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Results for " reject " 885 found 🔀 AI-powered Shuffle

Astrology, homeopathy, vaccine rejectionism, creationism: Why pseudoscience thrives as science advances

Science has never known more, yet pseudoscience keeps gaining ground. Astrology, homeopathy, creationism and vaccine rejectionism all make

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Sep 30 • 8:28 AM EDT • Science • geneticliteracyproject.org
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Maine Democrat who rejects special interests previously ran PAC that courted them

Troy Jackson is challenging Republican Sen. Susan Collins in a pivotal contest that has been dominated by campaign finance issues.

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Sep 30 • 6:00 AM EDT • Politics • washingtonpost.com
For the first time, Minnesota has K-12 health standards. Here’s what to know

Minnesota’s first statewide K-12 health standards were approved Tuesday after an earlier version was rejected in July. The standards cover topics including sexual health, mental health, nutrition and media literacy.

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Sep 29 • 7:54 PM EDT • Health • mprnews.org
From Windmills To Ballrooms: Trump’s ‘National Security’ Playbook

Banning journalists from the White House, justifying a triumphal arch, rejecting restrictions on artificial intelligence technology – the positions may be far afield of each other, but they have some commonalities. In addition to being publicly unpopular and legally uncertain, President Donald ...

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Sep 29 • 4:13 PM EDT • Politics • usnews.com
Appellate court rejects new rules sought by Brooklyn Democrats

The outgoing chair, Assembly Member Rodneyse Bichotte Hermelyn, unexpectedly bowed out of the race on Monday night.

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Sep 29 • 3:30 PM EDT • Politics • ny1.com
Supreme Court allows Trump’s ‘third country’ deportation policy

This is the second time the court has rejected lower court rulings that immigrants must be able to object before being sent to countries to which they have no previous connection.

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Sep 29 • 3:08 PM EDT • Politics • nbcnews.com
High-Signal Publisher
Tiffani Thiessen said she was ‘questioning my career’ after not landing role in James Bond film

‘Saved by the Bell’ alum Tiffani Thiessen said she was one of the final three candidates in an audition process for a James Bond film and the rejection was ‘one of the hardest’ she endured.

ew.com logo
Sep 29 • 2:20 PM EDT • Entertainment • ew.com
Newsom vetoes insurance-claim bills: Is it ‘petty’ politics?

California governor rejects legislation sponsored by LA fire victims, who had spoken out against his wildfire-liability effort.

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Sep 29 • 1:29 PM EDT • Politics • laist.com
LDF Strongly Opposes Passage of the Protect College Sports Act, Urges House to Reject the Bill

On Sept. 28, the U.S. Senate passed the Protect College Sports Act (PCSA), an irresponsible piece of legislation that threatens the financial security and success student-athletes, including low-income Black student-athletes, have earned. The Legal Defense Fund previously issued a letter urging all members of Congress to reject the bill. Altogether, the PCSA lacks employment rights […]

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Sep 29 • 12:51 PM EDT • Sports • naacpldf.org
Stand Up for Science to Rally Scientists and Academic Leaders Against Trump Admin's Higher Ed Crackdown

Virtual rally follows 2025 Ed Compact anniversary; calls on university leadership to reject administration’s demands and defend academic freedom.

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Sep 29 • 9:53 AM EDT • Science • einnews.com
Stand Up for Science to Rally Scientists and Academic Leaders Against Trump Admin's Higher Ed Crackdown

Virtual rally follows 2025 Ed Compact anniversary; calls on university leadership to reject administration’s demands and defend academic freedom.

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Sep 29 • 9:53 AM EDT • Science • einpresswire.com
Pleasant View rejects changes regarding data centers and adult-themed business, passes adoption of new roads and rules regarding decorative street signs

The Town of Pleasant View Board of Mayor and Aldermen voted not to approve two zoning amendments on first reading at their Sept. 14 meeting, sending proposals on data centers and adult-oriented businesses back to the drawing board for more work and consideration. Ordinance 26-08 would have restricted data centers to areas zoned C4, which

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Sep 29 • 8:30 AM EDT • Business • mainstreetmediatn.com
Newsom vetoes insurance-claim bills: Is it ‘petty’ politics?

California governor rejects legislation sponsored by LA fire victims, who had spoken out against his wildfire-liability effort.

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Sep 29 • 8:00 AM EDT • Politics • calmatters.org
The Beclowning of Scott Bessent

One iron law of current politics is that nobody who associates themselves with Donald Trump emerges with a shred of credibility. For some, that’s not a big loss — it’s not as if anyone respected Pete Hegseth even before he decided that the key to military success in an age of drones and AI was more testosterone. For others, however, the costs are real. I’m old enough to remember when Marco Rubio was widely considered a reasonable, thoughtful politician. Right now, however, my candidate for the biggest loser is Scott Bessent, the Secretary of the Treasury. Bessent started out with significant reputation to lose: When Trump selected him, this was the headline in the Financial Times: Jason Furman, Barack Obama’s chief economist, described him as a “credible Treasury secretary who has a real understanding of the global economy”. But Bessent has now transformed himself into the Baghdad Bob of bonds. Three weeks ago, after intervening (for reasons that remain somewhat unclear) to support the Japanese yen, Bessent boasted about his ability to move markets and dared investors to bet against his, declaring “I am the house now.” He then tried to push long-term interest rates down, buying 30-year U.S. Treasuries in a move some have compared to paying down part of your mortgage by running up your credit card balance. Here’s how that’s going so far: To get some perspective on how high interest rates have gone, here’s a longer-term perspective: We haven’t seen interest rates this high since the fading days of the dotcom bubble. Why are interest rates hitting new records? The backdrop, as I argued in last Sunday’s primer, is the huge AI-driven investment boom; more on that next week. But the immediate cause of the latest interest rate spike was Trump’s rejection of an Iranian proposal to end the war. This rejection sent crude oil prices, which for a while had fallen considerably, shooting back up: It’s notable, by the way, that oil prices remain high even though a significant amount of oil is now being shuttled through the Strait of Hormuz by night, on smaller vessels. That’s an interesting story, which has a lot to do with the fact that oil from the Hormuz shuttle runs must be transferred to larger vessels before being shipped to markets in Europe and Asia; around 15 percent of the world’s large crude carriers are now parked off the coast of Oman, waiting to be tanked up. This is creating a shipping crunch: But that’s a topic for another day. For now, the point is that with oil still high and refined products, especially diesel, still close to record levels, inflation will remain elevated. And this in turn means that the Federal Reserve will keep short-term interest rates high, an expectation that is feeding into longer-term rates. Hence Bessent’s bond-market humiliation. The truth is that Bessent might not have been able to get interest rates down even in the best of circumstances. But he certainly won’t get anywhere as long as Trump keeps believing that he can somehow convert his Iran debacle into a triumphant victory. And Trump will keep believing that as long as he is surrounded by sycophants who tell him what he wants to hear. Sycophants like, for example, Scott Bessent, who is predicting the imminent collapse of the Iranian economy, possibly within two weeks. Bessent is right to say that the embargo on Iranian oil exports is placing the country under great economic strain. But his implicit prediction that this will quickly produce a deal that Trump can call victory looks no more plausible than his boasts about the bond market. The big question now is, why would anyone with a reputation to lose work for Donald Trump? As the beclowning of Bessent shows, joining the Trump team won’t just damage your reputation; it will utterly destroy it.

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Sep 29 • 7:10 AM EDT • Politics • paulkrugman.substack.com
From England: Manchester United monitor Wesley

English sirens are calling for Wesley. Roma already rejected a significant offer from Chelsea for the Brazilian full-back this summer, but another English club could make a move in the near future. As...

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Sep 29 • 5:25 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
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Former special counsel Jack Smith to testify before Senate on Trump investigations

Smith has rejected assertions he or his prosecutors were motivated by politics.

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Sep 29 • 5:02 AM EDT • Politics • abcnews.com
A win for Cheyenne Audubon, city rejects Business Park zoning for parcel near bird habitat

CHEYENNE, Wyo. — An ordinance to rezone a 74-acre parcel in far east Cheyenne to Business Park, controversial to a dedicated group of bird enthusiasts who

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Sep 29 • 12:59 AM EDT • Business • capcity.news
Paramount, states reject Booker's call for deeper review of merger deal

Paramount, Warner Bros. Discovery and attorneys general from 12 states are pushing back against Sen. Cory Booker's questions about how their antitrust settlement came about and whether its terms go far enough.

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Sep 28 • 6:56 PM EDT • Entertainment • latimes.com
Jackson business, political leaders call on feds to reject baseball park inside Grand Teton

Even a temporary field on already-disturbed land would do damage, letter says.

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Sep 28 • 5:01 PM EDT • Business • 891khol.org
Jackson business, political leaders call on feds to reject baseball park inside Grand Teton

Even a temporary field on already-disturbed land would do damage, letter says.

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Sep 28 • 5:01 PM EDT • Politics • 891khol.org
Trump administration lowers fuel economy standards, critics say at a significant environmental cost

The new rules were released shortly after President Donald Trump rejected an Iranian proposal to open the Strait of Hormuz, sending oil prices soaring.

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Sep 28 • 10:55 AM EDT • Politics • reviewjournal.com
Arizona prison health care issue heads to U.S. Supreme Court

PHOENIX - Attorneys for inmates in Arizona prison are telling the U.S. Supreme Court it should reject a last-ditch bid by the state to delay wresting away control of its health care system. In a …

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Sep 28 • 8:27 AM EDT • Health • yourvalley.net
Iran says it ‘has no plans to negotiate with US’ despite Trump claims

Trump had told Axios he expected talks to resume a day after he rejected Iran’s proposal to reopen the strait of Hormuz

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Sep 28 • 6:23 AM EDT • Politics • theguardian.com
US Supreme Court receives arguments about fate of prison healthcare system

Attorneys for Arizona prison inmates are telling the U.S. Supreme Court to reject a last-ditch bid by the state to delay the takeover of its healthcare system.

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Sep 28 • 1:10 AM EDT • Health • azcapitoltimes.com
Current and future RFK Jr. aides criticize his science-rejectionist vaccine views

Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has spent years casting doubt on vaccines, but the people lined up to work for him keep saying the opposite. Since

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Sep 28 • 12:05 AM EDT • Science • geneticliteracyproject.org
Swiss voters reject bid to lock neutrality into Constitution

The country is known for neutrality, but Russia's war in Ukraine reopened questions over its non-engagement in foreign conflicts

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Sep 27 • 8:25 AM EDT • Politics • euractiv.com
Washington Taxed Its Millionaires. Now the Rich Want It Repealed.

Washington State voters will get a chance to accept or reject the 9.9 percent income tax on millionaires approved by the Legislature, which broke the state’s taboo against levying income taxes.

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Sep 27 • 5:00 AM EDT • Politics • nytimes.com
Trump calls Iranian plan to reopen Strait of Hormuz not 'acceptable'

President Trump said he was rejecting an Iranian plan to reopen the Strait of Hormuz. The Iranian proposal is similar to a memorandum of understanding agreed upon by the U.S. and Iran back in June.

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Sep 26 • 4:08 PM EDT • Politics • npr.org
High-Signal Publisher
Trump calls Iranian plan to reopen Strait of Hormuz not 'acceptable'

President Trump said he was rejecting an Iranian plan to reopen the Strait of Hormuz. The Iranian proposal is similar to a memorandum of understanding agreed upon by the U.S. and Iran back in June.

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Sep 26 • 4:08 PM EDT • Politics • kgou.org
Trump Rejects Iran’s Cease-Fire Proposal to Reopen Strait of Hormuz

The president said the deal was not “acceptable” and demurred on whether he would restart military strikes after the midterm elections.

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Sep 26 • 11:54 AM EDT • Politics • nytimes.com
Trump rejects Iran's proposal to reopen the Strait of Hormuz

President Donald Trump has rejected Iran’s proposal to reopen the Strait of Hormuz. Trump spoke to reporters Saturday outside the White House before leaving for a college football game. His

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Sep 26 • 11:00 AM EDT • Politics • journalgazette.net
PRESIDENT PAZ: Bolivia has rejected socialism and is open for business

Bolivia's leader outlines a shift from socialism to "capitalism for everyone," seeking United States investment in lithium, copper, and natural gas.

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Sep 26 • 7:22 AM EDT • Business • foxnews.com
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Supreme Court rejects Trump-backed Missouri congressional map for third time

The justices halted a federal appeals court ruling that would have revived the Republican-friendly map for the November elections, which will determine control of Congress. There were no noted dissents.

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Sep 25 • 6:34 PM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
For third time, Supreme Court rejects Missouri's bid for another GOP-leaning House district

The GOP wanted to redraw a district in Kansas City that had elected a Black Democrat. Six of the state's eight congressional districts favor Republicans.

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Sep 25 • 6:30 PM EDT • Politics • latimes.com
U.S. Rejects U.N. Declaration on Preparing for Future Pandemics

Most member nations spoke in support of the declaration, but some rich countries had strong objections.

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Sep 25 • 6:15 PM EDT • Politics • nytimes.com
Supreme Court for the third time rejects Republican redistricting push in Missouri

A Republican effort to use a new congressional map that would eliminate one of the two Democratic-held districts in the state has again failed in court.

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Sep 25 • 6:04 PM EDT • Politics • nbcnews.com
High-Signal Publisher
Supreme Court rejects GOP’s third effort to capture Democratic House seat in Missouri

The third time was not the charm.

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Sep 25 • 6:00 PM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
Trump and Johnson meeting with AI executives set for Tuesday

President Donald Trump and Speaker Mike Johnson (R-LA) will meet with executives of top AI companies at the White House on Tuesday, the Washington Examiner confirmed. The expected meeting underscores the pressure Republicans are under to regulate the industry ahead of the November midterm elections. Johnson has rejected calls to act quickly on regulating AI models, […]

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Sep 25 • 1:46 PM EDT • Politics • coloradopolitics.com
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US ends health funding for Zimbabwe after dispute over data-sharing terms

The United States will end funding for Zimbabwe’s health programs at the end of September. This decision follows Zimbabwe's rejection of a U.S.

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Sep 25 • 11:39 AM EDT • Health • apnews.com
High-Signal Publisher
Didier Deschamps rejects Turkiye approach

France will get their UEFA Nations League campaign underway against Turkiye on Friday night. For the first time in 14 years, Les Bleus will compete in a game in which Didier Deschamps is not their man...

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Sep 25 • 4:25 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
😐 Neutral (0%)
Nintendo Reportedly Rejected A Ubisoft Zelda Spin-Off Starring Ganondorf

What if?

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Sep 24 • 8:55 PM EDT • Technology • nintendolife.com
AMC Entertainment Shareholders Reject Governance Changes, Back Equity Plan

AMC Entertainment (NYSE:AMC) shareholders rejected several corporate-governance amendments at the company’s 2026 annual meeting, while approving an increase in shares available under its equity incentive plan and electing three Class 3 directors. Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Adam Aron said

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Sep 24 • 4:02 PM EDT • Entertainment • finance.yahoo.com
Senate rejects measure to block Trump from ordering more strikes on Iran

The administration ignored passage of a similar resolution in June, arguing that it lacks the force of law.

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Sep 24 • 3:00 PM EDT • Politics • washingtonpost.com
Senate rejects resolution calling to end the Iran war, as most Republicans stick with Trump

The same resolution passed the House in July as voters say they disapprove of the war and some Republican candidates have distanced themselves from President Donald Trump.

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Sep 24 • 2:40 PM EDT • Politics • nbcnews.com
High-Signal Publisher
Business groups urge Trump to reject diesel export ban amid record prices
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Sep 24 • 5:44 AM EDT • Business • wral.com
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Commentary: Politicians continue campaign of dehumanizing trans people as affordability crisis crushes families

Forget about the disastrous war nobody wanted, or your wallet drained by crippling expenses. Instead, be afraid of a small, defenseless community the GOP has scapegoated and reject as extremist any candidate who dares acknowledge their humanity.

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Sep 24 • 3:35 AM EDT • Politics • ohiocapitaljournal.com
Chamber of Commerce, oil groups urge Trump to reject diesel export ban

American business, energy and manufacturing groups on Wednesday urged President Trump to reject calls to impose a diesel export ban after the president said he was weighing this move in an effort t…

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Sep 23 • 6:30 PM EDT • Business • thehill.com
Stand Up for Science to Rally Scientists & Academic Leaders Against Trump Administration's Higher Ed Crackdown

Virtual rally comes ahead of 2025 Ed Compact anniversary; calls on university leadership to reject administration’s demands and defend academic freedom.

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Sep 23 • 11:47 AM EDT • Science • einnews.com
Sunderland Penalty Against Arsenal Ruled Wrong by Premier League Panel

The KMI Panel unanimously rejected the penalty awarded against Ezri Konsa, while backing the other major decisions from Arsenal's 2-0 win at Sunderland.

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Sep 23 • 7:45 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
JPMorgan Weighs Opening Card Business to Private Credit

J.P. Morgan Chase is reportedly exploring whether other funding sources could approve some of the cards it rejects. That's according to a report late

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Sep 23 • 6:57 AM EDT • Business • pymnts.com
Missouri’s embattled, Trump-backed congressional map returns to Supreme Court for a third time

A quixotic legal battle over whether Missouri may use a GOP-friendly congressional redistricting plan for November’s election returned to the Supreme Court for the third time late Tuesday night, forcing the justices to once again review an effort the court unanimously rejected less than two weeks ago.

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Sep 23 • 12:03 AM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
Justice Kagan rejects surrogate’s request for intervention in custody dispute

The baby’s biological parents said that high court intervention would only cause chaos and confusion.

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Sep 22 • 6:22 PM EDT • Health • ms.now
Justice Kagan rejects surrogate’s request for intervention in custody dispute

The baby’s biological parents said that high court intervention would only cause chaos and confusion.

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Sep 22 • 6:22 PM EDT • Health • ms.now
Susan Collins can stand up for science by voting against FDA nominee

If the senator values the general health of Mainers, she must reject Dr. Heidi Overton’s nomination.

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Sep 22 • 2:00 PM EDT • Science • centralmaine.com
Gavin Newsom paddles to the political right with 3 notable vetoes

Newsom's rejection of pension, work-from-home and environmental bills won points with the right but angered some unions and advocacy groups.

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Sep 22 • 8:00 AM EDT • Politics • calmatters.org
'I want to serve my country but I was rejected on health grounds'

Some 114,000 Army application were rejected on medical grounds in the past five years, Freedom of Information figures show.

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Sep 21 • 7:19 PM EDT • Health • bbc.com
Key senators reject White House proposal on NIH grants

Sens. Susan Collins and Patty Murray are rejecting efforts by the Trump administration to give the White House control of National Institutes of Health grant funding.

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Sep 21 • 2:22 PM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
🙂 Positive (35%)
Florida HC Jon Sumrall Shuts Down Ole Miss Hype Quickly

Despite a surprising betting line favoring the Gators, coach Jon Sumrall rejects the underdog narrative, demanding disciplined play to upset the playoff-tested Rebels in Gainesville this Saturday.

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Sep 21 • 12:48 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com
Trump to form ‘AI Force,’ name AI czar but rejects calls for constraints

A growing chorus of lawmakers and industry leaders have called for moving more slowly on the technology.

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Sep 19 • 3:13 PM EDT • Politics • washingtonpost.com
Judge isn't swayed by government's claims that plans for an 'anti-weaponization fund' are dead

U.S. District Judge Leonie Brinkema in Virginia rejected the notion that the case's claims are moot because the Trump administration says the fund is dead and won't go forward.

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Sep 18 • 4:31 PM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
U.S. Supreme Court ruled against Trump . . . for now

The U.S. Supreme Court rejected President Donald Trump's mail-in ballots executive order. But, Conservative Justice Brett Kavanaugh left open the possibility of implementation in the future. What does that mean?

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Sep 18 • 2:25 PM EDT • Politics • michiganpublic.org
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Dave Portnoy defends Robert Kraft’s right to ban Macklemore from stadium

Dave Portnoy rejected claims of censorship, arguing that the New England Patriots billionaire has every right to decide who takes the stage at his Massachusetts stadium.

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Sep 18 • 11:40 AM EDT • Entertainment • masslive.com
The adviser urging Trump to reject AI safety fears

David Sacks has clashed with safety advocates. He’s no fan of Anthropic or OpenAI. Here’s what he wants.

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Sep 18 • 6:00 AM EDT • Politics • vox.com
Work has stopped on system that was key to Trump effort to limit mail voting, USPS chief says

The top official at the U.S. Postal Service said Thursday that the agency has stopped work on developing a controversial computer system that was central to President Donald Trump’s effort to limit mail voting after the Supreme Court rejected his executive order this week.

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Sep 17 • 8:19 PM EDT • Politics • pbs.org
🙂 Positive (35%)
Chicago Mayor Johnson defends business record amid criticism from challenger

Mayor Brandon Johnson defended his record on economic development and business relations Thursday, rejecting criticism that he is anti-business while speaking before a group of Black business owners.

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Sep 17 • 7:09 PM EDT • Business • abc7chicago.com
New York voters can expect no changes to mail-in ballot process

The Supreme Court on Monday rejected efforts from the Trump administration to restrict mail-in ballots for the midterm elections.

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Sep 17 • 4:33 PM EDT • Politics • spectrumlocalnews.com
Hasan Piker’s Comments Create Headaches for Abdul El-Sayed

Under pressure, the Democratic Senate nominee in Michigan this week rejected Hasan Piker’s argument that the U.S. has caused more terror than Al Qaeda.

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Sep 17 • 3:52 PM EDT • Politics • nytimes.com
Southwest (LUV) Finally Joins the Lounge Business it Long Rejected

Southwest Airlines Co. (NYSE:LUV) disclosed plans on September 2 to open its first-ever airport lounges, partnering with JPMorgan Chase on a new premium co-branded credit card launching in 2027 that will provide access, Reuters and the Wall Street Journal reported. The first four lounges will open at Austin, Baltimore, Honolulu, and Nashville airports in late […]

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Sep 17 • 10:38 AM EDT • Business • finance.yahoo.com
Microsoft patch gives domain-joined Windows PCs trust issues

Machine Identity Isolation policies can reject valid credentials unless controllers meet the Server 2025 functional level

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Sep 17 • 9:45 AM EDT • Technology • theregister.com
Ohio voters rejected Sherrod Brown. Two years later, are they ready to give him a second chance?

Former Sen. Sherrod Brown is asking Ohio voters to send him back to Congress just two years after they rejected him.

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Sep 17 • 7:07 AM EDT • Politics • news4jax.com
Ohio voters rejected Sherrod Brown. Two years later, are they ready to give him a second chance?

Former Sen. Sherrod Brown is asking Ohio voters to send him back to Congress just two years after they rejected him.

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Sep 17 • 7:07 AM EDT • Politics • clickorlando.com
Dennis rejects hearing on Foley's as neighbors demand action

Dennis Licensing Board decides against holding a public hearing when faced with neighborhood complaints of noise and nuisance at Backyard by Foley's.

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Sep 17 • 6:02 AM EDT • Business • capecodtimes.com
LACC students encourage others to vote on National Register to Vote Day

President Trump calling out his own Supreme Court appointees over their decision to reject his administration’s efforts

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Sep 16 • 2:50 PM EDT • Politics • spectrumnews1.com
AI rejection, Trump’s key loss and Dems’ new edge
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Sep 16 • 12:13 PM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
Trump administration hits South Africa with new sanctions over alleged discrimination against whites

CAPE TOWN, South Africa (AP) — The Trump administration has announced that it will impose travel bans on officials it claims are responsible for discrimination against whites and other minority groups in South Africa. U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio said Tuesday he would revoke U.S. visas or reject visa applications from foreign nationals found […]

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Sep 16 • 12:13 PM EDT • Politics • coloradopolitics.com
Truth and Politics in the Age of Post-Truth

Get E-International Relations delivered to your inbox, free of charge. As you sign up, consider becoming a paid subscriber, or make a donation, to support our work. Subscribe This is an excerpt from Global Politics in a Post-Truth Era. You can download the book free of charge from E-International Relations. The term post-truth is by now so ubiquitous in describing the state of politics in the Western world and even beyond that the most pressing issue of the day appears to be about making democracy work in the era of post-truth rather than questioning the normalisation of the term itself in the first place. The critical turning point appeared to have occurred in 2016 when the term was chosen by the Oxford English Dictionary as ‘The Word of the Year.’ On its website, the Dictionary notes the transformation of post-truth from ‘being a peripheral term to being a mainstay in political commentary and connects ‘the spike in frequency’ directly with the Brexit referendum in the United Kingdom and the election of Donald J. Trump in the United States – both occurring in 2016. Paired with the noun ‘politics,’ post-truth is defined as an adjective ‘relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief.’ The Oxford English Dictionary traces the first use of the term to a 1992 essay in The Nation by the playwright Steve Tesich as he reflected on the 1980s Iran-Contra scandal and the 1990–91 Gulf War: We are rapidly becoming prototypes of a people that totalitarian monsters could only drool about in their dreams. All the dictators up to now have had to work hard at suppressing the truth. We, by our actions, are saying that this is no longer necessary, that we have acquired a spiritual mechanism that can denude truth of any significance. In a very fundamental way we, as a free people, have freely decided that we want to live in some post-truth world (Tesich 1992, 13; emphasis added). He then continued, The Gulf War is over but the war at home goes on. The gulf between rich and destitute widens – between those of us who live in a modern post-industrial nation and those of us who live in the Third World countries of our inner cities. The present administration’s response to this internal crisis has shifted from benign to malignant neglect. The current levels of misery and decomposition of our cities and the economic gulags of our ghettos are acceptable. Since there is only so much hope to go around, there is a freeze on hope. The have-nots have now been reclassified as never-will-haves (Tesich 1992, 13). In the context of Tesich’s essay, truth includes both facts, as in what happens, and ‘moral absolutes,’ as in the ‘self-evident truths mentioned in our Constitution’ (Tesich 1992, 14). Together, these two notions of truth entail the obligation to both act and react. The two passages cited above show that even in the early post-Cold War years, Tesich was already deeply concerned that the American people are neither prepared to act on truth nor react to truth that is disconcerting, or what he calls ‘bad news’ (Tesich 1992, 12). Accordingly, Tesich’s insight as captured by the term post-truth is not that truth is irrelevant to what we know, but rather it is irrelevant to how we act. In contrast, ‘post-truth politics,’ as defined by Oxford as a term that pitches ‘objective facts’ against ‘emotion and personal belief’ such that the latter appears to have overtaken the former in shaping ‘public opinion’ and thereby, democratic politics. When Tesich’s post-truth politics and its current usage are juxtaposed, the two are in fact not identical in terms of what truth is and how it relates to politics. Against such consideration, this chapter provides a critical survey of selected historical events and theoretical considerations for the purpose of gaining a more nuanced understanding of the relation between truth and politics. Truth and Language One notable impact of post-truth politics is that language is being overtly deployed as a political weapon not only by politicians and those in power, but among the general population. It seems that once facts are irrelevant to the validity of what is being said, language becomes the platform for an all-out political contest in which what is said is no more than an act of will expressed as an assertion of power and/or an exercise in defiance. As early as in the writings of Thucydides (460–400 BCE), the vulnerability of logos – which is the human capacity for rational discourse in tumultuous times – was already noted. Thucydides belonged to a school of Greek thought which maintained that language is conventional and that the association between name and things is a result of ‘human use and habit’ rather than ‘nature or divine dispensation’ (Connor 1984, 99). The conventional nature of language means that it is incapable of providing its users with any independent criteria for judgement. In Thucydides’ study of the Peloponnesian War (431–405 BCE), the subversion of logos as seen in the manipulation of language was introduced through his account of the civil war in Corcyra (Thucydides 1972, 236-245). The war first broke out in 427 BCE between the pro-Athenian democratic faction and the pro-Spartan oligarchic faction before it spread to the rest of the Greek world. There was a general breakdown of law and order, resulting in extreme violence and death. Language underwent changes that were reflective of the events of the time. The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) translated Thucydides’ description of the situation as follows: The received value of names imposed for signification of things, was changed into arbitrary. For inconsiderate boldness, was counted true-hearted manliness: provident deliberation, a handsome fear: modesty, the cloak of cowardice: to be wise in everything, to be lazy in everything... he that had been so provident as not to need to do the one or the other, was said to be a dissolver of society, and one that stood in fear of his adversary. In brief, he that could outstrip another in the doing of an evil act, or that could persuade another thereto that never meant it, was commended (Hobbes 1839–1845, 8: 348; Thucydides 1972, 242-243). What concerned Thucydides most was that the meanings of words are no more than linguistic conventions that require logos to support them. The Corcyrean civil war was a reminder that such capacity cannot be assumed. This is why history understood as an authentic account of what happens matters. Guided by logos, the historian’s task is ‘the search after truth’, which is established through ‘the absence of the fabulous,’ including ‘the rejection of myth and unverifiable stories’ (de Jonge 2017, 2). Thus, history plays an important role in facilitating the stability of language – without which distinctions and judgements cannot be rendered communicable. Just like Thucydides, Hobbes was a nominalist who subscribed to the view that there is no inherent meaning to words. Hobbes’ state of nature, where there is no common authority, is precisely one in which distinctions cannot be made. As Hobbes put it, there is ‘no Mine and Thine distinct’ nor is there distinction between ‘the notions of Right and Wrong, Justice and Injustice’ (1968, 188; emphasis in original). This is clearly an unsustainable condition for everyone. Behind Hobbes’ famous words that life in the state of nature is ‘solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short’ is his uncompromising argument for the ‘Leviathan’, which is described by the late American political theorist, Sheldon Wolin (1922–2015), as the ‘sovereign definer’ (Hobbes 1968, 186; Wolin 2004, 238–243). Accordingly, the social contract is importantly a ‘linguistic contract’ that binds all parties to ‘general names agreed upon’ (Peters 1979, 125; Hobbes 1968, 111). Through Thucydides and Hobbes, we can identify a line of thinking that sees politics as a contestation over the use of language, which is based on shared conventions and norms. Thus understood, politics is not a collective quest for the true nature of our being or an epistemological exercise in pursuit of true knowledge. Rather, politics is about humans living with one another by finding a shared language to communicate with one another on matters that affect them all. Truth is in that sense contingent on what is being said as opposed to setting the standard for it. In other words, truth is the embodiment of shareability among us. While truth as such ensures the viability of a political entity, truth by no means represents a normative standard to adjudicate among contesting actors in what they say, let alone in what they do. During Thucydides’ times, ancient China was also experiencing a tumultuous time as the ruling Zhou dynasty deteriorated into the period of the Warring States (481–221 BCE). This was when the rulers of Zhou no longer presided over the territories brought under its control through conquest. Instead of professing allegiance to the Zhou royalty, the lords of these territories became kings themselves to rule over their own land. The period was one marked by endless military campaigns as each of the seven major states aimed to conquer the rest (Lewis 1999). Yet, the period was also known for its intellectual vibrancy as different thinkers challenged the restoring of order among these warring states – including offering ideas and advice to rulers on good governance. Among these thinkers was Confucius (551–479 BCE). His thought, which came to be known as Confucianism, went on to become the state ideology of China from the Han dynasty (206 BCE–222 CE) until the end of the Qing dynasty in 1911 when China became a republic. The founding text of Confucianism was the Analects, which is a collection of dialogues between Confucius and his students as recorded by them. One key concept Confucius advanced is the ‘rectification of names’. Though the term only appears in one exchange in the Analects, it is considered a major aspect of Confucius’ thought. Generations of Confucian scholars from past and present, including Western academics, have debated over its interpretation (Makeham 2003). The passage in question reads as follows: Zi Lu said: ‘The monarch of the state of Wei wants you to govern the country, what is the first thing you plan on doing?’ Confucius said: ‘First it is necessary to rectify the names.’Zi Lu said: ‘Is that really what has to be done? You are being too pedantic, aren’t you now? How will you rectify these names?’Confucius said: ‘Zhong You, you are too unrefined. A gentleman, faced with a matter that he does not understand, takes a skeptical attitude. If names are not correct, one cannot speak smoothly and reasonably, and if one cannot speak smoothly and reasonably, affairs cannot be managed successfully. If affairs cannot be managed successfully, rites and music will not be conducted. If rites and music are not conducted, punishments will not be suitable. And if punishments are not suitable, the common people will not know what to do. So, when the gentleman uses names, it is necessary to be able to speak so that people understand. If one can say it, one can definitely do it. A gentleman should not be careless with words’ (Analects 13:3 in Cao 2016, 148). This translation is offered by the contemporary philosopher Cao Feng. As Cao notes, the passage is what started the whole debate over ‘exactly what kind of names did Confucius... wish to rectify’ (Cao 2016, 148). Of the three major groups of interpretation examined by Cao, beginning with classical Confucian scholarship, one is arguably the most influential and certainly most pertinent to the issue of language and politics. This is the interpretation that was first associated with the Neo-Confucian master, Zhu Xi (1130–1200), who argued that the ‘rectification of names is simply the rectification of politics’ (Cao 2016, 149). Within this interpretive framework, rectification has the dual functions of correction and prescription by ensuring that predetermined hierarchical roles are strictly adhered to through following ‘the system of rites and propriety’ (Cao 2016, 151). In addition, the rectification of names entails ‘using names to rectify actuality’ (Cao 2016, 151). Yet Cao rejects this whole body of interpretive works by arguing that these were ideas developed later. Instead, Cao suggests the following: The original meaning of Confucius’ rectification of names may, then, be quite simple. Confucius did not mean to establish a concrete, normative system of “names”; rather, Confucius was simply the first person in history to realize or remark upon the importance of language in politics. As a politician, he noticed and foresaw the impact that the indeterminacy, ambiguity, and arbitrariness of names would have on politics. Confucius recognized the political consequences of language’s not accurately expressing meaning or not being accurately received by people. He realized the great role that names, as a means of distinguishing right and wrong and establishing norms, could play in society and politics (Cao 2016, 168). Scholarly debates aside, Cao’s view has the advantage of identifying an interpretation of this controversial exchange in the Analects that enables its readers to extrapolate from it the observation that the meaning of words depends as much on their users as on their interpreters; neither of which can be predetermined. Accordingly, a good ruler is someone who can speak without ambiguity to his subjects and make good his words through actions. Stated differently, Cao’s view on what concerned Confucius then, who was living through times of protracted political upheaval, is that language is an indispensable political tool for those in power and can be deployed by both good and bad rulers alike. To sum up, this historical survey shows that politics as a war of words is by no means a distinctive marker of contemporary politics nor the Western world. Be it ancient or current, east or west, language is subject to manipulation to serve political purposes and when there is an outright war of words that defies existing norms, it is indicative of a political situation in which people no longer share a language and truth becomes irrelevant. Accordingly, political order entails stability in language use. Truth and Politics As previously noted, current use of the term post-truth as an adjective to the term ‘politics’ suggests that once there was a time when politics aligned with truth. Indeed, if we start with Plato’s Republic as the key founding text of Western political thought, we see that the ideal polis (city-state of ancient Greece) is where truth and politics converge, and justice is achieved. Written around 380 BCE when Athens was still coping with its defeat by the Spartans in the Peloponnesian War, the Republic is a defence of the rule of the ‘philosopher king’, defined as someone who is ‘guided by the truth’ and is ‘always and in every way’ in pursuit of the truth (Plato 1974, 490a). For Plato, truth converges with virtues and hence, letting the philosopher take charge of politics is to let the wisest and the most virtuous lead the less wise and the less virtuous even if it requires compulsion (Plato 1974, 499b). In Plato’s words, ‘…until the philosophers attain power in a city there will be no respite from evil for either city or citizens…’ (Plato 1974, 501e). The uncompromising rule of philosopher-kings is made palatable by the claim that we are all ‘earth- born brothers’ with random mixtures of gold, silver, bronze and iron, but only the gold can rule (Plato 1974, 414–415). Understandably, academic debates over the interpretation of Plato’s Republic revolve around the question of whether truth as attained in philosophy can be realised in politics as action and whether such a connection is even desirable. Without getting into the details of these scholarly exchanges, I suggest that they all share the concern that truth acquired through the rigorous process of philosophical reasoning is not without problem when applied to the real world of living humans. This is because not all humans are philosophers – and indeed, in Plato’s view, not everyone is capable of becoming a philosopher given the protracted and arduous training that one needs to endure to become one. Hannah Arendt (1906–1975), a highly influential political philosopher of the twentieth century, notes that ‘Plato was the first to introduce the division between those who know and do not act and those who act and do not know’ and that such a separation has remained ‘at the root of all theories of domination’ (Arendt 1958, 223, 225). What Arendt points out in this remark is not the gap between theory and practice, but rather that Plato provides the normative ground for those who know the truth to tell those who do not know what to do. Arendt herself took on the challenge of understanding the relationship between truth and politics through her analysis of Nazism and Stalinism. Arendt’s insight, which was controversial when The Origins of Totalitarianism was published in 1951, was to identify Nazism and Stalinism as representative of a new form of political rule – totalitarianism – making it distinct from ‘other forms of political oppression... such as despotism, tyranny and dictatorship’ (Arendt 1973, 460). Arendt defines totalitarianism as a self- contained system of ideas driven by their ‘logic’ and marked by a mode of reasoning called ‘ideological thinking.’ Ideological thinking as such is a distinctive form of political reasoning defined by three characteristics. First, ideological thinking claims to provide a ‘total explanation’ of all historical happenings, encompassing the past, the present, and the future. Second, while ideological thinking is an attempt to account for ‘factual reality’ in its totality, this mode of thinking is paradoxically divorced from reality and experience. This is because experience, being rooted in specificity, is clearly limited in its claim to totality. It follows that as its third characteristic, ideological thinking aims to emancipate thought from the limitation imposed by experience through a ‘specific method of demonstration.’ The method involves arranging facts into an ‘absolutely logical procedure’ that starts from an ‘axiomatically accepted premise’. It is, in short, a ‘process of deduction from a premise’ – which is the only possible movement in the realm of logic that leads to one definitive conclusion. This is how the ‘logicality of ideological thinking’ provides the basis for total explanation and the ‘principle of action’ for totalitarian movement (Arendt 1973, 468–474). Stated differently, totalitarianism is a form of uncompromising idealism that exists in one’s head irrespective of shared reality as experienced. It is the perverse form of what Arendt later refers to as ‘rational truth’, which is the product of the ‘speculative mind’ that belongs to philosophy, mathematics and the sciences. The ‘speculative mind’ is the mind working on its way to generate axioms and theories by relying on the cognitive capacity of the human brain (Arendt 1977, 231). The presence of others has no bearing whatsoever on rational truth. In contrast, ‘factual truth’ is what happens when humans are ‘living and acting together’ (Arendt 1977, 231). Factual truth is therefore particular and temporal by definition. But more importantly, factual truth is ‘political by nature’ because it can only be validated in the context of the human community (Arendt 1977, 238). In other words, factual truth is about humans in their plurality rather than in their singularity. For factual truth to be sustainable, we need what Arendt calls ‘common sense’ – understood as ‘community sense’ (Arendt 1982, 72). There is also another distinction about truth that Arendt makes which is pertinent to understanding how totalitarianism works. The issue is whether the so-called totalitarian ideology is simply an unnecessarily cumbersome way of saying that it is an all-round and polished lie. Here, Arendt calls totalitarian ideology the ‘modern lie’ – in contrast to the ‘traditional lie’. The latter is restricted by two conditions: that it is a lie about the ‘particulars’ and that it deceives only the ‘enemy’ – which means that the liar is not engaged in self- deception. The modern lie, however, involves a ‘complete rearrangement of the whole factual texture’. It also intends to deceive everyone alike, to the extent that those who initiate the lie eventually ‘fall victims to their own falsehood’ (Arendt 1977, 249–254). This distinction between the traditional and modern lie is important. It indicates that not only is totalitarianism a lie, but the lie is in fact too big to fit into the standard meaning of the word. To tell a lie from truth, we need a common standard. In the case of a traditional lie, the common standard is precisely ‘the fabric of factuality’. As such, a lie always appears as a ‘tear’ to that fabric. Yet, modern lies require making a surrogate reality with a completely different context for facts to fit ‘without seam, crack, or fissure, exactly as the facts fitted into their original context’. Arendt notes that as long as those who concoct the surrogate reality are prepared to engage in self- deception to ‘create a semblance of truthfulness’, there is nothing to prevent ‘these new stories, images, and non-facts from becoming an adequate substitute for reality and factuality’ (Arendt 1977, 253–254). Totalitarianism therefore requires a person to stand outside of the system itself in order to make sense of it. Arendt points out that it is futile for us to argue with (for example) a Nazi or a Stalinist on race or class. To confront totalitarianism requires more than just a confrontation with specific facts. It is a more fundamental confrontation between reality as experienced and its total rejection. This means that Nazism and Stalinism are more than radical ways of conducting racial conflict or class struggle. Rather: Totalitarian politics – far from being simply antisemitic or racist or imperialist or communist – use and abuse their own ideological and political elements until the basis of factual reality, from which the ideologies originally derived their propaganda value– the value of struggle, for instance, or the interest conflicts between Jews and their neighbours – have all but disappeared (Arendt 1973, xv). Accordingly: The ideal subject of totalitarian rule is not the convinced Nazi or the convinced Communist, but people for whom the distinction between fact and fiction (that is, the reality of experience) and the distinction between true and false (that is, the standards of thought) no longer exist (Arendt 1973, 474). Who then is the ‘ideal subject’ of totalitarianism? Although there is a revival of interest in Arendt’s observation on truth and politics since the onset of post- truth politics, not enough has been said about her reply to the question (Hyvönen 2018; Klinkler 2018; Lee 2019; Zerilli 2020). Yet if we take a look at Arendt’s portrait of this ideal subject, her view is even more pertinent to our current challenge. As a self-contained system of ideas that is detached from experience, totalitarian thinking offers consistency in ways that reality cannot. Arendt notes that this kind of consistency is especially appealing to those who have lost a sense of bearing in the world (Arendt 1973, 353). They constitute what she calls the ‘masses’. The ‘mass man’ is thus a highly isolated and atomised individual, who is ‘obsessed by a desire to escape from reality’ (Arendt 1973, 318, 352). In his ‘essential homelessness’ the mass man can ‘no longer bear its accidental, incomprehensible aspects’ (Arendt 1973, 352). This longing for escape from reality is a ‘verdict against the world’ in which one is ‘forced to live’ but ‘cannot exist’ (Arendt 1973, 352). Such a situation is ripe for the ‘revolt of the masses’ against ‘common sense,’ which is ‘the result of their atomisation, of their loss of social status’ and with it, the ‘whole sector of communal relationships in whose framework common sense makes sense’ (Arendt 1973, 352). In short, the masses are people who are considered to be ‘superfluous or can be spared … [who] cannot be integrated into any organisation based on common interest’ (Arendt 1973, 311). Whether one agrees with Arendt’s analysis of the social conditions in the interwar years that led to the formation of the ‘masses’, her portrait of the ‘mass man’ is a powerful account of what can happen to an individual who has become disposable to the society that they used to belong to. Hand in hand with this phenomenon is indeed the collapse of ‘common sense’ that leaves the dislodged individual scrambling for reconnection. By offering the masses a substitute reality validated by the ‘logic of an idea’ rather than by experience, totalitarianism makes it possible for them to live in a world where there is no condition of plurality. Between ‘facing the anarchic growth and total arbitrariness of decay’ and ‘bowing down before the most rigid, fantastically fictitious consistency of an ideology’, the masses will likely ‘choose the latter’ (Arendt 1973, 352). A world created by ideology, then, is more attractive to the masses not because ‘they are stupid and wicked, but because in the general disaster this escape grants them a minimum of self- respect’ by conjuring up ‘a lying world of consistency which is more adequate to the needs of the human mind than reality itself’ (Arendt 1973, 353). Moreover, it is precisely this ability to guarantee consistency that makes it possible for the leaders of totalitarian movements to demand ‘total, unrestricted, unconditional and unalterable loyalty of the individual member’ (Arendt 1973, 323). While this chapter is not a study of the social factors that led to specific contemporary developments such as the result of the Brexit referendum or the election of Donald Trump in 2016, Arendt’s ‘mass man’ seem to have found their counterparts among the supporters of Brexit and Trumpism. Studies of voters’ profiles in both events point to a disproportionate share of supporters from white male lower income backgrounds without university educations. These are individuals who have either already lost their jobs to globalisation or who are at high risk of losing their job with very little capacity to be retrained for the twenty-first century market economy of advanced industrialised states (BBC 2016; Pew Research Center 2018). In short, these displaced workers are part of the tapestry forming the modern equivalent of Arendt’s ‘mass man’ – ready to be the recruits of totalitarianism. Conclusion If we step back to take a more comprehensive approach to the relationship between truth and politics, both historically and theoretically, it is not so obvious that 2016 is a defining moment. From ancient China and ancient Greece to our so-called post-truth age, the indeterminacy of language appears to be a persistent political challenge. Language is always open to manipulation by its users to serve power. Nonetheless, the tendency these days is to single out the ubiquity of social media and the proliferation of Internet platforms as the incubator for the countless cyberwars of words that in turn fuel the real world of politics. In this context, language is no longer the conveyor of objective facts and accurate information, but rather the medium for expressing subjective opinions and feelings, as captured by the Oxford Dictionary’s definition of the term ‘post-truth politics’. In contrast, the historical approach used in this chapter shows that it is in fact too easy to point the figure at the Internet and digital communication for the political challenge that we face today. What is being suggested here is that with or without the Internet, language, be it used to convey facts or emotions, is simply a tool for communication that humans have invented. While language per se cannot adjudicate what is true or not true, what is right or wrong, it embodies such capacity when language is a shared norm. That shared norm cannot be sustained without some semblance of cohesion in any given community. Any war of words, irrespective of its platform, is indicative of the breakdown of such cohesiveness. Returning to the original context in which the term post-truth politics was first used by Steve Tesich helps to identify the important distinction between truth as the standard for knowledge and truth as the standard for action. The two do not necessarily coincide. Placed in the context of the history of political thought, this distinction is in fact at the heart of Plato’s Republic. Yet when the philosopher as the quintessential bearer of truth becomes king, the polis that he rules over is far from the ideal of a just state that it purports to be. Instead, it is one that is held together by lies and coercion. What Arendt reveals through her study of Nazism and Stalinism is that it is dangerous for the kind of truth that philosophy generates – ‘rational truth’ – to become the guide to politics. Politics guided by rational truth can only be uncompromising and follows a logic of its own that cannot afford the ambiguity and indeterminacy of reality as lived experiences of humans. A world of post-truth politics can be an opportunity for a new kind of politics if it is indeed about dismantling the idea that truth is the ideal that politics should strive for. But as it stands, the post-truth politics of today is more about invoking a past that never exists to judge the presence as a crisis in naming when the real crisis is about rebuilding a shared space that has room for all – be they of the left, right or centre; cosmopolitan or parochial; civic-minded or self-centred; liberal-minded or bigoted. Politics is and always will be about striving for that space, without which no human can thrive. References Arendt, Hannah. 1958. The Human Condition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Arendt, Hannah. 1973. The Origins of Totalitarianism. Rev. ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Arendt, Hannah. 1977. “Truth and Politics.” In Between Past and Future, 227–264. New York: Penguin Books. Arendt, Hannah. 1982. Lectures on Kant’s Political Philosophy, edited by Ronald Beiner. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. British Broadcasting Corporation. 2016. “Brexit vote: The breakdown.” BBC News, December 7, 2016. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-38227674 Cao, Feng. 2016. “A New Examination of Confucius’ Rectification of Names.” Journal of Chinese Humanities 2: 147–171. https://doi-org.subzero.lib. uoguelph.ca/ doi/ 10.1163/23521341-12340032. Connor, W. Robert. 1984. Thucydides. Princeton: Princeton University Press. de Jonge, Casper C. 2017. “Dionysius of Halicarnassus on Thucydides.” in The Oxford Handbook of Thucydides, edited by Sara Forsdyke, Edith Foster, and Ryan Balot. Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/ oxfordhb/9780199340385.013.17 https://www-oxfordhandbooks-com.subzero. lib.uoguelph.ca/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199340385.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199340385 Hyvönen, Ari-Elmeri. 2018. “Careless Speech: Conceptualizing Post-Truth Politics.” New Perspectives 26 (3): 31–55. https://www.proquest.com/ scholarly-journals/careless-speech-conceptualizing-post-truth/ docview/2204515132/se-2?accountid=11233. Hobbes, Thomas. 1839–1845. The English Works of Thomas Hobbes, edited by Sir William Molesworth. London: John Bohn. Vol. 8. Klinkner, Melanie. 2018. “Reasonable Truth.” International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics 14 (3): 393–99. doi:10.1386/macp.14.3.393_7. Lee, Haiyan. 2019. “When Nothing Is True, Everything Is Possible: On Truth and Power by Way of Socialist Realism.” PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 134 (5). Cambridge University Press: 1157–64. https://doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2019.134.5.1157 Lewis, Mark E. 1999. “Warring States Political History.” In The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC, edited by Michael Loewe and Edward Shaughnessy, 587–650. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Makeham, John. 2003. “Zheng ming (Rectification of names).” In RoutledgeCurzon Encyclopedia of Confucianism, edited by Xinzhong Yao. Vol. 2: 813-814. New York: Routledge. Oxford Languages, n. d. “Word of the Year 2016.” Accessed 19 August 2017. https://languages.oup.com/word-of-the-year/2016/ Peters, Richard. 1979. Hobbes. Westport: Greenwood Press. Pew Research Center. 2018. “An examination of the 2016 electorate, based on validated voters.” Report, August 9, 2018. https://www.pewresearch.org/ politics/2018/08/09/an-examination-of-the-2016-electorate-based-on- validated-voters/ Plato. 1974. Republic. Translated by G. M. A. Grube. Indianapolis: Hackett. Tesich, Steve. 1992. “Watergate Syndrome: A Government of Lies.” The Nation: 12-14. January 6/13, 1992. Thucydides. 1972. The Peloponnesian War. Translated by Rex Warner. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books. Wolin, Sheldon. 2004. Politics and Vision: Continuity and Innovation in Westen Political Thought. Expanded Edition. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Zerilli, Linda M. G. 2020. ‘Fact-Checking and Truth-Telling in an Age of Alternative Facts.’ Le foucaldien 6, no. 1: 2, 1–22. Theresa Man Ling Lee is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Guelph (Canada). Lee is a political theorist who specializes in contemporary political thought. Her research and teaching areas include continental philosophy, Marxism and critical theory, feminism, postmodernism, philosophy of social science, psychoanalysis, multiculturalism, human rights, disability studies, modern Chinese political thought and comparative political theory. Lee has published on a wide range of subjects in these areas, including intercultural pedagogy and the challenges of teaching as a person with multiple minority designations in a Canadian university classroom.

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Supreme Court rejects Trump mail ballot restrictions for now ahead of midterms

The decision allows states to continue sending out mail ballots under the same processes they've used for years

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Sep 14 • 7:49 PM EDT • Politics • spectrumlocalnews.com
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33%
Supreme Court rejects Trump mail ballot restrictions ahead of midterms

The Supreme Court has rejected President Donald Trump’s bid to restrict mail ballots ahead of the midterm elections

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Sep 14 • 7:46 PM EDT • Politics • washingtonpost.com
The Supreme Court rejects Trump's mail voting restrictions for this year's midterms

The Supreme Court has rejected the Trump administration's request to allow mail-in voting restrictions under a U.S. Postal Service plan for the midterm general election.

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Sep 14 • 7:38 PM EDT • Politics • npr.org
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Supreme Court rejects Trump’s plan to limit mail-in voting in midterms

The Supreme Court on Monday rejected President Donald Trump’s controversial plan to change how mail ballots are sent to voters across the country, rebuffing a proposal that election officials warned would have had catastrophic consequences if allowed to take effect for this year’s midterms.

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Sep 14 • 7:34 PM EDT • Politics • cnn.com
Trump suggests AI doesn’t need any more guardrails, only a ‘STRONG AND SMART’ president

President Donald Trump on Monday all but rejected calls from AI industry leaders for more government regulation on their cutting-edge models, making clear he considers outpacing China a higher priority than addressing growing public concerns.

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Sep 14 • 11:54 AM EDT • Politics • cnn.com