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3 bold predictions for Broncos’ game vs. Jaguars
Here are our bold predictions for the Broncos' game against the Jaguars on Sunday.
NFL Sunday Night Football best bets Week 2
Sunday Night Football brings the Indianapolis Colts to Arrowhead to face the Kansas City Chiefs, and there are several player props worth targeting. Here are four bets for the Week 2 NFL matchup. MORE: Bold predictions for Week 2 of…
5 bold predictions for Bears vs. Vikings
Some big receiving performances for both teams and a signature rookie moment highlight our bold predictions for Bears vs. Vikings.
Bold predictions in Fantasy Football Week 2
Fantasy Football bold predictions for Week 2.
Sutton's predictions: Brighton v Arsenal
There might be a bit of an edge to this one after Brighton boss Fabian Hurzeler had a pop at Arsenal over their time-wasting when they beat the Seagulls near the end of last season. It doesn't seem to matter who they are missing from their team, Brighton are just bold as brass with the way they press and get men forward. Luka Vuskovic, who they got from Spurs for £46m in the summer, is only 19 but he strolled through the game against United.
Bears vs. Vikings Predictions: Spread, Total, and 1 Bold Pick!
Our guy @wiltfongjr makes his Bears-Vikings pick vs. the spread, the total, and more right here.
Baltimore Orioles’ Chris Bassitt Makes Bold Pete Alonso Claim
Chris Bassitt praised Baltimore Orioles first baseman Pete Alonso.
Cardinals’ Jeremiyah Love Shares Bold Update on Health Entering Week 2
The Arizona Cardinals had a shocking upset over the Los Angeles Chargers in Week 1. This was fueled by No. 3 pick Jeremiyah Love’s impressive debut with the team. Coming off an ankle injury, Love looked the part of a first-round pick with 50 yards from scrimmage and a touchdown, playing in less than half of […] The post Cardinals’ Jeremiyah Love Shares Bold Update on Health Entering Week 2 appeared first on HEAVY.
Florida's Jadan Baugh Earns Strong NFL Draft Prediction
Florida Gators running back Jadan Baugh has received a bold prediction for the 2027 NFL Draft.
3 bold predictions for Indiana football vs Western Kentucky
From Josh Hoover’s final statline to the margin of victory, here’s three bold predictions for WKU week.
Vikings Receive Bold Predictions for Game vs. Chicago Bears
Explosive offensive forecasts suggest Minnesota could rack up 450 yards in Chicago as Jordan Addison looks to capitalize on defensive lapses and a high-stakes divisional showdown.
RFK Jr.’s Bold Reassurance to Anti-Vaxxers
“You have friends in the White House,” he said at a conference hosted by the anti-vaccine organization he founded.
Tom Brady Makes Bold Announcement Regarding Bears After Week 1
After an impressive start to the season, NFL legend Tom Brady made a bold announcement on the Bears heading into Week 2. The post Tom Brady Makes Bold Announcement Regarding Bears After Week 1 appeared first on HEAVY.
New York Yankees Urged to Make Bold Paul Goldschmidt Decision
The New York Yankees, much like all the other postseason teams in MLB, will have to make tough decisions when it comes to their October roster. It’s a 26-man roster in October across MLB, and no team can carry more than 13 pitchers. How a club opts to round out its roster is entirely up […] The post New York Yankees Urged to Make Bold Paul Goldschmidt Decision appeared first on HEAVY.
3 bold predictions for Michigan Football vs UTEP
Michigan Football will enter Big Ten play 3-0 if it takes care of business against UTEP on Saturday. Here are our 3 bold predictions for this matchup:
Deion Sanders refuses to settle for mediocre with Colorado football
Despite an undefeated start, Coach Prime demands perfection before Big 12 play while balancing a road test against Northwestern and a bold push for federal legislative reform.
Leeds United thrive after formation switch
As the nascent Premier League table takes shape, the sight of Leeds United in third place feels like a throwback to the turn of the century, when they secured five top-five finishes on the bounce. The 4-1 home win over Newcastle United means Daniel Farke's unbeaten side have made their best start to a top-flight season since 2001-02 under David O'Leary. In truth, with eight points from four games, Leeds have been playing well for some time - and it can all be traced back to a bold change of formation by Farke almost nine months ago.
Truth and Politics in the Age of Post-Truth
Get E-International Relations delivered to your inbox, free of charge. As you sign up, consider becoming a paid subscriber, or make a donation, to support our work. Subscribe This is an excerpt from Global Politics in a Post-Truth Era. You can download the book free of charge from E-International Relations. The term post-truth is by now so ubiquitous in describing the state of politics in the Western world and even beyond that the most pressing issue of the day appears to be about making democracy work in the era of post-truth rather than questioning the normalisation of the term itself in the first place. The critical turning point appeared to have occurred in 2016 when the term was chosen by the Oxford English Dictionary as ‘The Word of the Year.’ On its website, the Dictionary notes the transformation of post-truth from ‘being a peripheral term to being a mainstay in political commentary and connects ‘the spike in frequency’ directly with the Brexit referendum in the United Kingdom and the election of Donald J. Trump in the United States – both occurring in 2016. Paired with the noun ‘politics,’ post-truth is defined as an adjective ‘relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief.’ The Oxford English Dictionary traces the first use of the term to a 1992 essay in The Nation by the playwright Steve Tesich as he reflected on the 1980s Iran-Contra scandal and the 1990–91 Gulf War: We are rapidly becoming prototypes of a people that totalitarian monsters could only drool about in their dreams. All the dictators up to now have had to work hard at suppressing the truth. We, by our actions, are saying that this is no longer necessary, that we have acquired a spiritual mechanism that can denude truth of any significance. In a very fundamental way we, as a free people, have freely decided that we want to live in some post-truth world (Tesich 1992, 13; emphasis added). He then continued, The Gulf War is over but the war at home goes on. The gulf between rich and destitute widens – between those of us who live in a modern post-industrial nation and those of us who live in the Third World countries of our inner cities. The present administration’s response to this internal crisis has shifted from benign to malignant neglect. The current levels of misery and decomposition of our cities and the economic gulags of our ghettos are acceptable. Since there is only so much hope to go around, there is a freeze on hope. The have-nots have now been reclassified as never-will-haves (Tesich 1992, 13). In the context of Tesich’s essay, truth includes both facts, as in what happens, and ‘moral absolutes,’ as in the ‘self-evident truths mentioned in our Constitution’ (Tesich 1992, 14). Together, these two notions of truth entail the obligation to both act and react. The two passages cited above show that even in the early post-Cold War years, Tesich was already deeply concerned that the American people are neither prepared to act on truth nor react to truth that is disconcerting, or what he calls ‘bad news’ (Tesich 1992, 12). Accordingly, Tesich’s insight as captured by the term post-truth is not that truth is irrelevant to what we know, but rather it is irrelevant to how we act. In contrast, ‘post-truth politics,’ as defined by Oxford as a term that pitches ‘objective facts’ against ‘emotion and personal belief’ such that the latter appears to have overtaken the former in shaping ‘public opinion’ and thereby, democratic politics. When Tesich’s post-truth politics and its current usage are juxtaposed, the two are in fact not identical in terms of what truth is and how it relates to politics. Against such consideration, this chapter provides a critical survey of selected historical events and theoretical considerations for the purpose of gaining a more nuanced understanding of the relation between truth and politics. Truth and Language One notable impact of post-truth politics is that language is being overtly deployed as a political weapon not only by politicians and those in power, but among the general population. It seems that once facts are irrelevant to the validity of what is being said, language becomes the platform for an all-out political contest in which what is said is no more than an act of will expressed as an assertion of power and/or an exercise in defiance. As early as in the writings of Thucydides (460–400 BCE), the vulnerability of logos – which is the human capacity for rational discourse in tumultuous times – was already noted. Thucydides belonged to a school of Greek thought which maintained that language is conventional and that the association between name and things is a result of ‘human use and habit’ rather than ‘nature or divine dispensation’ (Connor 1984, 99). The conventional nature of language means that it is incapable of providing its users with any independent criteria for judgement. In Thucydides’ study of the Peloponnesian War (431–405 BCE), the subversion of logos as seen in the manipulation of language was introduced through his account of the civil war in Corcyra (Thucydides 1972, 236-245). The war first broke out in 427 BCE between the pro-Athenian democratic faction and the pro-Spartan oligarchic faction before it spread to the rest of the Greek world. There was a general breakdown of law and order, resulting in extreme violence and death. Language underwent changes that were reflective of the events of the time. The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) translated Thucydides’ description of the situation as follows: The received value of names imposed for signification of things, was changed into arbitrary. For inconsiderate boldness, was counted true-hearted manliness: provident deliberation, a handsome fear: modesty, the cloak of cowardice: to be wise in everything, to be lazy in everything... he that had been so provident as not to need to do the one or the other, was said to be a dissolver of society, and one that stood in fear of his adversary. In brief, he that could outstrip another in the doing of an evil act, or that could persuade another thereto that never meant it, was commended (Hobbes 1839–1845, 8: 348; Thucydides 1972, 242-243). What concerned Thucydides most was that the meanings of words are no more than linguistic conventions that require logos to support them. The Corcyrean civil war was a reminder that such capacity cannot be assumed. This is why history understood as an authentic account of what happens matters. Guided by logos, the historian’s task is ‘the search after truth’, which is established through ‘the absence of the fabulous,’ including ‘the rejection of myth and unverifiable stories’ (de Jonge 2017, 2). Thus, history plays an important role in facilitating the stability of language – without which distinctions and judgements cannot be rendered communicable. Just like Thucydides, Hobbes was a nominalist who subscribed to the view that there is no inherent meaning to words. Hobbes’ state of nature, where there is no common authority, is precisely one in which distinctions cannot be made. As Hobbes put it, there is ‘no Mine and Thine distinct’ nor is there distinction between ‘the notions of Right and Wrong, Justice and Injustice’ (1968, 188; emphasis in original). This is clearly an unsustainable condition for everyone. Behind Hobbes’ famous words that life in the state of nature is ‘solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short’ is his uncompromising argument for the ‘Leviathan’, which is described by the late American political theorist, Sheldon Wolin (1922–2015), as the ‘sovereign definer’ (Hobbes 1968, 186; Wolin 2004, 238–243). Accordingly, the social contract is importantly a ‘linguistic contract’ that binds all parties to ‘general names agreed upon’ (Peters 1979, 125; Hobbes 1968, 111). Through Thucydides and Hobbes, we can identify a line of thinking that sees politics as a contestation over the use of language, which is based on shared conventions and norms. Thus understood, politics is not a collective quest for the true nature of our being or an epistemological exercise in pursuit of true knowledge. Rather, politics is about humans living with one another by finding a shared language to communicate with one another on matters that affect them all. Truth is in that sense contingent on what is being said as opposed to setting the standard for it. In other words, truth is the embodiment of shareability among us. While truth as such ensures the viability of a political entity, truth by no means represents a normative standard to adjudicate among contesting actors in what they say, let alone in what they do. During Thucydides’ times, ancient China was also experiencing a tumultuous time as the ruling Zhou dynasty deteriorated into the period of the Warring States (481–221 BCE). This was when the rulers of Zhou no longer presided over the territories brought under its control through conquest. Instead of professing allegiance to the Zhou royalty, the lords of these territories became kings themselves to rule over their own land. The period was one marked by endless military campaigns as each of the seven major states aimed to conquer the rest (Lewis 1999). Yet, the period was also known for its intellectual vibrancy as different thinkers challenged the restoring of order among these warring states – including offering ideas and advice to rulers on good governance. Among these thinkers was Confucius (551–479 BCE). His thought, which came to be known as Confucianism, went on to become the state ideology of China from the Han dynasty (206 BCE–222 CE) until the end of the Qing dynasty in 1911 when China became a republic. The founding text of Confucianism was the Analects, which is a collection of dialogues between Confucius and his students as recorded by them. One key concept Confucius advanced is the ‘rectification of names’. Though the term only appears in one exchange in the Analects, it is considered a major aspect of Confucius’ thought. Generations of Confucian scholars from past and present, including Western academics, have debated over its interpretation (Makeham 2003). The passage in question reads as follows: Zi Lu said: ‘The monarch of the state of Wei wants you to govern the country, what is the first thing you plan on doing?’ Confucius said: ‘First it is necessary to rectify the names.’Zi Lu said: ‘Is that really what has to be done? You are being too pedantic, aren’t you now? How will you rectify these names?’Confucius said: ‘Zhong You, you are too unrefined. A gentleman, faced with a matter that he does not understand, takes a skeptical attitude. If names are not correct, one cannot speak smoothly and reasonably, and if one cannot speak smoothly and reasonably, affairs cannot be managed successfully. If affairs cannot be managed successfully, rites and music will not be conducted. If rites and music are not conducted, punishments will not be suitable. And if punishments are not suitable, the common people will not know what to do. So, when the gentleman uses names, it is necessary to be able to speak so that people understand. If one can say it, one can definitely do it. A gentleman should not be careless with words’ (Analects 13:3 in Cao 2016, 148). This translation is offered by the contemporary philosopher Cao Feng. As Cao notes, the passage is what started the whole debate over ‘exactly what kind of names did Confucius... wish to rectify’ (Cao 2016, 148). Of the three major groups of interpretation examined by Cao, beginning with classical Confucian scholarship, one is arguably the most influential and certainly most pertinent to the issue of language and politics. This is the interpretation that was first associated with the Neo-Confucian master, Zhu Xi (1130–1200), who argued that the ‘rectification of names is simply the rectification of politics’ (Cao 2016, 149). Within this interpretive framework, rectification has the dual functions of correction and prescription by ensuring that predetermined hierarchical roles are strictly adhered to through following ‘the system of rites and propriety’ (Cao 2016, 151). In addition, the rectification of names entails ‘using names to rectify actuality’ (Cao 2016, 151). Yet Cao rejects this whole body of interpretive works by arguing that these were ideas developed later. Instead, Cao suggests the following: The original meaning of Confucius’ rectification of names may, then, be quite simple. Confucius did not mean to establish a concrete, normative system of “names”; rather, Confucius was simply the first person in history to realize or remark upon the importance of language in politics. As a politician, he noticed and foresaw the impact that the indeterminacy, ambiguity, and arbitrariness of names would have on politics. Confucius recognized the political consequences of language’s not accurately expressing meaning or not being accurately received by people. He realized the great role that names, as a means of distinguishing right and wrong and establishing norms, could play in society and politics (Cao 2016, 168). Scholarly debates aside, Cao’s view has the advantage of identifying an interpretation of this controversial exchange in the Analects that enables its readers to extrapolate from it the observation that the meaning of words depends as much on their users as on their interpreters; neither of which can be predetermined. Accordingly, a good ruler is someone who can speak without ambiguity to his subjects and make good his words through actions. Stated differently, Cao’s view on what concerned Confucius then, who was living through times of protracted political upheaval, is that language is an indispensable political tool for those in power and can be deployed by both good and bad rulers alike. To sum up, this historical survey shows that politics as a war of words is by no means a distinctive marker of contemporary politics nor the Western world. Be it ancient or current, east or west, language is subject to manipulation to serve political purposes and when there is an outright war of words that defies existing norms, it is indicative of a political situation in which people no longer share a language and truth becomes irrelevant. Accordingly, political order entails stability in language use. Truth and Politics As previously noted, current use of the term post-truth as an adjective to the term ‘politics’ suggests that once there was a time when politics aligned with truth. Indeed, if we start with Plato’s Republic as the key founding text of Western political thought, we see that the ideal polis (city-state of ancient Greece) is where truth and politics converge, and justice is achieved. Written around 380 BCE when Athens was still coping with its defeat by the Spartans in the Peloponnesian War, the Republic is a defence of the rule of the ‘philosopher king’, defined as someone who is ‘guided by the truth’ and is ‘always and in every way’ in pursuit of the truth (Plato 1974, 490a). For Plato, truth converges with virtues and hence, letting the philosopher take charge of politics is to let the wisest and the most virtuous lead the less wise and the less virtuous even if it requires compulsion (Plato 1974, 499b). In Plato’s words, ‘…until the philosophers attain power in a city there will be no respite from evil for either city or citizens…’ (Plato 1974, 501e). The uncompromising rule of philosopher-kings is made palatable by the claim that we are all ‘earth- born brothers’ with random mixtures of gold, silver, bronze and iron, but only the gold can rule (Plato 1974, 414–415). Understandably, academic debates over the interpretation of Plato’s Republic revolve around the question of whether truth as attained in philosophy can be realised in politics as action and whether such a connection is even desirable. Without getting into the details of these scholarly exchanges, I suggest that they all share the concern that truth acquired through the rigorous process of philosophical reasoning is not without problem when applied to the real world of living humans. This is because not all humans are philosophers – and indeed, in Plato’s view, not everyone is capable of becoming a philosopher given the protracted and arduous training that one needs to endure to become one. Hannah Arendt (1906–1975), a highly influential political philosopher of the twentieth century, notes that ‘Plato was the first to introduce the division between those who know and do not act and those who act and do not know’ and that such a separation has remained ‘at the root of all theories of domination’ (Arendt 1958, 223, 225). What Arendt points out in this remark is not the gap between theory and practice, but rather that Plato provides the normative ground for those who know the truth to tell those who do not know what to do. Arendt herself took on the challenge of understanding the relationship between truth and politics through her analysis of Nazism and Stalinism. Arendt’s insight, which was controversial when The Origins of Totalitarianism was published in 1951, was to identify Nazism and Stalinism as representative of a new form of political rule – totalitarianism – making it distinct from ‘other forms of political oppression... such as despotism, tyranny and dictatorship’ (Arendt 1973, 460). Arendt defines totalitarianism as a self- contained system of ideas driven by their ‘logic’ and marked by a mode of reasoning called ‘ideological thinking.’ Ideological thinking as such is a distinctive form of political reasoning defined by three characteristics. First, ideological thinking claims to provide a ‘total explanation’ of all historical happenings, encompassing the past, the present, and the future. Second, while ideological thinking is an attempt to account for ‘factual reality’ in its totality, this mode of thinking is paradoxically divorced from reality and experience. This is because experience, being rooted in specificity, is clearly limited in its claim to totality. It follows that as its third characteristic, ideological thinking aims to emancipate thought from the limitation imposed by experience through a ‘specific method of demonstration.’ The method involves arranging facts into an ‘absolutely logical procedure’ that starts from an ‘axiomatically accepted premise’. It is, in short, a ‘process of deduction from a premise’ – which is the only possible movement in the realm of logic that leads to one definitive conclusion. This is how the ‘logicality of ideological thinking’ provides the basis for total explanation and the ‘principle of action’ for totalitarian movement (Arendt 1973, 468–474). Stated differently, totalitarianism is a form of uncompromising idealism that exists in one’s head irrespective of shared reality as experienced. It is the perverse form of what Arendt later refers to as ‘rational truth’, which is the product of the ‘speculative mind’ that belongs to philosophy, mathematics and the sciences. The ‘speculative mind’ is the mind working on its way to generate axioms and theories by relying on the cognitive capacity of the human brain (Arendt 1977, 231). The presence of others has no bearing whatsoever on rational truth. In contrast, ‘factual truth’ is what happens when humans are ‘living and acting together’ (Arendt 1977, 231). Factual truth is therefore particular and temporal by definition. But more importantly, factual truth is ‘political by nature’ because it can only be validated in the context of the human community (Arendt 1977, 238). In other words, factual truth is about humans in their plurality rather than in their singularity. For factual truth to be sustainable, we need what Arendt calls ‘common sense’ – understood as ‘community sense’ (Arendt 1982, 72). There is also another distinction about truth that Arendt makes which is pertinent to understanding how totalitarianism works. The issue is whether the so-called totalitarian ideology is simply an unnecessarily cumbersome way of saying that it is an all-round and polished lie. Here, Arendt calls totalitarian ideology the ‘modern lie’ – in contrast to the ‘traditional lie’. The latter is restricted by two conditions: that it is a lie about the ‘particulars’ and that it deceives only the ‘enemy’ – which means that the liar is not engaged in self- deception. The modern lie, however, involves a ‘complete rearrangement of the whole factual texture’. It also intends to deceive everyone alike, to the extent that those who initiate the lie eventually ‘fall victims to their own falsehood’ (Arendt 1977, 249–254). This distinction between the traditional and modern lie is important. It indicates that not only is totalitarianism a lie, but the lie is in fact too big to fit into the standard meaning of the word. To tell a lie from truth, we need a common standard. In the case of a traditional lie, the common standard is precisely ‘the fabric of factuality’. As such, a lie always appears as a ‘tear’ to that fabric. Yet, modern lies require making a surrogate reality with a completely different context for facts to fit ‘without seam, crack, or fissure, exactly as the facts fitted into their original context’. Arendt notes that as long as those who concoct the surrogate reality are prepared to engage in self- deception to ‘create a semblance of truthfulness’, there is nothing to prevent ‘these new stories, images, and non-facts from becoming an adequate substitute for reality and factuality’ (Arendt 1977, 253–254). Totalitarianism therefore requires a person to stand outside of the system itself in order to make sense of it. Arendt points out that it is futile for us to argue with (for example) a Nazi or a Stalinist on race or class. To confront totalitarianism requires more than just a confrontation with specific facts. It is a more fundamental confrontation between reality as experienced and its total rejection. This means that Nazism and Stalinism are more than radical ways of conducting racial conflict or class struggle. Rather: Totalitarian politics – far from being simply antisemitic or racist or imperialist or communist – use and abuse their own ideological and political elements until the basis of factual reality, from which the ideologies originally derived their propaganda value– the value of struggle, for instance, or the interest conflicts between Jews and their neighbours – have all but disappeared (Arendt 1973, xv). Accordingly: The ideal subject of totalitarian rule is not the convinced Nazi or the convinced Communist, but people for whom the distinction between fact and fiction (that is, the reality of experience) and the distinction between true and false (that is, the standards of thought) no longer exist (Arendt 1973, 474). Who then is the ‘ideal subject’ of totalitarianism? Although there is a revival of interest in Arendt’s observation on truth and politics since the onset of post- truth politics, not enough has been said about her reply to the question (Hyvönen 2018; Klinkler 2018; Lee 2019; Zerilli 2020). Yet if we take a look at Arendt’s portrait of this ideal subject, her view is even more pertinent to our current challenge. As a self-contained system of ideas that is detached from experience, totalitarian thinking offers consistency in ways that reality cannot. Arendt notes that this kind of consistency is especially appealing to those who have lost a sense of bearing in the world (Arendt 1973, 353). They constitute what she calls the ‘masses’. The ‘mass man’ is thus a highly isolated and atomised individual, who is ‘obsessed by a desire to escape from reality’ (Arendt 1973, 318, 352). In his ‘essential homelessness’ the mass man can ‘no longer bear its accidental, incomprehensible aspects’ (Arendt 1973, 352). This longing for escape from reality is a ‘verdict against the world’ in which one is ‘forced to live’ but ‘cannot exist’ (Arendt 1973, 352). Such a situation is ripe for the ‘revolt of the masses’ against ‘common sense,’ which is ‘the result of their atomisation, of their loss of social status’ and with it, the ‘whole sector of communal relationships in whose framework common sense makes sense’ (Arendt 1973, 352). In short, the masses are people who are considered to be ‘superfluous or can be spared … [who] cannot be integrated into any organisation based on common interest’ (Arendt 1973, 311). Whether one agrees with Arendt’s analysis of the social conditions in the interwar years that led to the formation of the ‘masses’, her portrait of the ‘mass man’ is a powerful account of what can happen to an individual who has become disposable to the society that they used to belong to. Hand in hand with this phenomenon is indeed the collapse of ‘common sense’ that leaves the dislodged individual scrambling for reconnection. By offering the masses a substitute reality validated by the ‘logic of an idea’ rather than by experience, totalitarianism makes it possible for them to live in a world where there is no condition of plurality. Between ‘facing the anarchic growth and total arbitrariness of decay’ and ‘bowing down before the most rigid, fantastically fictitious consistency of an ideology’, the masses will likely ‘choose the latter’ (Arendt 1973, 352). A world created by ideology, then, is more attractive to the masses not because ‘they are stupid and wicked, but because in the general disaster this escape grants them a minimum of self- respect’ by conjuring up ‘a lying world of consistency which is more adequate to the needs of the human mind than reality itself’ (Arendt 1973, 353). Moreover, it is precisely this ability to guarantee consistency that makes it possible for the leaders of totalitarian movements to demand ‘total, unrestricted, unconditional and unalterable loyalty of the individual member’ (Arendt 1973, 323). While this chapter is not a study of the social factors that led to specific contemporary developments such as the result of the Brexit referendum or the election of Donald Trump in 2016, Arendt’s ‘mass man’ seem to have found their counterparts among the supporters of Brexit and Trumpism. Studies of voters’ profiles in both events point to a disproportionate share of supporters from white male lower income backgrounds without university educations. These are individuals who have either already lost their jobs to globalisation or who are at high risk of losing their job with very little capacity to be retrained for the twenty-first century market economy of advanced industrialised states (BBC 2016; Pew Research Center 2018). In short, these displaced workers are part of the tapestry forming the modern equivalent of Arendt’s ‘mass man’ – ready to be the recruits of totalitarianism. Conclusion If we step back to take a more comprehensive approach to the relationship between truth and politics, both historically and theoretically, it is not so obvious that 2016 is a defining moment. From ancient China and ancient Greece to our so-called post-truth age, the indeterminacy of language appears to be a persistent political challenge. Language is always open to manipulation by its users to serve power. Nonetheless, the tendency these days is to single out the ubiquity of social media and the proliferation of Internet platforms as the incubator for the countless cyberwars of words that in turn fuel the real world of politics. In this context, language is no longer the conveyor of objective facts and accurate information, but rather the medium for expressing subjective opinions and feelings, as captured by the Oxford Dictionary’s definition of the term ‘post-truth politics’. In contrast, the historical approach used in this chapter shows that it is in fact too easy to point the figure at the Internet and digital communication for the political challenge that we face today. What is being suggested here is that with or without the Internet, language, be it used to convey facts or emotions, is simply a tool for communication that humans have invented. While language per se cannot adjudicate what is true or not true, what is right or wrong, it embodies such capacity when language is a shared norm. That shared norm cannot be sustained without some semblance of cohesion in any given community. Any war of words, irrespective of its platform, is indicative of the breakdown of such cohesiveness. Returning to the original context in which the term post-truth politics was first used by Steve Tesich helps to identify the important distinction between truth as the standard for knowledge and truth as the standard for action. The two do not necessarily coincide. Placed in the context of the history of political thought, this distinction is in fact at the heart of Plato’s Republic. Yet when the philosopher as the quintessential bearer of truth becomes king, the polis that he rules over is far from the ideal of a just state that it purports to be. Instead, it is one that is held together by lies and coercion. What Arendt reveals through her study of Nazism and Stalinism is that it is dangerous for the kind of truth that philosophy generates – ‘rational truth’ – to become the guide to politics. Politics guided by rational truth can only be uncompromising and follows a logic of its own that cannot afford the ambiguity and indeterminacy of reality as lived experiences of humans. A world of post-truth politics can be an opportunity for a new kind of politics if it is indeed about dismantling the idea that truth is the ideal that politics should strive for. But as it stands, the post-truth politics of today is more about invoking a past that never exists to judge the presence as a crisis in naming when the real crisis is about rebuilding a shared space that has room for all – be they of the left, right or centre; cosmopolitan or parochial; civic-minded or self-centred; liberal-minded or bigoted. Politics is and always will be about striving for that space, without which no human can thrive. References Arendt, Hannah. 1958. The Human Condition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Arendt, Hannah. 1973. The Origins of Totalitarianism. Rev. ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Arendt, Hannah. 1977. “Truth and Politics.” In Between Past and Future, 227–264. New York: Penguin Books. Arendt, Hannah. 1982. Lectures on Kant’s Political Philosophy, edited by Ronald Beiner. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. British Broadcasting Corporation. 2016. “Brexit vote: The breakdown.” BBC News, December 7, 2016. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-38227674 Cao, Feng. 2016. “A New Examination of Confucius’ Rectification of Names.” Journal of Chinese Humanities 2: 147–171. https://doi-org.subzero.lib. uoguelph.ca/ doi/ 10.1163/23521341-12340032. Connor, W. Robert. 1984. Thucydides. Princeton: Princeton University Press. de Jonge, Casper C. 2017. “Dionysius of Halicarnassus on Thucydides.” in The Oxford Handbook of Thucydides, edited by Sara Forsdyke, Edith Foster, and Ryan Balot. Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/ oxfordhb/9780199340385.013.17 https://www-oxfordhandbooks-com.subzero. lib.uoguelph.ca/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199340385.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199340385 Hyvönen, Ari-Elmeri. 2018. “Careless Speech: Conceptualizing Post-Truth Politics.” New Perspectives 26 (3): 31–55. https://www.proquest.com/ scholarly-journals/careless-speech-conceptualizing-post-truth/ docview/2204515132/se-2?accountid=11233. Hobbes, Thomas. 1839–1845. The English Works of Thomas Hobbes, edited by Sir William Molesworth. London: John Bohn. Vol. 8. Klinkner, Melanie. 2018. “Reasonable Truth.” International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics 14 (3): 393–99. doi:10.1386/macp.14.3.393_7. Lee, Haiyan. 2019. “When Nothing Is True, Everything Is Possible: On Truth and Power by Way of Socialist Realism.” PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 134 (5). Cambridge University Press: 1157–64. https://doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2019.134.5.1157 Lewis, Mark E. 1999. “Warring States Political History.” In The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC, edited by Michael Loewe and Edward Shaughnessy, 587–650. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Makeham, John. 2003. “Zheng ming (Rectification of names).” In RoutledgeCurzon Encyclopedia of Confucianism, edited by Xinzhong Yao. Vol. 2: 813-814. New York: Routledge. Oxford Languages, n. d. “Word of the Year 2016.” Accessed 19 August 2017. https://languages.oup.com/word-of-the-year/2016/ Peters, Richard. 1979. Hobbes. Westport: Greenwood Press. Pew Research Center. 2018. “An examination of the 2016 electorate, based on validated voters.” Report, August 9, 2018. https://www.pewresearch.org/ politics/2018/08/09/an-examination-of-the-2016-electorate-based-on- validated-voters/ Plato. 1974. Republic. Translated by G. M. A. Grube. Indianapolis: Hackett. Tesich, Steve. 1992. “Watergate Syndrome: A Government of Lies.” The Nation: 12-14. January 6/13, 1992. Thucydides. 1972. The Peloponnesian War. Translated by Rex Warner. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books. Wolin, Sheldon. 2004. Politics and Vision: Continuity and Innovation in Westen Political Thought. Expanded Edition. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Zerilli, Linda M. G. 2020. ‘Fact-Checking and Truth-Telling in an Age of Alternative Facts.’ Le foucaldien 6, no. 1: 2, 1–22. Theresa Man Ling Lee is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Guelph (Canada). Lee is a political theorist who specializes in contemporary political thought. Her research and teaching areas include continental philosophy, Marxism and critical theory, feminism, postmodernism, philosophy of social science, psychoanalysis, multiculturalism, human rights, disability studies, modern Chinese political thought and comparative political theory. Lee has published on a wide range of subjects in these areas, including intercultural pedagogy and the challenges of teaching as a person with multiple minority designations in a Canadian university classroom.
Testing the Creativity of Randomness
The evolutionary part of this paper relies on wishful thinking. What “could” or “might” happen occurs only in their evolutionary imaginations.
Rocket Lab Makes Bold Move to Broaden Space Business
One major risk surrounding Rocket Lab's expansion just disappeared
The key talking points from Pocognoli's bold Scotland squad
The Sebastien Pocognoli Scotland era is already creating serious intrigue - and the Belgian's squad are yet to assemble for a training-ground rondo, never mind play a game.
'Elsinore' review: Andrew Scott brings humor and divinity to this profound bio-drama
One man's dying wish could inspire you to live bold and brave.
Yankees news: Austin Wells offers bold All-Star rotation take
The New York Yankees secured their place in the 2026 postseason after the Toronto Blue Jays lost 8-3 to the Detroit Tigers. Following an 8-3 road win against the Minnesota Twins on Monday night, catcher Austin Wells complimented the club’s starting rotation who has been a major key to their success. “They’re the best in baseball,” Wells remarked. […] The post Yankees news: Austin Wells offers bold All-Star rotation take appeared first on ClutchPoints.
Happiness Through Color': Local tie-dye business celebrates 24 years of bold color and community
POCATELLO — For Bobby and Jolene Wellard, Hometown Tie Dye started with a clearance-rack impulse buy and a pile of old, stained clothes.
Three Bold Clippers Predictions for 2026-27 NBA Season
The Los Angeles Clippers are entering a new era with a retooled roster and a front office determined to prove that the franchise can compete without relying on superstar talent alone.
Habs Daily: Bolduc Extension, Kreider Impact, Price Forgiveness
Here are the Montreal Canadiens and NHL news items you may have missed on the weekend. Montreal Canadiens News Sportsnaut […]
Hawks Fans Shouldn't Buy Jonathan Kuminga Agent's Bold Claim
Jonathan Kuminga's agent says he was the Hawks' best player, but Jalen Johnson's production makes that argument difficult to support.
Mental Health: Inspiring Stories of Perseverance and Resilience
As the prevalence of mental health issues increases and affects an ever larger number of our friends and family, it becomes essential that we create spaces for folks to talk about how they overcame or persisted despite mental health challenges. Here, we’ve tried to create a safe space for people to
Chargers Fall Flat After Jim Harbaugh’s Bold Justin Herbert Prediction
The Los Angeles Chargers appeared to be an easy pick to win in Week 1 of the 2026 NFL season. Justin Herbert and his team were taking on an Arizona Cardinals squad led by Jacoby Brissett, picked by many experts to be chasing a top pick in next year’s draft.That is why the games are […] The post Chargers Fall Flat After Jim Harbaugh’s Bold Justin Herbert Prediction appeared first on HEAVY.
Charles Barkley's Bold Lakers Prediction Is A Massive Stretch
Charles Barkley believes the new-look Los Angeles Lakers could be as good as-or better than-the 2024 Dallas Mavericks team that reached the NBA Finals. The comparison is intriguing after Los Angeles reshaped its roster around Luka Doncic and Austin Reaves. The Mavericks, however, had something the Lakers do not yet have: postseason proof. Barkley predicted […] The post Charles Barkley's Bold Lakers Prediction Is A Massive Stretch appeared first on Stadium Rant.
INTERVIEW: Mamdani shows the way for EU socialists, Athens mayor says
'This is the new model we should follow in Europe: to be bold and to confront the problems head-on,' he told Euractiv
3 bold predictions for the New York Jets 2026 defense
After a disastrous season where they ranked near the bottom in every category, the New York Jets defense has potential to be special in 2026.
Why Do Zebras Have Stripes? The Real Reason Will Surprise You - Futura-Sciences
The Enigma of the Stripes All three zebra species wear their bold stripes with pride—black and white coats that set them apart from Africa’s other large herbivores, like the solid-colored buffalo and antelope. In the open savannah, this flashy design might seem like an evolutionary misstep, making zebras a glaringly...
Packers Given Bold Justin Jefferson Prediction Before Vikings Game
The Green Bay Packers have been given a bold prediction centered around star wideout Justin Jefferson ahead of Week 1.
5 bold predictions for the Steelers 2026 season
We dig into the new-look Pittsburgh Steelers and make five bold predictions for this team for the 2026 season.
Analyst's bold prediction pessimistic about strength of Jaguars' defense
One analyst is predicting a productive day for a Browns' running back against the Jaguars' defense.
Is A Vikings Playoff Berth A ‘Bold’ Prediction?
We have to start stepping up the hot takes before Sunday.
Three Bold Predictions: Michigan State vs. Eastern Michigan
Expect sophomore quarterback Alessio Milivojevic to unleash a vertical assault against a stout Eagles run defense while a hungry Rodney Bullard looks to erase early season mistakes.
Canal Street Chronicles: Week 1 Saints at Lions Bold Predictions
Here are some bold predictions from the CSC staff for Week 1 of the Saints 2026 regular season
Massive Bold Prediction For Orlando Magic Season
Health remains the ultimate gamble as Orlando’s core aims for statistical dominance. With a new head coach and battle-tested stars, the Magic must prove their elite potential.
Denton County resident, 9/11 survivor found faith after terrorist attacks - Cross Timbers Gazette | Southern Denton County | Flower Mound
When the planes crashed into the World Trade Center in New York City on Sept. 11, 2001, Dr. Sophia Thomas was 18 years old, six months pregnant and working on the 92nd floor of the South Tower. After 25 years, she now lives and works in Denton County, and has made the bold choice to […]
Cowboys’ Bold Week 1 Prediction Would Expose Their ‘Beatable’ Defenders
The Dallas Cowboys are hoping to get off to a fast start in Week 1 against the New York Giants.Dallas has one of the NFL‘s best offenses entering the 2026 season. The big concern, though, is whether the defense can pick up its end of the bargain and play better after finishing in the bottom […] The post Cowboys’ Bold Week 1 Prediction Would Expose Their ‘Beatable’ Defenders appeared first on HEAVY.
Things to do, Sept. 11 and beyond: FanExpo Dallas; Paella y Pasión; Do
Other events on tap include Boldly Going to Garland; Afrimma Music Fest; comedian Craig Robinson
Bold NFL rushing total predictions for Week 1
Bold rushing predictions for Week 1 of the NFL season.
Five bold predictions for Bills 2026 season
Joe Brady's era is on, and here are my five bold predictions for the Bills' 2026 season
Michael Kay Drops Bold Anthony Volpe Prediction for Yankees
New York Yankees broadcaster Michael Kay has delivered a bold Anthony Volpe prediction.
Packers TE Tucker Kraft Makes Bold Request With Contract 'Standoff'
As Green Bay nears its season opener, a $20 million demand from the rising tight end threatens to reset the market and force a high-stakes financial crossroads.
Nike Reveals Pistons Dramatic New Alternate Uniform
The Detroit Pistons have revealed their new Nike Specter Edition uniform, featuring a black base, teal trim and bold heritage-inspired graphics.
Bold predictions for Thursday Night Football in NFL Week 1
Bold predictions for the Rams vs 49ers in Australia.
OMAHA STEAKS UNVEILS BUSINESS TRANSFORMATION AND NEW "NO BULL" BRAND PLATFORM, DOUBLING DOWN ON VALUE AND TRANSPARENCY
109-year-old company doubles down on premium proteins and 100% U.S.-sourced beef, accelerates delivery and expands retail while introducing a bold new "No...
Writer makes bold prediction regarding Vikings QB Kyler Murray
Kyler Murray could be a top-12 quarterback in a key metric this season.
Phoenix Suns Bold Prediction Could Save 2026-27 Season
Jordan Ott faces a critical rotation gamble as analysts urge a backcourt shakeup, swapping Jalen Green’s explosive scoring for Collin Gillespie’s steady playmaking to maximize Devin Booker.
The foldable iPhone Duo is Apple's boldest smartphone experiment yet
Apple has stuck to the long, rectangular iPhone shape since 2007. The new iPhone Duo foldable shows Apple is still willing to experiment.
Prime Video introduces new lip-sync technology on ‘Maxton Hall’
Visual dubbing using AI and VFX technologies enhances the viewing experience for global customers.
Alim McNeill Lands Bold Pro Bowl Prediction From The Athletic
The Athletic predicts Alim McNeill makes his first Pro Bowl for the Lions in 2026. #Lions
Google Cloud Boss Makes Bold Claim About AI Chip Business
In a boost for Google stock, cloud computing chief Thomas Kurian says AI chip business is more than twice the size of its closest rival.
Aaron Rodgers praises Karl Ravech for ‘phenomenal’ ESPN tenure
Aaron Rodgers loves to hate on ESPN, and the Worldwide Leader may have given him a little more ammunition by parting ways with Karl Ravech. Rodgers was recently interviewed by Adam Schein on his SiriusXM Mad Dog Sports Radio show. At the end of the segment, Schein boldly gave Rodgers the open forum to share…
Writer makes bold prediction regarding a Browns rookie
Taylen Green could become an important piece for the Browns in 2026.
Harrison Smith Returns — And the Cap Gets Complicated
Harrison Smith's $12.25M return, cap concerns, bold predictions, and an NFL Rivalry Weekend pitch.
CBS makes bold prediction for Broncos WR Jaylen Waddle
Jaylen Waddle will put up near record numbers in Year 1 with the Denver Broncos, according to this CBS prediction.
McInnes vision becoming clear amid step in right direction
The past week or so has been faultless results-wise for Derek McInnes. It's a shame for Lawrence Shankland to facing a spell out injured after beginning to find form with three goals in two games. The transfer window overall was okay, but we can't be making bold statements on the back of three wins against teams Rangers should be beating.
ESPN analyst makes bold prediction about Titans' free agent signee
ESPN analyst predicts Tennessee Titans cornerback Alontae Taylor will struggle despite his lucrative new contract.
Beat reporter makes very bold prediction for Panthers' 2026 season
The Athletic's bold prediction for the 2026 Panthers has the team's defense making a massive leap.
NFL Expert Makes Bold Prediction for Rams TE Terrance Ferguson
The Los Angeles Rams could have another offensive weapon ready to emerge in 2026, and Terrance Ferguson has received a bold prediction ahead of his second NFL season. The young tight end is being projected to catch eight touchdown passes as the Rams look for another reliable option in their high-powered passing attack. Ferguson showed […] The post NFL Expert Makes Bold Prediction for Rams TE Terrance Ferguson appeared first on Gridiron Heroics.
Buffalo Bills WR Predicted to Have Career Year in 2026
The Buffalo Bills could see one of their young offensive weapons take a major step forward in 2026, with a bold prediction pointing toward a career year for Keon Coleman. The second-year wide receiver enters the season with an opportunity to establish himself as a more consistent and productive target in Buffalo’s passing attack. Coleman […] The post Buffalo Bills WR Predicted to Have Career Year in 2026 appeared first on Gridiron Heroics.
Minnesota Vikings Bold Prediction Reveals Biggest Strength, Concern for 2026
Brian Flores’ elite linebacker corps anchors a rising defense, yet Kyler Murray’s durability and field vision remain the primary obstacles to Minnesota claiming NFC North dominance.
Bengals’ Al Golden Makes Bold Claim About Rookie Cashius Howell
The defensive coordinator is already labeling the rookie speed rusher a home run after he stunned veterans in camp, signaling a potential shift in Cincinnati’s defensive hierarchy.
Chargers’ Ladd McConkey Gets Bold Prediction Before Season Opener
Los Angeles Chargers wide receiver Ladd McConkey gets a major prediction ahead of the 2026 season under Mike McDaniel The post Chargers’ Ladd McConkey Gets Bold Prediction Before Season Opener appeared first on HEAVY.
Dave Portnoy names his 2 most overrated NFL players
Portnoy's choices are a mix of bold & stupid.
Joe Alt Gets Bold Prediction That Could Define Chargers Season
We are less than a week away from the Los Angeles Chargers kicking off the 2026 season against the Arizona Cardinals.The Chargers are entering the year with high expectations. They have one of the most well-rounded rosters in the NFL, and a stellar coaching staff. Perhaps the biggest thing Los Angeles needs to go its […] The post Joe Alt Gets Bold Prediction That Could Define Chargers Season appeared first on HEAVY.
Vote by Vernon Health Board to remain independent marks shift in healthcare landscape for Viroqua, Vernon County
Sept. 5, 2026 VIROQUA, Wis. – The recent decision by the Vernon Health Board of Directors to not pursue an affiliation with Emplify Health was either a bold move to protect local independence for a small rural organization or a choice that sets up difficult challenges that could result in direct competition from an outside […]
Tobias Harris Draws Bold Prediction; Tough Spurs Decisions Coming?
Bleacher Report named Tobias Harris the Spurs’ best offseason addition and predicted he would rank top-five on the team in clutch minutes in 2026-27.
NFL Writer Has Quite A Bold Prediction For Jaylen Waddle
The Denver Broncos acquired Jaylen Waddle in a trade this offseason, and one NFL writer thinks he could have a career-best season.
Bold Predicition for Orlando Magic 'X-Factor' Next Season
Anthony Black’s breakout season has sparked intense extension debates as Orlando balances a looming salary cap crunch against the rising guard’s demand for a lucrative long-term future.
5 Bold Predictions for the New England Patriots’ 2026 Season
The New England Patriots enter the 2026 regular season with heightened expectations and the firepower to reach them. Here are five bold predictions for the Foxboro faithful this fall.
How Victoria’s Secret Is Reviving Its Pink Brand
After Pink’s sales slipped in recent years, Victoria Secret’s new chief executive is focused on making women feel bold and flirty.
New York Yankees’ Jasson Domínguez Drops Bold Anthony Volpe Quote
New York Yankees outfielder dropped a bold quote regarding shortstop Anthony Volpe, who is currently in Triple-A. The post New York Yankees’ Jasson Domínguez Drops Bold Anthony Volpe Quote appeared first on HEAVY.
Bills' Dalton Kincaid Given Bold 2026 Fantasy Football Prediction
Buffalo Bills tight end Dalton Kincaid has been given a bold prediction for fantasy football this season.
Ravens' Lamar Jackson Makes Bold Claim on 2026 Offense
Baltimore Ravens quarterback Lamar Jackson made a bold claim about the offense in 2026.
Maxx Crosby trade deadline chatter already starting
B/R includes pass rusher in “bold trade predictions” before season even starts
We Need a Cure for AI Health Hype
AI evangelists’ bold predictions about the technology’s ability to cure all diseases are overblown and oversimplified, writes Arianna Huffington.
Rich Eisen Makes Bold Prediction For the Chargers 2026 Campaign
Rich Eisen made his prediction for the AFC West in 2026 and had a bold take when discussing how the Chargers will perform in 2026.
4 bold predictions for the Chargers' defense in 2026
From defensive takeaways to star-studded performances, these four bold predictions showcase how we expect the Chargers' defense to perform in 2026.
Patriots S Kevin Byard makes multiple bold Christian Gonzalez claims
Patriots All-Pro safety Kevin Byard claims Christian Gonzalez is the best corner he has ever played with.
Chargers Predicted to Make Bold Trade Ahead of 2026 Season
The Los Angeles Chargers could still have some roster moves left to make before we reach the regular season.Roughly a week removed from cutdown day, teams are still fine-tuning their squads. Decisions are being made not just for what’s best right now, but also down the line. The Chargers have assembled their practice squad, and […] The post Chargers Predicted to Make Bold Trade Ahead of 2026 Season appeared first on HEAVY.
Browns Given Bold Prediction Heading Into NFL Season
The Cleveland Browns have one area of the team that should give them hope entering the NFL season.
Packers TE Tucker Kraft Predicted to Have Major 2026 Season
The Green Bay Packers could be preparing for another breakout campaign from Tucker Kraft, with a bold projection placing the young tight end among the NFL’s most productive pass catchers in 2026. After emerging as a major part of Green Bay’s offense, Kraft enters the new season with expectations that extend well beyond his position. […] The post Packers TE Tucker Kraft Predicted to Have Major 2026 Season appeared first on Gridiron Heroics.
Cowboys News Sparks ‘Bold’ Maxx Crosby Trade Prediction
The Dallas Cowboys made news with contract moves on Thursday. On Friday, new predictions about a Maxx Crosby trade made the rounds. The post Cowboys News Sparks ‘Bold’ Maxx Crosby Trade Prediction appeared first on HEAVY.
Lumberjack Marching Band invited to London parade
Founded in 1926, the Lumberjack Marching Band is hitting a milestone: their centennial year. This year in particular will be one of their biggest yet, as the “boldest sound from
Auburn vs. Baylor: 5 Bold Predictions for Alex Golesh's Debut
Auburn football begins the Alex Golesh era against Baylor in Atlanta. Auburn Daily staff make bold predictions for Week 1, including a huge rushing performance, three forced turnovers, three Jared Smith sacks and a potential blowout win for the Tigers.
CBS Sports has bold prediction for Bears' offensive stars
CBS Sports had quite the bold prediction for the Chicago Bears' offense, which would set a new standard for the NFL.
Bold Rams Prediction Will Fire Up Los Angeles Fans
The Los Angeles Rams have been handed one of the boldest predictions heading into the 2026 NFL season, and it should give their fans plenty of reason for excitement. The forecast calls for the team to finish the year with both the league’s No. 1 scoring offense and No. 1 scoring defense, a feat accomplished […] The post Bold Rams Prediction Will Fire Up Los Angeles Fans appeared first on Gridiron Heroics.
ESPN Makes ‘Bold Prediction’ on Bucs’ 2nd-Year Defender
ESPN's Dan Graziano made a bold prediction on 1 Tampa Bay Buccaneers edge rusher and 2025 draft pick. The post ESPN Makes ‘Bold Prediction’ on Bucs’ 2nd-Year Defender appeared first on HEAVY.
September in the Neighborhood: Star Trek science, shop local artisans, picnic at Peirce Mill
To boldly go... Sept. 8 is the 60th anniversary of the day the first episode of Star Trek aired. Sept. 9 is the day our Broad Branch Road neighbor, the Carnegie Earth and Planets Laboratory, is inviting us over for a Star Trek-themed lecture on the worlds among the stars, and how the science of