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Athletics take on the Red Sox after White's 4-hit game
The Athletics take on the Boston Red Sox after Tommy White had four hits against the Red Sox on Tuesday.
Being Trump’s favorite international bureaucrat has a price
FIFA President Gianni Infantino cultivated one of the closest relationships to the White House of any world leader. A Democratic flip of the U.S. House could make him pay for it.
Being Trump’s favorite international bureaucrat has a price
FIFA President Gianni Infantino cultivated one of the closest relationships to the White House of any world leader. A Democratic flip of the U.S. House could make him pay for it.
Liverpool reveal new away kit
Liverpool have released their new away kit for the 2026-27 season, which is a white shirt with three red stripes down the arm. The away strip has been inspired by "Liverpool's away kits from the mid-80s" and is completed with red shorts and white socks. The Reds' goalkeeper away kit is predominantly purple, featuring black arms.
Nobody Knows What to Expect From Michigan Football
The biggest storyline surrounding Michigan this season will be how quickly the program adjusts to new leadership under head coach Kyle Whittingham. The Wolverines have built a reputation around physical football, strong defense, and controlling the line of scrimmage, and maintaining that identity will be a major focus as the program enters a new chapter.…
White Dwarf 527: The Inside Scoop on Warhammer 40,000
Miniatures and rules for the new edition of Warhammer 40,000, solo missions in the Jade Abbey, and more.
USA's Sebastian Berhalter Joins Middlesbrough From Vancouver Whitecaps
United States midfielder Sebastian Berhalter has transferred to English Championship side Middlesbrough from the Vancouver Whitecaps, announced by both clubs Tuesday.
Houston’s minority business contracting program ruled unconstitutional
A white couple from Spring sued the city in 2023, alleging their lawn care business, Landscape Consultants of Texas, Inc., could not “compete on an equal footing with other businesses.”
Space Science’s Golden Age Problem
The White House released a sweeping vision for the nation's R&D enterprise, with significant implications for space sciences.
Bracing for another Fauci hearing
Plus: Democrats take on Trump over IVF, and Trump's White House releases a new science funding blueprint.
Replay Sports Cards Returns to Chicago for the National Sports Collectors Convention with a Full Week of Giving Back
Replay Sports Cards ("Replay"), America's first national franchise dedicated exclusively to the hobby, is spending the days leading up to the 2026 National Sports Collectors Convention (July 29-Aug. 2) at the Donald E. Stephens Convention Center in Rosemont, giving back to the Chicagoland community that will host the industry's biggest show. Between hosting trivia night before a Chicago White Sox game, donating cards to patients and families at La Rabida Children's Hospital, and placing donation
Politics & Power: Voting rights, election fears & the battle for Congress in 2026 midterms
A former White House attorney is warning that a series of executive actions — from changes to voting rules to the removal of election oversight officials — may be laying the groundwork for unprecedented federal intervention in the upcoming midterm elections.
How Trump’s ‘America first’ administration could shut US scientists out of the next Nobel-worthy discovery
A proposed White House rule would give political appointees unprecedented control over scientific funding. One physicist, who helped discover the Higgs boson, explains how the rule would’ve stifled that breakthrough.
NC Secretary of State visits Whiteville to meet with rural small business owners
North Carolina Secretary of State Elaine Marshall visited Whiteville to meet with small business owners and community leaders as part of her Rural Rise NC initiative, which aims to help small businesses succeed in rural areas.
A single sauna session sends immune cells surging
A single 30-minute sauna session may briefly put the immune system on higher alert. Finnish researchers found that sauna heat, paired with a short cold shower, increased every type of white blood cell circulating in the bloodstream, including key infection fighters such as neutrophils and lymphocytes.
Game Thread: Yankees (59-46) at White Sox (55-49)
The Bronx Bombers face off against the South Siders in tonight’s series opener
How will Trump’s new science strategy change US research?
The White House recently released two documents that could disrupt which scientists, research groups, and projects the US government funds.
MLB trade deadline buzz: Cubs and White Sox in on Reid Detmers, Marlins not in full sell mode and more
THE WEEK OF JULY 27, 2026
- White House releases vision for science - DOE expands Genesis Mission - Congress heads off on break
The cost of running the White House
It costs millions of dollars to run the president's official residence and workplace. Here's a breakdown.
Dana White decries UFC broadcast production again: ‘Brutal’
UFC CEO Dana White continues to publicly criticize the production quality of his promotion’s broadcasts. Earlier this month, following UFC 329, White took aim at his producers after another high-profile incident of misidentifying a celebrity attending the event. While showing an image of Shakur Stevenson, a boxer who was recently signed to the boxing promotion…
Eddie Smith transfers Grady-White Boats to nonprofit ownership
Grady-White Boats owner Eddie Smith, 83, has transferred ownership of the company’s voting stock to a trust that will ensure the company remains independent and will operate in concert with his values, he told the New York Times.
New York Yankees vs. Chicago White Sox: Series Preview
What to expect against the current AL Central leaders
Dana White provides update on Conor McGregor after surprising video
Conor McGregor posted a video of him doing leg lifts despite reporting he injured his right knee and Dana White provided an update on the situation.
49,065 Shares in PENN Entertainment, Inc. $PENN Acquired by Whitebox Advisors LLC
Whitebox Advisors LLC acquired a new stake in shares of PENN Entertainment, Inc. (NASDAQ:PENN - Free Report) in the first quarter, according to the company in its most recent disclosure with the SEC. The firm acquired 49,065 shares of the company's stock, valued at approximately $737,000. Other lar
How Trump’s “America First” Administration Could Shut U.S. Scientists Out of the Next Nobel-Worthy Discovery
A proposed White House rule would give political appointees unprecedented control over scientific funding. One physicist, who helped discover the Higgs boson, explains how the rule would’ve stifled that breakthrough.
Hubble finds four hidden stars just 65 light-years from Earth that astronomers could never see before
Astronomers have directly detected four previously hidden white dwarfs orbiting nearby red dwarf stars, solving a long-standing observational challenge and improving our understanding of how close binary star systems evolve. The newly confirmed stellar remnants lie within 20 parsecs (around 65 light-years) of the Sun and had remained concealed because their faint light was overwhelmed by the much brighter glow of their companion stars.
Athletics' Tommy White: Settling into full-time role
Athletics' Tommy White: Settling into full-time role
Astros Even the Series Behind a Dominant Hunter Brown Outing
The winning streak continues for Houston. The Astros beat the White Sox 4-1 Saturday night to take the series lead.
Science 4 Everyone: Everything you need to know about white-tailed deer in DMV
Deer is practically everywhere in the DMV but do you know any facts about them? Storm Team4 meteorologist and science teacher Ryan Miller talks about their population and how they live in the DMV.
The shrinking world of former president Joe Biden
Cancer treatment has sharply limited Biden’s post-White House life even as his upcoming memoir threatens to reopen debates over his health and presidency.
The shrinking world of former president Joe Biden
Cancer treatment has sharply limited Biden’s post-White House life even as his upcoming memoir threatens to reopen debates over his health and presidency.
Vance, Caine raised munitions stockpile concern, source says, as US pauses consecutive nights of strikes in Iran
Vice President JD Vance and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. Dan Caine both raised concerns about the US munitions stockpile to President Donald Trump as he weighed potentially escalating the war with Iran during a White House meeting on Friday, a US official told CNN.
Chicago White Sox Release Brother of Braves’ Player Jurickson Profar
The Chicago White Sox currently sit atop the AL Central with a 54-48 record. They lead the Guardians by 1.5 games in the division. An Atlanta Braves player who is a little bit forgotten is Jurickson Profar. Profar signed a three-year, $42 million deal with the Braves a couple of seasons ago, but he is […] The post Chicago White Sox Release Brother of Braves’ Player Jurickson Profar appeared first on HEAVY.
Letters: Negatives outweigh positives in Dodgers' White House visit
Readers weigh in on the Dodgers' visit to the White House and the latest decision by LeBron James.
Astros bring win streak into game against the White Sox
The Houston Astros are looking to prolong a four-game win streak with a victory against the Chicago White Sox
Trump returns to correspondents' dinner 3 months after shooting
President Donald Trump returned to the rescheduled White House Correspondents' Association dinner Friday night, delivering a rambling, hour-long speech.
Trump at rescheduled White House correspondents' dinner: 'The show must go on'
A shooting upended the first attempt at the dinner in April.
White House Correspondents’ Association hosts rescheduled dinner nearly 3 months after shooting incident
WATCH: Trump touts new nuclear reactors in his push to speed up domestic power
President Donald Trump hosted executives from nuclear power companies Friday in the Oval Office to celebrate a new milestone in the White House’s push to accelerate the growth of nuclear power in the United States.
Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer endorses Haley Stevens in Democratic US Senate primary
Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer has endorsed Rep. Haley Stevens in the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate over progressive Abdul El-Sayed
WATCH LIVE: Trump speaks at White House Correspondents' Dinner after attack disrupted April event
Bombshell memo shows Biden planned to leave Trump with even more massive immigration crisis
Sen. Eric Schmitt obtained a Biden White House memo revealing plans to expand TPS to over 3.1 million noncitizens in the administration's final days.
Trump to deliver ‘unifying yet vicious’ remarks at press dinner months after shooting incident, White House says
The president, first lady and top administration officials had to be evacuated and the April dinner canceled after a heavily armed man rushed past security.
White House correspondents' dinner moves to new location with enhanced security
April's dinner was disrupted when a gunman opened fire outside the event. Trump is set to attend again Friday night.
The White House’s MAHA Gatekeeper
A policy wonk who could lead the FDA has angered “Make America Healthy Again” activists.
White House offers its science blueprint: More AI, less life sciences
The Trump administration released its blueprint for U.S. science, calling for shifting hundreds of billions of research dollars from universities to industry.
Thune and White House trade jabs over Trump’s controversial elections legislation
President Donald Trump’s criticism of Senate Majority Leader John Thune over the stalled SAVE America Act escalated Thursday, with the White House warning that the president’s “patience is running out” as Republican leaders struggle to advance the controversial voting legislation before lawmakers leave in August for recess.
Smithsonian pushed ‘revolting’ social action training after ‘whiteness’ chart apology: expert
Smithsonian staff co-authored a DEI training toolkit that calls objectivity part of white supremacy, years after the museum apologized for a similar chart.
White House Lays Out 'Golden Age' AI Vision for American Science
The blueprint emphasizes artificial intelligence, research funding reforms and mission-driven innovation to reshape federal research.
WATCH LIVE: White House holds briefing as U.S. reaches deal with Saudi Arabia on nuclear program
New White House Science Strategy Points to a Quantum-Style Innovation Model
A new American innovation model emphasizes mission-driven research, public-private partnerships, manufacturing and regional ecosystems.
White House Science Report Calls For Reducing University Research Funding
A White House report calls for reduced funding for universities and argues that the government should re-allocate much of the money to the “individual scientist” instead.
We're looking to kick on
Preston North End midfielder Ben Whiteman tells BBC Radio Lancashire they want to put behind them the disappointment of missing the play-offs last season.
White House Report Criticizes The Immigration Of Scientists To America
A new White House report criticizes the immigration of scientists to America, arguing it’s bad whether international students stay or leave.
White House report says Trump can usher in a "new golden age" of science
The resulting report is a near-random mixture of real problems and grievances.
Tension between Mullin and White House appears to be growing, sources say
President Donald Trump brought in Homeland Security Secretary Markwayne Mullin to lead a department at the forefront of his signature domestic policy.
The White House pushes healthy eating. It cut a landmark nutrition education program
Nutrition advocates and public health experts are mystified by the decision to eliminate SNAP-Ed, given the Trump administration's embrace of the Make America Healthy Again agenda.
Whitmer makes ‘science of reading’ training mandatory for Michigan teachers
Michigan elementary school teachers will be required to take literacy training by the 2031-2032 school year, under a new law signed by Gov. Gretchen ...
Missouri sues Kansas City, alleging discrimination against white people and men
Missouri Attorney General Catherine Hanaway announced a lawsuit against Kansas City, claiming a program discriminate against white people.
The White House is heaping political pressure on the Smithsonian
The Smithsonian has so far mostly resisted the White House’s more extreme wishes, but Trump-backed efforts implement ideological change at the museum are mounting.
Trump to steer billions from universities to AI and individual scientists
White House says overhaul will back AI and researchers to restore the US scientific edge as Beijing closes the innovation gap.
Game Thread: White Sox (53-47) at Rangers (51-50)
Chicago looks to turn the page after Texas thumping
Michigan law requires teachers to complete ‘Science of Reading’ training
Gov. Gretchen Whitmer signed a law July 21 requiring Michigan teachers to complete "Science of Reading" training within the next five years, as the state ranks 44th in the country in fourth grade reading levels.
Honoring a legacy of compassion in health care: OHIO announces the creation of the Anita Chesser Potts Memorial Scholarship
The new scholarship fund creates a lasting tribute to the late Anita Potts, one of the early graduates of Ohio University’s Bachelor of Science in Nursing program.
Not a ‘redo’: Secret Service prepares for second press dinner after attack
As the Secret Service prepares for a second take at this year’s White House Correspondents’ Dinner in Washington, DC, on Friday, Director Sean Curran defended how his agency handled security at the first version of the dinner.
Whitmer makes ‘science of reading’ training mandatory for Michigan teachers
Michigan elementary school teachers will be required to take literacy training by the 2031-2032 school year under a new law signed by Gov. Gretchen Whitmer
Whitmer makes ‘science of reading’ training mandatory for Michigan teachers
Michigan elementary school teachers will be required to take literacy training by the 2031-2032 school year, under a new law signed by Gov. Gretchen Whitmer Tuesday.
White House wants to shift billions of dollars of research funding away from ‘slow consensus peer review’ and into individual scientists and AI
Moving funding to individual scientists and AI could undermine US scientific credibility at home and abroad.
Department of War Partners With the Genesis Mission to Proliferate AI
Led by the White House, the War Department is committing substantial resources and technical expertise to the success of the Genesis Mission, a national effort to leverage artificial intelligence to
Why Did This Man Avoid Alzheimer’s? Scientists Reveal Their Astonishing Theory - Futura-Sciences
A Family Plagued by Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Doug Whitney inherited a rare genetic mutation that’s devastated much of his family: many relatives experienced significant cognitive decline as early as their 50s. Yet Doug himself has stayed mentally alert well past the age at which illness struck in the family. According to...
Whitmer defends veto of stalled bills, despite advocates' anger
Why the bills were never formally presented to the governor remains a mystery that has prompted suspicions in Lansing.
White Sox Minor League Update: July 20-21
Knights hold on as affiliates stumble
Exclusive | White House to Redirect Billions in Research Funds Toward AI, Away From Colleges
The overhaul will reshape $200 billion in spending a year and favors individual scientists to outpace China.
Whiskey industry warns against new tariffs on Canada
The White House defends the new tariffs as leveling the playing field for U.S.-produced spirits, cars and dairy products
White House accuses Smithsonian of hijacking US narrative, director denies politics
Republicans accuse the Smithsonian's American History museum and its director of rewriting the country's narrative.
Smithsonian history museum chief rejects White House's radical leader claims
A White House report released on July Fourth criticized the museum as not telling history in an inspiring and unifying way
Whitmer makes ‘science of reading’ training mandatory for Michigan teachers
As Michigan struggles with low literacy test scores, leaders are putting in a new training requirement for elementary teachers.
Appeals court upholds White House adviser Peter Navarro's contempt of Congress convictions
A federal appeals court has upheld White House adviser Peter Navarro’s convictions for defying a subpoena for records from the House committee that investigated the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol
Lebanon's president will meet with Trump at White House
The goal is to bring long-term calm to Lebanon after a war between Israel and the militant Hezbollah group.
Politics & Power: President Trump’s White House windfall of $2.2B and the ethics questions that follow
Matt Corrigan, a political analyst from Jacksonville University, joins News4JAX anchor Bruce Hamilton on this week’s Politics & Power to discuss the ethics questions raised about policy and profit colliding after President Donald Trump’s $2.2 billion financial disclosures.
Reynolds named science secretary as Dsit abolished
Jonathan Reynolds to lead Department for Business, Innovation, Science and Trade after Whitehall shakeup
The Match That Made Me Fall in Love with Sunderland
A last-minute winner, a sea of red and white, and one unforgettable afternoon - how did a five-year-old's first match spark a lifelong love affair with Sunderland?
Trump imposes 50% tariffs on Canadian goods, citing disputes over autos, alcohol and cheese
The move, announced Monday, could unleash a new wave of economic chaos, with risks of higher inflation and further fraying of relations between two nations that had been closely woven together before Trump’s return to the White House.
White House rushes to further secure Trump’s new Air Force One — but he plans to keep flying it domestically
The White House is working to quickly upgrade the Qatari-donated jet that has newly started serving as Air Force One, a development that comes after administration officials internally discussed the need for President Donald Trump to avoid flying it in high-threat areas, according to two sources familiar with the matter.
White House: Trump to fly old Air Force One for about a month
Trump’s use of the new red, white and navy blue aircraft has faced much scrutiny
Top Trump AI safety director departs after 3 months
Chris Fall, who has left after just three months on the job, played a key role in the White House's voluntary review of cutting-edge models.
Trump’s attacks on democracy reveal his authoritarian ambitions | LSE United States Politics and Policy
Trump is becoming a dictator, one who combines the transactional pursuit of profit and power with racism, white supremacy, and personalised rule.
Shaky political "science": breakdown of the peer review process
[This article is the latest in our “Shaky Political Science” series. In our 38 page report, “Shaky political ‘science’ misses mark on ranked choice voting,” released in December 2025, we examined over 40 studies focused on ranked choice voting (RCV). Many of these studies suffered from puzzling research methodologies, poorly constructed surveys, unrealistic simulated elections, cherry picked data and faulty analyses that often were contradicted by results from real-world elections (a link to our full paper is here). Here are links to the first four articles in our series: the first one summarizing the overall results of our report; the second one analyzed a study co-authored by University of Minnesota academic Larry Jacobs, which was one of the most error-prone of all the research we reviewed in our report; a third article showing an admirable example of two political scientists holding two other political scientists accountable for their flawed, sloppy research; and a fourth article that analyzed seven studies sponsored by New America’s political reform program that deployed flawed methodology based on “simulated” elections instead of real-world elections, which when combined with some basic misunderstandings of RCV, produced odd and misleading results]. In this fifth article in our “Shaky Political Science” series, we examine two flawed studies on the impact of RCV on voter turnout authored by San Francisco State University professor Jason McDaniel. McDaniel’s research in these two papers stands out for its puzzling methodology, inadequate and cherry-picked data, and faulty analyses that not only misunderstands ranked choice voting but reflects a basic misunderstanding of politics in general. The first of the McDaniel studies actually passed through a peer review process and then was subsequently published by the Journal of Urban Affairs, despite its obvious errors. It is perplexing that a jury of peer political scientists did not catch the errors and send it back to McDaniel for a rewrite or outright rejection. This calls into question the credibility of the peer review process itself. The peer review process is supposed to represent the intellectual pinnacle of the profession – a way for academics to certify the quality of each other’s work, and to act as a check against sloppy research. In the case of the McDaniel study, the peer review process failed. Yet his flawed study has been cited dozens of times by other political scientists in their own flawed works — an unvirtuous circle of academic research. Here is the first Jason McDaniel study that we analyzed: “Writing the Rules to Rank the Candidates: Examining the Impact of Instant-Runoff Voting on Racial Group Turnout in San Francisco Mayoral Elections,” by Jason McDaniel, 2016, Journal of Urban Affairs. This study covered San Francisco’s use of ranked choice voting (RCV) in mayoral elections, purporting to show that RCV reduces voter turnout overall, increases voter errors, and has a negative impact on “marginal populations,” i.e. racial minorities, mainly as the result of the alleged complexity of RCV asking voters to rank candidates and having to be familiar with multiple candidates and related dynamics. McDaniel reached these conclusions by examining five San Francisco mayoral elections taking place in odd years (i.e. where there are no federal or state races on the ballot) from 1995 to 2011, comparing three earlier non-RCV races (in 1995, 1999 and 2003) with the later two RCV races (in 2007 and 2011). Only two RCV races were studied, and as McDaniel acknowledged, only the contest in 2011 was “competitive” (that contest in 2007 was the first mayoral election using RCV, and incumbent mayor Gavin Newsom won easily in the first round of counting, earning 74% of first choices and far ahead of the second place candidate who had just 6.3% of first choices). Yet even the allegedly competitive contest in 2011was won by an incumbent with a landslide margin of nearly 20 points. No other elections were studied by McDaniel, even though San Francisco elects 17 other offices besides mayor with RCV, including the 11 seats on the Board of Supervisors (the name for the city council) in even years, and six other citywide offices in odd years. Previous academic research has found that competitive elections can stimulate greater voter involvement and higher turnout. For unexplained reasons, this study ignored at least 34 other RCV races between the years 2004 to 2011, many of which were very competitive and had high voter turnout. Instead, McDaniel’s analysis based its conclusions on data from only a single, marginally-competitive mayor’s race using RCV. These 2007 and 2011 mayoral elections were the only two RCV elections that McDaniel used as the sole basis for his small data set to determine the impact of RCV on voter turnout. Despite having no meaningful data to inform his study, McDaniel nonetheless concluded that RCV lowered turnout when compared to the previous three mayoral non-RCV elections using two-round runoffs. Then, using the same inadequate database of San Francisco elections, McDaniel also found that “Instant-runoff voting is associated with a significant decline in Black voter turnout and White voter turnout…On average, Black voter turnout decreases by 18 points and White voter turnout decreases by 16 points …” But how could he credibly arrive at that conclusion when his study was based on voter turnout in two RCV contests that were not even remotely competitive? Beyond that, McDaniel tacitly admits that the key determining factor driving Black voter turnout was not RCV vs non-RCV elections, but the presence of a viable Black candidate. McDaniel wrote, “Black voter turnout was about 17 percentage points higher for the two elections that featured an African American candidate compared to the three elections that did not” — but one of those three elections did not use RCV. The same dynamic was present for White voter turnout, in which higher turnout was not correlated with RCV vs non-RCV elections, but the presence of a viable White candidate. Beyond that, McDaniel’s voter turnout results, whether correlated with the race of the candidates or RCV vs non-RCV elections, showed no clear patterns. In his Figure 1, he shows low Asian voter turnout in the non-RCV elections in 1999 and 2003 when there was no viable Asian candidate running, but in the 2007 mayoral election using RCV, there is still no viable Asian candidate, yet Asian turnout increases dramatically. For Latinos, voter turnout is virtually the same in 1999 (no viable Latino candidate, non-RCV elections), 2003 (leading Latino candidate, non-RCV elections), 2007 (no viable Latino candidate, RCV elections) and 2011 (leading Latino candidate, RCV elections). Meanwhile White voter turnout increased dramatically from a low in the 2007 mayoral election, in which the leading candidate was a white incumbent, to the 2011 election in which there were no leading white candidates that finished any higher than sixth place with 5.6% of the vote. Clearly other factors were determining voter turnout than either the race of the candidates or RCV vs non-RCV elections. Despite these inconsistent findings, McDaniel boldly marches forth to render conclusions about the impact of RCV on different groups of racial voters, even though his conclusions are not remotely supported by his data. This looks like the worst kind of “data cherry picking” to cover up a puzzling conclusion based on a poor data set involving only two RCV elections, neither of which were remotely competitive. McDaniel’s cherry picking didn’t stop there. In calculating voter turnout for the three non-RCV mayoral elections in 1995, 1999 and 2003, he failed to mention that in each of these years there was a two-round runoff election, with a first round election in November in which no candidate garnered a winning majority of the vote, followed by the decisive runoff in December. So there were two non-RCV elections in each election year. But McDaniel only decided to include one of the two elections in his data set, apparently the December runoff in each year (which had higher turnout in two out of the three mayor’s races, and lower turnout in the third). So he ignored the November 1995 election, the November 1999 election when turnout was only 45 percent, and the November 2003 election when turnout was only 45.7 percent. This is flawed methodology based on blatant cherry picking, since McDaniel simply omitted three elections worth of data that did not fit within his frame. His study should never have made it through a peer review process, and it is an embarrassment to political science that not only was it approved for publication, but it has been uncritically cited by dozens of other political scientists. Share A “study” without wider context or credible data Lacking a data set that included even a single competitive RCV mayoral race, McDaniel declared that RCV lowered voter turnout in 2011, when turnout was 42.5 percent. But he also ignored -- or did not realize -- that voter turnout in mayoral elections during 2011 had sharply declined in all big cities, including far more steeply in nearby Los Angeles and other cities. In fact, San Francisco’s election in 2011 had the second highest turnout of any mayoral election in the nation’s 22 largest cities from 2008-2011. Was 2011 just a particularly low turnout year all across the country, perhaps because the country was still reeling from the aftermath of the housing market collapse in 2008-2010? McDaniel ignored this factor and did not search for alternative explanations beyond his flawed thesis. Furthermore, while McDaniel suggested that RCV leads to more “overvotes” – which is an invalidated ballot in which a voter, in either a non-RCV or RCV race, makes a mistake and selects two candidates for a single choice – he failed to address that in the June 2012 US Senate primary contest, which used the typical “one-choice” plurality method and did not use RCV, there was more than five times as many overvotes in San Francisco and Oakland than in the RCV mayoral elections in those cities. Additionally, turnout had been significantly higher and more representative in RCV elections for the San Francisco Board of Supervisors races -- that McDaniel didn’t even bother to study -- as compared to previous “delayed two-round runoffs” for those offices, often higher by as much as 40% in the RCV races. Perhaps the most surprising irony was that an earlier study co-authored by McDaniel (Overvoting and the Equality of Voice under Instant-Runoff Voting in San Francisco by Francis Neely and Jason McDaniel, 2015, California Journal of Politics and Policy) found that overvotes are often more common in lower-income precincts, but that the pattern of overvoting is similar in both RCV and non-RCV contests. Wrote Neely and McDaniel: “[Overvote] errors appear to be a function of complexity in general and not IRV per se…. the pattern of overvoting is similar in both IRV and non-IRV contests…Even among votes cast in a top-of-the-ticket race like U.S. Senate, overvoting occurs in an uneven fashion” (IRV, or ‘instant runoff voting,’ is another name for ranked choice voting in single-winner contests). So McDaniel not only contradicted his own conclusion in his earlier study with Neely, but the earlier study had been an important corrective for one of the most frequently made mistakes made by anti-RCV political scientists – a continual failure to provide crucial context by pairing a comparative analysis of real world RCV elections with an analysis of real world plurality or other electoral methods. Unfortunately McDaniel’s earlier study does not get cited much by other researchers, and McDaniel did not even cite it in his own flawed study analyzed above. Incredibly, McDaniel cherrypicked McDaniel, even as his flawed study has been cited dozens of times. Despite being a textbook example of poor political “science,” featuring both inadequate as well as cherrypicked data, the shelf life of McDaniel’s study has been extended endlessly by other political scientists and media outlets who have cited it uncritically. Equally troubling, the Journal of Urban Affairs put this paper through its peer review process and published it despite its numerous flaws. McDaniel gets it wrong, Part II Not content with producing one shoddy, confused paper, McDaniel produced another one a few years later, here is the link: Electoral Rules and Voter Turnout in Mayoral Elections: An Analysis of Ranked-Choice Voting by Jason McDaniel. San Francisco State Univ. (McDaniel, 2019). In this paper, McDaniel extended his previous flawed research focused on San Francisco, about voter turnout and voter impact, to multiple RCV cities through the 2018 elections. In his data set he included San Francisco, Minneapolis, St Paul, Oakland, Berkeley, San Leandro and Santa Fe. He then compared their turnout in mayoral elections to non-RCV cities, and to mayoral elections in those cities held before first RCV usage, and concluded “a significant decrease in voter turnout of approximately 3–5 percentage points in RCV cities after the implementation of RCV.” But he replicated many of the same mistakes as his first study presented above. While in this study McDaniel attempted to distinguish between various factors, such as odd year vs. even year elections, competitive races vs. noncompetitive, contests with open seats and other factors, the analysis is superficial and inadequate. He attempts to incorporate so many often-conflicting variables that his conclusions are once again unsupported by the actual data, and ultimately unconvincing (this second study never underwent a peer review process). For example, McDaniel declared that for RCV cities “in elections that are more competitive than average (margin of victory less than 20%), there is no significant RCV effect on voter turnout.” Yet McDaniel is a professor in a city, San Francisco, in which the 2018 special election using RCV to fill a mayoral vacancy was exceedingly close, decided by a margin of only one percentage point, and resulted in the second highest turnout in San Francisco history for a mayoral election. Illustrating the complexity involved in assessing the critical factors in turnout, that special election was held on the same election day as federal and state offices, which tends to boost turnout. Yet more voters participated in that RCV mayoral election than voted on the same day in the non-RCV primary for governor in which former San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom was running. Even more puzzling, in this study McDaniel inaccurately cited his own previous study from 2015 with Neely. McDaniel wrote, “Neely and McDaniel (2015) examine individual ballot image files within a natural experiment, and find higher rates of ballot errors in RCV elections compared to non-RCV elections” (emphasis added). However, we quoted from that 2015 study several paragraphs above, and in actual fact Neely and McDaniel actually concluded the opposite -- that the pattern of overvoting – which is the most common form of ballot error – is similar in both RCV and non-RCV contests. McDaniel also ignored the fact that in Bay Area RCV elections held in even years – at the same time as federal and state elections, when turnout is highest -- the “undervote” (that is, the dropoff in ballots cast for governor or mayor) has declined, which contradicts his thesis that the act of ranking ballots in RCV elections is too complex and presents a barrier for certain demographics of voters. To his credit, McDaniel actually acknowledged another contradiction in his own paper, which found a negative RCV turnout effect in some odd-year elections but not others, admitting that “may present a challenge to the theory that increased complexity [from RCV] will have a marginal negative effect on voter turnout.” But he tried to wallpaper over that contradiction by blaming it on an unlikely source -- bad election administration. McDaniels wrote, “This would suggest that the negative impact of RCV on voter participation may be alleviated by high quality election administration,” without presenting any data or even anecdotes to support such an unfounded theory. While competent election administration of any election, whether RCV or non-RCV, is crucially important, there is no credible research that supports the far-fetched notion that the quality of election administration has much of an impact on voter turnout in US elections, whether using RCV or otherwise. Upgrade to a $5 subscription The unvirtuous circle of academic research It is puzzling how McDaniel’s first study could have survived the peer review process for the Journal of Urban Affairs. The mistakes in McDaniel’s first study above should have been obvious to anyone with a basic understanding of ranked choice voting as well as elections in general, and elections in San Francisco specifically. It undermines faith in the credibility of the peer review process to think that a jury of peer political scientists did not catch the egregious errors and reject McDaniel’s sloppy research and paper. And it remains a black mark on political science that this thoroughly discredited study has been cited dozens of times by other researchers. Indeed, in our research paper it became apparent that many political scientists cite each other’s flawed research to pad their list of citations and to legitimize their own flawed research, creating an unvirtuous circle of political science. More broadly, McDaniel’s voter turnout studies, like other studies evaluating RCV’s impact on turnout, lacked a recognition that no credible opinion or research can claim that RCV increases voter turnout merely because so many voters are excited to vote for their favorite candidates instead of “lesser evil” candidates without worrying about spoilers. Instead, with respect to turnout, the advantage of RCV has always been that, in most places where it has been used, it has eliminated a pre-November primary or post-November runoff, which usually saw about half the turnout of the November general election. This is especially true during even years when there are state and federal elections on the ballot which substantially drive turnout more than local contests. Any study that does not adequately account for this non-November primary/runoff vs November general election dynamic, or odd year vs even year election factors, is simply not credible. Both of McDaniel’s studies largely failed on those grounds. Steven Hill and Paul Haughey Share Upgrade to a $5 subscription Thanks for reading DemocracySOS…your digital portal for the pro-democracy movement. Subscribe for only $5 per month to receive full benefits and to support our work. Subscribe
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