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Eagles injury report: Latest on key players before Ravens matchup
The Eagles are entering Saturday’s preseason matchup against the Ravens with several key players dealing with injuries, including two of their most important young defensive backs
How to watch Diamondbacks-Braves on Saturday night
The Diamondbacks are 2-1 when featured on the Saturday Night Baseball in America, including a 2-1 win over the Braves in April.
Dolly Parton’s ongoing health battle forces country legend to miss major Dollywood event
Dolly Parton appeared virtually at Dollywood's new roller coaster opening after her Nashville doctor grounded her travel over dizziness and dehydration.
Colorado Politics Calendar Aug. 17-23
CoPo’s weekly political calendar will help you find political and public-policy events throughout Colorado. It includes candidate and issue campaign events, public policy meetings, court hearings, state and local party conventions, assemblies, debates, rallies, parades, speaking engagements, traveling dignitary appearances, water meetings, book signings, county commission hearings, city council meetings and more. As a subscriber, […]
Science Hill graduate summits Switzerland's Matterhorn
Science Hill graduate Christian Nutter, a University of Tennessee sophomore, recently climbed Switzerland's 14,692-foot Matterhorn after six to eight months of preparation, saying the dangerous ascent challenged him physically and mentally while allowing him to represent Johnson City during his travels abroad.
DOH confirms 5th cyclosporiasis case in Hawaii
The Hawaii Department of Health is investigating a fifth case of cyclosporiasis in a military member who traveled internationally and to a U.S. state that reported increased cases.
Wildlife science demands effective communication
Wildlife management has come a long way from the days of Aldo Leopold traversing the New Mexico mountains on horseback and the Wisconsin River Valley by canoe. Back then, most decisions were based primarily on observation and experience. Today, highly trained wildlife biologists use sophisticated research, technology and mountains of data to understand everything from population dynamics and habitat needs to disease transmission and predator-prey relationships.
Brandon Butler column: Wildlife science demands effective communication
Wildlife management has come a long way from the days of Aldo Leopold traversing the New Mexico mountains on horseback and the Wisconsin River Valley by canoe. Back then, most decisions were based primarily on observation and experience. Today, highly trained wildlife biologists use sophisticated research, technology and mountains of data to understand everything from population dynamics and habitat needs to disease transmission and predator-prey relationships.
3 Ravens Players to Watch in Week 1 Preseason
Here are the three Baltimore Ravens players to watch in the team's first preseason game against the Philadelphia Eagles.
'Curiosity Cube' gives Kansas City-area kids the chance to be scientists for the day
'THE CURIOSITY CUBE' | A mobile science lab is traveling around Kansas City over the next several days, and its tour started at Union Station on Friday.
Health department confirms case of measles in Seneca County
The patient was unvaccinated and had recently traveled to Pennsylvania, where there have been 296 total cases of measles so far this year.
DeMeco Ryans praises rookie Marlin Klein after catch vs Chargers
Houston Texans rookie Marlin Klein played just 11 snaps in his NFL debut Thursday night against the Los Angeles Chargers.
'The lance head was still inside the pelvis:' Mass grave found in Austria may hold casualties of unknown ancient Roman battle
A new analysis of skeletons recovered from an ancient mass burial has revealed a surprising number of groin injuries.
Glenn Fogel runs the world’s largest online travel business. He still personally reads customer complaints because ‘you gotta get that sh*t right’
The travel industry, like every sector, is experimenting with the best use cases for AI. Fogel is working towards a world where tourism becomes an intelligence system in its own right
Glenn Fogel runs the world’s largest online travel business. He still personally reads customer complaints because ‘you gotta get that sh*t right’
The travel industry, like every sector, is experimenting with the best use cases for AI. Fogel is working towards a world where tourism becomes an intelligence system in its own right
Report Says Average Business Trip Cost Jumped From $834 to $1,128 from 2024 to 2026
Research from Engine shows employees spending 12 days a year on travel-related admin tasks
Jared Kushner to visit Israel and Egypt next week with Board of Peace officials to talk Gaza
President Donald Trump’s son-in-law and negotiator Jared Kushner will travel to the Middle East next week to try to advance plans for an end to the conflict in Gaza after a deal recently announced by the Trump administration ran into Israeli opposition
Trump to rally with New York police in highlighting historic coast-to-coast violent crime drop
President Donald Trump travels to Nassau County Police Academy with Todd Blanche and Kash Patel to rally with cops and tout historic crime drop.
Trip brings MBCON students, Chinese health providers together
Nursing student Lakeya Spicer-Lynch traveled a lot during her 23-year military career but a summer trip to China with her fellow nursing students was her first trip that wasn’t a […]
American Express Expands Virtual Cards for Corporate and Business Travel Spending
American Express is expanding the availability of virtual cards for businesses, as more companies use digital payments to manage expenses and reduce
Scientists travel to Fermilab to discuss future of high-energy physics
Fermilab recently hosted over 500 physicists for the American Physical Society’s biennial Division of Particles and Fields meeting. With presentations by Fermilab Director Norbert Holtkamp and CERN Director-General Mark Thomson, the meeting provided particle physicists the opportunity to come together and consider the future of high-energy physics research.
‘Kids don’t go out and do things anymore’: Youth sports are becoming a thing for rich people
“There's travel, the uniforms, pitching in on the lunches,” said Tanisha Curry, 51, who has custody of her granddaughter. She says her family pitches in.
Why Trust, Not Tech, Will Determine AI Adoption In Business Travel
Trust will drive AI adoption. In this interview AMEX GBT exec talks about how trust impacts usage.
Braves News: ABS Challenges, Tyler Mahle, more
Atlanta Braves news and notes from Wednesday
Even Some Cabinet Members Didn’t Join Trump’s Secret Flight. Here’s Who Did.
The White House aides Natalie Harp and Dan Scavino were among those traveling with the president on a military jet.
MUSC Health and Cigna extend network agreement again, averting higher costs for members
WCIV ABC News 4, Charleston, South Carolina provides coverage of local and national news, sports, weather and community events in the region, including North Charleston, Mt Pleasant, Summerville, Hanahan, Goose Creek, Rantowles, Cottageville, St George, Moncks Corner, Jacksonboro, Ravenel, Cottageville, Walterboro, Sullivans Island, Dewees Island and Folly Beach.
Ravens sign UFL's touchdown leader after injury to Skylar Thompson
The Ravens placed Skylar Thompson on injured reserve and signed former Bears and UFL quarterback Austin Reed.
Braves Acquire Blue Jays Castoff Infielder Shortly After Cut
The Atlanta Braves continue to search for long-term infield options and have now turned to a former Toronto Blue Jays option.
Report: Nate Wiggins avoided structural damage in Tuesday's injury
Ravens head coach Jesse Minter said there was optimism that cornerback Nate Wiggins avoided a serious injury after Wiggins was carted off at Tuesday's practice and further testing reportedly supported that feeling.
The adult brain can repair itself better than scientists thought
The adult brain may be far better at repairing itself than scientists once believed. In mice, researchers discovered a special group of support cells called astrocytes that respond to damaged brain tissue by rebuilding lost cellular networks. Rather than simply moving into the injured area, these cells perform a remarkable maneuver: they create new nuclei and send them traveling through long cellular extensions to repopulate damaged regions.
Scooters are canceled, plus a sports agent and an unsolved murder
The Pulse Newsletter 📣 | This is The Athletic’s daily sports newsletter. Sign up here to receive The Pulse directly in your inbox. Good morning! Hide your best player today. Coming up: 🛴 In MLB, scooter angst 🔍 An unsolved murder 🏈 Minny’s new QB I need to express an old-man sentiment, one that’s festered within me for years: I loathe electric scooters. I recoil every time I travel to a city where they are popular, with sidewalks and plant beds awash in discarded lanky little vehicles. Also, as a new-ish dad, I always think about how dangerous they can be. Anyone,...
Oil prices climb as Iran talks hit new impasse; Tui hit by high fuel costs
Brent crude prices hover near $90 per barrel, as fallout from Iran war hits travel firm Tui’s profits
Orlando Magic Team Reporter Kendra Douglas’ Game plan: Dish Assists to Other Women
As a regional sideline reporter, Kendra Douglas serves as the primary bridge between the team and the public, which sometimes means traveling across the coun...
Surging Mets look to continue recent road success vs. Braves
The New York Mets are eager to build on their surprising late-season road success.
Anker’s travel charger works in almost any country and is down to $20
It can fit in your palm.
2,400-year-old grave of possible ancient pro wrestler discovered in Turkey
A tomb excavated in Aspendos, Turkey, revealed a skeleton buried with several coins featuring ancient wrestlers.
Guests can now step into Times Square history through ‘Times Travel’ experience
Times Travel, an immersive walkthrough experience that takes viewers through the history of the iconic New York City landmark, will open in One Times Square
Ravens' practice schedule before preseason opener vs. Eagles
The Ravens will hold three practices and a Friday walkthrough before hosting the Eagles in Saturday night’s preseason opener
UNCW Business School Students Travel to Prague for Real-Life Consulting Experience by David Glew
This article was contributed by Kestrel Smoot, International Programs Coordinator for UNCW’s Cameron School of Business. During the most recent spring semester, 33 upper-level finance and marketing students from the UNCW’s Cameron School of Business traveled to Prague, Czechia, to participate in an intensive international consulting project. Unlike traditional study-abroad programs, the Prague consultancy project focuses on real client engagement. Each year’s project is entirely new, designed through collaboration between faculty and industry partners to identify a current business challenge that students will address. This year, students worked with MAMS-Champi, a Czech non-alcoholic beverage company that is seeking to expand into other global markets. Throughout the first half of the semester, students attend class at UNCW and prepare for their time abroad by conducting preliminary research, developing analytical frameworks, and organizing themselves into specialized teams responsible for tasks such as marketing strategy, industry analysis, consumer segmentation, and competitive evaluation. The course emphasizes independence and teamwork, requiring students to take ownership of their work, manage deadlines, and collaborate across functional groups. Additionally, faculty serve as advisors, allowing students to navigate the complexities of the project much as they would in a professional consulting environment. Once in Prague, students met with company leadership, toured facilities, and refined their recommendations based on real-time feedback. The in-person component is widely regarded as the most transformative aspect of the program because students must synthesize weeks of work into a cohesive presentation and deliver it to the client, demonstrating professionalism, strategic thinking, and adaptability. Beyond the consulting work, students participated in cultural and educational activities that broadened their understanding of global business environments. They explored Prague’s historic districts, learned about Czech culture, and engaged with local professionals. These experiences helped students understand how economic, regulatory, and social factors shape market opportunities. The Prague consultancy project stands as a defining example of the Cameron School of Business’s commitment to experiential learning, consistently strengthening students’ confidence, enhancing their resumes, and serving as a focal point in job interviews. Employers recognize the value of the hands-on experience and transferable skills students gain, underscoring the program’s role in preparing industry-ready graduates for today’s fast-moving business landscape.
Badgers fans, athletes see trade-offs on Big Ten’s expansion
Two years after the Big Ten Conference expanded to 18 teams, revenue is up but UW-Madison athletes and fans see challenges with more travel for away games.
Vikings’ Aaron Jones raves about ‘special’ teammate amid training camp
Aaron Jones praised Demond Claiborne's rare talent as the Vikings prepare to unleash a revamped rushing attack in 2026.
Braves Opt to Release Veteran Shortstop
The shortstop was originally designated for assignment by the Atlanta Braves back on Monday
Morning Mail: inside the political ‘meme factories’; China questions detainee’s death; Netanyahu rejects Trump’s Gaza plan
‘Buzzer’ economy drumming up outrage online; China’s ‘grave concern’ over death in detention; Trump’s Gaza peace plan in doubt
Red Sox's Adley Rutschman: Traveling with team
Red Sox's Adley Rutschman: Traveling with team
Umpire ejects starting pitcher before Braves-Yankees game begins
The left-hander didn't like a balk call the day before he was ejected
I used Gemini to plan and budget my vacation; I'm never doing it any other way
I no longer plan short trips extensively
Astronaut touches down at Shepherdstown Public Library
Retired U.S. Air Force colonel and NASA astronaut Paul Lockhart drew about 150 children and adults to the Shepherdstown Public Library for an impromptu presentation about space travel and his
Simpson In, Bennett Uncertain: McVay Talks Quarterback Preseason Plan
The comments came on the first day of practice at the Rams' Woodland Hills facility, following two weeks of training camp at Loyola Marymount University. The team will travel to Arrowhead Stadium for an Aug. 15 matchup with the Kansas City Chiefs. "Ty definitely will play," McVay said.
New 140W Touchscreen Travel Adapter For Smart Tech On The Move
The Epicka Pulse Duo Smart Travel Charger can repace a pile of power bricks. One charger and power adapter to replace all those separate ones for your laptop and phone.
VistaJet founder Thomas Flohr shares his daily routine in St. Moritz
Thomas Flohr is the founder of VistaJet, a private aviation service. He's based in Switzerland but travels often between their 25 offices worldwide.
60,000-year-old ostrich eggshell engravings reveal a surprisingly sophisticated human mind
More than 60,000 years ago, humans in southern Africa were engraving ostrich eggshells with intricate geometric patterns that appear far more organized than previously realized. Researchers found recurring grids, parallel lines, right angles, and repeated shapes, suggesting the designs followed deliberate rules rather than being improvised. The engravers may even have planned entire patterns in their minds before carving them.
Braves vs Yankees Highlights ⚾️ MLB on FOX
Check out the best moments between the Atlanta Braves and the New York Yankees.
Devin Booker reacts to Larry Fitzgerald Hall of Fame enshrinement
GLENDALE – Saturday was a celebratory day for fans across the Valley, as Arizona Cardinals legend Larry Fitzgerald is officially enshrined into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Fans across the state travelled to Canton to cheer on their wide receiver, including Phoenix Suns superstar Devin Booker.
Ravens' Jesse Minter Offers Update on Scary Zay Flowers Injury
Baltimore Ravens head coach Jesse Minter revealed that wide receiver Zay Flowers suffered a significant injury during training camp.
The Atlanta Braves Have a Raisel Iglesias Problem
The Atlanta Braves have a problem regrading closer Raisel Iglesias' performance since July 1st.
Belfast’s East Side is a ‘business graveyard’ compared to Searsport
The municipalities take a different approach to economic development, the author says.
Ravens waive rookie CB Matthew McDoom to add Jamon Johnson
The Baltimore Ravens waived undrafted rookie cornerback Matthew McDoom, creating a spot on the training camp roster for inside linebacker Jamon Johnson. McDoom spent his first three collegiate seasons at Coastal Carolina before transferring to Cincinnati for his senior year, finishing his career wit
Brand-New 12-Player Co-Op Open World Game With 92 Rating is Now on PS5
PlayStation 5 gamers have a new 12-player co-op open world game to play that has gotten rave reviews from critics.
5 dead, 4 hospitalized in Louisiana from flesh-eating bacteria outbreak: health officials
WCHS ABC 8 provides local news, weather forecasts, traffic updates, notices of events and items of interest in the community, sports and entertainment programming for Charleston and nearby towns and communities in the Tri-State area, including Huntington, Dunbar, Marmet, Montgomery, Nitro, South Charleston, St. Albans, Cedar Grove, Chesapeake, Clendenin, East Bank, Glasgow, Pratt, Cross Lanes, Elkview, Pinch, Sissonville, Big Chimney, Cabin Creek, Chelyan, Davis Creek, Institute, Jefferson, Loudendale, Mink Shoals, Pocatalico, Quick, Quincy, Rand, Buffalo, Eleanor, Hurricane, Nitro, Poca, Winfield, Culloden, Fraziers Bottom, Hometown, Red House, Scott Depot, Teays Valley, Danville, Madison, Hamlin, Logan, Chapmanville, Man, Delbarton, Kermit, Gilbert, Matewan, Williamson, Summersville, Richwood, Flatwoods, Gassaway, Sutton, Spencer, Ravenswood, Ripley, Mason, Point Pleasant, Ashland, Pikeville, Ironton, Portsmouth, Gallipolis, and Athens.
Cutting sweet foods doesn’t curb cravings or improve health
Changing how much sweet-tasting food people eat may not change how much they crave or enjoy sweetness after all. In a six-month trial, researchers found that people assigned to high-, low-, or average-sweetness diets showed no meaningful differences in their preference for sweet foods, body weight, or markers linked to diabetes and heart disease. Many participants also drifted back toward their previous eating habits once the trial ended.
Cutting sweet foods doesn’t curb cravings or improve health
Changing how much sweet-tasting food people eat may not change how much they crave or enjoy sweetness after all. In a six-month trial, researchers found that people assigned to high-, low-, or average-sweetness diets showed no meaningful differences in their preference for sweet foods, body weight, or markers linked to diabetes and heart disease. Many participants also drifted back toward their previous eating habits once the trial ended.
Colorado Politics Calendar Aug. 10-16
CoPo’s weekly political calendar will help you find political and public-policy events throughout Colorado. It includes candidate and issue campaign events, public policy meetings, court hearings, state and local party conventions, assemblies, debates, rallies, parades, speaking engagements, traveling dignitary appearances, water meetings, book signings, county commission hearings, city council meetings and more. As a subscriber, […]
Braves News: Tyler Mahle debuts, win streak snapped, and more
Atlanta Braves news and notes from Friday.
Shadow bands are an eclipse mystery scientists are trying to unravel
Solar eclipse viewers often witness a phenomenon known as shadow bands just before and after totality. An upcoming eclipse offers a new chance to study this mystery.
Braves' Matt Olson: Goes long in Friday's loss
Braves' Matt Olson: Goes long in Friday's loss
Former Braves star’s wife hospitalized after health scare
"Getting checked out is always the right choice.”
Clutch Partner: City business given opportunity to engrave trophy At final World Cup match
The finishing touch to this year’s World Cup came courtesy of a Jamestown business. The FIFA World Cup wrapped up a few weeks ago, and at the end of every match one player was awarded the Superior Player of the Match trophy. This trophy for the final match, awarded to Terran Forres, who scored the […]
National Grid's BioBus brings science lab to Albany's Lincoln Park
WRGB CBS 6 provides local news, weather forecasts, traffic updates, notices of events and items of interest in the community, sports and entertainment programming for Albany, New York and nearby towns and communities in the Capital City area, including Cohoes, Watervliet, Colonie, Bethlehem, Guilderland, New Scotland, Coeymans, Green Island, Knox, Berne, Westerlo, Rensselaerville, Colonie, Menands, Green Island, Ravena, Altamont, Voorheesville.
Braves Make Ha-Seong Kim Decision Before Yankees Series
The Atlanta Braves have put shortstop Ha-Seong Kim back in the lineup ahead of their series against the New York Yankees. The post Braves Make Ha-Seong Kim Decision Before Yankees Series appeared first on HEAVY.
Yankees, Braves in rain delay to begin Friday night game
The Braves are in the Bronx, but so is bad weather.
Braves at Yankees rain delay chat and discussion
The weather is already nasty in the Bronx, oof.
Disney Topps Cards and Lorcana Drive Big Business for Company
From collectible card sets by Topps to card games by Hasbro and Ravensburger, the entertainment giant has found a growth business in a mature consumer products world.
Ravens to sign LB Jamon Johnson
The Ravens will close out the week by adding a linebacker.
Inside the Zay Flowers deal
Earlier this week, the Ravens and receiver Zay Flowers agreed to terms on a new deal that, by way of new money, put him in the Justin Jefferson tax bracket at $35 million annually.
Colts CB Cam Taylor-Britt suspended one game
The Colts won't be able to put cornerback Cam Taylor-Britt in the lineup for their season opener against the Ravens.
Peru Heals Rift With Mexico by Freeing Leftist Politician
Peru’s government cleared an embattled former prime minister to leave the country and travel to Mexico in a move that eases diplomatic tensions between the two estranged Latin American countries.
Braves' Michael Harris: Crosses plate three times in rout
Braves' Michael Harris: Crosses plate three times in rout
Vitamin C may fight cancer — but not the way scientists once thought
Linus Pauling was widely mocked for claiming that vitamin C could fight cancer, especially after trials using vitamin C pills showed no benefit. Researchers now know that intravenous vitamin C reaches vastly higher concentrations and can behave more like an experimental cancer drug than an ordinary supplement. Early studies suggest it may damage vulnerable cancer cells, reduce treatment side effects, and possibly improve outcomes for some patients.
Braves' Ronald Acuna: Logs two homers in victory
Braves' Ronald Acuna: Logs two homers in victory
Sean McVay declines to discuss Rams' plans for Australia travel
On most topics raised during a press conference, Rams coach Sean McVay is willing to provide reporters with an answer.
Ranking every position group on the Ravens’ 2026 roster
The Baltimore Ravens filled out their roster this offseason with a number of notable additions in the draft and free agency. Now, with the 2026 season fast approaching next month, position groups will be finalized across training camp and preseason action over the next few weeks. Which of the team’s position groups are the strongest? […]
Central Ohio small business comes to aid of store in Buc-ee’s fight
UPPER ARLINGTON, Ohio (WCMH) — A central Ohio bakery is helping a Dayton-area business in its legal battle against travel center chain Buc-ee’s. Buc-ee’s has filed a trademark lawsuit a…
In the Sport-light: Roundup of news from Hull's wide world of sports
Compiled by Matt Haraden • Registration for the 2026-27 Hull Pirates Youth Basketball Travel season (boys and girls entering grades 3 -8) is now open. Families are encouraged to register early to help with team planning and ensure players are ready for the upcoming season. The
Kern County Public Health confirms first cases of measles
BAKERSFIELD, Calif. (KGET) — Kern County Public Health has confirmed the first two measles cases in Kern County. According to county health officials, the cases are due to travel-related expo…
CLEAR Launches Corporate Memberships, Bringing Seamless Travel Benefits to Business Travelers From Home to Gate
/PRNewswire/ -- CLEAR (NYSE: YOU), the secure identity company, announced the launch of CLEAR Corporate Memberships, an industry-first enterprise offering that...
Square Enix teases Octopath Traveler 3, aware of high expectations for the game
Developers of the Octopath Traveler series all but confirmed Octopath Traveler 3 for the future in a new interview.
Leprosy cases climb in Florida: Here’s how to reduce your risk
Leprosy is considered rare in the U.S., and most Americans catch the disease while traveling abroad.
Yankees injuries: Where Aaron Judge, Cody Bellinger stand after latest progress
The Yankees are off Thursday, then are home this weekend for a series against the Atlanta Braves.
Ravens OC Declan Doyle: Ja'Kobi Lane a friendly guy to throw to, has hands like Michael Thomas
Zay Flowers landed a big new contract in Baltimore this week, but he's not the only wideout that the Ravens are excited about for the 2026 season.
Global business travel spending to hit record $1.71T in 2026: GBTA
Although business travel spending is increasing, the number of trips is growing at a slower rate, indicating corporate travel is becoming more selective.
Braves' Didier Fuentes: Steps up for second save
Braves' Didier Fuentes: Steps up for second save
Ravens Jesse Minter Says Lamar Jackson Critics Drive Him 'Insane'
Baltimore Ravens head coach Jesse Minter doesn't buy into anything that is said about Lamar Jackson.
Southwest Airlines is courting business travelers with a new offering: Here's everything you can get out of it
The new Business Priority program, available in early 2027, means more flexible options for frequent corporate fliers.
Chartbook 464 The"China squeeze" - the politics of development counterfactuals.
There are three types of China shock discourse. Each has a distinct temporal register. China shock 1.0 was a phrase coined by US academics in the 2010s to retrospectively summarize the impact on particular US labour markets, which they identified through painstaking empirical investigation. China shock 2.0 on everyone’s lips in Europe in the mid 2020s is an alarm raised by trans-Atlantic policy thinkers warning of a coming disaster which they project onto Europe’s ailing car industry. The third type of China shock discourse - commonly known as the “China squeeze” launched most recently by Indian economists Shoumitro Chatterjee and Arvind Subramanian in the pages of Foreign Affairs - mobilizes a different, more speculative temporal register: the counterfactual realm of alternate history. The China squeeze argument asks not what has happened, or what is going to happen, but what might have been. Specifically, what options for economic development might have been open to Global South economies like India or the economies of sub-Saharan Africa, had it not been for China’s spectacular industrialization since the late 1990s and the persistent competitiveness of China’s manufacture in low-skilled segments. Chatterjee and Subramanian’s argument is that whilst China has built a powerful position in electrical machinery and other high-skill manufacturing, which is now delivering China Shock 2.0, it also continues to run a trade surplus in low-skill, labour-intensive manufacturing. This surplus is large and has remained largely unchanged in fifteen years. Indeed, in the 2010s, in trade with low-income countries, China’s surplus rapidly increased. On their reading, this squeezes low-income producers in low-skill sectors in which they “should” be able to compete. Source: “China’s Mercantilist Squeeze on Developing Countries” Shoumitro Chatterjee and Arvind Subramanian. Peterson Institute for International Economics 26-7 May 2026 Chatterjee and Subramanian’s wording is telling: (emphasis mine) The canonical trajectory of economic development in the post-World War II period is for countries to transition from agriculture to manufacturing, first in low-skilled manufacturing and then later on to high-skill manufacturing (Herrendorf, Rogerson, and Valentinyi 2013). At the global level, this implies that high-income countries (HICs) that once specialized in low-skilled activities cede manufacturing export space to poorer countries that come along to occupy that space. In 1965, advanced economies accounted for about 60 percent of global value-added exports in four key low-skilled manufacturing sectors, i.e., apparel, leather, textiles, and footwear. Over time this share declined and began to be occupied first by the East Asian tigers and, beginning in the late 1990s, by China. Today China accounts for about 50 percent of the global market. The question is whether China, with its rising prosperity, is continuing to behave like its richer counterparts and ceding export space to poorer followers or to behave unlike them and continuing to occupy space. In terms of the conceptual maneuvers it performs, of the three China shock discourses, the “China squeeze” argument is by far the most ambitious. After all, it bases its critique of China on a counterfactual imagining of the world. Like any counterfactual argument, to construct this alternative reality it must rely on a heuristic model. To make their argument Chatterjee and Subramanian mobilize two key claims. The first reference point is the actual history of rich-country industrialization, what they refer to as the “canonical path”. The idea is that countries transition from agriculture to light industry and low-skilled manufacturing and from there up the value chain. To make this useful as a standard of comparison and a means to construct a normative standard, they adjust sectoral export shares for two factors: 1. the underlying level of economic development of the exporting country, as measured by national income and 2. the degree to which the sector in question is internationalized. The idea being that for a high income country to have a high export share in low-skill sectors is anomalous and even more so if that particular product is highly internationalized and thus suitable for being “conceded” to lower-income competitors. Where should this process end? Here Chatterjee and Subramanian introduce their second benchmark. Their normative idea of a global development path is one in which, in due course, low-skill manufacturing exports are distributed in proportion to a country’s share in the global labour force. They imagine, in other words, a world of proportional, polycentric global development without much national specialization in low-skill manufacturing. A useful benchmark is that, in labor-intensive manufacturing sectors, a country’s share of world exports should be broadly commensurate with its share of the world’s low-skilled labor endowment. … In the Heckscher-Ohlin model, this would be true if value added per worker and export propensities, i.e., fraction of output that is exported, are the same across countries. It is this pleasant liberal vista of orderly global development, progressing towards a general distribution of low-skilled manufacturing against which they judge reality and conclude that the low-income countries are suffering a “China squeeze”. China is not exiting low-skill sectors fast enough Allowing for its gdp level and the degree of globalization, China’s share of low-skill manufacturing exports is far higher than it “should” be. Relative to population, its low-skill share of exports is far too high. That in turn yields the conclusion that huge numbers of jobs - the authors suggest tens of millions - are being hoarded by China. For the four sectors captured in figure 4, this excess in value-added exports is $110 billion in 2022. For all low-skilled sectors overall captured in appendix figure D.1, excess value-added exports amount to $365 billion. The crowding out of LMIC exports by China is therefore substantial. Both these claims have in common that they are strong structuralisms. The first is that development paths ought to resemble each other. The second is that broadly speaking as far as low-skilled manufacturing is concerned, all countries are alike. If the world currently diverges from the distribution of trade implied by these assumptions, if China is not following the advanced economy path and has huge exports, this must be the result of “policy”, which the authors then put in question as illegitimate or unfair. Thus the naturalistic construction of a canonical path leading to a “level” distribution of low-skilled manufacturing reveals itself to be a polemical tool. From the point of view of China shock polemics, this discourse is no doubt welcome. But as an account of economic history, it must surely be regarded as nothing short of bamboozling. Development paths do not follow a regular, natural sequence. As David Fishman put it aptly, “development is not a queue”. They are always and everywhere, through and through political. Development is not so much a process, as a project. Each such project is more or less well adjusted to its context. As Gerschenkron taught uneven and combined development implies differentiation rather than simple imitation on a single parth. It may be true that Europe and the US exited relatively early from low-skill work. But clearly technology has changed. As C&S themselves point out, China no longer enjoys a low wage environment. Do they really believe that such huge differences can be accounted for either by industrial policy, which as they admit does not operate powerfully in low-skill sectors, or by exchange rate manipulation? What is overwhelmingly dominant in explaining the persistence of “low-skill” manufacturing in China are surely the network effects of complex supply chains. Indeed the label of “low-skill” may miss the point. The degree of globalization which Chatterjee and Subramanian decide to conjure away in their model of the development path - to allow for the fact that Europe and American textiles exporters did not enjoy just-in-time logistics in the 1950s - obscures the point that the networks through which Chinese factories supply the world are themselves key parts of the low-skill industrialization project. China isn’t knocking out 1970s style “cheap”. It has redefined the entire product cycle. C&S’s casual reference to “T-shirts” is telling. In today’s “fast fashion”, there is weight on both terms. Fashion and fast. China’s success in delivering on both at unprecedentedly high speed and at unprecedentedly low cost, isn’t a low-skill operation at all. If we see development trajectories not as the serial repetition of the same, but as distinctive, crafted projects that cumulate in complex agglomerations of skill, technology and labor, then this explains why the assumption that low-skilled manufacturing should follow the distribution of population flies in the face of all experience. As countless cases attest, low-wage, low-income developed economies are not by themselves the makings of a competitive production base. As Leon Liao puts it quite fairly: “International trade has never been allocated according to population. A country’s population gives it no natural claim to an equivalent share of global exports." And the remarkable fact is that Subramanian alone and with co-authors has long been making this point, not to pillory China, as is the case of the tendentious _Foreign Affair_s and Peterson pieces, but to highlight the great counterpart to China’s industrial success, namely India’s relative failure. The much-quoted Foreign Affairs piece showed low-skill export shares only for China, not for India. If you put both countries in the picture as Chaterjee and Subramanian have done on other occasions, the picture looks like this. China is far above the line, but India, almost as large in terms of population, is no less anomalous, just in the opposite direction. As far as global populations are concerned, and the imagining of tens of millions of “squeezed” jobs, it is this Sino-Indian pair that account for a huge share of the action. What this graph reveals is not China’s cheating, but India’s “greatest development failure”, at least this is the argument made Arvind Subramanian, this time in co-authorship with Devesh Kapur, in their major book, A Sixth of Humanity. Independent India’s Development Odyssey which appeared with Oxford University Press earlier this year. In this highly critical work on India’s development, China is repeatedly evoked, not to criticize but as a benchmark against which to illuminate what India’s political economy has not delivered i.e. large-scale formal employment for hundreds of millions of citizens. Kapur and Subramanian leave no doubt, if you want to understand why China, not India was the main driver of manufacturing globalization from the 1980s, don’t look to slots opening up in the division of labour thanks to the liberal mindedness of advanced economies, look to the contrasting political economy of the Maoist PRC and India’s post-independence political economy. As Kapur and Subramian note: The great divergence between China and India did not begin in 1978 with the Deng reforms—it was well underway by then. In one of the great ironies of modern history, the conditions created by Maoism turned out to be a great launching pad for industrial globalization. As the comparison of India and China in 1980 makes clear, to imagine manufacturing would be equally distributed when populations are so differently endowed in terms of educational and nutritional is fanciful. Here is the data from Kapur and Subramanian, data which I explored back at the very beginning of Chartbook. As Kapur and Subramanian insist, the striking fact is that even as India’s growth accelerated from the 1980s, structural change has not. Formal employment in India lags woefully behind. Why? As Kapur and Subramanian note, the path-dependent impact of India’s poor early start was devastating. The list of factors they mention is long and weighty: We argue for a new five-fold explanation applicable at different stages of Indian history: in the initial stages, the legacy of two key pre-1980s policies, the neglect of agriculture and the strangling of the domestic private sector, were critical. The failure of broad-based agricultural growth militated against rural industrialization, which would have been devoted to satisfying local needs that would have necessarily been labour intensive. Then, when the boom came after 1980, the thicket of regulation and broader labour protections that were legislated prematurely in a nascent democracy, underpinned by a deep ideological aversion to private capital in general and big capital specifically, became a barrier to attaining the size that would be necessary to compete globally. Similarly, the reforms after 1991, while wide-ranging, did not quite encompass non-tradeable inputs critical to manufacturing, namely, land, logistics infrastructure and power. A combination of low investment (logistics infrastructure), regulation (land) and the continued monopoly supply by state governments (power), combined with residual socialism, kept costs at 75–100 per cent above efficient supply. These factors were compounded on the supply side by the government, which dominated the formal labour market and established exorbitantly high wages at the lower end of the skill spectrum. This made their employment in the labour-intensive sector by the private sector less attractive. Finally, when the services sector and its exports boomed, wages soared even further via a Dutch Disease effect: one successful tradeable sector killed and cannibalized another less-skilled tradable sector, namely, manufacturing. Thus, scarcity-inducing policies of the planning era, precocious democracy and a Gandhian aversion to size; inefficient, monopolistic supply of critical non-tradable inputs; the behemoth of government; and super-successful skill-intensive services successively undermined India’s unskilled labour employment opportunities. The employment failure seems to have been over-determined. … Less quantifiable but no less important are some of the sociological factors that have undermined manufacturing and factory jobs. Take the impact of the success of the IT sector—located in urban areas with better working conditions, such as air-conditioned offices, good schools for children and attractive entertainment options. It became a more attractive place for engineering and management graduates to flock to. … Consider manufacturing and female employment. Indian society makes it difficult for women to work, reflected in India’s unusually low female labour force participation (elaborated in Chapter XIII). Indian society, in particular the routine harassment of women in public spaces, makes it even more difficult for them to travel long distances to take up work.37 Combined with onerous regulations on creating hostels and dormitories for women—which, in turn, prevents multiple shifts of operation—factories need to be located in areas with a large female labour pool. While firms can take apparel plants to female labour or bring them to the plants by building large-scale dormitories, this raises costs. If there was a case for subsidies to encourage labour-intensive manufacturing, housing subsidies to build dormitories for women workers would be a good place to start. All of this meant, that when opportunities did open up, in part thanks to adjustments in China, India was in no position to take advantage. Here is the account of the 2020s from Kapur and Subramanian. It stands in dizzying contrast to the one-sided, “China squeeze” argument delivered in the Peterson and Foreign Affairs pieces: In 2022, for example, India’s share of global exports in clothing (the canonical labour-intensive sector) was 3.1 per cent compared to 32 per cent for China. This is extremely disappointing because China started vacating export space in this sector after the Global Financial Crisis as its wages started rising; it then vacated further space in the aftermath of geopolitical developments that led investors to seek alternative investment locations. Between its peak and today, China lost about 7.5 percentage points of global export share (worth about $43 billion in 2022); over this period, India’s export share remained stagnant at 3 per cent, while that of Vietnam and Bangladesh rose by 3.5 to 4 percentage points. China’s loss did not translate into any gain for India in terms of low-skill exports and employment. Put differently, when the conditions for dynamism and prosperity were established after 1991, and even more tantalizingly when the global export opportunities opened up, it was as if India was a high-wage economy and only skilled labour could benefit from the dynamism. It had converted its physically abundant unskilled workforce into an economically expensive resource, penalizing its use. It is not my mission here to argue for or against Kapur and Subramanian’s interpretation of India’s development trajectory. The point in this context is simply that the “China squeeze” such as it is can only be understood, in relation to the heavy burden of domestic constraints that Kapur and Subramanian so unsparingly enumerate. I am concentrating here on India because it is the great counterpart to China and the unspoken reference point of the “China squeeze” discourse. But the point is more general. Can anyone with a straight face suggest that the main problems afflicting the development of South Africa or Nigeria, the great centers of mass underemployment in sub-saharan Africa, are cheap competition from China driven by Beijing’s industrial policy and an undervalued RMB? Likewise, is the main problem of the American working-class the threat of Chinese competition or the manifest crisis of social reproduction in the United States itself? The point here, as in the discourse around China shock 2.0 in Europe, is to insist that we should not normalize the world and pathologize China, without actually investigating what is going on in America’s industrial wastelands, the German car industry, or India’s lopsided labour market. One-sided pathologization should be understood for what it is, a polemical gesture. Concepts like China shock and China squeeze are, what Reinhart Koselleck, following Carl Schmitt, would have described as “asymmetrische Kampfbegriffe”, or “asymmetrical counter-concepts” or “asymmetrical combat concepts”. If the function of arguments like the “China squeeze” is to alert elites in the rest of the world of the need to rejuvenate and energize their development projects, so be it. But let us see the resulting discourses as the mobilizing interventions that they are. Interestingly, a significant slice of China’s public sphere - the so-called industrial party - have been obsessed for the last twenty years with precisely these questions of counterfactual economic history. Since the mid 2000s, a massive online discourse developed around an alternative history in which Chinese techno-patriots were asked to imagine how they would proceed if they had the possibility of traveling back in time to transport modern technology into the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) thus averting the “great divergence” of the 18th and 19th centuries. It is a fantasy of course, but also a goad. The point was not directed at Westerners. The alternate history is dramatically nationalist, but few n the West had even heard of it until recently. The adherents of the industrial party are not liberal moralists. They don’t project natural ladders of international development and ask why others don’t cede space. They take the Realpolitik of global economic development for granted. Their pointe was directed against fellow Chinese. The rallying cry of the alternative narrative was this: Now that we are beginning to gain steam and push forward on our national development path, now that we are breaking out of the inferior position assigned to us even in the early years following WTO accession, do not lose yourself in humanistic imaginings about better futures. In the spirit of Deng, they called on China to embrace the hard truth of development. Perhaps one might of the Industrial Party as a cultural trend born out of desire for symbolic revenge against those who had inflicted the century of humiliation. In terms of the various temporalities of the “China shock” - retrospective, prospective and counterfactual - one might think of the Industrial Policy discourse as truly speculative, conjuring up the China shock that never was. Or perhaps one might better think of it as imagining a world in which a powerful China was no shock at all, but simply a defining fact of modern history. I love putting out Chartbook. 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