood and the broader media landscape, women are making critical decisions about what gets made, how it is marketed and distributed, where consumers watch it, and, increasingly, the technology and business models that determine how entertainment companies … Continue reading "50 Women to Watch in the Digital Entertainment Business 2026"
Training resumes today
Raffaele Palladino’s side will return to training today at 16:00 CEST at the Niccolò Galli Training Centre.
Schalke defender frustrated by lack of contract talks
With his contract expiring next summer, Schalke 04 centre-back Hasan Kurucay has expressed his disappointment that the club have yet to approach him about an extension.“I haven’t heard anything fr...
PPG appoints Alex Lopez vice president, investor relations, operational finance
PPG (NYSE: PPG) today announced that Alex Lopez, currently PPG director, investor relations, has been appointed PPG vice president, investor relations and operational finance, effective Oct. 1. Lopez will continue to report to Jamie Beggs, PPG senior vice president and chief financial officer. Alex Lopez has been appointed PPG vice president, investor relations and operational finance. In this expanded role, Lopez will continue to lead investor relations while assuming responsibility for enterprise operational finance, with a focus on strengthening capital discipline, productivity governance and operational finance effectiveness. Lopez has held a variety of finance roles of increasing responsibility during his 20 years with PPG, including business-specific finance leadership as well as corporate roles. Prior to assuming the investor relations role in 2024, Lopez served as global finance director, Automotive OEM Coatings. He also supported the growth of PPG Comex when he relocated to
CMU makes progress on Hall of Sciences, campus improvements
Construction of the Richard King Mellon (RKM) Hall of Sciences progressed over the summer. Carnegie Mellon broke ground on the new building in June 2024 and expects expected to finish on schedule.
Roma Taking an Extended Look at Free Agent Defender
Roma could take advantage of the extra-long break to bring in a free agent and have had some contacts with Matteo Darmian as of late. He has been approached by a few smaller sides during the summer, b...
Here are seven candidates for song of the summer
These are seven songs that could be song of the summer for 2026. Candidates include artists like Karol G, Olivia Rodrigo and Ella Langley.
Michigan’s two major party candidates for U.S. Senate offer differing ideas for health care
The two U.S. senate candidates from Michigan offer vastly different ideas for health care. As Russ McNamara reports, lowering costs for consumers is the goal for both.
Johnsonville Sausage Makes Its Case for Dinner Running in Political Parody Twist
Little Black Book, Campaign directed by Jordan Brady through True Gent puts a parody twist on the political ad blitz consuming Americans ahead of the midterms
The Battle to Turn Consumers Into Effective Health Care Shoppers
A seminar explores government efforts to encourage U.S. consumers to comparison shop for their health care needs
Washington's Grant Veto Sets a Warning for British Science
A political oversight board at the NIH is a domestic American story, but its logic travels, and the NHS's own research architecture cannot assume immunity
Juventus to Continue to Dabble in Goalkeepers’ Market
Despite signing two goalies last summer, Juventus could soon put another one under contract, as Kamil Grabara suffered an ACL tear in training and will miss most of the season. The Bianconeri are eval...
Bruno Genesio provides Igor Paixao injury update
Olympique de Marseille did everything to retain Igor Paixao (26) over the summer. Amid the club’s financial problems, the ownership looked to offload the Brazilian in the closing days of the transfe...
Everbridge to Convene European Business Leaders in Munich for Operational Resilience Summit
MUNICH, September 21, 2026--Everbridge, the global leader in High Velocity Critical Event Management (CEM) and national public warning solutions, today shared details of the Everbridge European Operational Resilience Summit, taking place 6th October at Allianz Arena in Munich, Germany.
Iredell County Mobile Health Unit Makes Stop At Summit Village
STATESVILLE, N.C. (WHKY) — The Iredell County Health Department’s Mobile Health Unit is scheduled to make a stop in Statesville. The county’s current schedule lists the unit at Summit Village,…
Missed World Cup Boost
Passenger traffic declined at all four local airports in July for the second straight month as higher fuel costs drove up fares and prompted consumers to
Asian shares rise amid optimism around US-Chinese talks on trade and AI; oil prices fall
Talks between officials in New York come ahead of summit between Donald Trump and Xi Jinping later in the week
Suki Waterhouse Announces December Tour Dates, Timed Close to Robert Pattinson's Next Blockbuster Release
The English singer's major-label debut album was released over the summer.
Suki Waterhouse Announces December Tour Dates, Timed Close to Robert Pattinson's Next Blockbuster Release
The English singer's major-label debut album was released over the summer.
Breaking | Communist Party sets key October plenum date early, days before Xi-Trump summit
The fifth plenary session will be held from October 26 to October 29, according to state media.
The US wants an AI-era 'red phone' with China
President Donald Trump and Chinese leader Xi Jinping are expected to discuss AI safety and trade at their summit in Washington this week.
Xi Jinping Health Rumors Resurface Ahead of U.S.-China Summit
Rumors of Chinese President Xi Jinping’s deteriorating health have spread again after reports emerged that he skipped a dinner at the BRICS Summit held in Indi
TV Shocker: 96% RT James Bond-Like Show Canceled by Prime Video
Prime Video has pulled the plug on one of its most-watched originals of the summer. The streamer declined to renew the spy comedy starring Hannah Waddingham and Octavia Spencer for a second season. Pa...
Hailey Bieber Unveils Her Darkest Hair Transformation in More Than a Decade
The dramatic change comes after Bieber told followers this summer that she was on a "hair health journey.".
Travis Kelce sets NFL record for yards after catch
Add another feat to an already decorated and lengthy resume for Kansas City Chiefs tight end Travis Kelce.
US proposes AI incident notification mechanism before Trump-Xi summit
Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent proposed an AI notification mechanism for national security ahead of Trump-Xi talks.
What Happens if Browns vs Bucs Cannot Resume Sunday
What happens if the Browns-Buccaneers game can’t resume today? Here’s how the NFL could handle a postponement and when the game could be completed. The post What Happens if Browns vs Bucs Cannot Resume Sunday appeared first on HEAVY.
Phoenix Suns 2026-27 Player Profile: Khaman Maluach
After a tantalizing Summer League, the Duke product enters a pivotal sophomore campaign. Discover how his floor-spacing potential and defensive growth could propel him into the starting lineup.
Adam Smith appointed chairman of Disney Entertainment’s Direct-to-Consumer division
Disney names Adam Smith as chairman of Direct-to-Consumer and Joe Earley as president of TV franchise and content strategy.
Dr. Bucan-Kurepa prescribes a more personal approach to healthcare - Cross Timbers Gazette | Southern Denton County | Flower Mound
After 27 years of practicing medicine in Flower Mound, it would be easy to assume that Dr. Jelena Bucan-Kurepa has developed quite a following that has created a loaded daily schedule with a seemingly endless number of patients. But it’s actually quite the opposite. Sure, she has a devoted following of families who trust her […]
Happy birthday, Kerim!
Kerim Alajbegovic is celebrating his first birthday in black and white. Today, Monday 21 September 2026, he turns 19 years old.The young Bosnian talent, who arrived in Turin this summer, has made a to...
When Will Browns-Buccaneers Game Resume After Delay?
Why was the Browns-Buccaneers game delayed? Here's inside what happened.
Frank Mrvan talks steel industry, possible Chicago Bears move
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Why politicians should pay more attention to the polls (reprise)
Welcome to the 231st edition of The Week in Polls (TWIP), a polling newsletter that always welcomes new readers. So please don’t keep TWIP a secret; share it with your friends and colleagues: Share The Week in Polls With all the stories swirling around Reform, JL Partners and political polling, I am finally tearing myself away from talking about the regulation of polling this week - and instead re-running a previous piece reminding us why the solution to problems with polls isn’t simply to ban or ignore them. Rather, we need them to play a vital role in making our politics - and politicians - better. This is followed by summaries of the latest national voting intention polls, seat projections from MRPs and the most recent party leader ratings. Subscribers who pay for the full edition can also read ten insights from the latest polls and analyses, including: A trio of organisations and a pair of professors have been casting their eyes over the Liberal Democrats ahead of the party’s autumn conference; What impact did the summer heatwave have on views on climate change? and Which wins out between chocolate and cheese? If you are not yet a paid subscriber, you can read all ten by starting a free trial now: Get FREE 7-day trial For more polling news as it comes in ahead of next week’s edition, you can also follow The Week in Polls on Bluesky. Picking up on my doubt last week about whether or not 35% of British train travellers have tried to order a takeaway for delivery to a railway station or carriage, thank you to reader Iain, who has been in touch to say he has done just that… in India. Another quick pair of updates, this time on the controversies around Reform and polling. Politico has a further scoop - “Farage aide caught in donor sting attended Egypt retreat with JL Partners” - and Ian Dunt has written about the problems with polling too: “Seeing the response of many polling experts in the last few weeks suggests that they are nervous about what is happening and keen to mitigate against it. Seeing the response of journalists, which has been basically non-existent, suggests the precise opposite.” My usual reminder as well: please do hit reply if you’ve spotted a poll, focus group or new piece of poll-based research that you think should be in contention for coverage in a future edition. Thank you! And with that, on with the show. How politicians get public opinion wrong I have written before about the benefits that come from widespread availability of high-quality political polling. We need more polls and more good coverage of polls. However, what I’ve not dug into before is the research into how accurately politicians estimate public opinion on issues. Thankfully we have academic research to tell us. First, the bad news: We present results from a study of 866 politicians in four countries.1 Politicians were asked to estimate the percentage of public support for various policy proposals. Comparing more than 10,000 estimations with actual levels of public support, we conclude that politicians are quite inaccurate estimators of people’s preferences. They make large errors and even regularly misperceive what a majority of the voters wants. Politicians are hardly better at estimating public preferences than ordinary citizens. Walgrave, S., Jansen, A., Sevenans, J., Soontjens, K., Pilet, J.B., Brack, N., Varone, F., Helfer, L., Vliegenthart, R., van der Meer, T., Breunig, C., Bailer, S., Sheffer, L. & Loewen, P.J. (2023a), “Inaccurate Politicians: Elected Representatives’ Estimations of Public Opinion in Four Countries”, The Journal of Politics, 85(1): 209-222. The bad news is not quite as bad as that makes it sound because, when asked whether the majority of public opinion was for or against various policies, politicians picked the wrong option ‘only’ 29% of the time. However, this included getting it wrong even when public opinion is far from evenly split on an issue: They do not only get it wrong when the public is divided and hard to read (e.g., when there is a 51%:49% distribution). Seventy percent of the misplacements occur for policies with a relatively clear distribution of at least 60% (dis)agreeing citizens. Moreover, the public scored only slightly worse than politicians, picking the wrong option 2.7 out of 8 times on average, compared with 2.3 times for politicians. Turning to the other measure of accuracy (not which side is in the lead but what the percentage support is for each side), politicians on average were 18 percentage points out in their guesses. Again, this was only slightly better than the public, whose error came in at 21 percentage points.2 Further research, using the same mix of countries, gives a little more comfort about how (in)accurate perceptions are: We show that politicians have a better understanding of public opinion when they think the issue matters to voters. Further, when an issue is personally important to politicians they more accurately estimate their party supporters’ opinions. The results confirm that politicians hold more accurate perceptions of voters’ preferences when they think it is important to do so but not necessarily when the issues actually are important to voters. Butler, C., Walgrave, S., Soontjens, K. & Loewen, P.J. (2024), “Politicians are better at estimating public opinion when they think it is more salient”, Party Politics: 1–13. Even so, it’s not a good picture. The remedy for this? Politicians should spend more time reading the polls. So forward this newsletter to someone you know… Share For a more general argument against banning polls, see my 2024 piece. Is “Let Bartlet Be Bartlet” good advice or not? The latest episode of my Political Fictions podcast heads across the Atlantic for a dip into one of the political TV classics: Mark and Cory talk about a giant of American political drama for the first time this week, as they tackle The West Wing. They talk about Let Bartlet Be Bartlet, the nineteenth episode of series one. In it, Mark wonders if The West Wing is actually the epitome of the “Boris Johnson school of politics”, Cory outmanoeuvres Mark into confirming we will record a Christmas Special about Love, Actually and they debate whether the central message of this episode has been misunderstood. Cory’s email newsletter is Paperback Rioter and Mark has a family of email newsletters. Subscribe to our newsletter for some additional bonus content and to get alerted whenever a new episode comes out. Our theme tune is “Monkeys Spinning Monkeys” by Kevin MacLeod/incompetech.com and licensed under the Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License. You can also listen to our episode on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, the web or YouTube. Elsewhere from me… [ A Lord's Eye View How to fix the problem of money in our politics Welcome to my latest update on work in the House of Lords. This time I am taking a look at how our political system is regulated, and the protections we need to keep democracy safe from becoming simply a contest to see who has the biggest bank account… Read more 5 days ago · 3 likes · 2 comments · Mark Pack ](https://lordseyeview.substack.com/p/how-to-fix-the-problem-of-money-in?utm_source=substack&utm_campaign=post_embed&utm_medium=web&embedding_publication_id=1269283) If you spot a factual error… Borrowing an idea from Stuart Ritchie and others, if you spot a factual error in an edition of this newsletter, I will give you a free 12-month subscription to the paid-for version (or an extra 12 months on your existing one). Factual errors qualify, but grammatical errors or disagreements over interpretation do not, and my decision is final. Messages about both of those are always welcome, though. Voting intention and leadership ratings Here are the latest voting intention polls from different pollsters. It is all pretty static at the moment, with a small and consistent Labour lead in nearly all the polls. The table is also online here, along with explanations about what is included. It is updated regularly throughout the week as new polls are released. Next are the seat projections from MRPs, also sorted by fieldwork dates, listing those which are based on dedicated fieldwork (rather than models based on averages of other polls). Because such MRPs are published infrequently, some of the entries below are quite old. Finally, here is a summary of leadership ratings, with a graph from PollCheck: Detailed numbers from the latest polls are online here, and both that and the graph are updated regularly throughout the week as new data comes out. For historical figures on both voting intention and leader approval stretching back to the 1930s, including Parliamentary by-election polls, see PollBase. Catch up on the previous two editions [ ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/a-crisis-point-for-political-polling) [ A crisis point for political polling Sep 13 ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/a-crisis-point-for-political-polling) [ Read full story ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/a-crisis-point-for-political-polling) [ ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/extra-questions-about-the-polls-in) [ Extra questions about the polls in Reform’s funding scandal Sep 6 ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/extra-questions-about-the-polls-in) [ Read full story ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/extra-questions-about-the-polls-in) My privacy policy and other legal information are available here. Links to purchase books or other items are usually affiliate links which pay a commission for each sale. Quotes from social media messages are occasionally lightly edited for punctuation and clarity. If you are subscribed to other email lists of mine, please note that unsubscribing from this one will not automatically remove you from the others. If you wish to be removed from all my lists, simply reply to this email to let me know. A quintet of Lib Dem polling analyses, and 9 other polling insights you shouldn’t miss The following ten findings from the most recent polls and analyses are only for subscribers who pay for the full edition, but you can sign up for a free trial to read them straight away. Ahead of the start of Liberal Democrat conference, we have a trio of organisations and a pair of professors with pieces out about Ed Davey’s party:
Octavia Spencer's Hit Summer Series Canceled After Just 1 Season - But Studio Could Bring It Elsewhere for...
"Prime Video has shot itself in the foot so many times, I can barely believe they're even standing," said one fan.
First pediatric medical-behavioral Health Unit opens, Deaconess partners with Evansville Fire Dept
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Corporate America is paying for access to RFK Jr.
The upcoming Make America Healthy Again Summit is brought to you by companies with business before the Health Department.
Fiorentina frustrate Napoli with Serie A draw, Como upset
Fiorentina maintained their unbeaten run under coach Paolo Vanoli with a 1-1 draw against Napoli on Sunday, before Frosinone pulled off one of the shocks of the Serie A season by beating high-flying Como.La Viola showed improvement under Vanoli by beating Venezia in Serie A and Pisa in the Coppa Italia in his first two games, and the upturn in form continued as they fought back to claim a draw that moved them onto four points, with Napoli on seven -– six from the summit.
Campbell County health and food inspections (9/11/26–9/107/26)
GILLETTE, Wyo. — The Consumer Health Services Division of the Wyoming Department of Agriculture conducts inspections of retail food establishments throughout Wyoming (where there is not a local health department that does inspections) to help ensure safety of Wyoming residents. Campbell County establishments are inspected at least once a year by the WDA. All of […]
Orlando Science Center opens renovated theater
A lot is happening at the Orlando Science Center. The organization recently reopened the Dome and hosted a series of sold-out laser shows this summer. A new exhibit called “Extreme Sports: Beyond Human Limits” opens in late September, showing visitors what it’s like to rock climb and use a flight suit. To top it off,
'They didn't want me, I didn't want them:' Florida's Jon Sumrall says he had no interest in Auburn job after Gators' win over Tigers
'Rethink everything:' Local health leaders take pulse of challenges
Ventura County's biggest healthcare players examined the "big beautful bill," worker shortages and other challenges.
8 common food additives linked to high blood pressure and heart disease
Common preservatives hiding in processed foods may carry unexpected heart risks, with heavy consumption linked to substantially higher rates of high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Researchers identified eight widely used preservatives associated with hypertension, although the observational study cannot prove they were directly responsible.
FULL SHOW: Inside INdiana Business 9/20/26
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Dealroom.co | Great Hill Partners: middle-market growth buyouts across software, financial services, healthcare, consumer and business services
What's the deal?Great Hill Partners is a Boston- and London-base…
Liverpool eyeing fourth £100 million signing for January
One of the key weaknesses in the squad that Liverpool failed to address in the summer is the right-wing position. With Mohamed Salah no longer at Anfield and Federico Chiesa out injured, the Reds are ...
President Expounds on BRICS Summit Achievements
TEHRAN (Tasnim) – Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian outlined the achievements of his recent visit to India and participation in the 18th BRICS Summit, emphasizing the need to strengthen multilateralism, expand economic and trade cooperation, and counter unilateralism.
Tunisian protesters demand release of four Sumud activists
The protest comes as the health of one detainee deteriorates after more than a month on hunger strike.
Florida Stuns Auburn in Wild SEC Showdown
The Florida Gators are officially 3-0. Florida traveled to Jordan-Hare Stadium on Saturday night and defeated Auburn 44-39 in a wild SEC opener, giving first-year head coach Jon Sumrall his first conference victory with the Gators. Gators Jump Out Early Florida wasted no time making its presence felt. The Gators took a 7-3 lead in…
Florida's Jon Sumrall Sends Warning to Team After Beating Auburn
Despite a gritty road win at Jordan-Hare, head coach Jon Sumrall slammed his team's lack of discipline, warning that sloppy penalties could derail Florida's undefeated season.
Ducks Sign Tim Washe to Four-Year Extension
The 25-year-old was set to be a restricted free agent with arbitration rights next summer.
Furbank to miss opener
GEORGE Furbank suffered a nightmare start to his new life at Harlequins after he was forced off a minute into his club debut on Friday night. Furbank, who joined the London club from Northampton over the summer, is likely to miss his new club’s Premiership opener against Bath on Friday after he was caught by […] The post Furbank to miss opener appeared first on The Rugby Paper .
Chris McKenna Made Sure One Special Costar ‘Got Her Flowers’ Before ‘General Hospital’ Exit
Chris McKenna and Paige Herschell exited 'General Hospital' as Jack Brennan and Jacinda Bracken departed Port Charles in dramatic fashion this summer.
Liverpool sends warning to Arsenal over their teenage sensation
Arsenal have been linked with a move for Liverpool starlet Rio Ngumoha, but the Gunners have reportedly been warned by the Reds to stay away from the teenager.During the summer, Bayern Munich targeted...
Sunflower Troupe seeks Four Corners playwrights for 2027 short-play festival
Selected works will be performed next summer
2. Bundesliga: Former Fulham youngster Thorsteinsson extends Hertha’s perfect record
Hertha BSC returned to 2. Bundesliga summit with a comeback win in Dresden. Former Fulham youth team player Jón Dagur Thorsteinsson was the star of the show with his first brace in German football.Bo...
Oscar Health (OSCR) Bets On Lucy As CEO Calls Time On Employer Coverage
Oscar Health (NYSE:OSCR) introduced its AI-driven Lucy Healthcare Marketplace, a digital hub for carriers, brokers, and consumers. The company presented Lucy as part of a shift toward individual coverage options, including support for ICHRA-based benefit designs. Chief executive Mario Schlosser said the traditional employer-sponsored health insurance structure is ending, pointing to alternative coverage models. Oscar Health’s Lucy Healthcare Marketplace launch and public push toward...
Everyone's finally caught up to Liverpool's biggest problem: Except Liverpool
Liverpool have a massive problem on their hands and people are finally noticing. Except Liverpool, however.Liverpool spent an awful lot of money in the summer once again. Only this time, they didn't s...
Analysis: Fearless Seagulls rewarded for attacking approach
Brighton came into this match as the league's top scorers and did not disappoint with their attacking mindset. Diego Gomez on the wing did an excellent job of keeping Riccardo Calafiori quiet, while Charalampos Kostoulas caused problems for the Gunners backline throughout. The 19-year-old Greece international deserved his excellent goal, which was his third in successive games, as he looks to show he can step up to be Brighton's main striker following Danny Welbeck's summer departure to Chelsea.
The Big Holes in Wearable Heart Rate Variability And Readiness Scores
On September 9th, Apple announced it was revamping its Apple Watch Health Sensing System, rolling out a Readiness score (0 to 10), and increasing the frequency of heart rate variability (HRV) outputs 24-fold. This can be viewed as upping its competition with various other consumer wearable sensors. These “readiness scores” as a composite of multiple metrics, with heart rate variability (HRV) being front and center for most. The majority of Americans are now using wearable sensors, which equates to well over 100 million adults. HRV and Readiness scores are increasingly being marketed as a measurement of autonomic nervous system health, a digital marker for future disease, a clock for biological age, and a holistic metric to promote healthspan and even longevity. (Apple also introduced a new longevity tab and “Health Age”.) None of this has been proven. In this edition of Ground Truths I am going to review what we know about heart rate variability and readiness scores. Heart Rate Variability HRV is the variation in normal heart cycle timing. The variability of the heart rate, the barely perceptible millisecond changes in time between consecutive heart beats (see R-R intervals in the Figure below, left panel), is due to interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagal nerve) inputs. Distinct from heart rate, individuals with the same heart rate can have very different HRVs. It is a rough reflection of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, inadequate to say whether a person’s ANS function is abnormal. For more than three decades, heart rate variability (HRV) has been measured and several studies have found an association of low HRV and clinical outcomes, particularly a link with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. There have also been less well established links of low HRV to risk of early cognitive impairment, dementia, mental illness, Type 2 diabetes and substance abuse. An important reminder is that HRV is a surrogate marker without any established cause-and-effect relationship. If you increase your HRV, that doesn’t mean it will improve health outcomes. In fact, there is no hard evidence for that. All that work linking to health outcomes was done with electrocardiogram (ECG) derived HRV. Now, in the era of consumer wearables, this is getting assessed differently, by optical pulse (yes, the lights you see) plethysmography (PPG) or what is called pulse rate variability (PRV). They are not the same, as shown below (right panel) and only concordant when the delay between the ECG and pulse is kept constant, which basically means at rest. I should mention there’s also what I will call MPV, a mattress mechanical movement sensor, a derived heart rate variability, that companies like Eight Sleep use, even further away from directly measuring HRV. HRV has not one uniform measurement but many different types of quantification, such as RMSSD, the magnitude of difference between successive R-R intervals of normal sinus beats (N-N) or SDNN, the standard deviation of NN intervals, both in milliseconds. SDNN is one of the so-called frequency domain HRVs (others are LF, HF, LF/HF). Different wearable sensors use different metics; Apple has relied on SDNN and nearly all of the others use RMSSD, which is generally considered the more accurate metric. There’s also the different length of time measured, such as for a matter of minutes, all day, or an overnight’s sleep. Short measurements are especially problematic since they don’t capture enough of respiratory modulation and other factors that influence HRV. Share Ground Truths How well does HRV correlate with PRV? There are very limited studies, especially independently done. One that is commonly cited was conducted by Air Force researchers in only 13 healthy adults assessing Oura ring 3 and 4, Whoop 4.0, and Garmin Fenix 6 and showed a correlation coefficient of 0.88 to 0.97 and a mean absolute percentage error from 6 to 10%. The correlation is not a perfect 1.0, but there’s at least a fairly high level of correlation. HRV is supposed to increase during the night due to takeover of the parasympathetic nervous system, and higher during deep sleep. A recent example of my 1 week, all day “HRV,” and one during sleep is shown below. As you can see, the N of 1 data are inconsistent for the same days from different sensors (Oura, AppleWatch, Fitbit Air, and Eight Sleep) by patterns, absolute numbers, and comparison with prior days and weeks. The largest study in over 8 million Fitbit users (the old version, not Google Fitbit Air, introduced in May 2026) gives you a sense of the effect of age, sex, and the 2 different main HRV (here PRV) metrics, with RMSSD on the left and SDRR (=SDNN) on the right below. That study, from data collected in 2018, is a major outlier, since all the more recent ones are tiny with respect to sample size. Many of the companies have not had independent evaluation of their HRV, such as Eight Sleep, but have published a low standard error on their website. There are some other published studies on the correlation between HRV and PRV, but they are all small and only in healthy adults. A scoping review emphasized the lack of study in underrepresented individuals, including the aged, people of color (which affects the PPG signal), and individuals who are underweight or obese. Add the typical adult age 60 plus with one or more chronic diseases. For example, one study in over 900 adults found poor correlation of HRV and PRV, non-uniformly underestimated across many chronic diseases (cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological, respiratory, and others), concluding PRV is “an invalid surrogate for HRV.” A recent systematic review of 43 studies comparing HRV and PRV found reasonable pooled absolute standardized error (HRV as gold standard) but only 10 of the studies provided quantitative synthesis in ideal conditions. Their main conclusion was similarly cautious: “PPG-derived HRV [PRV] should not be regarded as universally interchangeable with ECG-derived HRV across all devices, populations, and recording contexts.” Factors Affecting HRV and PRV That gets me to the long list of factors that affect HRV (and PRV) besides the device, the type of measurement (RMSSD, SDNN or others), the person’s signal, the sensor site, the duration of data capture, if weighting by sleep stage is used, how artifact is processed and corrected. And this list is not complete!: Oura puts out data from their community of users (who input data) on what affects their overnight HRV. The factors currently provided are: no alcohol (increase 8%), melatonin (increase 2%, float tank (increase 2%), wine (decrease 4%), and party (decrease 14%) in overnight HRV. Must be some big parties! Subscribe What is a PRV measurement good for? It has been falsely characterized as an index of “autonomic balance” and a specific indicator of stress. A 2018 review of the studies available for HRV and its relationship to stress, not using any of the current wearables, found that stress can lower HRV. But so can many other factors. The non-specificity of the signal, indexed to the table above, is striking. Evidence from a UK Biobank study of over 46,000 participants with actual HRV looked at genetically predicted HRV, a genetic risk score, that failed to show the expected HRV-mortality link, indicating that _HRV is likely not causa_l, but rather a reflection of person’s physiologic state. A review of consumer wearable HRV data from 5 longitudinal studies showed that nighttime PRV was not associated with perceived stress, and surprisingly higher HRV, in the largest cohort (N=717 participants), was correlated with higher stress. An Oura ring cohort of 525 first-year college students found a link between overnight PRV and perceived stress, but that was also seen with resting heart rate, sleep, and respiratory rate. Several very small studies have examined the relationship of HRV and athletic injuries or guiding training with mixed, and predominantly negative results. HRV biofeedback training with paced breathing had no significant effect on reducing stress or raising HRV, as demonstrated with sham controlled trials. When HRV for multiple days showed a decline in conjunction with body temperature, the Oura ring published data for prediction of Covid. The WHOOP company sponsored an observational study, published in 2026, of 30,000 users for 72 weeks, without a control group, that reported reduced alcohol intake (5.8 % points) by self-report. That doesn’t tell us much, and particularly about the merits of HRV for behavioral change. If you use the same device and conditions as longitudinal trends for multiple (at least 2-3) weeks that may be the one way to get something useful from the measurements. Data for overnight sleep with minimal motion and using RMSSD is the best proxy for real HRV. The reason to look at trends rather than any given night is that it more likely represents something, even though you won’t know with certainty what the “it” is. Keep in mind there are no data, no peer-reviewed evidence, to show that HRV fluctuation in-person has any correlation with health outcomes. Share Readiness Scores These are proprietary scores that integrate different metrics for each of the wearables: no algorithms have been disclosed. They are unvalidated against health outcomes. In a review of 14 composite health scores of readiness and recovery, HRV contributed 86% to the scores, followed by reading heart rate (79%), physical activity and sleep duration (both at 71%). That review noted the substantial variability in measurement protools and lack of standardization. Sleep staging is notoriously inconsistent and inaccurate by these sensors, which adds further to the HRV uncertainties for what the scores, which use sleep stage data, mean. Only resting heart rate has been shown consistently across devices to be extremely accurate. I’ve made a Table to summarize what we know about which metrics are included, the scores, any peer-reviewed studies that compared the readiness score with health outcomes, and the corresponding (if any, NA-not available) citation. You will note that some companies do not use the term “readiness," such as WHOOP for recovery, and Garmin, which has 2 different scores, one of which is Body Battery. Eight Sleep uses the term “Fitness Score.” They all include HRV; Apple includes a new metric they call “Recovery HRV” which among other components uses 7-days of sleep, but it is unclear what this means or how it is differentiated from other scores (there are clearly no data for outcomes). We have no knowledge of how the different components are weighted or whether any of these scores are better than resting heart rate, HRV alone, physical activity, or any other single metric. Since none of these are standardized, they are not interchangeable, so if you get a 90 for Oura that has no relationship to a 90 on a Google Fitbit Air. Notably, the company can update its algorithm for readiness score at any point without notification to device users. Without any useful evidence of actionability for these scores or established relationship with health outcomes, it is hard to make a case for their value. At the Apple recent announcement they showed their Readiness score (0-10) on the watch (Figure below) but there are no published data on this score, not even on their website. It’s available only on their new Watch Series 12 or Ultra 4 [of course, ;-)]. That exemplifies the problems with these scores, lack of data and evidence for being meaningful to promote health. Perhaps the best study (which isn’t saying much) is the WHOOP Recovery for golfer performance, because it did correlate with an objective outcome, even though there was no control group and the authors were all from the company. Among the 389 pro golfers, an absolute 10-per cent point increase in Recovery score was associated with about 0.5 fewer strokes per round. But that’s hardly a health outcome! WHOOP is also conducting a study in over 2,700 runners to see if their recovery score will be linked to less injuries and improved performance, but that is not yet published and has no control group or randomization. Putting This in Context For two decades I’ve been enthusiastic about the potential for digital health and particularly wearable biosensors. Over the years, we’ve seen some great progress for their ability to promote physical activity and accurately detect atrial fibrillation (the first FDA cleared deep learning AI for consumers). That work was the subject of rigorous research. But there are holes in the data and evidence for other metrics. One notable one is the “VO2 max” story that I wrote about earlier this year. At that time many subscribers asked me to cover heart rate variability, which I finally got to here. When I dived into the research and publication for HRV and readiness scores, I expected to find at least some that were of high quality and demonstrated their utility by linkage to health outcomes. To my surprise, I found none. The wearable sensor measurements for HRV (PRV) are, for the most part, accurate, but that validation work has only been done in small studies of healthy adults and does not take into account the long list of factors, from the device, software side, and the user side, that affect HRV measurements. Moreover, this metric chiefly relies on optical sensing and, as we have learned for heart rate PPG sensing, may be less accurate in people of color. Keep in mind that all of the health outcome association evidence comes from ECG-derived HRV; none are from wearable sensor data. I will repeat the key point: there's no peer-reviewed evidence to show that in-person HRV fluctuation—or efforts to raise your HRV— has any correlation with health outcomes. For those of you who look at your HRV on awakening, or even 2+ week trends of it being low, I hope this context helps to relieve any anxiety. Yes, low HRV (not PRV) has been shown to increase risk of some diseases as summarized above. But efforts to raise your HRV—a surrogate metric— has not been established for improving any health outcomes. HRV does not have any evidence of causality (the genetic evidence actually goes against this possibility). In this summary, I have not included data for other wearable sensors such as Polar, Samsung, Withings, Suunto, Amazfit, Coros, Ultrahuman, or additional mattress sensors. These are beyond my first-hand experience, and as far as I know from my in-depth review none have any peer-reviewed published data that differ from the 6 sensors I’ve reviewed here. From the points I’ve gone over above, we’re not ready for readiness scores. Besides being proprietary, they are predominantly based on metrics that have their own issues. It’s compounding the problem, like building a house without a solid foundation that has never undergone a rigorous inspection, and then selling it. Like I mentioned for PRV, you can look at trends over weeks rather than any single day, to get a handle, but even that may not be helpful. There’s simply no evidence that these scores meaningfully relate to health outcomes. I’d emphasize they might, but that requires doing prospective or randomized studies to prove it. None exist. There’s great promise for HRV/PRV utility_. For example**,**_ Prof Maiken Nedergaard, who discovered the brain glymphatics that are essential in eliminating metabolic waste products from the brain during sleep, has posited that HRV could be a non-invasive marker for neuromodulator oscillations, brain-body regulatory circuits, and brain clearance. That would be extremely useful, but like everything else on HRV and readiness scores it requires solid research and validation. The lay media isn’t helping much to get the story straight. Earlier this year The Economist published a piece entitled “The most useful indicator of your overall health” which ordained HRV as an “accumulated stress score.” That’s akin to the false assertion about VO2max: “V02 max is the singular most powerful marker for longevity.” As I’ve summarized here, that is not established. The fact is that so many things can lower HRV, including physical exercise (especially an intense workout), reduced sleep quality, stress, the list above, no less the device, signal, and software. Whatever fluctuations observed have not been correlated with any health outcome. Sadly, “datamaxxers” are widely using HRV and readiness scores that have never been validated to mean anything. We already know that for some people using the sensors for sleep metrics, it can induce “orthosomnia,” an obsession to get high sleep quality, with associated high levels of anxiety. In an experiment done by a company to promote sleep quality for its employees, “For those employees who did use the trackers, many reported feeling perfectly rested until their tracker told them they had had a terrible night. Others were told that they had slept like a baby when they had actually been lying awake worrying about the quality of their sleep. “ The same problem can result from preoccupation with HRV or readiness scores, with anxiety that would lead to further reduction in both. It you are using a wearable like >100 million American adults, it’s OK to look at these data, but contextualized with the major caveats reviewed here. If you are one to require evidence that HRV or readiness scores are linked to health outcomes, you may not even want to look. The companies make it hard to turn them off! Let me end with the companies that make and sell wearables. Apple’s doubling down on HRV (24-fold more reporting and heart rate very 5 seconds) and introduction of a Readiness score tells us that consumers have bought into these metrics and they are joining the club. However, all of this is occurring with a backdrop of tens millions of users, claims about the data that are not backed up by adequate evidence, marketing way out in front of whatever limited data exists, and not being transparent about their readiness score algorithms. The companies can well afford to do the research that is needed to connect these metrics with health outcomes show, once and for all, that increasing HRV or using readiness scores promotes our health. If they believed and invested in the products they are selling, we’d not be in this position of not knowing. That’s essentially where we are with HRV and readiness scores. Perhaps someday this will change and we’ll have good reason to embrace them. NB: I wrote this post. No AI. I have no conflicts of interest with any of its content. Loading... Ground Truths has 215,000 subscribers from every US state and 214 countries. 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