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The new "science golden age" looks suspiciously like a grift

This edition of PN is made possible by paid subscribers. Become one ⬇️ 🚀 Subscribe to PN 🚀 The Trump regime is trying to usher in a “Golden Age in Science” where scientific research is run like a Trump family business, artificial intelligence is all that matters, profit is everything, and expertise is for chumps. Or at least that’s the vision emerging from a new 123-page “Report to the President” from Michael Kratsios, the Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. In a normal administration, you could probably skip over learning about a science policy document — but this is no normal administration, and this is no normal science policy document. Instead, it’s Trump’s attempt to end the actual golden age of science that was kicked off in 1945 with the publication of '“The Endless Frontier” by Vannevar Bush. [ ](https://www.publicnotice.co/p/harmeet-dhillon-portland) [ Harmeet Dhillon demonstrates danger of posting through it ](https://www.publicnotice.co/p/harmeet-dhillon-portland) Liz Dye · Jul 29 [ Read full story ](https://www.publicnotice.co/p/harmeet-dhillon-portland) Bush, at President Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s request, laid out a vision of federal support for science that centered on funding universities to do basic research, saying that as long as those institutions were “vigorous and healthy and their scientists are free to pursue the truth wherever it may lead, there will be a flow of new scientific knowledge to those who can apply it to practical problems in Government, in industry, or elsewhere.” Kratsios’s report is supposed to be the successor to Bush’s, and even apes the format, but this isn’t really a document about science policy. It’s one about ending science research as we know it in favor of shoveling cash at big tech companies. While it might be temping to wave this away as an aspirational policy document, Trump has already begun to shift billions in research funds to AI projects and has taken a hatchet to science funding across the board. He’s teed up the shift Kratsios proposes here, and since neither Congress nor the Supreme Court seem inclined to stop him from doing whatever he wants with taxpayer money, it isn’t doomering or hyperbole to say we are staring down the barrel of a world where the only “science” the government intends to support is for-profit tech and defense advancements. Science for dummies Part of how you can tell this isn’t a document about science is that you are immediately faced with an absolute wall of business-speak of the worst sort. Did you know we must “tightly couple our science and technology enterprises to ensure that groundbreaking ideas invented in the United States are rapidly prototyped, tested, manufactured, and scaled domestically”? You do now! That tone isn’t surprising, because Kratsios has no background in science or research. He has a bachelor’s in political science and spent most of his career working for Peter Thiel at Thiel Capital. After a stint in the first Trump administration as Chief Technology Officer, where he also did not do any science, Kratsios was tasked in 2020 with overseeing the Pentagon’s research budget for a brief time, a position that, as the Wall Street Journal put it, “carries a great deal of power in terms of dictating investment allocations.” He spent the Biden years at Scale AI as “head of strategy,” which you will also note is neither a science nor a research job. But Scale AI has contracts with the Department of Defense and, as the Washington Post wrote in 2023, “has been aggressively pitching itself as the company that will help the US military in its existential battle with China.” And now you have the necessary background for our new golden age, which is going to be a golden age of taking money away from scientists and universities and giving it to companies like Scale AI. A note from Aaron: Working with brilliant contributors like Lisa takes resources. If you aren’t already a paid subscriber, please become one to support our work. 👇 Subscribe In a genuinely galling move, Katsios spends a lot of time slamming universities because of “administrative burdens on researchers” and the “well-documented inefficiencies” in academia, the message being that those damn universities waste the time of amazing researchers with paperwork. Except it’s the administration that is attempting to impose inefficient, unnecessary burdens on those researchers with a proposed Office of Management and Budget rule that would require senior political appointees to approve every science grant and ensure it aligns with Trump’s personal priorities. Researchers would also have to seek prior government approval to attend conferences or publicize their research. And political appointees could terminate any grant at any time if they feel like it. [ ](https://www.publicnotice.co/p/omb-rule-science-funding) [ The murder of expertise ](https://www.publicnotice.co/p/omb-rule-science-funding) Lisa Needham · Jun 11 [ Read full story ](https://www.publicnotice.co/p/omb-rule-science-funding) But when it comes to AI, we’re going to “restore permissionless innovation.” The report proposes to give lucky ducky innovators a pile of cash up front for grants lasting five years or longer, saying “awards should be fully-funded in year one, with all resources earmarked upfront, to minimize administrative burdens and reduce pressure for researchers to generate intermediate results to secure continued funding.” Yeah, wouldn’t want to have to make the Very Special Tech Bros show results or get money parceled out year by year like the plebes at universities. The report also proposes that we should have “fast grants” with “simplified applications requiring just a few pages of writing” because that is definitely how science works, just writing a bit off the dome and getting some cash. [ ](https://www.publicnotice.co/p/trump-ai-action-plan-altman-llms) [ Tech elites are turning AI into ChatGPTrump ](https://www.publicnotice.co/p/trump-ai-action-plan-altman-llms) Paul Waldman · July 29, 2025 [ Read full story ](https://www.publicnotice.co/p/trump-ai-action-plan-altman-llms) Oh, and we should have prizes and challenges, where multiple teams compete. The proposed prizes include incentives like “advance procurement commitments,” which means the federal government agrees to buy whatever is being developed. There’s also “regulatory fast-tracking,” making sure all those great AI thingies don’t have to wait too long to be unleashed on a market. These aren’t incentives to do science. These are incentives to develop things with tax dollars that you can then sell to the government for more tax dollars. In the suggestion that might be the most unhinged, the most very opposite of how both government and research work, our new age will include “golden tickets.” That’s where an individual reviewer in an agency — yes, just one person — can “recommend unconventional proposals that may not pass consensus-driven review panels” because somehow this will “surface valuable ideas too divisive for committees and attract higher quality reviewers by empowering them to exercise independent scientific judgment.” Yes, that’s saying that a random person in an agency should be able to shovel money at some idea even if it can’t pass a review panel, and that the opportunity to do so will attract better employees because apparently all the best minds in science are chomping at the bit to be allowed to unilaterally fund AI research based on their personal vibes. But that isn’t at all how actual science works, and actual scientists aren’t unhappy about review panels. They work collaboratively, not siloed in some secret race to create the next AI chatbot. A 2020 study by the National Bureau of Economic Research examined whether peer review panels succeed in helping agencies predict which research ideas will best advance science. Peer review was better at finding “diamond in the rough” applicants than a single government program official. How about that. Trump always wants a taste It’s painfully clear that what Katsios is trying to do here is turn the whole of government science research and funding into the sort of “move fast and break things” paradigm that is the hallmark of big tech. That method works to line the pockets of tech executives, but it isn’t science. There’s a reason the government funds different kinds of research than private tech companies do. What Katsios either fails to understand or deliberately ignores is that the federal government is the main funder of basic research precisely because it can take a long time for it to bear fruit and is not intended to be profitable as such. “Basic” here does not mean rudimentary or simple, but rather research that is designed to advance scientific knowledge instead of achieving a specific outcome or product. Big tech companies don’t widely fund that sort of research, because it doesn’t make them money. Industry dollars account for only about 20 percent of basic research funding, while the government contributes around 60 percent. Big tech companies and startups do, however, rely on and benefit from that basic research. A 2019 study found that 35 percent of all patents obtained by venture-backed startups from 1976 to 2016 cited federally supported research. Basic research funded by the NIH contributed to every single drug the FDA approved from 2010 to 2016. [ ](https://www.publicnotice.co/p/trump-saudi-nuclear-deal) [ The Saudi nuclear farce and governance by whim and meme ](https://www.publicnotice.co/p/trump-saudi-nuclear-deal) Noah Berlatsky · Jul 27 [ Read full story ](https://www.publicnotice.co/p/trump-saudi-nuclear-deal) Unlike inventing the next ChatGPT, actual science is slow and iterative. Government funding of research that, on its face, would not appear to lead to any big new invention is actually what underpins those big new inventions. If the government hadn’t funded research into desert lizard venom, we wouldn’t know about semaglutide, and we wouldn’t have Ozempic. If research scientists hadn’t studied how bees optimize nectar foraging within a colony, we wouldn’t have the algorithm that assigns internet traffic across computer servers. The report assiduously ignores that a symbiotic, profitable relationship between the federal government, universities, and private companies already exists. Each federal research dollar generates about $1.50 to $3.00 in long-term economic benefits. The $36 billion the government awarded in NIH research funding in fiscal year 2025 generated $94 billion in new economic activity. Trump’s proposed new golden age is intended to strip those billions from universities, resulting in the dismantling of departments and the shuttering of labs. But Katsios has a plan for that: Universities should just become trade schools to churn out no-show STEM degrees! “Require universities and community colleges to embed practical technical training and externships into STEM curricula. Let hands-on experience and industry credentials count toward degrees.” It’s quite the feat to, on the one hand, strip schools of funding for scientific research while simultaneously demanding to control what is taught and, oh, also, colleges need to give degrees to employees at big tech companies just for being employees at big tech companies. The new golden age would also exacerbate the brain drain Trump’s policies have already caused. Nature found that in the first quarter of 2025, US scientists submitted 32 percent more job applications abroad than in 2024. A March 2025 poll by Nature of roughly 1,600 scientists found that over 1,200 said they were considering leaving the country. Europe is investing $565 million to make it a “magnet for researchers” and provide funding for scientists who relocate. The new golden age is also about embedding Trump’s xenophobia into the fabric of American science. The report complains of an “over-reliance on foreign students” that “creates a security challenge our institutions are ill-equipped to address” and that a “reliance on foreign talent sidelines American students.” This is, to put it mildly, nonsense. International students pay far higher tuition and often receive no financial aid. Their tuition dollars are what make it possible for American students to get financial aid. In the 2023-2024 school year alone, international students contributed $43.8 billion to the US economy and supported over 378,000 jobs. Those 1.1 million international students accounted for only six percent of the total number of students in higher education that year, but were such an economic engine that for every three international students, one job was created or supported. It’s impossible not to wonder whether part of Trump’s loathing for universities and their leading role in scientific research is that there is no way for him to corrupt the process and make money off it in the same way he can by giving millions and billions to Silicon Valley types who, in turn, give him millions in cash. There’s no way for his children to invest in universities that the government then gives no-bid contracts to, fattening the family’s bottom line, which is pretty much the Trump sons’ current venture capital practice. Trump and Katsios’s view of science is narrow, cramped, and wrong. We’re not in a crisis, we’re not a failed state. We’ve been a science superpower for decades, and the only thing that threatens that is Donald Trump. Tech bros are already living high off the hog in this administration. They don’t need any more of our tax dollars. Hopefully this new golden age never comes to pass. Thanks for reading Public Notice. This post is public so feel free to share it. Share We’ll be back with more tomorrow. If you appreciate today’s PN, please do your part to keep us free by signing up for a paid subscription. 🚀 Subscribe to PN 🚀 Thanks for reading, and for your support.

Jul 30 • 8:12 AM EDT • Science • publicnotice.co

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Shaky political "science": breakdown of the peer review process

[This article is the latest in our “Shaky Political Science” series. In our 38 page report, “Shaky political ‘science’ misses mark on ranked choice voting,” released in December 2025, we examined over 40 studies focused on ranked choice voting (RCV). Many of these studies suffered from puzzling research methodologies, poorly constructed surveys, unrealistic simulated elections, cherry picked data and faulty analyses that often were contradicted by results from real-world elections (a link to our full paper is here). Here are links to the first four articles in our series: the first one summarizing the overall results of our report; the second one analyzed a study co-authored by University of Minnesota academic Larry Jacobs, which was one of the most error-prone of all the research we reviewed in our report; a third article showing an admirable example of two political scientists holding two other political scientists accountable for their flawed, sloppy research; and a fourth article that analyzed seven studies sponsored by New America’s political reform program that deployed flawed methodology based on “simulated” elections instead of real-world elections, which when combined with some basic misunderstandings of RCV, produced odd and misleading results]. In this fifth article in our “Shaky Political Science” series, we examine two flawed studies on the impact of RCV on voter turnout authored by San Francisco State University professor Jason McDaniel. McDaniel’s research in these two papers stands out for its puzzling methodology, inadequate and cherry-picked data, and faulty analyses that not only misunderstands ranked choice voting but reflects a basic misunderstanding of politics in general. The first of the McDaniel studies actually passed through a peer review process and then was subsequently published by the Journal of Urban Affairs, despite its obvious errors. It is perplexing that a jury of peer political scientists did not catch the errors and send it back to McDaniel for a rewrite or outright rejection. This calls into question the credibility of the peer review process itself. The peer review process is supposed to represent the intellectual pinnacle of the profession – a way for academics to certify the quality of each other’s work, and to act as a check against sloppy research. In the case of the McDaniel study, the peer review process failed. Yet his flawed study has been cited dozens of times by other political scientists in their own flawed works — an unvirtuous circle of academic research. Here is the first Jason McDaniel study that we analyzed: “Writing the Rules to Rank the Candidates: Examining the Impact of Instant-Runoff Voting on Racial Group Turnout in San Francisco Mayoral Elections,” by Jason McDaniel, 2016, Journal of Urban Affairs. This study covered San Francisco’s use of ranked choice voting (RCV) in mayoral elections, purporting to show that RCV reduces voter turnout overall, increases voter errors, and has a negative impact on “marginal populations,” i.e. racial minorities, mainly as the result of the alleged complexity of RCV asking voters to rank candidates and having to be familiar with multiple candidates and related dynamics. McDaniel reached these conclusions by examining five San Francisco mayoral elections taking place in odd years (i.e. where there are no federal or state races on the ballot) from 1995 to 2011, comparing three earlier non-RCV races (in 1995, 1999 and 2003) with the later two RCV races (in 2007 and 2011). Only two RCV races were studied, and as McDaniel acknowledged, only the contest in 2011 was “competitive” (that contest in 2007 was the first mayoral election using RCV, and incumbent mayor Gavin Newsom won easily in the first round of counting, earning 74% of first choices and far ahead of the second place candidate who had just 6.3% of first choices). Yet even the allegedly competitive contest in 2011was won by an incumbent with a landslide margin of nearly 20 points. No other elections were studied by McDaniel, even though San Francisco elects 17 other offices besides mayor with RCV, including the 11 seats on the Board of Supervisors (the name for the city council) in even years, and six other citywide offices in odd years. Previous academic research has found that competitive elections can stimulate greater voter involvement and higher turnout. For unexplained reasons, this study ignored at least 34 other RCV races between the years 2004 to 2011, many of which were very competitive and had high voter turnout. Instead, McDaniel’s analysis based its conclusions on data from only a single, marginally-competitive mayor’s race using RCV. These 2007 and 2011 mayoral elections were the only two RCV elections that McDaniel used as the sole basis for his small data set to determine the impact of RCV on voter turnout. Despite having no meaningful data to inform his study, McDaniel nonetheless concluded that RCV lowered turnout when compared to the previous three mayoral non-RCV elections using two-round runoffs. Then, using the same inadequate database of San Francisco elections, McDaniel also found that “Instant-runoff voting is associated with a significant decline in Black voter turnout and White voter turnout…On average, Black voter turnout decreases by 18 points and White voter turnout decreases by 16 points …” But how could he credibly arrive at that conclusion when his study was based on voter turnout in two RCV contests that were not even remotely competitive? Beyond that, McDaniel tacitly admits that the key determining factor driving Black voter turnout was not RCV vs non-RCV elections, but the presence of a viable Black candidate. McDaniel wrote, “Black voter turnout was about 17 percentage points higher for the two elections that featured an African American candidate compared to the three elections that did not” — but one of those three elections did not use RCV. The same dynamic was present for White voter turnout, in which higher turnout was not correlated with RCV vs non-RCV elections, but the presence of a viable White candidate. Beyond that, McDaniel’s voter turnout results, whether correlated with the race of the candidates or RCV vs non-RCV elections, showed no clear patterns. In his Figure 1, he shows low Asian voter turnout in the non-RCV elections in 1999 and 2003 when there was no viable Asian candidate running, but in the 2007 mayoral election using RCV, there is still no viable Asian candidate, yet Asian turnout increases dramatically. For Latinos, voter turnout is virtually the same in 1999 (no viable Latino candidate, non-RCV elections), 2003 (leading Latino candidate, non-RCV elections), 2007 (no viable Latino candidate, RCV elections) and 2011 (leading Latino candidate, RCV elections). Meanwhile White voter turnout increased dramatically from a low in the 2007 mayoral election, in which the leading candidate was a white incumbent, to the 2011 election in which there were no leading white candidates that finished any higher than sixth place with 5.6% of the vote. Clearly other factors were determining voter turnout than either the race of the candidates or RCV vs non-RCV elections. Despite these inconsistent findings, McDaniel boldly marches forth to render conclusions about the impact of RCV on different groups of racial voters, even though his conclusions are not remotely supported by his data. This looks like the worst kind of “data cherry picking” to cover up a puzzling conclusion based on a poor data set involving only two RCV elections, neither of which were remotely competitive. McDaniel’s cherry picking didn’t stop there. In calculating voter turnout for the three non-RCV mayoral elections in 1995, 1999 and 2003, he failed to mention that in each of these years there was a two-round runoff election, with a first round election in November in which no candidate garnered a winning majority of the vote, followed by the decisive runoff in December. So there were two non-RCV elections in each election year. But McDaniel only decided to include one of the two elections in his data set, apparently the December runoff in each year (which had higher turnout in two out of the three mayor’s races, and lower turnout in the third). So he ignored the November 1995 election, the November 1999 election when turnout was only 45 percent, and the November 2003 election when turnout was only 45.7 percent. This is flawed methodology based on blatant cherry picking, since McDaniel simply omitted three elections worth of data that did not fit within his frame. His study should never have made it through a peer review process, and it is an embarrassment to political science that not only was it approved for publication, but it has been uncritically cited by dozens of other political scientists. Share A “study” without wider context or credible data Lacking a data set that included even a single competitive RCV mayoral race, McDaniel declared that RCV lowered voter turnout in 2011, when turnout was 42.5 percent. But he also ignored -- or did not realize -- that voter turnout in mayoral elections during 2011 had sharply declined in all big cities, including far more steeply in nearby Los Angeles and other cities. In fact, San Francisco’s election in 2011 had the second highest turnout of any mayoral election in the nation’s 22 largest cities from 2008-2011. Was 2011 just a particularly low turnout year all across the country, perhaps because the country was still reeling from the aftermath of the housing market collapse in 2008-2010? McDaniel ignored this factor and did not search for alternative explanations beyond his flawed thesis. Furthermore, while McDaniel suggested that RCV leads to more “overvotes” – which is an invalidated ballot in which a voter, in either a non-RCV or RCV race, makes a mistake and selects two candidates for a single choice – he failed to address that in the June 2012 US Senate primary contest, which used the typical “one-choice” plurality method and did not use RCV, there was more than five times as many overvotes in San Francisco and Oakland than in the RCV mayoral elections in those cities. Additionally, turnout had been significantly higher and more representative in RCV elections for the San Francisco Board of Supervisors races -- that McDaniel didn’t even bother to study -- as compared to previous “delayed two-round runoffs” for those offices, often higher by as much as 40% in the RCV races. Perhaps the most surprising irony was that an earlier study co-authored by McDaniel (Overvoting and the Equality of Voice under Instant-Runoff Voting in San Francisco by Francis Neely and Jason McDaniel, 2015, California Journal of Politics and Policy) found that overvotes are often more common in lower-income precincts, but that the pattern of overvoting is similar in both RCV and non-RCV contests. Wrote Neely and McDaniel: “[Overvote] errors appear to be a function of complexity in general and not IRV per se…. the pattern of overvoting is similar in both IRV and non-IRV contests…Even among votes cast in a top-of-the-ticket race like U.S. Senate, overvoting occurs in an uneven fashion” (IRV, or ‘instant runoff voting,’ is another name for ranked choice voting in single-winner contests). So McDaniel not only contradicted his own conclusion in his earlier study with Neely, but the earlier study had been an important corrective for one of the most frequently made mistakes made by anti-RCV political scientists – a continual failure to provide crucial context by pairing a comparative analysis of real world RCV elections with an analysis of real world plurality or other electoral methods. Unfortunately McDaniel’s earlier study does not get cited much by other researchers, and McDaniel did not even cite it in his own flawed study analyzed above. Incredibly, McDaniel cherrypicked McDaniel, even as his flawed study has been cited dozens of times. Despite being a textbook example of poor political “science,” featuring both inadequate as well as cherrypicked data, the shelf life of McDaniel’s study has been extended endlessly by other political scientists and media outlets who have cited it uncritically. Equally troubling, the Journal of Urban Affairs put this paper through its peer review process and published it despite its numerous flaws. McDaniel gets it wrong, Part II Not content with producing one shoddy, confused paper, McDaniel produced another one a few years later, here is the link: Electoral Rules and Voter Turnout in Mayoral Elections: An Analysis of Ranked-Choice Voting by Jason McDaniel. San Francisco State Univ. (McDaniel, 2019). In this paper, McDaniel extended his previous flawed research focused on San Francisco, about voter turnout and voter impact, to multiple RCV cities through the 2018 elections. In his data set he included San Francisco, Minneapolis, St Paul, Oakland, Berkeley, San Leandro and Santa Fe. He then compared their turnout in mayoral elections to non-RCV cities, and to mayoral elections in those cities held before first RCV usage, and concluded “a significant decrease in voter turnout of approximately 3–5 percentage points in RCV cities after the implementation of RCV.” But he replicated many of the same mistakes as his first study presented above. While in this study McDaniel attempted to distinguish between various factors, such as odd year vs. even year elections, competitive races vs. noncompetitive, contests with open seats and other factors, the analysis is superficial and inadequate. He attempts to incorporate so many often-conflicting variables that his conclusions are once again unsupported by the actual data, and ultimately unconvincing (this second study never underwent a peer review process). For example, McDaniel declared that for RCV cities “in elections that are more competitive than average (margin of victory less than 20%), there is no significant RCV effect on voter turnout.” Yet McDaniel is a professor in a city, San Francisco, in which the 2018 special election using RCV to fill a mayoral vacancy was exceedingly close, decided by a margin of only one percentage point, and resulted in the second highest turnout in San Francisco history for a mayoral election. Illustrating the complexity involved in assessing the critical factors in turnout, that special election was held on the same election day as federal and state offices, which tends to boost turnout. Yet more voters participated in that RCV mayoral election than voted on the same day in the non-RCV primary for governor in which former San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom was running. Even more puzzling, in this study McDaniel inaccurately cited his own previous study from 2015 with Neely. McDaniel wrote, “Neely and McDaniel (2015) examine individual ballot image files within a natural experiment, and find higher rates of ballot errors in RCV elections compared to non-RCV elections” (emphasis added). However, we quoted from that 2015 study several paragraphs above, and in actual fact Neely and McDaniel actually concluded the opposite -- that the pattern of overvoting – which is the most common form of ballot error – is similar in both RCV and non-RCV contests. McDaniel also ignored the fact that in Bay Area RCV elections held in even years – at the same time as federal and state elections, when turnout is highest -- the “undervote” (that is, the dropoff in ballots cast for governor or mayor) has declined, which contradicts his thesis that the act of ranking ballots in RCV elections is too complex and presents a barrier for certain demographics of voters. To his credit, McDaniel actually acknowledged another contradiction in his own paper, which found a negative RCV turnout effect in some odd-year elections but not others, admitting that “may present a challenge to the theory that increased complexity [from RCV] will have a marginal negative effect on voter turnout.” But he tried to wallpaper over that contradiction by blaming it on an unlikely source -- bad election administration. McDaniels wrote, “This would suggest that the negative impact of RCV on voter participation may be alleviated by high quality election administration,” without presenting any data or even anecdotes to support such an unfounded theory. While competent election administration of any election, whether RCV or non-RCV, is crucially important, there is no credible research that supports the far-fetched notion that the quality of election administration has much of an impact on voter turnout in US elections, whether using RCV or otherwise. Upgrade to a $5 subscription The unvirtuous circle of academic research It is puzzling how McDaniel’s first study could have survived the peer review process for the Journal of Urban Affairs. The mistakes in McDaniel’s first study above should have been obvious to anyone with a basic understanding of ranked choice voting as well as elections in general, and elections in San Francisco specifically. It undermines faith in the credibility of the peer review process to think that a jury of peer political scientists did not catch the egregious errors and reject McDaniel’s sloppy research and paper. And it remains a black mark on political science that this thoroughly discredited study has been cited dozens of times by other researchers. Indeed, in our research paper it became apparent that many political scientists cite each other’s flawed research to pad their list of citations and to legitimize their own flawed research, creating an unvirtuous circle of political science. More broadly, McDaniel’s voter turnout studies, like other studies evaluating RCV’s impact on turnout, lacked a recognition that no credible opinion or research can claim that RCV increases voter turnout merely because so many voters are excited to vote for their favorite candidates instead of “lesser evil” candidates without worrying about spoilers. Instead, with respect to turnout, the advantage of RCV has always been that, in most places where it has been used, it has eliminated a pre-November primary or post-November runoff, which usually saw about half the turnout of the November general election. This is especially true during even years when there are state and federal elections on the ballot which substantially drive turnout more than local contests. Any study that does not adequately account for this non-November primary/runoff vs November general election dynamic, or odd year vs even year election factors, is simply not credible. Both of McDaniel’s studies largely failed on those grounds. Steven Hill and Paul Haughey Share Upgrade to a $5 subscription Thanks for reading DemocracySOS…your digital portal for the pro-democracy movement. Subscribe for only $5 per month to receive full benefits and to support our work. Subscribe

Jul 20 • 9:29 AM EDT • Science • democracysos.substack.com

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Jul 14 • 11:46 AM EDT • Science • zmescience.com

Best in class creasefree display: Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 8 Ultra hands-on video leaked

A Galaxy Z Fold8 Ultra, apparently straight out of the factory, is being examined from multiple angles including, for the first time, while actually turned on. A leaked hands-on video suggests an almost completely crease-free display in Samsungs upcoming foldable, according to another leaker, this can also be expected from its more compact iPhone Ultra competitor.

Jul 12 • 3:49 PM EDT • Technology • notebookcheck.net

Trump says the Iran ceasefire is ‘OVER.’ What now?

The Iran war has apparently entered a new phase. But the president isn’t being clear about what that means.

Jul 10 • 3:10 PM EDT • Politics • cnn.com

FOX10 Investigates: Body cam captures Semmes shooting timeline as wounded business owner waited for aid

At 3:36 a.m., Officer Murphy’s body camera captured radio traffic saying, “Victim is going to be a Johnny Bowman. Currently have the caller on hold.” Moments later, an officer confirmed Bowman had been hit: “So apparently we shot, or hit the guy who shot at us.”

Jul 9 • 10:30 PM EDT • Business • fox10tv.com

Xbox Game Pass reportedly boasts around 30m subscribers

That is well below the 77m user target that Microsoft apparently had for the subscription service for 2026

Jul 7 • 9:44 AM EDT • Technology • gamesindustry.biz

49ers fans are convinced who RB2 is behind Christian McCaffrey

It is Kaelon Black’s job to lose, apparently.

Jul 6 • 1:30 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Many Celebrities Apparently Got The Same Warning Before Going On David Letterman

This would be so stressful.

Jul 5 • 11:50 AM EDT • Entertainment • yahoo.com

Warriors Reportedly Losing Momentum In LeBron James Sweepstakes

As the week has gone on, the Golden State Warriors are apparently losing steam in the LeBron James sweepstakes.

Jul 3 • 11:22 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Scientists have built a cell in a lab from the ground up

What do you call an organism with no evolutionary ancestors? SpudCell, apparently

Jul 1 • 1:47 PM EDT • Science • economist.com

Scientists have built a cell from the ground up

What do you call an organism with no evolutionary ancestors? SpudCell, apparently

Jul 1 • 1:47 PM EDT • Science • economist.com

Rumor: Metroid Ravenous leaked for Nintendo Switch 2

Metroid Ravenous has apparently been leaked for Nintendo Switch 2. A listing for the game supposedly surfaced within Brazil’s Ministry of Justice and Public Security system. The page has already been removed, but not before a screenshot was taken. Here’s a snapshot of the classification: The listing doesn’t provide any specific details about the game. However, the classification indicates 2026...

Jul 1 • 12:49 PM EDT • Technology • nintendoeverything.com

Xbox Layoff Plans Reportedly Include Closing Arkane, Canceling Blade

The cuts will apparently start next week.

Jun 30 • 4:59 PM EDT • Technology • engadget.com

Minecraft servers are apparently "illegal," according to the Vice President of America's biggest gaming association

The Entertainment Software Association's Jennifer Gibbons claimed that Minecraft servers were "illegal" and "not affiliated with Microsoft."

Jun 30 • 6:50 AM EDT • Technology • pcgamesn.com

Evidence points to potential new LCD screen for Nintendo Switch 2

The Nintendo Switch 2 screen could be getting a revision, based on the latest evidence. On a Chinese resale site, a listing recently appeared for a a new model of the system’s LCD panel. Sharp would apparently behind the updated screen. The current Nintendo Switch 2 features a panel from Innolux. This new screen has a different circuit, connector, and...

Jun 29 • 2:14 PM EDT • Technology • nintendoeverything.com

Xbox reportedly stops signing third-party Game Pass deals

Studios are apparently no longer being offered Xbox Game Pass deals. But what does this actually mean?

Jun 29 • 9:49 AM EDT • Technology • eurogamer.net

Galaxy Z's days are apparently numbered: Accessories point to a very unusual name for Samsung's iPhone Ultra competitor

At first, it was called the Galaxy Z Wide Fold or the Galaxy Z Fold 8 Wide, then—according to generally reliable sources—simply the Galaxy Z Fold8. Now a fourth name has surfaced for the compact and wider iPhone Ultra alternative, that Samsung will unveil on July 22 alongside the updated Galaxy Z Fold 8 Ultra. However, as authentic as these images seem to be, there are doubts.

Jun 28 • 1:33 PM EDT • Technology • notebookcheck.net

PS5 Pre-Orders of GTA 6 Apparently Outpacing Xbox by 6:1

Not gonna be close

Jun 26 • 12:30 PM EDT • Technology • pushsquare.com

Two Yankees Pitching Prospects ‘Turning Heads’ in Minors This Year

The old saying is you can never have enough pitching, which the New York Yankees have apparently taken to heart. The Yankees have a stockpile of potential starting-pitching arms in the minor leagues, including Elmer Rodriguez, and two “head turning” prospects, Ben Hess and Chase Hampton. The Yankees lead the majors in team ERA (3.30) […] The post Two Yankees Pitching Prospects ‘Turning Heads’ in Minors This Year appeared first on HEAVY.

Jun 26 • 11:17 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

A potential Lakers center target is apparently off the table

A rim-running, defensive-minded center who has been linked to the Lakers just got traded to another team.

Jun 23 • 2:17 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Rep. Dan Goldman addresses Brooklyn coffee shop banning him over his views on Israel

Rep. Dan Goldman called it “sad” that a Brooklyn coffee shop apparently banned him with a viral social media post amid a heated Democratic primary election that has focused heavily on the politics of the Israel-Gaza war.

Jun 23 • 1:12 AM EDT • Politics • cnn.com

Kojima Says Only Xbox And Phil Spencer Understood OD, His New Horror Game

Apparently, former Xbox boss Phil Spencer got OD while other video game CEOs didn't

Jun 22 • 5:18 PM EDT • Technology • kotaku.com

George Lucas returns to the big screen in 'Minions and Monsters' role

Apparently, Lucas is a big Minions fan.

Jun 21 • 11:55 AM EDT • Entertainment • mashable.com

Tom Holland appears to confirm he and Zendaya are married

Tom Holland has apparently confirmed that he and Zendaya have tied the knot. This comes after months of speculation sparked by Zendaya’s stylist in March. Holland addressed the rumors during

Jun 16 • 3:15 PM EDT • Entertainment • yakimaherald.com

Sonic Frontiers: Definitive Edition apparently spotted at retail for Nintendo Switch 2

Latest leak for Sonic Frontiers: Definitive Edition shows that the game is appearing at stores, and here's a first look at the box.

Jun 15 • 5:34 PM EDT • Technology • nintendoeverything.com

Seahawks' White House visit apparently isn't happening

Jun 14 • 10:19 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Apple’s iPhone Ultra Now Tipped To Launch In 2027 With A Base Price Of $2,000, While The High-End Variant To Cost $2,200

Apple is apparently pushing back the debut of its iPhone Ultra amid an onslaught of engineering and supply chain-related challenges.

Jun 14 • 9:24 PM EDT • Technology • wccftech.com

Ubisoft Says The Original Rayman Legends Is "Staying Put"

Retold apparently won't be replacing it

Jun 13 • 10:55 PM EDT • Technology • nintendolife.com

Yankees At Jays Game Thread

I really figured Canada would win this afternoon. Well, let’s win tonight. Schneider and Kirk (who says his thumb is getting better all the time) are back and in the lineup. Heineman (DFA) and Varsho (IL) are gone. My wife will be sad that Heineman won’t be around to be shirtless. Apparently Daulton got a […]

Jun 12 • 7:09 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

How to judge Trump’s claims he’s ended the Iran war

The world whiplashed Thursday between an apparently imminent, dangerous escalation of the war in Iran and a claim of peace in our time.

Jun 12 • 12:11 AM EDT • Politics • cnn.com

Verizon says these Pixel Watch models are about to get Wear OS 7

Google announced Wear OS 7 less than a month ago and, apparently, it’s already ready to roll out, as Verizon...

Jun 9 • 4:25 PM EDT • Technology • 9to5google.com

Nintendo Switch 2 and Switch NES, SNES, and Game Boy games reportedly getting challenges

NES, SNES, and Game Boy apps for Nintendo Switch 2 and Switch get major version updates, and challenges have apparently been leaked.

Jun 8 • 8:06 AM EDT • Technology • nintendoeverything.com

Pigeons are famous long-distance flyers. And apparently the liver could be their GPS

From wartime messages to love letters, pigeons have carried our mail for centuries. A new study suggests the secret to how they find their way might be hiding in an unexpected place: the liver.

Jun 7 • 4:00 AM EDT • Science • cbc.ca

Samsung Galaxy Z Flip8 to have both Exynos and Snapdragon chips

Which one you get will depend on where you're located, apparently. We've already heard that Samsung would be using the Exynos 2600 SoC in the upcoming...

Jun 4 • 5:59 PM EDT • Technology • gsmarena.com

Home Is Where Your Politics Are

It’s apparently not the case that Winston Churchill once said anyone not a liberal at 20 lacked compassion, while anyone not a conservative at 30 lacked intelligence. Whoever made the observation (it may trace to...

Jun 4 • 8:49 AM EDT • Politics • aei.org

Kayshon Boutte reportedly ‘interested in a trade’ from Patriots

Kayshon Boutte is apparently looking to leave New England.

Jun 4 • 5:00 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

The Adventures Of Elliot: The Millennium Tales Estimated Playtime Revealed

It apparently takes "around 30 hours"

Jun 1 • 10:55 PM EDT • Technology • nintendolife.com

Infinity Ward sneakily offers first look at Modern Warfare 4 multiplayer gameplay, and apparently it's all about movement now

Modern Warfare 4 has shown off multiplayer for the first time, and there's a major emphasis on movement that even Infinity Ward's harshest critics didn't expect

Jun 1 • 9:45 AM EDT • Technology • eurogamer.net

Just A Terrible Game, Jays Lose To Orioles

Orioles 9 Blue Jays 5 That was bad in so many ways. Worst of which, Jesús Sánchez was hit in the wrist by a ball thrown from the stands. They are saying he has a contusion, which is pretty much the best possible news. It was weird. Apparently, a kid(?) or young person, thought that […]

May 31 • 3:16 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

MSI Claw 8 EX AI+ with Intel Arc G3 Extreme appears in early Computex hands-on

MSI Claw 8 EX AI+ spotted at Computex booth with Arc G3 Extreme MSI’s next Claw handheld has appeared in an early Computex hands-on, apparently from the

May 30 • 8:00 AM EDT • Technology • videocardz.com

Rumor: Sonic Frontiers: Definitive Edition Nintendo Switch 2 tech improvements detailed

More details about Sonic Frontiers: Definitive Edition has apparently come to light via the latest leak. In the newest update, we’re hearing about how the game will be improved from a technical standpoint on Nintendo Switch 2. billbil-kun previously claimed to have outed the game’s release date last week. This person has a reliable track record and seems to obtain...

May 27 • 7:45 AM EDT • Technology • nintendoeverything.com

Trump, near 80, to have annual physical amid scrutiny of recent ailments

U.S. President Donald Trump, who turns 80 next month, will undergo his routine annual ​physical on Tuesday at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, following a year of public attention on apparently minor ‌health issues.

May 26 • 6:05 AM EDT • Health • reuters.com

Samsung reportedly renaming Galaxy Z Fold 8 and Galaxy Z Wide Fold

Strap in for some confusion this July because Samsung is apparently renaming its highly anticipated new Galaxy foldables.

May 24 • 6:20 PM EDT • Technology • phonearena.com

Steelers' second-year RB turning heads at OTAs

Pittsburgh Steelers running back Kaleb Johnson is apparently primed for a massive Year 2 jump, as he's standing out in a big way at OTAs.

May 24 • 11:23 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Kash Patel’s personal merch site hacked to trick users into installing malware

FBI Director Kash Patel’s personal merchandise site went offline after a hack apparently tricked visitors into downloading malware.

May 22 • 11:28 AM EDT • Technology • san.com

Rumor: Sonic Frontiers: Definitive Edition Nintendo Switch 2 release date leaked

SEGA has yet to officially announce Sonic Frontiers: Definitive Edition, but the game’s release date has apparently been leaked. billbil-kun reports that the game will launch on June 23, 2026. We’re also hearing that it will cost $50 and a physical release is confirmed. However, it’s unclear if that means a proper cartridge version or a game-key card. June 23...

May 22 • 11:27 AM EDT • Technology • nintendoeverything.com

Google has apparently ended updates for every Chromecast except one

Following a strange issue causing first-generation Chromecast devices to fail, Google has ended software updates for nearly every other Chromecast...

May 22 • 9:50 AM EDT • Technology • 9to5google.com

Neanderthal Dentistry, and the Scientist Glad Not to Have Experienced It

The prehistoric hominins “apparently were very adept at what we would consider invasive medicine,” said the anthropologist John Olsen.

May 19 • 10:35 AM EDT • Science • nytimes.com

Apple Watch Ultra 4 Could Get Redesign and Blood Pressure Monitoring

The Apple Watch Ultra 4 could feature a complete redesign and blood pressure monitoring, according to DigiTimes. Apple will apparently add a new high blood pressure notification feature to the Apple Watch that uses the optical heart-rate sensor on the back of the device to analyze how blood vessels respond to each heartbeat, sending alerts when an abnormal pattern is detected. The feature is said to be under FDA review.

May 18 • 12:08 PM EDT • Technology • macrumors.com

Xbox is now XBOX, apparently

Xbox has been rebranded as, er, XBOX.

May 17 • 11:25 AM EDT • Technology • eurogamer.net

🚨 Osasuna-Atlético de Madrid: line-ups confirmed in Pamplona

Osasuna, still in the fight for the European places, host an Atlético side that apparently has nothing left to play for until the end of the season.This is how the teams line up today at El Sadar; th...

May 12 • 2:46 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Data shows consumers dropped health coverage after Republicans let subsidies expire

After the GOP rejected efforts to maintain Biden-era subsidies, many assumed millions would drop their coverage. The predictions were apparently right.

May 12 • 1:18 PM EDT • Health • ms.now

Fetterman weighs in after PA Supreme Court justice apparently splits from Democratic Party over antisemitism

Sen. John Fetterman responds after Pennsylvania Supreme Court Justice David Wecht sounds alarm about antisemitism in the Democratic Party.

May 12 • 11:47 AM EDT • Politics • foxnews.com

Tom Henderson: Rayman Legends remake retains “everything people love”

Journalist Tom Henderson has recently commented on the rumoured Rayman Legends remake which is apparently in development at Ubisoft. Many were aghast that Ubisoft were remaking such a relatively…

May 9 • 10:27 AM EDT • Technology • mynintendonews.com

Apple’s AirPods with cameras for AI are apparently close to production

The new headphones might help you decide what to make for dinner.

May 7 • 3:39 PM EDT • Technology • theverge.com

Ironmouse Cancels Gacha Game Sponsorship Over 'Blatant' GenAI Use

The team behind the newly released open-world gacha game apparently promised the VTuber that the AI slop would be removed before launch

May 6 • 12:25 PM EDT • Technology • kotaku.com

1 confirmed case of measles in Manhattan

The person apparently visited the restaurant Norma in Hell's Kitchen on April 25 between 5-8 p.m.

May 5 • 1:45 PM EDT • Health • abc7ny.com

Keeping Prices Secret In Healthcare Is Apparently Good For Business

Those with a vested interest in the status quo, are resisting transparency regulations. After all, maintaining opaque pricing in healthcare has been profitable to them.

May 5 • 10:18 AM EDT • Business • forbes.com

Pixel 11 Pro will ditch the temperature sensor, leak says – did you use it?

After three generations, Google is apparently saying goodbye to its built-in temperature sensor on Pixel 11 Pro. 2023’s Pixel 8...

May 5 • 8:30 AM EDT • Technology • 9to5google.com

Apparently, it's a man's world when it comes to overhauling Oklahoma sports and other contest rules

What the heck were leaders of the Oklahoma Secondary School Activities Association thinking when they proudly announced they had chosen only men to serve on a powerful new committee to review the governing body’s rules?

May 4 • 6:30 AM EDT • Sports • oklahomavoice.com

MindsEye CEO Apparently Found Time To Vibe Code An AI Feature

The Build a Rocket Boy co-CEOs could really do with a new PR manager, because they've even managed to upset the die-hard MindsEye community this time

May 3 • 10:22 AM EDT • Technology • kotaku.com

Mathematicians Claim Significant Discovery Using ChatGPT

A 23-year-old has apparently found the solution to a famous difficult math conjecture called an Erdős problems by prompting ChatGPT.

May 2 • 7:30 AM EDT • Technology • futurism.com

“Win Back Fans”: Microsoft Stock (NASDAQ:MSFT) Plunges as Microsoft Admits It Is Losing

Tech giant Microsoft ($MSFT) has not exactly made a lot of friends lately with some of its moves, and Microsoft is apparently starting to feel the impact in the bot...

Apr 30 • 1:35 PM EDT • Technology • tipranks.com

OnePlus has reportedly been merged with Realme as the downward spiral continues

Amid plenty of evidence that OnePlus is shutting down or at least limiting its global operations, the brand has apparently...

Apr 29 • 2:04 PM EDT • Technology • 9to5google.com

Apple might ditch MagSafe on future iPhones, per bizarre rumor

MagSafe is a fan-favorite iPhone feature, but a bizarre rumor this week says Apple is apparently debating whether to remove...

Apr 29 • 11:59 AM EDT • Technology • 9to5mac.com

Hatsune Miku gets glowing fishing rod and reel in wild new collab

Hatsune Miku is officially getting her own fishing gear, because apparently even the virtual pop star needs her own tackle box.

Apr 28 • 11:17 AM EDT • Technology • dexerto.com

Slay The Spire 2 Dev Sets Record Straight On Controversial Boss

Even though The Doormaker is apparently the easiest Act 3 boss in Slay the Spire 2, Mega Crit still want to make sure the fight isn't "too abrasive against certain playstyles"

Apr 25 • 2:25 PM EDT • Technology • kotaku.com

New iPhone Ultra schematics leak, showing prior reports didn’t do it justice

The iPhone Ultra is apparently even sleeker than previous leaks had claimed.

Apr 24 • 10:56 PM EDT • Technology • phonearena.com

'The Idea Is Not Dead' - Xbox Boss Explains Why She's Still Keen On A Mobile Store

It seemed to have been killed off, but apparently not!

Apr 22 • 2:30 PM EDT • Technology • purexbox.com

PlayStation legend Shuhei Yoshida says Jim Ryan fired him because he didn't listen to him

Why did Sony push Shuhei Yoshida out of his role leading PlayStation's first-party games? He'd overseen some huge successes. Well, apparently, he didn't listen.

Apr 20 • 6:25 AM EDT • Technology • eurogamer.net

Who Speaks for God? Darwinists Do, Apparently

Center for Science and Culture Senior Fellow Stephen Dilley explores this curious phenomenon in his talk at the 2025 Dallas Conference on Science and Faith.

Apr 18 • 10:59 AM EDT • Science • scienceandculture.com

Costco Is Randomly Selling Big Switch 2 Games For Just $30

Pokémon Legends Z-A and more are apparently being sold for just $30

Apr 18 • 10:44 AM EDT • Technology • kotaku.com

Rumor: New Resident Evil Requiem music found in datamine, Mercenaries could be on the way

Fans have apparently found new music in Resident Evil Requiem's files via a datamine and the game could be getting a Mercenaries mode.

Apr 17 • 7:46 PM EDT • Technology • nintendoeverything.com

Neanderthal Babies Were Apparently Built Different and Reached Toddler Size in Only Six Months

A 50,000-year-old infant skeleton reveals our extinct cousins grew up surprisingly fast to survive

Apr 17 • 7:43 PM EDT • Science • zmescience.com

JD Vance says Trump's post of himself as Jesus was 'a joke'

Vice President JD Vance said President Trump's social media post apparently portraying himself as Jesus was "a joke."

Apr 14 • 9:18 AM EDT • Politics • usatoday.com

Random: Borderlands 4 Physical Switch 2 Version Apparently Surfaces In The Wild

Development on the Nintendo version was paused

Apr 13 • 6:30 AM EDT • Technology • nintendolife.com

Rumour: Fable Has Apparently Been Delayed Internally, But May Still Launch In 2026

"They are worried about the launch of GTA6"

Apr 13 • 6:00 AM EDT • Technology • purexbox.com