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Planning TB prevention: Considerations for an evolving toolkit
Explore our TB prevention toolkit: today’s tools, the pipeline of new options, and the open questions ahead.
Trump’s attacks on California elections endanger democracy, repeating a pattern
Republicans questioned elections before reforms made redistricting nonpartisan. Now they accuse California of letting noncitizens vote.
“There is life after death.” Why science has no theory that can prove it
Science has studied people who came remarkably close to death, but the hardest question still remains beyond direct measurement. That gap is exactly where the debate becomes most interesting.
A note to readers: Science, accountability and elections
Dear readers, As early voting begins, I wanted to share some news — and why it connects to the decisions we make at the ballot box. I’ve been selected for the inaugural cohort of the South Atlantic Climate Journalism Hub mentorship program, hosted by Covering Climate Now. I’m excited to join this group, learn from scientists and fellow journalists, and expand my science reporting. Science directly ties to governance. Local officials make decisions about where development goes, how infrastructure is maintained, what emergency preparations receive funding, and how communities rebuild after disasters. Understanding the evidence behind those decisions helps us evaluate whether our government is serving us well. Here in western North Carolina, those connections are all around us, in Lake Lure and beyond. Flood maps inform decisions about property and development. Engineering assessments help identify risks at dams and bridges. Rainfall forecasts guide emergency preparations. Geological information helps explain landslide hazards. Water testing gives communities information they need to assess conditions. Meteorologists’ knowledge and public perception of weather events shape public safety. Each involves scientific or technical knowledge. Each also raises questions about public responsibility: What did officials know? How did they use that information? What did they tell the public? What did taxpayers receive for their money? A study can identify a problem. Elected officials still have to decide what to do about it, how to pay for it, and how to explain their choices. Reporting should examine both the evidence and the response. That is where I want to strengthen my work. My reporting on Helene recovery, infrastructure, flooding, public safety, and public spending has repeatedly brought me to questions that require scientific expertise alongside public records. This mentorship may help me better understand the research, ask more precise questions, and explain the answers clearly. I also bring the perspective of someone living with these concerns. I live downstream of Lake Lure Dam, and landslides affected my property during Helene. Those experiences bring urgency to my questions. Careful reporting helps establish the answers. Readers deserve to know what the evidence shows, where uncertainty remains, and whether officials accurately describe the information guiding their decisions. You also deserve scrutiny of proposed solutions: what they cost, what they are expected to accomplish, and what risks remain. Access to that information matters. As a mostly deaf journalist who relies on written communication, I will continue pressing for written public warnings, records, and explanations that people can read and use in real time. As you consider the candidates seeking your vote, consider how they approach evidence, preparedness, and transparency. Do they support local journalism, even when it’s not parroting a press release? Do they explain weather events clearly in plain English and explain their decisions after them? Make supporting records available? Acknowledge uncertainty? Follow through when a report identifies a risk? Those are practical questions about governing. Thank you for supporting Cops & Congress and the work that makes these questions part of the public conversation. I’m grateful to David Dickson and the CC Now team for this opportunity, and I look forward to bringing what I learn back to you. Annie DanceEditor & Publisher, Cops & Congress — Learn more about this newsletter, ethics policy, how you can help shape this work, and support it. Follow on X and Facebook. Send constructive criticism, fan mail, and tips with public documents for future stories: CopsandCongress@gmail.com ICYMI: View the Cops & Congress archive — Annie Dance is the publisher of Cops & Congress, a newsletter that analyzes what happens when crime, courts, disaster, democracy, and small-town policies collide. Views expressed here are covered by the First Amendment. Dance has a Bachelor of Arts from Manhattan University in Communication with a focus in Journalism and Government. She has been a journalist for over 20 years. Share Upgrade now or give a gift subscription
Can Browns take care of business on road? 3 questions from Ravens win
The Browns go on the road to Tennessee to face a bad Titans team trying to carry momentum forward from Ravens win. Here are 3 big questions though.
Does your vote matter in Ohio? Political experts weigh in ahead of the midterms
Election Day is near, and while many are already early voting, some eligible voters may feel disengaged from politics or concerned about the state of our democracy. We'll talk to experts about your election questions and why your vote matters.
Aaron Boone Gets Terrible Update For Long-Term Yankees Future
The New York Yankees upset many fans by bringing back Aaron Boone as manager for next season. Most fans were already aware, but an official report confirmed today Boone will continue his MLB managing career in New York. Another disappointing early playoff exit for the Yankees has fans questioning if the team has any chance […] The post Aaron Boone Gets Terrible Update For Long-Term Yankees Future appeared first on HEAVY.
Utah Jazz Are Asking the Wrong Question About Ace Bailey
Forget the ceremonial opening tip. Utah must decide if their versatile rookie thrives in high-pressure closing lineups where meaningful possessions define growth and dictate the game’s outcome.
In tight WA House race, sparks fly over safety at challenger’s business
Questions about safety at Braun Northwest have become a flashpoint in a Southwest Washington district grappling with a deadly tank collapse at a Longview mill.
In tight WA House race, sparks fly over safety at challenger’s business
Questions about safety at Braun Northwest have become a flashpoint in a Southwest Washington district grappling with a deadly tank collapse at a Longview mill.
Jalen Hurts’ Health Scare Puts NFL’s Relentless Expectations Into Perspective
Six days ago, the conversation surrounding Jalen Hurts was about football. His $255 million contract, Philadelphia's offensive struggles, and whether he was playing well enough to justify the enormous expectations that come with being a franchise quarterback. Those were fair questions. They still are, at least from a football standpoint. But Monday's news that Hurts …
Jalen Hurts’ Health Scare Puts NFL’s Relentless Expectations Into Perspective
Six days ago, the conversation surrounding Jalen Hurts was about football. His $255 million contract, Philadelphia's offensive struggles, and whether he was playing well enough to justify the enormous expectations that come with being a franchise quarterback. Those were fair questions. They still are, at least from a football standpoint. But Monday's news that Hurts …
Spurs Roster: Carter Bryant Makes Strong Case for Bigger Role
Carter Bryant is making a case to be a normal rotational player on the Spurs roster. Against the Suns on October 14th, he had 16 points and hit four threes. With improved shooting and improved defense, his case for a lot more playing time is strong. The question becomes whether or not he can stay […] The post Spurs Roster: Carter Bryant Makes Strong Case for Bigger Role appeared first on HEAVY.
Nick Sirianni defends Eagles’ medical staff amid questions about Jalen Hurts’ health
Sirianni defended the Eagles’ medical staff but did not explain why Hurts was cleared to play in London after a blood clot diagnosis.
Detroit Lions Could Have Stunning Opportunity to Land Sauce Gardner
Could the Detroit Lions trade for Sauce Gardner? The Colts' decision to fire Chris Ballard raises intriguing questions before the November 10 deadline.
Israel prepares for a high-stakes election
Israel holds an election on October 27th, electing members of the Knesset, their parliament. And this election will decide the future of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.It is the first vote since Hamas-led attacks of October 7th, 2023 and the Gaza war. And a major question shaping the elections is whether the prime minister should be held responsible for the Hamas attacks. We go to Israel, to hear how Israelis are thinking about this election.Support public media with NPR+ and enjoy perks for over 25 podcasts like this one. This show’s perks include sponsor-free listening. Learn more at plus.npr.org.
Was Miami’s Win Over Florida State RIGGED?
Miami escaped Florida State with a controversial double-overtime victory, but questionable officiating has fans accusing the ACC of protecting its top team. Did Florida State just get absolutely ROBBED against Miami? The Hurricanes escaped Saturday night’s rivalry matchup with a 43-35 double-overtime victory, keeping their undefeated season alive. However, the biggest storyline wasn’t Miami’s performance.…
Scientists Create “Super Ice” That’s 10 Times Stronger and Rivals Concrete in Strength
A new form of reinforced ice could offer an unconventional building material for extreme polar environments, although questions about its long-term durability remain. Scientists have developed a new form of ice that approaches the compressive strength of conventional concrete while resisting the sudden fractures that make ordinary ice so brittle. Known as BioPykrete, the material
Americans With Disabilities Worry About Proposed Changes to Major National Health Survey
Questions that have been proposed for removal deal with memory, fatigue, arthritis, difficulty walking and climbing stairs, as well as others about the use of hearing aids, canes, wheelchairs and scooters.
The Crucial Questions Facing Business Services
Sector insiders offer their take on four big challenges.
Jon Stewart's 'Daily Show' future has been decided through 2028 election
One looming question late night question has been officially answered: Jon Stewart is staying at "The Daily Show," at least through 2028.
The Business Behind Matcha
Matcha is a ground green tea powder with roots in ancient Japanese culture, dating back centuries. Only recently has the drink reached a wider global audience, appearing on cafe menus worldwide. Its growing popularity raises a question: How does a product that has been around for so long suddenly become a global trend? During the […]
VOTE: What is your biggest fall health question?
News4 NBC Reno covers news, sports, weather and traffic for the Reno, Nevada area including Sparks, Carson City, Virginia City, Silver City, Stagecoach, Silver Springs, Sun Valley, Cold Springs, Spanish Springs and Fenley, Nevada and Truckee and Tahoe City, California.
Four questions with ThinkTennessee President Erin Hafkenschiel
Over the next several weeks, Tennesseans will head the polls to elect the state’s next governor. Meanwhile, Tennessee continues to face exponential growth and development — an issue the state’s
Are babies conscious in the womb before birth? Here’s what science can and can’t prove
The fetal brain is doing far more before birth than scientists once understood. The difficult question is where complex brain activity ends and conscious experience begins.
Small business sit-down: How to get yours off the ground
Small businesses help drive the local economy, but getting one off the ground, or taking it to the next level, brings big questions about funding, cash flow, and planning for growth.
What the Bible’s Most Political Book Can Teach Us
Esther asks tough questions, offers no easy answers, and remains more vital than ever as Americans go to the polls.
Scientists reconstruct face of man who lived in Ecuador 3,000 years ago
Skulls discovered in Ecuador's Andes fueled theories about the origins of ancient Americans; a new facial reconstruction supports an Indigenous ancestry, but researchers say DNA testing is needed to settle the question
Jim Harbaugh to 'address everything' after latest loss drops Chargers to 0-6, leading to more Mike McDaniel questions
What smart people are saying about Anthropic's 5% pledge
Anthropic's announcement generated enthusiasm, skepticism, and lots of questions.
All That Matters 2026 put music discovery & entertainment’s big questions on the same stage
From the impact of AI on music-making to the ways fans connect across music, sport, and gaming, All That Matters 2026 brought the business of enter...
OBIC Business Consultants (TSE:4733) Stock Could Be 23% Overvalued On Cash Flow
OBIC Business Consultants has delivered a strong share price run in recent years, which naturally raises a question about what investors are paying for its underlying cash flows today. With a Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) estimate available, the focus shifts to how its current price lines up with the cash the business is expected to generate over time. Over the past 5 years the stock has returned 78.1%. Anyone looking at OBIC Business Consultants now is effectively asking whether that kind of...
Early voting expands Monday in Chicago, suburban Cook County and across the suburbs
Photo identification is not required but it can be helpful if there is a question about voter registration, address or signature.
Fair Value Cut Raises Fresh Questions For Flutter Entertainment Stock (FLUT)
Flutter Entertainment has recently seen analyst fair value estimates marked lower following repeated guidance resets and ongoing regulatory pressures across key betting markets. The split between confidence in FanDuel’s customer momentum and concern over heavier promotions and regulation highlights growing uncertainty around Flutter Entertainment’s near term profitability profile. We will now look at how this more cautious tone on regulation and costs could reshape Flutter Entertainment’s...
Science entertainer 'Kate the Chemist' answers 7 Questions with Emmy
It’s time for another edition of 7 Questions with Emmy and today I’m chatting with Kate Biberdorf, also known as “Kate the Chemist.” Kate is a chemist, science entertainer, and professor at the University of Notre Dame. Known for demonstrations using fire, ice, and explosions, she makes science exciting for all ages. Dr. Biberdorf is […]
Scientists Discover Weird Conditions at Site of Star That Exploded During the Period of Japanese Samurai
Astronomers observed a star that had survived its own explosion some 845 years ago. New observations raise even more questions.
Vance faces tough questions on Iran war, immigration and more in CBS town hall
The string of sharp queries, some from voters who said they had supported him and President Donald Trump, previewed the rocky path Vance may face trying to answer for the administration’s record if he runs for president himself in 2028.
David Crowley says Black infant health is a priority; no response from Tom Tiffany
David Crowley, the Democratic candidate for governor, responded to a questionnaire from the Cap Times about Wisconsin’s ongoing Black infant mortality crisis. Tom Tiffany, the Republican nominee, d…
Microsoft is actively rebuilding Windows 11 Search. What does it mean? Our deep‑dive answers every major question.
Microsoft's new Windows 11 Search promises faster results, better query matching, and useful actions without requiring a Copilot+ PC.
Jalen Williams' health, Chet Holmgren's resilience among top storylines for OKC Thunder
The OKC Thunder faces a new season with roster changes and questions about their path back to the NBA title. Here are five key storylines.
Question 3 on November ballot is about RI’s future jobs
Rhode Island relies on too few industries. The CEO of the R.I. Life Science Hub explains why investing in life sciences is key to future growth.
Why someone paid $2.8 million for a bottle of Macallan whiskey
A staggering sum paid for a bottle of whiskey this month begs the question: what goes into the price of such high-flying booze?
Will Tennessee Titans' Tyjae Spears play in Week 6?
Tennessee Titans running back Tyjae Spears is questionable for Sunday's game against the Indianapolis Colts with a knee injury.
Guardant Health (GH) Stock Looks Below Fair Value On A Huge Run
Guardant Health has turned into a dramatic long term story for shareholders, yet the real question now is whether the current US$158.60 price can be supported by the cash flows its business is expected to produce. With the stock sharply higher over several years and new clinical and regulatory developments landing, the focus has shifted to what the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) view of its intrinsic value suggests about that price. Over the past 3 years the share price has risen by very large...
Is International Business Machines (IBM) A Bargain Or Fully Priced?
International Business Machines has delivered a strong multi year share price run. With the stock recently at US$232.14 and cash flows in focus, the live question is whether that price still lines up with what the business can earn and return over time. Over the past 5 years the share price has gained 130.1%, which puts a lot of weight on the idea that IBM’s future cash flows can justify a much higher valuation than in the past. Fresh commitments in areas such as quantum computing and...
Facing Realities: Christian Nationalism, From Local Messages to Political Action - by Jessica Mitchell
Part 3.d -- Faith can guide someone’s vote, their decision to run for office, or their objections to a school board’s action. The question becomes more
Ohio State shatters Indiana’s 22-game winning streak, but questions linger about Julian Sayin's health
Ohio State's Jeremiah Smith scored the game-winning touchdown after admitting he ran the wrong route, ending Indiana's 22-game winning streak.
Jad Abumrad loves a butterfly knife and a good springy pillow
The Radiolab creator and host of Dolly Parton’s America answers The Verge’s weekend questionnaire.
Appeals court blocks part of Arizona prison healthcare order
The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, in the unsigned order, said that the state is raising "serious questions" about the ability of a federal judge to take over health care in a prison system.
Customers Kept Asking Vivian Tu for Help. She Turned Their Questions Into a Business
Vivian Tu turned recurring questions from her audience into Ask Dolly, showing how founders can turn customers’ unmet needs into a business.
AI midwife seeks to fill gaps in Zimbabwe's maternal health care
With public health services stretched thin, women in Zimbabwe sometimes struggle to access reliable information about pregnancy and childbirth. A locally developed app aims to answer their questions…
Is OPKO Health (OPK) Pricing In Too Much For Sales?
OPKO Health has seen sharp swings over the past few years, and the stock now sits at US$1.53 with investors reassessing what its current sales actually support. With such a mixed share price history and a changing business mix, the question is how much of the story around its revenue base is already priced in. Over the past 5 years the share price has fallen 58.5%, which puts the focus firmly on whether the current market value still lines up with what OPKO Health generates from its...
Healthcare forum provides answers to North Country residents
Retired Dr. Christopher Hoy shared answers to community questions about healthcare based on his 35 years of experience in medicine.
Five Quick Questions: Trump and Ukraine
Ukraine-US expert Olena Lennon provides a quick-fire take on the Trump’s relationship with Ukraine
Trump faults aides as Republican midterm prospects dim
By Nandita Bose, Bo Erickson and Steve Holland WASHINGTON, Oct 17 (Reuters) - President Donald Trump is blaming senior aides and political operatives for a faltering midterm strategy, questioning
New Survey Reveals What Pet Parents Do for Their Dogs' Health
How much would you do for your dog? A recent Tractor Supply Co. survey sought to answer this question. They surveyed 2,035 dog parents and 50 veterinary professionals in the United States, and discove...
Aaron Judge Says Yankees Need Polarizing Teammate To Win
The New York Yankees are looking for answers after another failed season saw them eliminated without a World Series trophy. A new record of at least 17 years in between MLB World Series victories has fans questioning the team’s future. Aaron Judge remains the most important player and the captain of the team. The injury […] The post Aaron Judge Says Yankees Need Polarizing Teammate To Win appeared first on HEAVY.
Carson Schwesinger questionable for Week 6
Cleveland Browns LB Carson Schwesinger officially questionable to face Baltimore
Raiders Could Capitalize On A Couple Of Buffalo Issues
The Las Vegas Raiders could capitalize on the inexperience of Bills coach Joe Brady, who made a questionable call.
Traverse City Central's New 'Ride Lab' Uses Skateboards to Teach Physics, Business Skills
What if the most effective physics classroom isn’t a classroom at all, but a skate park? This fall, Traverse City Central High School is experimenting with that very question. Brett Derr is one the teachers behind the Ride Lab, a brand-new double-block course at Central that combines physics, business, marketing, and advertising. In the past, …
Appeals Court Questions Justice Dept. Claim that Trump Owns White House Records
A three-judge panel appeared unconvinced by claims that a federal law requiring the president to preserve and hand over his presidential papers was unconstitutional.
A Former Rome Reporter on the Pope’s Health and Legacy
For a former Rome bureau chief, Pope Leo’s lung cancer diagnosis prompted pressing questions about life and legacy.
California falls short on Medi-Cal fraud, state report says - The Business Journal California auditor flags Medi-Cal fraud oversight concerns
California's state auditor raises concerns about Medi-Cal fraud oversight, citing millions in questionable claims and thousands of high-risk providers not under investigation.
Bucs’ Josiah Trotter questionable for Steelers game with knee injury
Bucs rookie linebacker Josiah Trotter was limited in practice Friday with a knee injury and is listed as questionable for Sunday’s game against the Steelers. Trotter ranks first on the club in tackles (41) and passer rating allowed (66.
AI chatbots could make healthcare more accessible, but some doctors are still wary
AI chatbots are everywhere these days, helping to write emails or draft resumes and answer users’ burning questions about everything from their love life to medical advice.
What Makes Your Cannabis Business Buyable Right Now?
It’s a fraught question for many operators: How attractive is my business to potential buyers in the current market? M&A experts offer 5 characteristics buyers are seeking for entrepreneurs considering or curious about their businesses’ potential in an exit. Plus, 5 ways to make your business more attractive to buyers.
Gov. Hochul calls inquiry into Rich Schaffer and Suffolk Dems 'political hit job'
At three Suffolk Democrats were questioned by the FBI.
Judicial retention | Judges on the ballot in 2026
This November, voters statewide will decide whether to retain 123 judges for terms ranging from four to 10 years. Unlike other races on the ballot where multiple candidates are seeking a single position, judicial retention requires voters to select either “yes” or “no.” Here are answers to some common questions about retention elections. Q: How […]
Katie Zacharia, Trump’s New Press Secretary, Is Ousted After 5 Days
Ms. Zacharia was shadowed by questions about how she had presented her legal career and handled her first press briefing.
Sell Rating Could Be A Turning Point For Sphere Entertainment Stock (SPHR)
Argus recently cut its view on Sphere Entertainment to a SELL rating, citing weaker scores on management quality, growth potential, and valuation, while assigning only medium marks to financial strength and the industry backdrop. The downgrade highlights a key tension in Sphere Entertainment’s story: an experience-heavy, capital-intensive model that faces questions about execution discipline and long-run profitability. This raises the question of how Sphere Entertainment's investment...
R.I. Health and Human Services head to replace Roger Williams, Fatima hospitals CEO
Revolving door? Richard Charest’s jump from government to industry raises ethics questions.
Garlin Gilchrist: Media Q&A at Detroit business luncheon
Michigan Democratic Secretary of State candidate Garlin Gilchrist joined the Chaldean American Chamber of Commerce Annual Business Luncheon on Friday, Oct. 16, and took questions from the media before the event.
Mike Rogers: Media Q&A at Detroit business luncheon
Michigan Republican Senate candidate Mike Rogers joined the Chaldean American Chamber of Commerce Annual Business Luncheon on Friday, Oct. 16, and took questions from the media before the event.
A Time For Science to host STEM Expo
GREENVILLE, N.C. (WNCT) — A local science museum will host a STEM Expo this month. A Time For Science invites the community to interact, ask questions, and dive into the world of STEM with ed…
AtScale Finds Semantic Layer Boosts AI Accuracy on Enterprise Data by Up to 2.4x
A more powerful AI model isn’t necessarily the answer to unreliable business analytics. New research from AtScale found that leading AI models answered fewer than 40% of business questions correctly when querying databases directly. But when AtScale added its semantic layer, accuracy improved by 1.7x to 2.4x across all seven models tested. In one test, […]
NFL fans question Donald Trump’s choice of Week 6 game
Ale_Mi/Depositphotos Donald Trump cancels NFL game visit President Donald Trump was reportedly planning to attend the Pittsburgh Steelers game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on October 18, 2026. CNN correspondent Kristen Holmes first reported the expected visit on October 13. The game was scheduled for a Sunday afternoon kickoff at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa,…
Registration is open for high school winter sports
Registration is now officially open for high school winter sports for the City School District of Albany! Any student in grades 9-12 who is interested in trying out for boys' basketball, girls' basketball, bowling, cheerleading, boys' indoor track, girls' indoor track, spirit team, boys' swimming and diving, boys' wrestling and girls' wrestling is invited to register via Final Forms. Important: please note that registration for winter sports ends on Friday, Nov. 13. Practices and tryouts for winter sports begin on Monday, Nov. 16. FINAL FORMS Each season, the following must be done prior to the first day of tryouts and practices: A parent or guardian must initiate the registration process for their student-athlete in Final Forms, filling out the required forms such as Interval Sports Health History and the Athletic Consent Form. The student-athlete must sign and complete their required forms. A reminder that all students who would like to play an interscholastic sport need to have a current physical conducted within a year on file. PHYSICALS A physical conducted within the last 12 months is mandatory for any student interested in trying out for an athletic team and must be uploaded into the Final Forms platform. Families are encouraged to get a completed physical from their child's physician. If you are unable to get a physical from your child's physician, you can schedule a free physical with Whitney Young's school-based health center by calling (518) 573-2556. Additionally, the district physician will also be available to facilitate sports physicals at Albany High in room 4253 on the following dates: Thursday, Nov. 12 from 10:30 a.m.-2:30 p.m. Friday, Nov. 13 from 10:30 a.m.-2:30 p.m. Sports physicals on Nov. 12 and 13 are free and no appointment is necessary. ACADEMIC ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS Please note that students must have a good attendance record and be in good standing academically to be eligible to participate in an athletic team. Eligibility is determined based on quarterly grades, and interim progress reports will serve as an important academic checkpoint for all student‑athletes. For additional details about academic eligibility, please see our Athletic Code of Conduct. For our winter teams, academic eligibility to start the season will be based on final first-quarter grades. The first marking period ends Nov. 13. Albany High offers free tutoring facilitated by Albany High teachers Monday-Thursday from 3:30-5 p.m. for students who need extra help with their academics. See this flyer for additional details. IMPORTANT DATES Seniors, please mark your calendars for Senior Media Day for winter sports, which will take place on Monday, Nov. 30. All student-athletes playing winter sports will also participate in our winter sports picture days, which will take place Tuesday, Dec. 15–Thursday, Dec. 18. Specific dates and times for each team will be shared once rosters are finalized. OPEN GYM SESSIONS Student-athletes are encouraged to check out our open gym sessions as they prepare for upcoming sports seasons. We’re looking forward to a rewarding winter sports season this year! If you have any questions, please contact the Athletic Department at (518) 475-6310. Go Falcons!
Biggest post-postseason questions for the White Sox
October was an eye-opener for the future of the team
Can AI solve our mental health access problem?
Last week I asked you what worries you most about AI in health. It was close, but your top answer was “AI giving bad health advice.” Last week’s poll results: You’re in good company. This concern was top of mind at a conference I joined at Stanford last week, where researchers, clinicians, and people who build AI systems spent a day debating trust and safety in health AI. Stepping back, I’m also hearing your emerging concerns about AI’s impact on our well-being generally. I see this as a matter of public health, and we’ll take it in pieces as we learn together. Today we’ll focus on AI chatbots used for therapy for mental health. Early this month, Governor Newsom vetoed Senate Bill 903, California’s most ambitious attempt to regulate AI use for mental health. It’s at the center of active debate, and raises the questions patients, family members, citizens, and voters will face as AI moves deeper into health care. Let’s work through it. What is “AI-based therapy”? It’s really two things: purpose-built mental health apps designed to deliver structured support, and general chatbots like ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini that people increasingly use for emotional support—even if they weren’t built for it. Spoiler alert: I don’t know whether the shift toward AI therapy is good or bad. The evidence isn’t there yet. But I do know it’s already happening, and I have some ideas about how we can roll it out with safety in mind. The therapy dilemma, in a nutshell Mental health challenges are common, and strain health and well-being across populations. Therapy (interactive dialogue with a trained, empathetic practitioner) helps many people heal. The demand for licensed therapists far exceeds the supply in California, and AI-based therapy can narrow that gap. AI-based therapy remains novel, unproven, and not well tested. Right off the bat, we can see we’re dealing with trade-offs here. Since the main driver of demand for therapy from a robot is lack of access to therapy from a human, we’ll start there. It’s too hard to find and afford a human therapist California is short roughly 55,000 licensed, non-prescribing therapists and counselors, about 40% of what we need. Psychiatrists, who rely on talk therapy as a complement to prescribed medications, are even more scarce. Eight counties have none, and density ranges from 1.7 per 100,000 residents in San Benito County, to 68.1 in Marin County. My wife is a psychiatrist in Marin, and even here access is tight. If it’s hard in the best-supplied county, imagine rural Sierra County, or the San Joaquin Valley. In 2024, more than half of Californians who tried to make a mental health appointment struggled to find a provider who took their insurance, compared with 14% for physical health care. When Senate staff posed as “secret shopper” patients and called 120 mental health providers in Medicare Advantage networks, they landed an appointment less than once for every five tries. Insurers pay behavioral health clinicians about 22% less than medical and surgical clinicians for comparable office visits. On top of that, billing denials and prior authorizations hit hardest at the solo and small practices common in mental health. Psychiatrists opt out of Medicare at the highest rate of any specialty. In many places, a cash practice for therapy fills quickly with patients paying $250 or more an hour, with no insurance paperwork at all. Families who can pay cash find providers more easily. Those who rely on insurance, including Medi-Cal enrollees, older adults, rural residents, and non-English speakers, compete for what’s left. So we can’t pretend the human system works, and we can’t blame people for turning to AI for support when they’re in distress. AI is filling the gap It’s estimated that roughly a quarter of AI users use it for mental health support. If you have internet, it’s available 24/7, it’s cheap, and it speaks your language. Uninsured adults are about twice as likely as insured adults to do it (30% vs. 14%). It feels anonymous in ways that may enable people to ask things they’re unsure or embarrassed about. The largely hidden, personal use makes it hard to study whether it’s actually helping people with their mental health issues, but researchers are trying. Does AI therapy work? A 2026 analysis of nearly 40 randomized trials found chatbots showed a real but small reduction in depression symptoms. But most of these trials were compared to an alternative of no therapy, not a human therapist. So the benefit of AI therapy is probably real, but modest, and mostly untested against the alternative of human contact. We need more studies. Serious concerns OpenAI’s own estimate is that more than a million ChatGPT users each week show signs of suicidal planning or intent. These are high stakes encounters, and AI doesn’t always get it right. That’s partly because a chatbot can sound like a therapist, but it has no license, no duty of care, and it’s not clear who to hold accountable when it gets things wrong. AI is also designed to help users in whatever task they’re seeking to accomplish. People may feel like they’re getting therapy, but they’re mainly getting a convincing conversation. It’s easy for an AI companion to wander into gray areas, like playing along with “creative writing” that may be about the user’s own suicidal intent. Courts are driving safety conversations A wave of lawsuits have been filed on behalf of families claiming that chatbots pushed people they loved toward self-harm, including teens who died by suicide. The first settlements came this year. OpenAI is headquartered in San Francisco, and dozens of cases alleging that ChatGPT drove users to suicide or self-harm are now before a San Francisco judge. Character.ai has filed for bankruptcy after several states brought lawsuits accusing the chatbot of pushing dangerous content to kids. But the technology seems to be improving. Last month, an independent evaluation found that newer AI models “almost never endorse suicide.” That’s progress, but our societal appetite for even one preventable death is very low. So how do we move forward? Finding a middle ground Earlier this month the governor vetoed Senate Bill 903, a bill designed to place guardrails on the use of AI for therapy. The bill would have prohibited any AI-based platform from being advertised as psychotherapy, and would have required a licensed professional to review and approve each encounter where AI was used to support therapeutic decisions. Newsom called it overly broad, since even routine screening questions would have needed clinician sign-off. Knowing we’re already short on mental health providers, requiring human review of AI encounters may not relieve our access problems. Still, the answer isn’t no oversight. Here’s one feasible short term solution. Rather than reviewing each encounter, a licensed clinician can design the guardrails: what counts as a crisis, what triggers an immediate handoff to a human, and what gets sampled for audit each month. The AI runs inside that structure. Conversations get checked, failures get reported, and a real clinician owns the framework. Medicine already has models to learn from. The FDA process for rolling out newly approved medications is an example. After a product reaches patients, we keep watching for adverse events. Patient-facing AI needs the same “digital pharmacovigilance”: systematic tracking of harms, near misses, and the types of groups that get hurt and why. It’s also critical that users know that they can reach a human if they’re in crisis. Most chatbots now include messages like these: Bottom line The rush to use unproven AI tools for mental health support is mostly a workaround, a sign of a health system people can’t get into. We need better access to proven care from licensed clinicians. That takes reimbursement that makes accepting insurance viable, and a bigger workforce. But, built and tested well, AI could be part of the answer. It could be the 2 a.m. check-in when no one else is awake, or a way for patients to practice skills their therapist taught them. It could be the first step to get someone the right level of care, and take paperwork off clinicians’ plates so they spend more time with patients. None of this is simple. The SB 903 veto doesn’t end the debate, and the legislature will be back. In the meantime, those of us using these tools need to stay informed, ask hard questions, and hold the companies building them accountable. I’ll try to do my part, and we’ll keep learning together. Love,Matt P.S. If you or someone you know is struggling with mental health challenges, emotional distress, substance use problems, or just needs to talk, call or text 988- you’ll reach a real person— or chat at 988lifeline.org 24/7. Dr. Matt Willis is the author of Your Local Epidemiologist in California. A California native, he’s served as a primary care physician, CDC epidemiologist, and public health officer for Marin County, where he guided the pandemic response. He lives in Marin with his family and their dogs, Teddy and Ramona. Thank you Cynthia He, MD, PhD, and Parnika Saxena, MD, for their guidance in preparing this article. Cynthia works in an outpatient mental health clinic, treating patients who have Medi-Cal or, sometimes, no insurance. Parnika works in an inpatient psychiatric unit, treating patients with public or private insurance or self-pay ability. All opinions are their own and do not represent their employers.
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Plague is stoppable. The next health threat may not be.
The word plague is scary. Centuries ago, the Black Death killed tens of millions of people and changed the course of history. Plague still kills people around the world, and the word still evokes catastrophe. New fears of plague surfaced on October 2, when a lab worker in Irkutsk, Russia, died of pneumonia. Reports suggested that she may have contracted plague through a laboratory exposure. Understandably, people were alarmed. On October 7, the World Health Organization called for the Russian Federation to be transparent about what it knew. WHO issued an update on October 10. Russian authorities told WHO that testing did not identify plague and that investigations found no laboratory release. WHO said confidence in its risk assessment remained limited and that further clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory information was needed. The cause of the woman’s illness remains unknown, and WHO says a laboratory-associated exposure cannot be excluded. As I explained in a recent interview, this incident is very unlikely to lead to a pandemic. Plague is still active, including in the U.S., which sees a handful of cases each year. But it is a disease we can prevent and treat. Plague doesn’t spread readily, and it responds to antibiotics. The standard response—isolate the patient, trace contacts, and administer antibiotics and monitor for symptoms among contacts for seven days—works. We have even planned for antibiotic-resistant plague. At CDC, we developed a playbook for antibiotic-resistant plague and ran exercises on how to find and stop it. CDC guidance anticipates engineered resistance and recommends two different classes of antibiotics if there’s reason to suspect it. There is no evidence that resistance—or even confirmed plague—is involved in this incident. We have thought through how to address plague, but we’re not ready for the next major health threat that emerges from a lab or from animal spillover to humans. What should concern people is how little stands between the world and the next pathogen to get loose. Since peak COVID, epidemic preparedness has fallen off the political agenda, but the risk is greater than ever. More labs handle dangerous pathogens with more ways to make those pathogens deadlier, and more people live and work in close contact with animals. There are actions we can take now: We need better lab safety in every country. The number of labs that work with dangerous pathogens has increased worldwide over two decades, but there’s no enforceable international standard and no inspection regime; the Biological Weapons Convention, fifty years on, still has no verification mechanism. Labs that study dangerous germs need strong safety systems, training, and oversight. We need to reduce spillover events. Three in four emerging human infections start in animals, and there’s a lot we can do to reduce spillover risk, but the world is doing very little of it. Live-animal markets are one place to act. For instance, closing live-bird markets helped control H7N9 influenza in China. Reducing opportunities for people to encounter infected animals can prevent infections before they become outbreaks. In The Formula for Better Health, which is now out in paperback along with the hardcover, Kindle, and audiobook versions, I argue that labs do too many risky experiments with too many dangerous pathogens in too many institutions, and that every experiment should first answer one basic question: Is the likely benefit greater than the risk? Spillover risk can also be reduced: In the book, I discuss how Brazil cut its deforestation rate by 70% from 2004 to 2012 while increasing agricultural production and reducing risky contact between people and forest animals. We need faster detection and response. Delay costs lives. Strong surveillance, good labs, and trained responders can turn a single case into a small cluster of infections instead of an epidemic. Resolve to Save Lives has worked for nearly a decade to help countries find and stop outbreaks faster. The 7-1-7 target, which Resolve to Save Lives developed with partners in Uganda and elsewhere, provides a clear standard: detect within 7 days, notify within 1 day and complete all essential early response actions within 7 days. In Uganda’s Kasese district, for example, a review of a measles outbreak using 7-1-7 identified shortages of accessible funds, fuel, and vehicles that delayed the response. District leaders established funds they could access quickly. When, a few months later, the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever appeared, the district detected it in three days, notified authorities in one, and mounted an effective response in two. Only one case was confirmed, and the patient survived. Because funds were available before the emergency, authorities were prepared and able to act. This kind of preparation can’t wait until the next crisis begins. Plague is an old disease we that know how to stop. The next threat may be harder to recognize, harder to treat, and easier to spread. Safer labs, less risk of spillover, and faster outbreak detection and response need sustained investment now, while we still have time to prevent the next emergency. Share
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