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The first black hole ever discovered is spewing 'dancing jets' at half the speed of light
Astronomers have accurately measured the "dancing" energy jets of the first confirmed black hole, Cygnus X-1, more than 60 years after it was first spotted.
DNI Tulsi Gabbard sends criminal referral over Trump’s 2019 impeachment to Justice Department
Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard sent at least one criminal referral to the Justice Department seeking investigations of a whistleblower complaint and its handling by the intelligence community watchdog that led to the 2019 impeachment of President Donald Trump, a spokesperson for Gabbard’s office confirmed Wednesday.
No vote after NCAA urges further study of age eligibility changes to college sports
- The NCAA confirmed Wednesday it is exploring a move to an age-based eligibility model that would give athletes a window of five years to compete in...
Shooting reported at Laredo business, injuries confirmed
A shooting was reported at a local business in the 9800 block of McPherson Rd., according to the Laredo Police Department.
Dangerous Microsoft Windows Update Confirmed—Do Not Download
As security researchers warn about a dangerous Microsoft Windows update that isn’t, users must pay close attention to what they are actually downloading.
MSI accidentally announces GeForce RTX 5070 12GB Laptop GPU in new Crosshair 16 Max spec sheet
MSI GeForce RTX 5070 laptop with 12GB VRAM, GPU spec which does not officially exist MSI may have just added another piece to the GeForce RTX 5070 Laptop
PlayStation Plus 3 April Free Games Leak, Including First-Party Hit
The full Extra and Premium tier line-up is due to be confirmed later today.
Cinergy Entertainment Group Partners with Unique X for Full-Circuit Technology Upgrade
Unique X has confirmed a new collaboration with Cinergy Entertainment Group to deploy its cinema software solutions across Cinergy’s entire estate. Through this agreement, Cinergy will roll out RosettaBridge TMS to every site, complemented by the implementation of RosettaNet CMS and BaseKey KDM. Together, these solutions will form a cohesive, circuit-wide platform designed to unify […]
Portland's Centennial Middle School identified as measles exposure site
A new measles exposure site has been confirmed at a Portland middle school, the Oregon Health Authority (OHA) announced on Tuesday.
Overwatch out on Nintendo Switch 2 tomorrow, up to 60 FPS and more
We have an update on Overwatch (previously known as Overwatch 2), as Blizzard just confirmed the release date for the Nintendo Switch 2 version. As it turns out, it’ll be out tomorrow. One of the highlights of Overwatch on Nintendo Switch 2 is support for up to 60 frames per second for both docked and handheld play. Blizzard says the...
'Metro 2039' confirmed for "Xbox First Look" show: New format will spotlight games throughout the year.
Xbox's showcase production team has been on a big tear this year, and another new format is on the horizon: starting with the return of Metro.
Kustom Entertainment, Inc. Reports Significant Financial Improvements for Fiscal Year 2025 and Files Annual Report on Form 10-K
Company Highlights $11.9 Million Improvement in Net Loss, Strategic Divestiture of Non-Core Assets, and Forbes Recognition for TicketSmarter OVERLAND PARK, KS, April 13, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Kustom Entertainment, Inc. (NASDAQ: KUST) (“Kustom” or the “Company”), a leader in live entertainment and digital ticketing, today announced its financial results for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. The Company also confirmed the filing of its Annual Report on Form 10-K with the U.S. Securities
Northern Ireland swimmers ready to take on best in Commonwealth
BBC Sport NI looks at swimmers hoping to be confirmed as part of the Northern Ireland squad for the 2026 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow.
Tomodachi Life: Living the Dream ROM leaked online
It's now been confirmed that the Tomodachi Life: Living the Dream ROM has leaked online just days before launch.
🚨 Atlético Nacional line-up confirmed
Atlético Nacional plays its second match of the week and arrives at the Atanasio Girardot as the away side for the Clásico Paisa. El Verdolaga will defend the outright lead against DIM on Matchday 1...
🚨 Tigres v Chivas line-ups confirmed
Tigres hosts Chivas this afternoon at El Volcán in one of the most attractive matches of the weekend. Guido Pizarro’s side will look to take all three points from the league leaders, which would he...
Rockstar Games has confirmed it was hit by third-party data breach
The ShinyHunters hacking group is giving Rockstar Games until April 14 to respond to its threats.
Asha Bhosle health update: Granddaughter Zanai Bhosle confirms singer being treated for ‘extreme exhaustion, infection’
Asha Bhosle's granddaughter Zanai Bhosle confirmed on Saturday night that the legendary singer is hospitalised and is being treated at the Breach Candy Hospital
Maricopa County confirms first heat-related death of 2026
Health officials have confirmed that a person has died from heat-related complications, the first in the Phoenix metro in 2026.
Professor Layton and the New World of Steam Adds PC and PS5 Release to 2026 Global Simultaneous Launch — but There’s No Xbox Version
Professor Layton and the New World of Steam is coming to PC via Steam and PlayStation 5 as well as Nintendo Switch and Nintendo Switch 2, developer Level 5 has confirmed.
Gravitational waves may be hidden in the light atoms emit
Scientists have proposed a surprising new way to detect gravitational waves—by observing how they change the light emitted by atoms. These waves can subtly shift photon frequencies in different directions, leaving behind a detectable signature. The effect doesn’t change how much light atoms emit, which is why it’s gone unnoticed until now. If confirmed, this approach could lead to ultra-compact detectors using cold-atom systems.
Hong Kong animal groups urge HKTVmall boycott over life science experiments
Online retailer facing major backlash after its parent company confirmed tests on pigs’ and sheep’s detached heads and limbs.
Pixel 11 Series to See Big Display Upgrade
Industry sources have confirmed that Google’s upcoming Pixel 11 series will utilize Samsung’s new M16 OLED panels. These are the same panels expected to be used by Apple for its... #Google #Pixel11
Sources: DOJ opens antitrust investigation of NFL over TV deals
The Justice Department has begun an investigation into whether the NFL has violated anticompetitive practices with their television contracts that require consumers to pay subscription costs to watch some games, sources confirmed to ABC News.
Breaking: NVIDIA N1 laptop motherboard has been pictured, features 128GB LPDDR5X memory
NVIDIA N1 engineering board leak shows 128 GB LPDDR5X memory with SK hynix chips NVIDIA entry into the laptop market seemingly confirmed. An
18 new features coming to Windows 11 in 2026, confirmed by Microsoft
Windows 11 is getting major upgrades with faster performance, improved File Explorer, better updates, native apps, etc. Here is the full list.
Trump says U.S. will work with Iran to 'dig up' enriched uranium. Iran hasn't confirmed that
He previously said the U.S. would retrieve the deeply buried material, which is expected to be an intensive undertaking, if it struck an agreement with Iran.
Fifth Champions League spot secured for Premier League
The Premier League will have at least five teams in the Champions League next season after securing a European Performance Spot for the second straight year. The extra place was confirmed on Tuesday as Arsenal beat Sporting 1-0 in the first leg of their Champions League quarter-final tie. Uefa awards an additional place to the two leagues with the best overall performance across the three European competitions.
Michigan health officials recommend early measles vaccine -- what to know
There are now eight confirmed cases across two counties -- seven in Washtenaw and one in Monroe.
Nate Diaz rejected bigger UFC offer for Netflix MMA return
Nate Diaz chose to accept a lower payday than the UFC’s offer for his upcoming return to fighting, Nakisa Bidarian has confirmed. Diaz walked away from the UFC back in September 2022 after a long, tense stretch with the company and made his first move into boxing against Jake Paul.
Truro to remain full-time club despite relegation
Truro City chairman Eric Perez has confirmed the club will remain a full-time professional side after suffering relegation to National League South.
Sky Sports: Two European giants in the race to sign Man City star
Man City News: Bernardo Silva Exit Confirmed Ahead of Summer WindowSky Sports have confirmed what many around Manchester City had begun to anticipate, Bernardo Silva will leave the club at the end of ...
Arteta on key fitness news, doubters and hunger
Arsenal boss Mikel Arteta has been speaking to the media before Tuesday's Champions League game against Sporting CP at Estadio Jose Alvalade (kick-off 20:00 BST). On the latest team news, Arteta confirmed defender Gabriel is fit after coming off with a knock in the defeat to Southampton in the FA Cup.
China Star Entertainment (SEHK:326) Valuation After Full Year Results Confirm Widened Losses
Full year results and confirmed pressure on earnings China Star Entertainment (SEHK:326) released full year 2025 results that confirmed earlier guidance, with sales of HK$404.92 million and a net loss of HK$443.76 million, compared with HK$351.93 million a year earlier. See our latest analysis for China Star Entertainment. Despite the widening loss, investor sentiment has been strong, with a 47.58% 1 month share price return and very large 1 year total shareholder return, suggesting recent...
Stephen Colbert’s ‘Late Show’ Replacement Revealed by CBS
The network has confirmed its new late-night lineup plans.
Galaxy Watch blood pressure monitoring isn’t approved by the US FDA
Samsung has confirmed that the Galaxy Watch blood pressure monitoring feature doesn't require approval from the FDA in the US.
RedMagic's new gaming tablet gets a launch timeframe; global version confirmed
The RedMagic has a new flagship Android gaming tablet on the way, and now there's a window for its release. In addition, it has been confirmed that the tablet will get an international version that will be released later.
🚨 Thuram, Soulé, Bastoni... confirmed XIs for Inter v Roma
Serie A Easter Sunday concludes with one of the two big matches of Matchday 31.Chivu’s Inter, in search of a win that has slipped away from them over the last 3 rounds to put their doubts behind the...
Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 8 Leaks: 5,000mAh Battery and 45W Charging Finally Confirmed?
Massive Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 8 leaks reveal a game-changing "Wide" variant with a 3:4 aspect ratio, 5,000mAh battery, and 45W charging
Pokemon Champions Pokemon list, everyone that's confirmed
Pokemon Champions Pokemon list released which covers all creatures that have currently been confirmed for the game.
Trump Contemplates Other Cabinet Changes as He Faces Political Clock
With the midterms approaching, the president may be running out of time to get new cabinet members confirmed without bipartisan support.
Scientists Just Discovered There’s Actually Something Faster than the Speed of Light
Scientists experimentally confirmed what we’ve known to be true for half a century—darkness can “travel” faster than light.
Todd Blanche takes over justice department after Pam Bondi sacking
Trump announced deputy attorney general, who was his former personal attorney, would act up until permanent replacement is confirmed
Trapanovski question mark as injury ends 'difficult campaign'
Dundee United manager Jim Goodwin has lamented the loss of "one of the best wingers in the league" for the rest of the season, leaving a question mark over the North Macedonia international's future at Tannadice. Goodwin confirmed Kristijan Trapanovski "underwent some surgery" on Wednesday on a knee injury the 26-year-old sustained in last month's Scottish Cup defeat away to Falkirk. Trapanovski, who has two caps for his country, is out of contract this summer having signed a two-year deal when arriving from Shkupi in his homeland in 2024.
Mark Lee Set To Leave NCT And SM Entertainment
Mark Lee is set to leave NCT and SM Entertainment this Wednesday. SM Entertainment and Mark confirmed the news, releasing a heartfelt message to their fans.
PSL crackdown! Fakhar Zaman’s appeal dismissed, ban confirmed
Pakistan Super League opener Fakhar Zaman's appeal against a two-match ban for ball tampering has been dismissed. The appellate body upheld the original decision, finding him guilty of breaching the code of conduct during a match against Karachi Kings. This means Fakhar will miss crucial upcoming fixtures for the Lahore Qalandars.
Measles confirmed at Safeway in Portland, health officials say
People who visited the Safeway at 2800 S.E. Hawthorne Blvd. within the last week may have been exposed to the measles, the Oregon Health Authority said.
Donald Trump fires Pam Bondi as Attorney General
The former Florida Attorney General will return to the private sector, White House sources confirmed.
Eastern Utah measles infections double within a week, health officials say
Health officials have confirmed a doubling of measles cases in Daggett, Duchesne and Uintah counties in the past week.
Fernando Mendoza's pro day confirms his QB1 status for 2026: Here's how he stacks up to past top QB prospects
Size, arm talent and composure were on display in a pro day that confirmed his status as the next No. 1 overall pick.
Measles exposure location confirmed at Providence Portland Hospital ER waiting room
Health officials have identified a new measles exposure site in the Portland area.
Former Wisconsin football player, who left the sport amid mental health struggles, dead at 24
Former Wisconsin Badgers tight end Jack Pugh has died at 24, the university confirmed. Pugh had stepped away from football in 2023 citing mental health struggles.
Candidates confirmed for Inside California Politics governor’s debate on KRON4
(KRON/NEXSTAR) — On April 22, KRON4 and our parent company Nexstar will host a California gubernatorial debate airing across the state on stations from San Francisco to San Diego. The five ca…
Scientists discover hidden “winds” inside cells that could explain cancer spread
Cells aren’t as passive as scientists once thought—they actively create internal currents to move proteins quickly and efficiently. These “cellular winds” push materials to the front of the cell, enabling faster movement and repair. Discovered by chance and confirmed with advanced imaging, this system challenges decades of textbook biology. It may also reveal why some cancer cells spread so rapidly.
Trump signs order on mail ballots, escalating election overhaul push
President Donald Trump signed an executive order on Tuesday aimed at tightening mail-in voting rules nationwide that would direct his administration to create a list of confirmed U.S. citizens eligible to vote in each state.
Original local business closes Short North location
Homage's original store located in the Short North has permanently closed. A sign posted to the business's door confirmed this, without stating a reason "why"
Oregon CB confirms various pre-draft meetings with Raiders
A University of Oregon cornerback recently confirmed multiple pre-draft meetings with the Las Vegas Raiders.
Official: Milan confirm signing of 19-year-old striker Kostic
Milan have confirmed the signing of Andrej Kostic from Fudbalski Klub Partizan, with the 19-year-old joining the Rossoneri on July 1, 2026.Milan have completed the acquisition of 19-year-old striker K...
Data Breaches Announced by Corewell Health & Rocky Mountain Care
Rocky Mountain Care in Utah has announced a January 2026 data breach, and Corewell Health in Michigan has confirmed that more than 19,000 patients have Rocky Mountain Care in Utah has announced a January 2026 data breach, and Corewell Health in Michigan has confirmed that more than 19,000 patients have been affected by a data breach at business associate Pinnacle Holdings.
H9N2 Bird Flu Hits Europe as First Human Case Confirmed in Italy
A reminder that we need to remain vigilant.
Sport NI CEO leaves role after two-year absence
Antoinette McKeown has left the post of Sport NI chief executive after a two-year absence from the role. Chair Gavin Boyd confirmed to employees in a message seen by BBC Sport NI that Ms McKeown had left the post on 24 November 2025 to "take up new opportunities" and the recruitment process to replace her was "progressing". Sport NI, the leading public body for the development of sport in Northern Ireland, has come in for criticism in recent years.
Police: Woman hospitalized with laceration after altercation in Lauderhill
A woman was hospitalized Monday morning following an altercation with another woman and girl in Lauderhill, police confirmed.
One of Earth’s most explosive supervolcanoes is recharging
Far beneath the ocean near Japan, scientists have discovered that the magma system linked to the most powerful eruption of the Holocene is slowly rebuilding. By using seismic imaging, researchers mapped a large magma reservoir under the Kikai caldera and confirmed it is the same system that fueled the massive eruption 7,300 years ago. However, the magma now present is newly injected, not leftover, as shown by changes in the chemistry of recent volcanic material and the growth of a lava dome over thousands of years.
Cases of 'white plague' rising in US as doctors warn of 'rebound effect'
Tuberculosis, also known as "the white plague," is rising in the U.S. post-pandemic, with over 10,600 cases confirmed in 2024, the CDC reports.
Pokemon Champions price revealed
Pokemon Champions price has now been confirmed, and the information pertains to the Starter Pack, Premium Battle Pass, and memebrship.
UEFA confirm Champions League semi-final details
UEFA have confirmed the details for the Champions League semi-finals, with Arsenal potentially in line for a trip to Spain if they can make it past Sporting CP.Photo by Marco Luzzani/Getty ImagesUEFA ...
Microsoft confirms it retired “This is an Xbox” campaign because it “didn’t feel like Xbox”
Microsoft retires "This is an Xbox" campaign It looks like Microsoft is finally changing. Microsoft has confirmed that its "This is an Xbox"
Microsoft Gaming Chief Asha Sharma Killed 'This Is An Xbox' Campaign as It 'Didn't Feel Like Xbox'
Microsoft has confirmed that its new gaming boss Asha Sharma personally killed the company's controversial "This is an Xbox" marketing campaign — because, ironically, "it didn't feel like Xbox."
Iran-linked hackers have breached FBI Director Kash Patel’s personal emails
Hackers connected to the Iranian government accessed FBI Director Kash Patel’s personal email and posted materials — including photos and documents — taken from his account, a person familiar with the hack confirmed to CNN.
Expanse: Osiris Reborn Dev Defends Using Gen AI For The RPG
Owlcat Games confirmed that their upcoming Mass Effect-like RPG is being developed with some help from generative AI
Measles case confirmed in Multnomah County linked to Gresham WinCo exposure
Multnomah County health officials are investigating one confirmed case of measles linked to a known exposure site at a WinCo grocery store in Gresham.
Apple discontinues the Mac Pro with no plans for future hardware
It’s the end of an era: Apple has confirmed to 9to5Mac that the Mac Pro is being discontinued. It is...
Health officials begin contact tracing after new Shasta County measles case, risk low
A new measles case has been confirmed in Shasta County following 9 previous cases identified in late-January, according to the Shasta County Health and Human Se
AMD Ryzen 9 9950X3D2 Dual Edition with 208MB of total cache launches April 22nd
AMD Ryzen 9 9950X3D2 now official AMD has confirmed that the Ryzen 9 9950X3D2 Dual Edition will launch on April 22. The date was shared by Jack Huynh, SVP
The Killers to headline the Champions League final show
UEFA has officially confirmed that American band The Killers will headline the opening show at the 2026 UEFA Champions League final. The event, presented by Pepsi, will take place on Saturday, May 30 ...
Business owner shares concerns about Cargill’s intentions to close local facility
A specific date for the final day of operations has not been confirmed.
Washtenaw County measles outbreak rises to 7 cases, health officials say
A measles outbreak in Washtenaw County has increased to seven confirmed cases, according to the Washtenaw County Health Department in an update.
Michigan measles outbreak: Confirmed cases grow to seven, including child under 5
The Washtenaw County outbreak has seven confirmed cases and one hospitalization. Officials are asking that anyone unvaccinated or not already immune to measles stay away from others for a full 21 days after exposure.
Forza Horizon 6 PC Specs Revealed, Ray Tracing & ROG Xbox Ally Compatibility Confirmed
Here are all the details
Critically endangered hare spotted in surprising location for the first time in 40 years — but it was already dead
Scientists in China have announced the first confirmed sighting of the critically endangered Hainan hare in part of its native range in four decades, after spotting its completely flattened carcass on a roadside.
Person shot dead at business on Lockbourne Road
Columbus police responded to a shooting on Lockbourne Road early Wednesday morning.Few details were immediately available, but ABC6 confirmed the shooting t
April’s main PlayStation Plus ‘free’ Essential monthly game has been leaked
The rest of April’s games have still to be confirmed…
Trump is expected to nominate new CDC director, as measles keeps spreading
If confirmed by the Senate, the director will inherit an agency marked by the yearlong chaos of mass layoffs, a deadly shooting and hollowed-out leadership.
Veteran prosecutor confirmed to lead new Justice Department division targeting fraud nationwide
The Senate has confirmed President Donald Trump’s pick to lead a new Justice Department division focused on prosecuting fraud over critics’ concerns of potential political pressure to target White House opponents
Marvel Rivals confirmed for Nintendo Switch 2
It's now been officially confirmed that Marvel Rivals is on its way to Nintendo Switch 2, as shared by Marvel Games.
Change is ‘long overdue’ at Homeland Security. Can Markwayne Mullin bring it?
Newly confirmed Homeland Security Secretary Markwayne Mullin told senators during his confirmation hearing that he wanted to keep the department out of the headlines. That won’t be easy.
Epic Games to Layoff 1,000 and Cut $500 Million Amid 'Fortnite' Slump
Epic Games will cut 1,000 staffers and another $500 million in costs amid a slump in engagement with 'Fortnite,' CEO Tim Sweeney confirmed in a memo.
Video: Senate Confirms Markwayne Mullin as Homeland Security Secretary
The Senate confirmed Markwayne Mullin to take over the Homeland Security Department in a 54-to-45 vote on Monday.
Markwayne Mullin confirmed to lead Department of Homeland Security
The Oklahoma Republican faced a glide path to confirmation with the help of two Democratic senators.
Markwayne Mullin confirmed to lead a DHS in turmoil
Markwayne Mullin will serve as Donald Trump’s next Department of Homeland Security secretary, elevating the US senator to helm the agency at the center of the president’s controversial immigration enforcement effort and an ongoing shutdown.
Ecological and demographic drivers of Oropouche virus transmission
Nature Health - Nationwide analysis of 30,086 confirmed Oropouche virus cases in Brazil between 2014 and 2025 shows that rural municipalities had over 11-fold-higher incidence than urban areas and...
Several vehicles catch fire at used auto parts business on West Beaver Street
The Jacksonville Fire and Rescue Department has confirmed that several vehicles are on fire at a business on West Beaver Street.
Samsung rolling out AirDrop over Quick Share on Galaxy S26, more devices coming
Samsung has officially confirmed plans to start rolling out AirDrop support over Quick Share starting with the Galaxy S26 series...
Your Thymus and Your Healthspan
Our thymus gland plays a central role in the development or our immune system, specifically for supporting T cell development (how these cells got their name, maturation and differentiation in the thymus) and discriminating between self and foreign, non-self antigen proteins with production of dendritic cells. As we age, our thymus gland shrinks—the process known as involution—with progressive change from spongy to fatty tissue, with loss of functionality. But this process, with respect to timeline and extent, markedly varies from one person to the next. And to make things even more complicated, our thymus gland anatomy and precise location in the chest also is highly variable. So the famous Frank Netter diagrams from the 1960s (such as at left below) don’t capture the remarkable heterogeneity that a random set of 12 chest CT scans (below at right). What I consider as 2 landmark papers in Nature this week (here and here) used AI to quantify health of the thymus in 2 large cohorts, and then correlate the metric to a broad array of health outcomes. In this edition of Ground Truths, I’m going to cover three questions: (1) How was thymus health determined by AI?; (2) How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? and (3) Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? Subscribe 1. How was thymus health determined by AI? This was accomplished by extensive work developing and validating an AI pipeline for 2 stages, the first for localization and segmentation of the thymus bed, and the second to quantify a digital marker, termed the thymic health score. There’s a lot to this algorithmic development, so I won’t go into all the details, but just provide a rudimentary outline of what was done. The 1st stage used supervised learning with 2 radiologists reviewing 2,461 chest CT scans. That work trained a 3D U-Net model to automatically identify the thymic bed’s 3D cropped region using center of mass coordinates, which reached 99.8% accuracy. The 2nd stage used a foundation model that was pre-trained with SwAV (which stands for Swapping Assignment between multiple Views), a self-supervised model, that generated a high-dimensional thymus representation of 4,096 features. That compares to the radiology reductionist and subjective scoring of 0 to 3 where 0 means the thymus is fully degenerated and fatty, and 3 is considered dense, intact glandular soft tissue. Notably, the self-supervised learning (SSL) performance was superior to supervised (AUC ~0.75 vs 0.55, respectively) reflecting the shallowness of the 0-3 classifier vs SSL’s holistic, self-taught AI. The thymic health score ranged from 0 to 100, with the highest number indexed to fully preserved thymic health. The algorithmic work extended to explainability with both Shapely value distribution, meaning the model was holistic not relying on any “magic” pixel, and occlusion sensitivity, demonstrating the model’s performance was not affected by ribs, sternum, lung tissue, but rather focused on the thymic bed directly. Below are a few saliency maps from the occlusion sensitivity that indicate the thymic bed focus, not affected by neighboring structures, using the jet color scale. Now the AI was ready for processing ~25,000 CT scans, each over 30 MB files, from the 2 large participant cohorts to provide a thymic health score, it did so in less than 14 hours, which is less than 2 seconds per scan! Share 2. How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? The two cohorts were the National Lung Screening Trial, NLST (N=25,031) and the Framingham Heart Study, FHS (N=2,581) each with baseline demographics and long term follow up of >12 years for health outcomes. From the NSLT, you can see below that increased age and body-mass index were correlated to reduced thymic health. And, overall, men had reduced thymic health scores compared with women. There are a lot of graphs in the paper for outcomes, for both the NLST and FHS cohorts. To simplify the major outcomes, below is a composite Figure with striking reduction of all-cause mortality and for the different causes of death. The results were consistent between the 2 cohorts. For example, the cardiovascular mortality hazard ratio average was 0.57 in NLST and 0.38 in FHS (weighted to be 0.53 for the aggregate). The reduction of mortality also extended to digestive diseases and pulmonary disease (data not shown below). Lung cancer incidence was reduced by 36% for high vs low thymic health (Figure below, with a panel -incidence and b panel-mortality, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status). Notably, there was a smoker’s paradox: lower incidence and improved survival for lung cancer in smokers who had a high thymus health score. Smoking was associated with lower thymic scores whereas alcohol was not. Higher thymic health was linked to higher HDL cholesterol, lower triglycerides, lower fasting blood glucose, and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Inflammation biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, were elevated in the people with lower thymic health scores. In their second paper, the same team looked at the relationship between thymic score and outcomes for 3,476 patients receiving cancer immunotherapy. The non-small cell lung cancer progression-free survival was reduced in patients with low thymic health score. A parallel relationship for survival was seen for other types of cancer including melanoma, breast, and kidney with a 44% lower risk among high thymic scores (Figure). A similar pattern was seen with different immune checkpoint inhibitors. The thymus health score outperformed programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)and tumor mutation burden (TMB) assay of the tumor and was an independent prognostic marker of progression-free survival. In this dataset, a direct connect with thymus score and adaptive immune function was noted with a correlation before cancer treatment for both T-cell diversity and thymus T-cell production (a metric known as T cell receptor excision circles). Thymus Removal Study There is a highly relevant citation about thymus function before moving onto ways to rejuvenate it. In 2023, a very important study of thymus removal during cardiothoracic surgery was published, with 1146 patients undergoing thymus removal vs 1146 matched controls (mean age 55 years). The adverse outcomes for thymus removal were striking, with a 2.9 higher risk of all-cause mortality and doubling of cancer incidence, 1.5 fold increase in cancer mortality, and 1.5-fold increase in autoimmune diseases. The immune function showed marked compromise after thymus removal, as reflected by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Figure below) Share Ground Truths 3. Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? In recent months we’ve learned a lot about the process of thymus involution and the pathways by which this may be modulated. Thymus involution is primarily due to loss to thymus epithelial cells (TECs) and there are 2 subtypes with different functions: the cortical, responsible for positive selection of T cells, and the medullary, for negative selection. When adipose tissue infiltrates the thymus, thymic adipocytes are pro-inflammatory, knocking out T-cell output. Likewise, systemic inflammation, or “inflammaging,” from smoking, obesity, and chronic stress promote thymic adipocytes. Now, from preclinical studies, we know about key pathways that account for these processes. Historically, back in 2014, FOXN1 was recognized as a single master transcription factor essential for TEC function, with studies in mice with forced FOXN1 upregulation leading to thymus regeneration. That laid the foundation for potential regrowth of quiescent thymus cells. It took awhile to find pathways to accomplish this goal and to even refute its role as the master regulator. The Liver-Thymus Axis Feng Zhang and his team recently showed that injection of an mRNA vaccine to the liver encoding DLL1, IL-7 and FLT3-L in combination, factors known to support thymopoiesis (Figure), successfully enhanced immune function in aged mice. However, the effect was transient. The FGF21 Story Two reports in 2025 addressed the thymus gland’s production of FGF21, a growth factor (fibroblast growth factor 21) and its control of thymus involution. This growth factor is also produced by the liver, but it doesn’t have impact on the thymus in aged rodent models. In contrast, The liver’s hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to reverse senescent TEC structural changes. Growth hormone stimulates production of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the liver and the thymus. Two small studies in human participants (TRIIM, for Thymus Regeneration, Immunorestoration, and Insulin Mitigation) of 6 and 50 people, respectively, treated with combined human growth hormone, metformin and DHEA, suggested the potential of slowing epigenetic aging and improving thymus mass and function. But the combination of drugs, small sample, and lack of controls make conclusions murky. Increased thymus FGF21 led to increased CD8 T cells in old mice and extended healthspan and improved physical performance. Building on the previous FOXN1 data, ablation of β-klotho, the obligatory co-receptor for FOXN1, accelerated thymic aging. The benefit to FGF21 was confirmed in a companion paper using an FGF21 knock-in mouse model showing thymus enlargement and increased TECs throughout the lifespan. (schematic Figure below). The accompanying editorial for these 2 papers speculated: “The proposed link between age-associated thymus involution and organismal aging is intriguing, and suggests we might seek to achieve systemic rejuvenation by counteracting thymic involution.” Other Factors Lessons from the Axolotl (Mexican Salamander) In an elegant set of experiments of the axolotl (Figure), known for its complete thymus regeneration after total surgical removal, mediators were identified. Surprisingly FOXN1 was dispensable. But midkine, a growth factor, appeared to be the driver, the initiator of thymus cell growth, survival, and repair. Other components that contributed were Postn+ (periostin-expressing mesenchymal niches) and Ccl19, a chemokine protein from the bloodstream. RANK and RANKL RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB its ligand (RANKL) have been considered key regulators of medullary TECs. In a study of both aged mice and human thymus cell cultures, their key role was confirmed, with multiple benefits of resorting TEC function, recruitment of progenitor cells, and T cell development. Subscribe Summing Up This body of work strongly supports the health of the thymus gland as a critical regulator of human healthspan, not just a correlate or link. The new landmark studies are reinforced by the regenerative biology experimental models that have shown, via an array of mediators, that healthspan of aged mice is at least in part dependent on thymus gland function and its critical role for maintaining adaptive immunity. It sure seems that we’d be better off having an immune reservoir of naive T cells instead of a profile in older adults of exhausted, low quality, memory T cells, with a senescent phenotype. It is striking that we ignored the importance of the thymus gland for many decades. A wake-up call was the results of the thymectomy matched control study reviewed here, with the opposite of high thymic health score improved health outcomes. The convergence of AI and healthspan here is notable. The exceptional and laborious work for developing and validating (no less explaining) the AI to quantify thymus health set the foundation for probing the connect the major health outcomes in two cohorts with extensive follow-up. We’ve never had a way to meaningfully quantify the thymus gland before, so this represents important leverage of supervised, self-supervised, and transformer models. The study wouldn’t have been possible without AI. And it begs the question as to whether there are ways we can maintain our thymus at a high health score. But it’s not so simple to rejuvenate our thymus. There are multiple risks including the induction of autoimmunity, increasing the risk of cancer, and inducing a pro-inflammatory state. For example, factors that increase TEC proliferation could compromise the medulllary negative selection process and leak out auto-reactive (self-attacking) T cells. Thymic cells could be induced to proliferate, but we know, for example, that growth hormone and IGF-1 are associated with an increase risk of cancer. If thymus rejuvenation doesn’t clear out the accumulated senescent cells in older adults, then inflammation within the gland could block the production of TECs. Keeping these risks in mind, we now have identified many ways to keep our thymus healthy as we age that undoubtedly will be tested in clinical trials going forward. Ultimately, the benefit-to-risk tradeoffs will be defined. In the meantime, we have desperately needed an immunome. As I’ve stressed in multiple prior Ground Truths, we have no test in the clinic to assess a patient’s immune status! It was very encouraging for me to get an email from Hugo Aerts, the senior author of the landmark papers in the days after they were published: “I also wanted to say that your Substack on “Why We Need an Immunome” was inspiring for this work. We found it a very compelling perspective and greatly enjoyed reading it.” Just having an assessment of a person’s immune status via a chest CT scan, with millions of these performed per year, might help in guiding the right immunotherapy for cancer (e.g. more intensive, combinations for those with low thymic health scores) and help define people who are increased risk for age-related diseases of cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative. The main theme of Super Agers is that we now have many layers of data (genetics, proteins, biomarkers, organ clocks that can be integrated via multimodal AI) for us to define a person’s specific risk decades before one of these age-related diseases leads to symptoms, enabling prevention. From the new studies this week, we can add thymus health score as yet another way to understand a person’s risk, a window into their adaptive immune system and healthspan. And perhaps someday we will be able to safely rejuvenate the thymus, or maintain its health through one’s life, and use the thymus health score to monitor. NB: I wrote this post (No A.I.) A Quick Poll Loading... ********************************************************************* Thanks to Ground Truths subscribers (now > 200,000) from every US state and 212 countries. Your subscription to these free essays and podcasts makes my work in putting them together worthwhile. Please join! If you found this interesting PLEASE share it! Share Ground Truths Paid subscriptions are voluntary and all proceeds from them go to support Scripps Research. They do allow for posting comments and questions, which I do my best to respond to. Please don’t hesitate to post comments and give me feedback. Let me know topics that you would like to see covered. Leave a comment Many thanks to those who have contributed—they have greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for the past two years. It enabled us to accept and support 47 summer interns in 2025! We aim to accept even more of the several thousand who will apply for summer 2026.
Microsoft says it'll make Windows 11 a calmer OS with fewer upsells or ads, as it tries to win back users
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One arrested, another cited in shoplifting incident at business on East Avenue in Chico
CHICO, Calif. - A Paradise man was arrested and a Forbestown woman was cited by Chico Police in connection to a shoplifting incident at a business in Chico.The Chico Police Department says that at around 12:30 p.m. on Wednesday, March 18, a loss prevention employee observed two suspects stealing several items from a retail business on the 700 block of East Avenue in Chico.Upon exiting the building, the two suspects, a man and a woman, were contacted by the loss prevention employee regarding the stolen items. The employee was able to persuade both suspects to return to the store and hand over the items they had stolen.Authorities say the business expressed their desire to press charges against the suspects and contacted Chico Police to report the crime.Officers reviewed video surveillance that confirmed the employee's account of what happened. Officers then made arraignment for both suspects to turn themselves in the following day.When the suspects, identified as 51-year-old Jamie Leal of Forbestown and 62-year-old Melvin Royal of Paradise, arrived the next day to turn themselves in, authorities say both admitted to their involvement in the incident and elected to write handwritten apology letters to the business.Leal was cited by Chico Police on a misdemeanor charge of shoplifting.Royal was taken into custody and transported to the Butte County Jail, where he was booked on the following charges:Shoplifting with 2+ priors (felony)Shoplifting (misdemeanor) googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('ad-1514992'); });
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Chuck Norris, action legend, dead at 86
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