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Results for " rain " 7,267 found 🔀 AI-powered Shuffle

The Nurse Is Health Care’s Most Underpriced Founder

They see the problem first, build the fix, and decide whether it is ever adopted. The market has trained them to hide the one credential that de-risks the deal.

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Sep 21 • 9:31 AM EDT • Health • medcitynews.com
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How will clubs train during three-week international break?

BBC Sport looks at how clubs are planning to deal with the extended three-week international break.

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Sep 21 • 9:30 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Lower blood pressure may boost brain health, UT Health finds

Researchers found that even a small drop in blood pressure can slow a brain disease that is a major cause of strokes, cognitive decline and dementia.

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Sep 21 • 9:00 AM EDT • Health • expressnews.com
Column: Three ballot measures on housing, medical research but only one no-brainer

Analyzing three state bond measures that are on the ballot for the Nov. 3 election.

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Sep 21 • 9:00 AM EDT • Politics • latimes.com
Crain's 40 Under 40 2026

This year’s 40 Under 40 honorees are reshaping what it means to lead in West Michigan.

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Sep 21 • 8:55 AM EDT • Business • crainsgrandrapids.com
Chocolate leads to better workouts, says science — and you don't even have to eat it

A new study found that something surprising happens in your brain around chocolate, giving you more energy. Here's what's going on.

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Sep 21 • 8:55 AM EDT • Science • creators.yahoo.com
Manchester brain health clinic aims to 'transform' dementia care

The Alzheimer's Society says the clinic in Manchester is the first of its kind in the United Kingdom.

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Sep 21 • 8:53 AM EDT • Health • bbc.com
You can now claim your payout from Apple’s $250 million Siri settlement

The major class action lawsuit against Apple over Siri and Apple Intelligence delays continues to progress. Apple is expected to...

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Sep 21 • 8:31 AM EDT • Technology • 9to5mac.com
Training resumes today

Raffaele Palladino’s side will return to training today at 16:00 CEST at the Niccolò Galli Training Centre.

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Sep 21 • 8:30 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Trump and Zelenskyy set for UNGA talks

With wars in Ukraine and Iran looming over the UN gathering, Trump faces a packed diplomatic agenda as Zelenskyy seeks talks on peace, Gulf leaders push for an end to the Middle East conflict...

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Sep 21 • 8:27 AM EDT • Politics • tvpworld.com
Rice to bring brain health conversation to United Nations

Three experts from Rice will attend Brain Week at the United Nations General Assembly Sept. 21-25 to join an international conversation that reaches well beyond neuroscience and medicine.

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Sep 21 • 8:00 AM EDT • Health • news.rice.edu
5 Breakfast Foods Dietitians Recommend for Better Brain Health

Walnuts, blueberries, eggs, mushrooms, and avocado may support memory, focus, and brain health. Dietitians explain their benefits.

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Sep 21 • 8:00 AM EDT • Health • health.com
Heart-brain protection during cardiac surgery pioneer to receive the 2026 Basic Research Prize

DALLAS, Sept. 21, 2026 — A pioneering researcher known for her work to protect the heart and brain during cardiac surgery will be recognized by the American Heart Association at its annual...

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Sep 21 • 8:00 AM EDT • Science • newsroom.heart.org
Scientists create a needle-thin brain implant that can do three jobs at once

A new needle-thin brain implant can record neural activity, deliver drugs, and stimulate multiple brain regions using a single flexible fiber. Successful tests in mice suggest it could give scientists a more precise, less invasive way to study the brain and may eventually help treat neurological disorders such as epilepsy.

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Sep 21 • 8:00 AM EDT • Science • sciencedaily.com
FINN Partners Calls for Shared Action on Brain Health in New eBook

/PRNewswire/ -- The ability to learn, earn a living and remain independent rests on brain health. Protecting those abilities requires action well beyond the...

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Sep 21 • 8:00 AM EDT • Health • prnewswire.com
Rep. Wesley Hunt’s confirmation as ambassador to Saudi Arabia faces tight time constraints in Senate

Trump and GOP leaders are under pressure to delay the start of Hunt's mission until at least January, so that Hunt's Houston-area district wouldn't have to go without representation before the start of the next Congress.

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Sep 21 • 8:00 AM EDT • Politics • houstonpublicmedia.org
Britain’s Burnham is set to meet Trump for the first time at the UN in New York

Britain's Prime Minister Andy Burnham is set to meet U.S. President Donald Trump for the first time. The meeting will take place on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly in New York. Burnham plans to discuss ways to bolster Ukraine's defenses and ease fuel prices that have soared since the US-Israeli war with Iran blocked ships from moving freely through the Strait of Hormuz. Burnham, once critical of Trump, now says he wants to seek common ground. Trump has called Burnham “a nice guy,” but has also concerned U.K. officials by expressing support for Irish unification and musing about the future of the Falkland Islands.

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Sep 21 • 7:59 AM EDT • Politics • mymotherlode.com
Playing Mahjong could improve brain health later in life, health experts say
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Sep 21 • 7:53 AM EDT • Health • cbsnews.com
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Rainwater tanks may be harboring hidden health risks

Rainwater tanks are a popular way for Australians to save water, but new research has found they can also harbor potentially harmful bacteria and metals that could pose health concerns.

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Sep 21 • 7:00 AM EDT • Health • medicalxpress.com
Six Girona footballers called up to their national teams

Six Girona FC footballers have been called up by their respective national teams to take part in international commitments during this September and October break.Vlad Vanat will be part of Ukraine's ...

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Sep 21 • 6:20 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Rockford is latest West Michigan company to go 100% employee-owned

All 330 of Rockford’s employees are eligible to become owners of the construction firm under an employee stock ownership plan.

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Sep 21 • 5:30 AM EDT • Business • crainsgrandrapids.com
Building Michigan’s healthy future requires a different kind of workforce strategy

Wayne State is investing in talent, research and partnerships to strengthen Michigan’s health workforce and improve community health.

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Sep 21 • 5:00 AM EDT • Health • crainsgrandrapids.com
Juventus to Continue to Dabble in Goalkeepers’ Market

Despite signing two goalies last summer, Juventus could soon put another one under contract, as Kamil Grabara suffered an ACL tear in training and will miss most of the season. The Bianconeri are eval...

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Sep 21 • 5:00 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Building Michigan’s healthy future requires a different kind of workforce strategy

Wayne State is investing in talent, research and partnerships to strengthen Michigan’s health workforce and improve community health.

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Sep 21 • 5:00 AM EDT • Business • crainsgrandrapids.com
Tobias Forge’s ‘V/H/S Mixtape’ Segment, Swedish Horror ‘Trespassers,’ ‘The End’ by ‘Midsommar’ Production Designer on Mylla Films Slate (EXCLUSIVE)

Swedish boutique genre specialist Mylla Films, brainchild of “Midsommar” producer Patrik Andersson and Nordic indie distribution heavyweight Jakob Abrahamsson (CEO of NonStop Entertainment), has turne...

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Sep 21 • 4:00 AM EDT • Entertainment • yahoo.com
How can small businesses benefit from AI?

The Nevada Small Business Development Center (SBDC) provides a variety of services, training and guidance for starting and growing businesses.

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Sep 21 • 1:41 AM EDT • Business • nevadasagebrush.com
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Putin’s United Russia set to win Russia’s first wartime parliamentary staged election

The Kremlin is likely to present the results as evidence of public backing for Putin's policies and for the war in Ukraine.

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Sep 21 • 1:28 AM EDT • Politics • tvpworld.com
Strain-reduced battery electrode design accommodates multiple ions

Avoiding lattice distortion in multivalent batteries enables the harmonious storage of both calcium and magnesium ions.

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Sep 21 • 1:02 AM EDT • Science • advancedsciencenews.com
Culturally Relevant Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Care Strategies

(Feature Impact) Driven by rising rates of obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure and other risk factors, cardiovascular disease has surpassed cancer as the leading cause of death among Hispanic adults in the United States. googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('fixed-big-ad-top-asset'); }); Hispanic people represent nearly 1 in 5 of the U.S. population and are the nation’s largest ethnic minority group, yet many continue to face barriers to achieving heart health and accessing high-quality healthcare. A new scientific statement published in the American Heart Association’s flagship journal, “Circulation,” revealed how social, economic, cultural and environmental factors contribute to persistent disparities in cardiovascular health, calling for culturally tailored prevention strategies, equitable access to care and greater representation of Hispanic populations in cardiovascular research.“Hispanic populations in the U.S. are incredibly diverse even within their own communities with differences in genetic ancestry, language, cultural traditions and social experiences that can significantly influence cardiovascular health,” said Johanna Contreras, M.D., M.Sc., FAHA, director of the Division of Heart Failure and medical director of the Hispanic Heart Center within the Mount Sinai Health System. “Yet Hispanic people remain underrepresented overall in the research that guides prevention and treatment strategies… Without better representation and more detailed data, we risk overlooking important differences that can help us improve care and save lives.”Hispanic Cardiovascular Health by the NumbersCardiovascular risk factors – obesity (nearly 46%), type 2 diabetes (15.5%) and high blood pressure (approximately 44%) – are prevalent among Hispanic adults and often emerge at younger ages and occur more frequently among Hispanic adults compared with white adults.According to the report, only about 1 in 5 Hispanic adults achieves ideal cardiovascular health as defined by the American Heart Association’s original Life’s Simple 7 metrics. Updated analyses using the Life’s Essential 8 framework demonstrated persistent disparities for heart and brain health, as well as suboptimal dietary quality, sleep patterns and levels of physical activity.Social and Economic Barriers MatterBiology alone does not explain cardiovascular health disparities. The environments where people live, work and age, along with social and economic challenges, impact heart health. In fact, approximately 17% of Hispanics live below the federal poverty threshold, compared with 8.2% of white adults. googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('fixed-big-ad-middle-asset'); }); “Many Hispanic adults face obstacles that extend far beyond the doctor’s office,” Contreras said. “Limited health insurance coverage, language differences, food insecurity, environmental exposures and concerns related to immigration status can make it more difficult to prevent disease, manage chronic conditions and receive timely treatment.”Contreras emphasized the cultural values and practices of Hispanic people also influence how they perceive their health and healthcare options.“Family plays a central role in many Hispanic communities and can be an extraordinary source of strength, support and resilience,” Contreras said. “At the same time, family members are often called upon to translate medical information, navigate health systems and help make healthcare decisions for loved ones. Those responsibilities can shape how health information is understood and acted upon.”An Action Plan for Improving Hispanic HealthThere are practical opportunities to achieve equitable cardiovascular health and reduce disparities through community engagement, culturally responsive care, inclusive research and policies that address the underlying drivers of health.“Reducing cardiovascular disease among Hispanic populations demands action at every level,” Contreras said, “from improving access to culturally responsive care and expanding research participation to addressing the social and environmental conditions that shape health.”By addressing both medical risk factors and the social conditions that shape health, experts believe there is an important opportunity to reduce disparities and help more people live longer, healthier lives. Learn more at Heart.org.Photo courtesy of Shutterstock googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('fixed-big-ad-bottom-asset'); });

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Sep 21 • 1:00 AM EDT • Health • malvern-online.com
Culturally Relevant Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Care Strategies

(Feature Impact) Driven by rising rates of obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure and other risk factors, cardiovascular disease has surpassed cancer as the leading cause of death among Hispanic adults in the United States.Hispanic people represent nearly 1 in 5 of the U.S. population and are the nation’s largest ethnic minority group, yet many continue to face barriers to achieving heart health and accessing high-quality healthcare. A new scientific statement published in the American Heart Association’s flagship journal, “Circulation,” revealed how social, economic, cultural and environmental factors contribute to persistent disparities in cardiovascular health, calling for culturally tailored prevention strategies, equitable access to care and greater representation of Hispanic populations in cardiovascular research.“Hispanic populations in the U.S. are incredibly diverse even within their own communities with differences in genetic ancestry, language, cultural traditions and social experiences that can significantly influence cardiovascular health,” said Johanna Contreras, M.D., M.Sc., FAHA, director of the Division of Heart Failure and medical director of the Hispanic Heart Center within the Mount Sinai Health System. “Yet Hispanic people remain underrepresented overall in the research that guides prevention and treatment strategies… Without better representation and more detailed data, we risk overlooking important differences that can help us improve care and save lives.”Hispanic Cardiovascular Health by the NumbersCardiovascular risk factors – obesity (nearly 46%), type 2 diabetes (15.5%) and high blood pressure (approximately 44%) – are prevalent among Hispanic adults and often emerge at younger ages and occur more frequently among Hispanic adults compared with white adults.According to the report, only about 1 in 5 Hispanic adults achieves ideal cardiovascular health as defined by the American Heart Association’s original Life’s Simple 7 metrics. Updated analyses using the Life’s Essential 8 framework demonstrated persistent disparities for heart and brain health, as well as suboptimal dietary quality, sleep patterns and levels of physical activity.Social and Economic Barriers MatterBiology alone does not explain cardiovascular health disparities. The environments where people live, work and age, along with social and economic challenges, impact heart health. In fact, approximately 17% of Hispanics live below the federal poverty threshold, compared with 8.2% of white adults.#placement_976606_0_i{width:100%;max-width:550px;margin:0 auto;}var rnd = window.rnd || Math.floor(Math.random()*10e6);var pid976606 = window.pid976606 || rnd;var plc976606 = window.plc976606 || 0;var abkw = window.abkw || '';var absrc = 'https://ads.empowerlocal.co/adserve/;ID=181918;size=0x0;setID=976606;type=js;sw='+screen.width+';sh='+screen.height+';spr='+window.devicePixelRatio+';kw='+abkw+';pid='+pid976606+';place='+(plc976606++)+';rnd='+rnd+';click=CLICK_MACRO_PLACEHOLDER';var _absrc = absrc.split("type=js"); absrc = _absrc[0] + 'type=js;referrer=' + encodeURIComponent(document.location.href) + _absrc[1];document.write('');“Many Hispanic adults face obstacles that extend far beyond the doctor’s office,” Contreras said. “Limited health insurance coverage, language differences, food insecurity, environmental exposures and concerns related to immigration status can make it more difficult to prevent disease, manage chronic conditions and receive timely treatment.”Contreras emphasized the cultural values and practices of Hispanic people also influence how they perceive their health and healthcare options.“Family plays a central role in many Hispanic communities and can be an extraordinary source of strength, support and resilience,” Contreras said. “At the same time, family members are often called upon to translate medical information, navigate health systems and help make healthcare decisions for loved ones. Those responsibilities can shape how health information is understood and acted upon.”An Action Plan for Improving Hispanic HealthThere are practical opportunities to achieve equitable cardiovascular health and reduce disparities through community engagement, culturally responsive care, inclusive research and policies that address the underlying drivers of health.“Reducing cardiovascular disease among Hispanic populations demands action at every level,” Contreras said, “from improving access to culturally responsive care and expanding research participation to addressing the social and environmental conditions that shape health.”By addressing both medical risk factors and the social conditions that shape health, experts believe there is an important opportunity to reduce disparities and help more people live longer, healthier lives. Learn more at Heart.org.Photo courtesy of Shutterstock

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Sep 21 • 1:00 AM EDT • Health • manchesterjournal.com
Beyond Ukraine: Why Europe is preparing for a wider conflict

Something is spooking Europe. Something is spooking Europe. Even famously neutral Switzerland adopted a new national security strategy calling for greater resilience and an ability to defend itself against armed attack.

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Sep 21 • 12:00 AM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
France's Macron and Canada's Carney force closer ties

The meeting comes as both countries navigate increasingly strained relations with Washington

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Sep 20 • 11:08 PM EDT • Politics • euractiv.com
INTERVIEW: Canada-style EU deal ‘not an option’ for Ukraine

Kyiv’s desire to reform will wane without a breakthrough on EU membership, warns senior MP

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Sep 20 • 10:00 PM EDT • Politics • euractiv.com
Scientists Grow Partly Human Brains Inside Mice

Breakthrough could speed research into human neurological disorders

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Sep 20 • 9:30 PM EDT • Science • newser.com
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Ukrainian President Zelenskyy says he spoke with President Trump

In a social media post, Zelenskyy said the meeting "could change a lot" and that he and Trump "got through a lot" during their discussion.

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Sep 20 • 8:14 PM EDT • Politics • kake.com
Troy Melton Suffers Potential Injury vs. White Sox

Tigers starter Troy Melton left Sunday’s game against the White Sox with an athletic trainer during the fourth inning.

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Sep 20 • 8:03 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Stanford scientists discover the human brain may actually be two separate organs

Scientists have found that the human brain develops from two distinct cellular systems, suggesting that evolution fused together two ancient nervous systems with very different jobs. The discovery also allowed researchers to grow human hindbrain neurons in the lab, opening new possibilities for studying ALS, spinal muscular atrophy, and other brainstem diseases.

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Sep 20 • 8:00 PM EDT • Science • sciencedaily.com
Scientists Found Over 1,000 Previously Hidden Brain Microproteins

Researchers analyzed more than 600 human brain samples to build a microprotein atlas. They identified 1,067 microproteins, many altered in Alzheimer’s disease, revealing potential new mechanisms involved in aging and neurodegeneration.

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Sep 20 • 8:00 PM EDT • Science • technologynetworks.com
Rainwater tanks may be harbouring hidden health risks

A sample of 100 household rainwater tanks in Australia has found bacteria linked to gastroenteritis and other infections: a salient reminder that rainwater collected from a roof does not necessarily remain as clean as it appears.

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Sep 20 • 7:30 PM EDT • Health • newswise.com
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HCA Healthcare (HCA) Acquires a Healthcare College. Can Training Capacity Improve Staffing?

HCA Healthcare, Inc. (NYSE:HCA) announced on September 15 that it had completed its acquisition of The College of Health Care Professions. The institution serves more than 8,000 students annually through 10 Texas campuses and online programs, offering more than 20 accredited healthcare programs. For HCA Healthcare, Inc. (NYSE:HCA), the opportunity is to connect education more […]

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Sep 20 • 4:33 PM EDT • Health • finance.yahoo.com
Carson Wentz leads team to road win in rain

Minnesota Vikings quarterback Carson Wentz completed 11 of 20 passes for 143 yards, no touchdowns and no interceptions in a Week 2 road victory

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Sep 20 • 4:16 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
My Husband's Vending Machine Business Put Us $1M In Debt In 3 Years. He Drained All Our Bank Accounts, 401(k) And Home Equity

Three years ago, her husband left a stable job to start a vending machine business. Today, the couple is nearly $1 million in debt, their retirement savings are gone, their bank accounts are empty and they have virtually no equity...

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Sep 20 • 3:01 PM EDT • Business • finance.yahoo.com
Ebola outbreak update: Cases and deaths; Dungu health zone, Haut-Uélé province now affected

A total of 73 new confirmed cases of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) were reported on September 18, 2026, including 25 community deaths. Of these confirmed cases, 46 were from Ituri province, 18 from North Kivu, 6 from Haut-Uélé, and 3 from Tshopo. A new health zone, Dungu, in Haut-Uélé province, was affected during the day. As this zone borders South Sudan, strengthening cross-border surveillance is necessary. During the day on September 18, 2026, 12 deaths within Ebola Treatment Centers (ETCs)—10 in Ituri and 2 in North Kivu—were unfortunately recorded, bringing the total number of deaths for the day to 37. However, 41 patients were declared recovered (30 in Ituri, 6 in Haut-Uélé, 3 in North Kivu, and 2 in Tshopo) after testing negative for EVD twice. Since the start of the epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a cumulative total of 7,614 confirmed cases, including 3,676 deaths, has been recorded, representing a case fatality rate of 48.3%. The epicenter remains Ituri province, which accounts for 77.2% of the confirmed cases reported across the seven affected provinces and also accounts for 63.0% of the new confirmed cases. A new health zone was affected on September 18, 2026. Consequently, 63 out of 167 health zones (37.7%) across 7 provinces are affected. Subscribe to Outbreak News TV on YouTube Response measures feature 97% traveler screening at entry points, surveillance expansion to new area Dungu, and community outreach sensitizing over 110,000 people in one day. The Democratic Republic of the Congo’s health system faces deep, structural constraints that predate the current Ebola outbreak and make epidemic response far harder. These problems are most acute in rural areas and the conflict-affected east. Outbreak News Today is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Subscribe Eastern provinces have seen health facilities damaged, looted, or abandoned. Insecurity delays patients, blocks supply deliveries, and exposes staff to attacks. Millions of displaced people live in camps with poor water, sanitation, and health services, increasing outbreak risk. Vast distances and poor roads mean many people walk hours or days to reach care. These same weaknesses explain why Ebola has continued to spread into new, under-prepared health zones even as some original hotspots show improvement: surveillance, laboratory turnaround, contact tracing, and infection control remain thin outside the best-supported sites. The Ministry of Health and partners have scaled up treatment centres, laboratories, and vaccination in the current outbreak, and some digital surveillance systems (DHIS2) provide a useful backbone. However, the underlying gaps in staffing, basic infrastructure, reliable funding, and logistics have not been closed. Without sustained investment in those foundations, the system will remain vulnerable to both routine disease burden and the next large outbreak. If you like the reporting on Outbreak News Today, please consider a paid subscription for $5/month or $30 a year. Help support the cause of this niche journalism. It is appreciated.

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Sep 20 • 2:59 PM EDT • Health • outbreaknewstoday.substack.com
'There must be peace': Zelenskyy, Trump set up New York meeting in phone call

The Ukrainian president thanked Trump for signing the Lindsey Graham sanctions bill into law.

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Sep 20 • 2:48 PM EDT • Politics • tvpworld.com
Chad Gilbert, New Found Glory’s Founding Guitarist, Dead at 45

Longtime member of Florida pop-punk group revealed in March that he was battling brain cancer

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Sep 20 • 2:43 PM EDT • Entertainment • yahoo.com
Todd McLellan Rips Red Wings Veterans After Embarrassing Camp Finale

Todd McLellan sharply criticized Red Wings veterans after Detroit’s final training-camp session, saying the kids out-executed them by a wide margin.

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Sep 20 • 2:43 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
‘No legal effect’: Poland condemns Russian ‘sham elections’ in occupied Ukraine

The Polish foreign ministry also condemned the voting held in breakaway regions of Moldova and Georgia.

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Sep 20 • 2:37 PM EDT • Politics • tvpworld.com
Why politicians should pay more attention to the polls (reprise)

Welcome to the 231st edition of The Week in Polls (TWIP), a polling newsletter that always welcomes new readers. So please don’t keep TWIP a secret; share it with your friends and colleagues: Share The Week in Polls With all the stories swirling around Reform, JL Partners and political polling, I am finally tearing myself away from talking about the regulation of polling this week - and instead re-running a previous piece reminding us why the solution to problems with polls isn’t simply to ban or ignore them. Rather, we need them to play a vital role in making our politics - and politicians - better. This is followed by summaries of the latest national voting intention polls, seat projections from MRPs and the most recent party leader ratings. Subscribers who pay for the full edition can also read ten insights from the latest polls and analyses, including: A trio of organisations and a pair of professors have been casting their eyes over the Liberal Democrats ahead of the party’s autumn conference; What impact did the summer heatwave have on views on climate change? and Which wins out between chocolate and cheese? If you are not yet a paid subscriber, you can read all ten by starting a free trial now: Get FREE 7-day trial For more polling news as it comes in ahead of next week’s edition, you can also follow The Week in Polls on Bluesky. Picking up on my doubt last week about whether or not 35% of British train travellers have tried to order a takeaway for delivery to a railway station or carriage, thank you to reader Iain, who has been in touch to say he has done just that… in India. Another quick pair of updates, this time on the controversies around Reform and polling. Politico has a further scoop - “Farage aide caught in donor sting attended Egypt retreat with JL Partners” - and Ian Dunt has written about the problems with polling too: “Seeing the response of many polling experts in the last few weeks suggests that they are nervous about what is happening and keen to mitigate against it. Seeing the response of journalists, which has been basically non-existent, suggests the precise opposite.” My usual reminder as well: please do hit reply if you’ve spotted a poll, focus group or new piece of poll-based research that you think should be in contention for coverage in a future edition. Thank you! And with that, on with the show. How politicians get public opinion wrong I have written before about the benefits that come from widespread availability of high-quality political polling. We need more polls and more good coverage of polls. However, what I’ve not dug into before is the research into how accurately politicians estimate public opinion on issues. Thankfully we have academic research to tell us. First, the bad news: We present results from a study of 866 politicians in four countries.1 Politicians were asked to estimate the percentage of public support for various policy proposals. Comparing more than 10,000 estimations with actual levels of public support, we conclude that politicians are quite inaccurate estimators of people’s preferences. They make large errors and even regularly misperceive what a majority of the voters wants. Politicians are hardly better at estimating public preferences than ordinary citizens. Walgrave, S., Jansen, A., Sevenans, J., Soontjens, K., Pilet, J.B., Brack, N., Varone, F., Helfer, L., Vliegenthart, R., van der Meer, T., Breunig, C., Bailer, S., Sheffer, L. & Loewen, P.J. (2023a), “Inaccurate Politicians: Elected Representatives’ Estimations of Public Opinion in Four Countries”, The Journal of Politics, 85(1): 209-222. The bad news is not quite as bad as that makes it sound because, when asked whether the majority of public opinion was for or against various policies, politicians picked the wrong option ‘only’ 29% of the time. However, this included getting it wrong even when public opinion is far from evenly split on an issue: They do not only get it wrong when the public is divided and hard to read (e.g., when there is a 51%:49% distribution). Seventy percent of the misplacements occur for policies with a relatively clear distribution of at least 60% (dis)agreeing citizens. Moreover, the public scored only slightly worse than politicians, picking the wrong option 2.7 out of 8 times on average, compared with 2.3 times for politicians. Turning to the other measure of accuracy (not which side is in the lead but what the percentage support is for each side), politicians on average were 18 percentage points out in their guesses. Again, this was only slightly better than the public, whose error came in at 21 percentage points.2 Further research, using the same mix of countries, gives a little more comfort about how (in)accurate perceptions are: We show that politicians have a better understanding of public opinion when they think the issue matters to voters. Further, when an issue is personally important to politicians they more accurately estimate their party supporters’ opinions. The results confirm that politicians hold more accurate perceptions of voters’ preferences when they think it is important to do so but not necessarily when the issues actually are important to voters. Butler, C., Walgrave, S., Soontjens, K. & Loewen, P.J. (2024), “Politicians are better at estimating public opinion when they think it is more salient”, Party Politics: 1–13. Even so, it’s not a good picture. The remedy for this? Politicians should spend more time reading the polls. So forward this newsletter to someone you know… Share For a more general argument against banning polls, see my 2024 piece. Is “Let Bartlet Be Bartlet” good advice or not? The latest episode of my Political Fictions podcast heads across the Atlantic for a dip into one of the political TV classics: Mark and Cory talk about a giant of American political drama for the first time this week, as they tackle The West Wing. They talk about Let Bartlet Be Bartlet, the nineteenth episode of series one. In it, Mark wonders if The West Wing is actually the epitome of the “Boris Johnson school of politics”, Cory outmanoeuvres Mark into confirming we will record a Christmas Special about Love, Actually and they debate whether the central message of this episode has been misunderstood. Cory’s email newsletter is Paperback Rioter and Mark has a family of email newsletters. Subscribe to our newsletter for some additional bonus content and to get alerted whenever a new episode comes out. Our theme tune is “Monkeys Spinning Monkeys” by Kevin MacLeod/incompetech.com and licensed under the Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License. You can also listen to our episode on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, the web or YouTube. Elsewhere from me… [ A Lord's Eye View How to fix the problem of money in our politics Welcome to my latest update on work in the House of Lords. This time I am taking a look at how our political system is regulated, and the protections we need to keep democracy safe from becoming simply a contest to see who has the biggest bank account… Read more 5 days ago · 3 likes · 2 comments · Mark Pack ](https://lordseyeview.substack.com/p/how-to-fix-the-problem-of-money-in?utm_source=substack&utm_campaign=post_embed&utm_medium=web&embedding_publication_id=1269283) If you spot a factual error… Borrowing an idea from Stuart Ritchie and others, if you spot a factual error in an edition of this newsletter, I will give you a free 12-month subscription to the paid-for version (or an extra 12 months on your existing one). Factual errors qualify, but grammatical errors or disagreements over interpretation do not, and my decision is final. Messages about both of those are always welcome, though. Voting intention and leadership ratings Here are the latest voting intention polls from different pollsters. It is all pretty static at the moment, with a small and consistent Labour lead in nearly all the polls. The table is also online here, along with explanations about what is included. It is updated regularly throughout the week as new polls are released. Next are the seat projections from MRPs, also sorted by fieldwork dates, listing those which are based on dedicated fieldwork (rather than models based on averages of other polls). Because such MRPs are published infrequently, some of the entries below are quite old. Finally, here is a summary of leadership ratings, with a graph from PollCheck: Detailed numbers from the latest polls are online here, and both that and the graph are updated regularly throughout the week as new data comes out. For historical figures on both voting intention and leader approval stretching back to the 1930s, including Parliamentary by-election polls, see PollBase. Catch up on the previous two editions [ ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/a-crisis-point-for-political-polling) [ A crisis point for political polling Sep 13 ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/a-crisis-point-for-political-polling) [ Read full story ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/a-crisis-point-for-political-polling) [ ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/extra-questions-about-the-polls-in) [ Extra questions about the polls in Reform’s funding scandal Sep 6 ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/extra-questions-about-the-polls-in) [ Read full story ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/extra-questions-about-the-polls-in) My privacy policy and other legal information are available here. Links to purchase books or other items are usually affiliate links which pay a commission for each sale. Quotes from social media messages are occasionally lightly edited for punctuation and clarity. If you are subscribed to other email lists of mine, please note that unsubscribing from this one will not automatically remove you from the others. If you wish to be removed from all my lists, simply reply to this email to let me know. A quintet of Lib Dem polling analyses, and 9 other polling insights you shouldn’t miss The following ten findings from the most recent polls and analyses are only for subscribers who pay for the full edition, but you can sign up for a free trial to read them straight away. Ahead of the start of Liberal Democrat conference, we have a trio of organisations and a pair of professors with pieces out about Ed Davey’s party:

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Sep 20 • 1:02 PM EDT • Politics • theweekinpolls.substack.com
Patroits vs Steelers: Why is AJ Brown not playing today?

A.J. Brown will miss the New England Patriots’ Week 2 matchup after suffering a high-ankle sprain in his debut.

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Sep 20 • 12:59 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Minecraft Takes Science to a New Level: A Fly’s Brain Was Transplanted Into the Video Game

The experiment demonstrated the potential of gaming as a tool for testing consciousness in a virtual environment.

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Sep 20 • 12:59 PM EDT • Science • levelup.com
Cunningham has also prioritized training in high …

Cunningham has also prioritized training in high …

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Sep 20 • 12:28 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Rain in the forecast for Packers-Jets in Week 2

The Packers and Jets will need to navigate wet and rainy conditions at MetLife Stadium on Sunday.

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Sep 20 • 11:19 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Diesel prices in Bakersfield top $8 a gallon, squeezing trucking firms and raising grocery costs

Bakersfield diesel prices are up 60% from last year, topping $8 a gallon and straining local trucking and farm businesses.

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Sep 20 • 10:31 AM EDT • Business • turnto23.com
Andrew Copp Puts Red Wings Roster on Notice

Andrew Copp says only a small group of Red Wings forwards have cemented roles as competition intensifies throughout training camp.

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Sep 20 • 10:22 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Confirmed: Barcelona suffer Andreas Christensen injury blow after Sevilla win

Barcelona have confirmed an injury setback for Andreas Christensen, with the experienced defender suffering a left thigh strain during the 3-1 victory over Sevilla.The Dane had to be withdrawn in the ...

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Sep 20 • 9:25 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
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4 Habits That Make Brain Fog Worse, According to Mental Health Experts

Brain fog can make getting through the day feel harder than usual. Mental health experts explain four common habits that can worsen brain fog, and what to do instead.

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Sep 20 • 8:00 AM EDT • Health • realsimple.com
Russia-Ukraine war creates new voting bloc in Israel as immigrants find their political voice

More than 102,000 immigrants from Russia and Ukraine since the 2022 invasion are eligible to vote in the October 27 election; several tell ynet that democratic institutions, minority rights, regional investment and immigrant integration are shaping their priorities

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Sep 20 • 7:42 AM EDT • Politics • ynetnews.com
Roma’s Wesley out of Brazil squad after thigh strain

Wesley’s difficult relationship with the Brazil national team continues, with the Roma full-back withdrawing from Carlo Ancelotti’s squad through injury.According to Corriere dello Sport, the Braz...

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Sep 20 • 7:35 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Scientists Unleash Franken-Mice With Brains That Are Nearly Half Human

Scientists grew mice with part of their brain missing and filled the gap with human neurons, resulting in brains that were nearly half human.

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Sep 20 • 7:02 AM EDT • Science • futurism.com
iOS 27 Battery Drain & Overheating? Here’s How to Fix It

Fix iOS 27 battery drain and overheating by identifying power-hungry background processes. Check your battery usage by app to stop the excessive drain today.

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Sep 20 • 7:00 AM EDT • Technology • geeky-gadgets.com
Board risky trainees at an Oglesby business?

There is a shortage of workers trained to install big solar systems, so the industry is turning to ex-convicts and other risky candidates to do the jobs. An Oglesby company is taking that to the next level.

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Sep 20 • 7:00 AM EDT • Business • shawlocal.com
Healthy moms, healthy babies and the best Valentine gift ever

Folic acid is cheap and miraculous for embryonic brain and spinal cord development. Why aren't more women taking it?

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Sep 20 • 6:45 AM EDT • Health • arktimes.com
Brown Health residents struggle with low pay, paid leave

A neurosurgery resident details the struggle of balancing medical training with low pay and lack of family leave.

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Sep 20 • 6:08 AM EDT • Health • providencejournal.com
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Jets vs Packers Game Day Forecast

A cool and rainy day is on deck when the Jets face the Packers

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Sep 20 • 5:00 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Colorado’s population corridor should have corridor-style passenger trains

Here are some points about the upcoming vote to provide funds for the CoCo (Colorado Connector) passenger trains that will run from Fort Collins through Denver and Colorado Springs to Pueblo. Only those voters who live inside the boundaries of the Front Range Passenger Rail District will get to vote on financing the passenger trains. […]

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Sep 20 • 2:45 AM EDT • Politics • coloradopolitics.com
Alameda County health authorities alert of possible measles exposure

State and Bay Area health officials warned of a possible measles exposure Friday after a person infected with the disease traveled by train from the Midwest through California.

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Sep 19 • 11:29 PM EDT • Health • nbcbayarea.com
Dwight Powell back with Mavs for training camp?

Dwight Powell back with Mavs for training camp?

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Sep 19 • 11:20 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
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Nets Announce Dates for Media Day and Training Camp

The Brooklyn Nets are officially getting ready for the 2026-27 season. Here’s when Media Day and training camp will take place as Sean Marks, Jordi Fernández and the rest of the roster prepare for a new campaign.

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Sep 19 • 11:19 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
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Republicans find transgender issues a powerful political weapon in midterm campaigning

He's unpopular, his war is going badly and the US economy is strained.Axios reported that Elon Musk's "America PAC" has begun an ad blitz attacking Democrats over their unpopular transgender positions...

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Sep 19 • 9:40 PM EDT • Politics • yahoo.com
DR Congo rolls out Ebola vaccine for health workers as death toll rises

50,000 frontline staff to receive a jab for a different Ebola strain, with 20,000 enrolled in a one-year clinical trial.

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Sep 19 • 8:36 PM EDT • Health • yahoo.com
DR Congo rolls out Ebola vaccine for health workers as death toll rises

50,000 frontline staff to receive a jab for a different Ebola strain, with 20,000 enrolled in a one-year clinical trial.

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Sep 19 • 8:36 PM EDT • Health • aljazeera.com
California health officials warn of possible measles exposure on Amtrak trains
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Sep 19 • 8:11 PM EDT • Health • cbsnews.com
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Despite rain, attendance strong at yearly south-side business fair

Santa Fe has made efforts to support immigrant-owned businesses, one sign of which is growth in markets like the Feria Southside.

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Sep 19 • 7:00 PM EDT • Business • santafenewmexican.com
Tribes hit hard by wildfires face health effects, cultural losses

Neighbors across the Colville Tribes communities in Washington state knew Matilda Bob’s log home as the “rainbow house,” for its brightly painted exterior. Now it’s gone. Sparked by a lightning […]

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Sep 19 • 6:31 PM EDT • Health • myedmondsnews.com
MLT’s new family-focused indoor entertainment complex open for business

Just in time for the rainy season, Monster Mini Golf opens its doors in Mountlake Terrace, across the street from the Grocery Outlet and Cinebarre. The 18-hole, glow-in-the-dark, mini golf […]

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Sep 19 • 6:25 PM EDT • Entertainment • myedmondsnews.com
MLT’s new family-focused indoor entertainment complex open for business

Just in time for the rainy season, Monster Mini Golf opens its doors in Mountlake Terrace, across the street from the Grocery Outlet and Cinebarre. The 18-hole, glow-in-the-dark, mini golf […]

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Sep 19 • 6:25 PM EDT • Business • myedmondsnews.com
Yankees' Arron Judge Comments On Injury Timeline

The New York Yankees placed Aaron Judge on the 10-day injured list with a calf strain on Saturday

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Sep 19 • 6:15 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Stanford scientists transplanted human brain tissue into mice missing most of their cortex; within months, it grew to occupy more than 90% of the space

Stanford scientists have created a new model for studying human brain development by transplanting lab-grown human brain tissue into mice that were engineered to lack most of their cerebral cortex. Within months, the human tissue not only survived but expanded to occupy more than 90 percent of the cortical space, forming working connections with the mouse brain and spinal cord.

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Sep 19 • 5:25 PM EDT • Science • timesofindia.indiatimes.com
Health officials warning people about measles exposure across 6 counties in CA: Here's what we know

Health officials are warning about a possible measles exposure across California including in the Bay Area. A person with measles who was unvaccinated traveled around the state in trains and buses, ac...

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Sep 19 • 5:11 PM EDT • Health • yahoo.com
Health officials warning people about measles exposure across 6 counties in CA: Here's what we know

Health officials are warning about a possible measles exposure across California including in the Bay Area. A person with measles who was unvaccinated traveled around the state in trains and buses, according to health officials.

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Sep 19 • 5:05 PM EDT • Health • abc7news.com
Frontier Restaurant CEO donates $250,000 to UNM business school

Shannon Rainosek’s gift will support internships, competitions, conferences and international travel for UNM students.

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Sep 19 • 4:48 PM EDT • Business • abqjournal.com
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Frontier Restaurant CEO donates $250,000 to UNM business school

Shannon Rainosek’s gift will support internships, competitions, conferences and international travel for UNM students.

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Sep 19 • 4:48 PM EDT • Business • abqjournal.com
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Trump to form ‘AI Force,’ name AI czar but rejects calls for constraints

A growing chorus of lawmakers and industry leaders have called for moving more slowly on the technology.

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Sep 19 • 3:13 PM EDT • Politics • washingtonpost.com
Farm Safety Week to Highlight Physical and Mental Health

If you think about farm safety, you may have images of tractors, grain bins, and other equipment in mind. But

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Sep 19 • 3:09 PM EDT • Health • q106.com
The Human Brain Isn't Meant to Be Awake Past Midnight, Scientists Warn

Dangerous things can happen.

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Sep 19 • 3:00 PM EDT • Science • sciencealert.com
Yankees Send Aaron Judge Back to the Injured List

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Sep 19 • 2:18 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
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State/Local Health Officials Warn Public Measles Visitor Traveled State

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Sep 19 • 2:03 PM EDT • Health • mymotherlode.com
California warns of measles exposure in six counties from unvaccinated train passenger

Health authorities work to notify people who were exposed to person who traveled through at least six counties

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Sep 19 • 1:57 PM EDT • Health • theguardian.com
Training: Final prep for Sunderland clash

Check out images from training on the eve of our Etihad encounter with Sunderland. Match Preview City v Sunderland: Kick-off time and TV information The Black Cats head to Manchester for a 14:00 (UK) ...

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Sep 19 • 12:30 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
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Scientists Discover How the Brain Adapts When the Rules Suddenly Change

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Sep 19 • 12:21 PM EDT • Science • scitechdaily.com
Your Kitchen Sponge Has More Bacteria Than a Subway Pole: The Startling Science of What’s Really Living in New York Homes

New Yorkers are famously germ-conscious. We hover over subway poles, elbow-push door handles, and carry hand sanitizer like it’s a fifth borough accessory. But here’s the uncomfortable truth backed by peer-reviewed research: the dirtiest place most New Yorkers touch every single day isn’t on the 4 train — it’s sitting next to their own kitchen […]

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Sep 19 • 12:08 PM EDT • Science • yonkerstimes.com
This Simple Snack Could Have Surprising Brain Health Benefits, New Study Says

Here’s what the researchers found.

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Sep 19 • 11:56 AM EDT • Health • health.yahoo.com
Russia holds parliamentary vote in areas it seized from Ukraine in the war

Russia's parliamentary election for the first time is being held in Ukraine's regions that Moscow illegally annexed after the start of its full-scale invasion more than 4 1/2 years ago.

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Sep 19 • 10:28 AM EDT • Politics • opb.org
DJ Moore may have AC joint sprain

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Sep 19 • 10:11 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
The Big Holes in Wearable Heart Rate Variability And Readiness Scores

On September 9th, Apple announced it was revamping its Apple Watch Health Sensing System, rolling out a Readiness score (0 to 10), and increasing the frequency of heart rate variability (HRV) outputs 24-fold. This can be viewed as upping its competition with various other consumer wearable sensors. These “readiness scores” as a composite of multiple metrics, with heart rate variability (HRV) being front and center for most. The majority of Americans are now using wearable sensors, which equates to well over 100 million adults. HRV and Readiness scores are increasingly being marketed as a measurement of autonomic nervous system health, a digital marker for future disease, a clock for biological age, and a holistic metric to promote healthspan and even longevity. (Apple also introduced a new longevity tab and “Health Age”.) None of this has been proven. In this edition of Ground Truths I am going to review what we know about heart rate variability and readiness scores. Heart Rate Variability HRV is the variation in normal heart cycle timing. The variability of the heart rate, the barely perceptible millisecond changes in time between consecutive heart beats (see R-R intervals in the Figure below, left panel), is due to interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagal nerve) inputs. Distinct from heart rate, individuals with the same heart rate can have very different HRVs. It is a rough reflection of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, inadequate to say whether a person’s ANS function is abnormal. For more than three decades, heart rate variability (HRV) has been measured and several studies have found an association of low HRV and clinical outcomes, particularly a link with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. There have also been less well established links of low HRV to risk of early cognitive impairment, dementia, mental illness, Type 2 diabetes and substance abuse. An important reminder is that HRV is a surrogate marker without any established cause-and-effect relationship. If you increase your HRV, that doesn’t mean it will improve health outcomes. In fact, there is no hard evidence for that. All that work linking to health outcomes was done with electrocardiogram (ECG) derived HRV. Now, in the era of consumer wearables, this is getting assessed differently, by optical pulse (yes, the lights you see) plethysmography (PPG) or what is called pulse rate variability (PRV). They are not the same, as shown below (right panel) and only concordant when the delay between the ECG and pulse is kept constant, which basically means at rest. I should mention there’s also what I will call MPV, a mattress mechanical movement sensor, a derived heart rate variability, that companies like Eight Sleep use, even further away from directly measuring HRV. HRV has not one uniform measurement but many different types of quantification, such as RMSSD, the magnitude of difference between successive R-R intervals of normal sinus beats (N-N) or SDNN, the standard deviation of NN intervals, both in milliseconds. SDNN is one of the so-called frequency domain HRVs (others are LF, HF, LF/HF). Different wearable sensors use different metics; Apple has relied on SDNN and nearly all of the others use RMSSD, which is generally considered the more accurate metric. There’s also the different length of time measured, such as for a matter of minutes, all day, or an overnight’s sleep. Short measurements are especially problematic since they don’t capture enough of respiratory modulation and other factors that influence HRV. Share Ground Truths How well does HRV correlate with PRV? There are very limited studies, especially independently done. One that is commonly cited was conducted by Air Force researchers in only 13 healthy adults assessing Oura ring 3 and 4, Whoop 4.0, and Garmin Fenix 6 and showed a correlation coefficient of 0.88 to 0.97 and a mean absolute percentage error from 6 to 10%. The correlation is not a perfect 1.0, but there’s at least a fairly high level of correlation. HRV is supposed to increase during the night due to takeover of the parasympathetic nervous system, and higher during deep sleep. A recent example of my 1 week, all day “HRV,” and one during sleep is shown below. As you can see, the N of 1 data are inconsistent for the same days from different sensors (Oura, AppleWatch, Fitbit Air, and Eight Sleep) by patterns, absolute numbers, and comparison with prior days and weeks. The largest study in over 8 million Fitbit users (the old version, not Google Fitbit Air, introduced in May 2026) gives you a sense of the effect of age, sex, and the 2 different main HRV (here PRV) metrics, with RMSSD on the left and SDRR (=SDNN) on the right below. That study, from data collected in 2018, is a major outlier, since all the more recent ones are tiny with respect to sample size. Many of the companies have not had independent evaluation of their HRV, such as Eight Sleep, but have published a low standard error on their website. There are some other published studies on the correlation between HRV and PRV, but they are all small and only in healthy adults. A scoping review emphasized the lack of study in underrepresented individuals, including the aged, people of color (which affects the PPG signal), and individuals who are underweight or obese. Add the typical adult age 60 plus with one or more chronic diseases. For example, one study in over 900 adults found poor correlation of HRV and PRV, non-uniformly underestimated across many chronic diseases (cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological, respiratory, and others), concluding PRV is “an invalid surrogate for HRV.” A recent systematic review of 43 studies comparing HRV and PRV found reasonable pooled absolute standardized error (HRV as gold standard) but only 10 of the studies provided quantitative synthesis in ideal conditions. Their main conclusion was similarly cautious: “PPG-derived HRV [PRV] should not be regarded as universally interchangeable with ECG-derived HRV across all devices, populations, and recording contexts.” Factors Affecting HRV and PRV That gets me to the long list of factors that affect HRV (and PRV) besides the device, the type of measurement (RMSSD, SDNN or others), the person’s signal, the sensor site, the duration of data capture, if weighting by sleep stage is used, how artifact is processed and corrected. And this list is not complete!: Oura puts out data from their community of users (who input data) on what affects their overnight HRV. The factors currently provided are: no alcohol (increase 8%), melatonin (increase 2%, float tank (increase 2%), wine (decrease 4%), and party (decrease 14%) in overnight HRV. Must be some big parties! Subscribe What is a PRV measurement good for? It has been falsely characterized as an index of “autonomic balance” and a specific indicator of stress. A 2018 review of the studies available for HRV and its relationship to stress, not using any of the current wearables, found that stress can lower HRV. But so can many other factors. The non-specificity of the signal, indexed to the table above, is striking. Evidence from a UK Biobank study of over 46,000 participants with actual HRV looked at genetically predicted HRV, a genetic risk score, that failed to show the expected HRV-mortality link, indicating that _HRV is likely not causa_l, but rather a reflection of person’s physiologic state. A review of consumer wearable HRV data from 5 longitudinal studies showed that nighttime PRV was not associated with perceived stress, and surprisingly higher HRV, in the largest cohort (N=717 participants), was correlated with higher stress. An Oura ring cohort of 525 first-year college students found a link between overnight PRV and perceived stress, but that was also seen with resting heart rate, sleep, and respiratory rate. Several very small studies have examined the relationship of HRV and athletic injuries or guiding training with mixed, and predominantly negative results. HRV biofeedback training with paced breathing had no significant effect on reducing stress or raising HRV, as demonstrated with sham controlled trials. When HRV for multiple days showed a decline in conjunction with body temperature, the Oura ring published data for prediction of Covid. The WHOOP company sponsored an observational study, published in 2026, of 30,000 users for 72 weeks, without a control group, that reported reduced alcohol intake (5.8 % points) by self-report. That doesn’t tell us much, and particularly about the merits of HRV for behavioral change. If you use the same device and conditions as longitudinal trends for multiple (at least 2-3) weeks that may be the one way to get something useful from the measurements. Data for overnight sleep with minimal motion and using RMSSD is the best proxy for real HRV. The reason to look at trends rather than any given night is that it more likely represents something, even though you won’t know with certainty what the “it” is. Keep in mind there are no data, no peer-reviewed evidence, to show that HRV fluctuation in-person has any correlation with health outcomes. Share Readiness Scores These are proprietary scores that integrate different metrics for each of the wearables: no algorithms have been disclosed. They are unvalidated against health outcomes. In a review of 14 composite health scores of readiness and recovery, HRV contributed 86% to the scores, followed by reading heart rate (79%), physical activity and sleep duration (both at 71%). That review noted the substantial variability in measurement protools and lack of standardization. Sleep staging is notoriously inconsistent and inaccurate by these sensors, which adds further to the HRV uncertainties for what the scores, which use sleep stage data, mean. Only resting heart rate has been shown consistently across devices to be extremely accurate. I’ve made a Table to summarize what we know about which metrics are included, the scores, any peer-reviewed studies that compared the readiness score with health outcomes, and the corresponding (if any, NA-not available) citation. You will note that some companies do not use the term “readiness," such as WHOOP for recovery, and Garmin, which has 2 different scores, one of which is Body Battery. Eight Sleep uses the term “Fitness Score.” They all include HRV; Apple includes a new metric they call “Recovery HRV” which among other components uses 7-days of sleep, but it is unclear what this means or how it is differentiated from other scores (there are clearly no data for outcomes). We have no knowledge of how the different components are weighted or whether any of these scores are better than resting heart rate, HRV alone, physical activity, or any other single metric. Since none of these are standardized, they are not interchangeable, so if you get a 90 for Oura that has no relationship to a 90 on a Google Fitbit Air. Notably, the company can update its algorithm for readiness score at any point without notification to device users. Without any useful evidence of actionability for these scores or established relationship with health outcomes, it is hard to make a case for their value. At the Apple recent announcement they showed their Readiness score (0-10) on the watch (Figure below) but there are no published data on this score, not even on their website. It’s available only on their new Watch Series 12 or Ultra 4 [of course, ;-)]. That exemplifies the problems with these scores, lack of data and evidence for being meaningful to promote health. Perhaps the best study (which isn’t saying much) is the WHOOP Recovery for golfer performance, because it did correlate with an objective outcome, even though there was no control group and the authors were all from the company. Among the 389 pro golfers, an absolute 10-per cent point increase in Recovery score was associated with about 0.5 fewer strokes per round. But that’s hardly a health outcome! WHOOP is also conducting a study in over 2,700 runners to see if their recovery score will be linked to less injuries and improved performance, but that is not yet published and has no control group or randomization. Putting This in Context For two decades I’ve been enthusiastic about the potential for digital health and particularly wearable biosensors. Over the years, we’ve seen some great progress for their ability to promote physical activity and accurately detect atrial fibrillation (the first FDA cleared deep learning AI for consumers). That work was the subject of rigorous research. But there are holes in the data and evidence for other metrics. One notable one is the “VO2 max” story that I wrote about earlier this year. At that time many subscribers asked me to cover heart rate variability, which I finally got to here. When I dived into the research and publication for HRV and readiness scores, I expected to find at least some that were of high quality and demonstrated their utility by linkage to health outcomes. To my surprise, I found none. The wearable sensor measurements for HRV (PRV) are, for the most part, accurate, but that validation work has only been done in small studies of healthy adults and does not take into account the long list of factors, from the device, software side, and the user side, that affect HRV measurements. Moreover, this metric chiefly relies on optical sensing and, as we have learned for heart rate PPG sensing, may be less accurate in people of color. Keep in mind that all of the health outcome association evidence comes from ECG-derived HRV; none are from wearable sensor data. I will repeat the key point: there's no peer-reviewed evidence to show that in-person HRV fluctuation—or efforts to raise your HRV— has any correlation with health outcomes. For those of you who look at your HRV on awakening, or even 2+ week trends of it being low, I hope this context helps to relieve any anxiety. Yes, low HRV (not PRV) has been shown to increase risk of some diseases as summarized above. But efforts to raise your HRV—a surrogate metric— has not been established for improving any health outcomes. HRV does not have any evidence of causality (the genetic evidence actually goes against this possibility). In this summary, I have not included data for other wearable sensors such as Polar, Samsung, Withings, Suunto, Amazfit, Coros, Ultrahuman, or additional mattress sensors. These are beyond my first-hand experience, and as far as I know from my in-depth review none have any peer-reviewed published data that differ from the 6 sensors I’ve reviewed here. From the points I’ve gone over above, we’re not ready for readiness scores. Besides being proprietary, they are predominantly based on metrics that have their own issues. It’s compounding the problem, like building a house without a solid foundation that has never undergone a rigorous inspection, and then selling it. Like I mentioned for PRV, you can look at trends over weeks rather than any single day, to get a handle, but even that may not be helpful. There’s simply no evidence that these scores meaningfully relate to health outcomes. I’d emphasize they might, but that requires doing prospective or randomized studies to prove it. None exist. There’s great promise for HRV/PRV utility_. For example**,**_ Prof Maiken Nedergaard, who discovered the brain glymphatics that are essential in eliminating metabolic waste products from the brain during sleep, has posited that HRV could be a non-invasive marker for neuromodulator oscillations, brain-body regulatory circuits, and brain clearance. That would be extremely useful, but like everything else on HRV and readiness scores it requires solid research and validation. The lay media isn’t helping much to get the story straight. Earlier this year The Economist published a piece entitled “The most useful indicator of your overall health” which ordained HRV as an “accumulated stress score.” That’s akin to the false assertion about VO2max: “V02 max is the singular most powerful marker for longevity.” As I’ve summarized here, that is not established. The fact is that so many things can lower HRV, including physical exercise (especially an intense workout), reduced sleep quality, stress, the list above, no less the device, signal, and software. Whatever fluctuations observed have not been correlated with any health outcome. Sadly, “datamaxxers” are widely using HRV and readiness scores that have never been validated to mean anything. We already know that for some people using the sensors for sleep metrics, it can induce “orthosomnia,” an obsession to get high sleep quality, with associated high levels of anxiety. In an experiment done by a company to promote sleep quality for its employees, “For those employees who did use the trackers, many reported feeling perfectly rested until their tracker told them they had had a terrible night. Others were told that they had slept like a baby when they had actually been lying awake worrying about the quality of their sleep. “ The same problem can result from preoccupation with HRV or readiness scores, with anxiety that would lead to further reduction in both. It you are using a wearable like >100 million American adults, it’s OK to look at these data, but contextualized with the major caveats reviewed here. If you are one to require evidence that HRV or readiness scores are linked to health outcomes, you may not even want to look. The companies make it hard to turn them off! Let me end with the companies that make and sell wearables. Apple’s doubling down on HRV (24-fold more reporting and heart rate very 5 seconds) and introduction of a Readiness score tells us that consumers have bought into these metrics and they are joining the club. However, all of this is occurring with a backdrop of tens millions of users, claims about the data that are not backed up by adequate evidence, marketing way out in front of whatever limited data exists, and not being transparent about their readiness score algorithms. The companies can well afford to do the research that is needed to connect these metrics with health outcomes show, once and for all, that increasing HRV or using readiness scores promotes our health. If they believed and invested in the products they are selling, we’d not be in this position of not knowing. That’s essentially where we are with HRV and readiness scores. Perhaps someday this will change and we’ll have good reason to embrace them. NB: I wrote this post. No AI. I have no conflicts of interest with any of its content. Loading... Ground Truths has 215,000 subscribers from every US state and 214 countries. 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