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Solopreneur America! - Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council
by Raymond J. Keating – America is a nation of entrepreneurs. In particular, one can make the case that America is a nation of solopreneurs. Solopreneurs are one-man or one-woman businesses. The latest Census Bureau data point to there being approximately 36.8 million business firms in the U.S., and 30.4 million of those are nonemployers, […]
Gannon-Doak role 'main topic' for Scotland
Scott Allan believes Ben Gannon-Doak's role in Scotland's final World Cup Group C fixture with Brazil is "the main topic" in how the Scots prepare. The winger started the win against Haiti, playing a role in the winning goal, and came off the bench in the loss to Morocco. "I feel like when we land on the ball, we never really know what the next pass is," former Celtic and Hibernian midfielder Allan told the BBC's Scottish Football Podcast.
The feds promised Minnesota’s rural hospitals grant money to ease massive Medicaid cuts. Hospitals are still waiting.
Rural health care providers in Minnesota and across the country are bracing for heavy Medicaid funding cuts next year.
The top 10 nonprofit health systems by 2025 operating revenue
The 2025 fiscal year saw across-the-board performance improvements for the country’s 10 largest nonprofit health systems, if not necessarily an expansion of their business. | Operating performances may have improved across the board, but not all of the country's largest nonprofit health systems grew their businesses.
All the new dragonriders in 'House of the Dragon,' including Rhaena
"House of the Dragon" has introduced a group of new dragonriders in seasons 2 and 3, including non-Targaryen recruits known as "dragonseeds."
Conservatives spent heavily in key Democratic primaries, filings show
An influential conservative nonprofit covertly funded a series of super PACs with names suggesting liberal provenance as the groups injected hundreds of thousands of dollars into key nominating Democratic contests across the country.
Department of Health launches rural health initiative to modernize patient scheduling
West Virginia’s Department of Health has issued an RFP for a statewide patient scheduling platform to modernize how residents find and book care.
Iranians walk out of peace talks venue after Trump threat
Negotiations aimed at cementing the Middle East ceasefire were overshadowed by disputes over key issues and fears of renewed fighting in Lebanon
Nonprofit behind new Fairview behavioral health center reworks proposal after neighborhood pushback
The Anchorage Assembly will consider updated grant contract on July 7.
Federal jury convicts former owner of chiropractic business in Libertyville of defrauding insurance out of $600K
A former owner of a chiropractic business in Libertyville faces prison after a jury convicted him of defrauding an insurance company out of over $600,000 in non-existent services.
Bukayo Saka misses England training
The Arsenal winger worked indoors on an individual programme and is expected to be available, but Noni Madueke is likely to keep his starting place.Photo by Charlotte Wilson/Getty ImagesBukayo Saka mi...
Charlottesville event marks Juneteenth with celebration and Black Business Expo
This year, 50 vendors came to the event, including small businesses, eateries, nonprofits and more.
Charlottesville event marks Juneteenth with celebration and Black Business Expo
This year, 50 vendors came to the event, including small businesses, eateries, nonprofits and more.
Charlottesville event marks Juneteenth with celebration and Black Business Expo
This year, 50 vendors came to the event, including small businesses, eateries, nonprofits and more.
Charlottesville event marks Juneteenth with celebration and Black Business Expo
This year, 50 vendors came to the event, including small businesses, eateries, nonprofits and more.
Charlottesville event marks Juneteenth with celebration and Black Business Expo
This year, 50 vendors came to the event, including small businesses, eateries, nonprofits and more.
Charlottesville event marks Juneteenth with celebration and Black Business Expo
This year, 50 vendors came to the event, including small businesses, eateries, nonprofits and more.
Politics: Cook Political Report shifts IA-02 race to “Lean R”
Just three weeks on from Iowa’s primary election, the nonpartisan Cook Political Report has shifted the race for Iowa’s 2nd Congressional District from “Likely Republican” to a tighter “Lean Republican,”
Broken Israel-Hezbollah Ceasefire ; Latest on U.S. Politics; Ebola Update
Israel and Lebanon's Hezbollah renew their ceasefire while Iran and the U.S. try to push ahead with negotiating a broader deal. We'll also look at how the preliminary agreement is being viewed domestically, and at President Trump's G7 appearance. Plus, we'll have the latest on the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where aid is starting to arrive.
One Of The Best Steam Next Fest Demos Is About A Cannon
The worst Steam Next Fest in recorded history also somehow features the best Next Fest demo I've ever played
Getting to know the Saints newest kicker Tanner Brown
Saints sign Kicker with a cannon from the UFL, Tanner Brown.
UNC Health seeks approval for new hospital in Asheville
The state-owned, nonprofit, academic health system is appealing a separate Certificate of Need decision awarding 95 beds to Mission.
Israel Is Likely to Continue Attacks in Lebanon, U.S. Intelligence Concludes
The new cease-fire between the United States and Iran calls for an end to fighting in Lebanon, but U.S. intelligence officials do not expect Israel to halt its strikes on Hezbollah.
Danielle Vinson talks local politics in The Post and Courier Greenville
The Post and Courier Greenville taps Furman's Vinson for her insights on nonpartisan elections and why County Council members pay the price for voter anger.
Danielle Vinson talks local politics in The Post and Courier Greeville
The Post and Courier Greenville taps Furman's Vinson for her insights on nonpartisan elections and why County Council members pay the price for voter anger.
Researchers found a Wordle strategy that wins 99% of the time
Researchers developed a Wordle-solving strategy that succeeds 99% of the time by focusing on information gain rather than likely answers. The method uses Shannon entropy to identify guesses that reveal the most about the hidden word. Each guess is designed to slash uncertainty and narrow the possibilities faster. The result significantly outperformed more traditional Wordle tactics.
Edenville General Store looks to expand entertainment offerings
Edenville General Store is looking to increase live music and other entertainment offerings with the addition of a new mobile outdoor stage. The approximately 2...
Danhausen Is WWE's Perfect Sports Entertainment Character
Danhausen's meteoric rise as WWE's newest cash cow has been a phenomenon you would have to see to believe.
Indian entertainment is structurally shifting: Anand Rathi
Omar Hinduja, Senior Analyst of Media and Entertainment at Anand Rathi, explains how India's entertainment landscape is rapidly developing - expanding its reach globally as it shifts to non-traditional media.
Sleep and light: the science behind Qantas' bet on 20-hour flights
Qantas Airways is betting that science can make the world's longest flights feel less punishing - unveiling plans for a "wellness zone," extra legroom, specially timed meals and animated lighting on its non-stop Sydney-London services due to launch next October.
Northwestern Medicine announces $35 million grant for new community health institute
Northwestern Medicine received a $35 million grant to launch a community health institute, it announced Tuesday. The grant, donated by the Schreiber Philanthropy foundation, will go toward the new John and Kathy Schreiber Community Health Institute. The institute will partner with nonprofit organizations and community-based providers to offer direct care to underinsured patients. It also...
The "dad bod," explained by science
The term is more than a cultural phenomenon.
South Tampa Chamber announces 2026 Business Award winners
South Tampa Chamber honored businesses, nonprofits and professionals during its 2026 Business Awards and named 13 winners.
Cook Political Report shifts 7 House races toward Democrats
The nonpartisan Cook Political Report (CPR) on Thursday moved seven House races toward Democrats, as the minority party looks to retake control of the lower chamber this November. Erin Covey,…
Sixpence none the richer
A flash update from Chicago regarding the near-misses Michael Elizondo has witnessed in person
Early-career scientists build national infrastructure to bridge science and policy
A new Special Report in the journal BioScience introduces the Scientist Network for Advancing Policy (SNAP), a student-led, nonpartisan, grassroots coalition founded in 2025 to empower early-career researchers ...
Kansas City’s Black-owned businesses court World Cup visitors with a new shopping guide
Kansas City G.I.F.T, a nonprofit focused on growing Black entrepreneurship, will distribute a guide in June that features 30 Black-owned businesses. The hope is that the World Cup, predicted to bring in more prospective shoppers than Kansas City has ever seen at once, jumpstarts long-term growth.
$25 million ‘anonymous’ gift to build multipurpose science facility at Vanderbilt University
Vanderbilt University said Wednesday that “anonymous” donors have given the school $25 million to build “a bold new hub of innovation and discovery.”
Who is 49ers most essential non-QB?
The 49ers have a lot of important players, none more essential than these two.
'None of this had to happen': Family says mental health system failed before triple killing
After three hospitalizations in four months, Chris Ferguson was released before allegedly killing three Newton residents. Now his family and advocates are pushing for changes to Massachusetts mental health laws.
The economy looks steady on paper. Small businesses see something else.
New data shows small business owners are struggling with uncertainty, which could signal a wider economic slowdown.
How a millennial built a thriving coffee business with $500
Brandon Sardi found success sharing the "non-glamorous side" of entrepreneurship — the 80-hour workweeks, slow sales days, and mistakes.
FTC Sues Nonprofit Alleging Deception Over Youth Trans Care
The US Federal Trade Commission and several states sued the leading professional association focused on transgender healthcare Wednesday, alleging the group deceived parents about the medical necessity and safety of medical transitions.
U.S.-Iran Agreement Includes Strait of Hormuz, Lebanon and More: See Full Text of the Deal
A senior U.S. official, speaking on condition of anonymity, disclosed what the official said was the full text of the deal between the two countries.
US FTC sues transgender health nonprofit over youth care standards
The U.S. Federal Trade Commission and four states accused a nonprofit focused on transgender health of making misleading statements about the benefits of gender-affirming treatments for young people in a lawsuit filed on Wednesday.
CLEVELAND MONSTERS UNIQUE PARTNERSHIPS AWARDED AT AHL TEAM BUSINESS…
The Cleveland Monsters are proud to announce the team’s front office received multiple awards at the 2026 American Hockey League Team Business Meetings,…
Governor Sherrill Secures SBA Economic Injury Disaster Assistance for Businesses and Nonprofits Affected by Belleville Fire
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE June 17, 2026 Governor Sherrill Secures SBA Economic Injury Disaster Assistance for Businesses and Nonprofits Affected by Belleville Fire Business Recovery Center Opened June 16 in Belleville TRENTON – Small businesses and private nonprofit organizations affected by the devastating May 3, 2026 fire in Belleville Township may now apply[...]
In Georgia’s Capitol, Republicans' redistricting session to begin without maps
Georgia is the next Southern state where Republicans are convening to redraw political districts in ways that could diminish the political power of Black and other nonwhite voters
Report: Vita Vea's non-participation in minicamp is "contract-related"
WHO Step-by-Step programme recognized as a promising innovation for mental health in humanitarian settings
WHO, in collaboration with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and Lebanon’s National Mental Health Programme, showcased Step-by-Step at the World Bank Group’s biennial Fragility Forum in Washington, DC. The forum convened more than 1500 representatives from governments, international organizations and civil society to advance the development agenda in the world’s most fragile and crisis-affected communities. WHO was invited to demonstrate Step-by-Step – a digital self-help intervention for depression, alongside innovations presented by Stanford University and Google. The World Bank Group selected Step-by-Step from among more than 50 innovations that they reviewed in the lead up to the Forum.About Step-by-StepStep-by-Step is a free digital tool developed by WHO in collaboration with Lebanon’s National Mental Health Programme and other partners, that helps people manage depression and anxiety on their own, with light guidance from a trained supporter. It uses a picture-based story to walk users through evidence-based techniques for managing common mental health conditions. Users complete five modules, with weekly contacts – of around 15 minutes each – from a trained non-specialist helper, such as a community health worker.Evidence-basedClinical trials in Lebanon involving nearly 1250 participants – including 680 Lebanese participants and 569 Syrian participants – showed that Step-by-Step significantly reduced depression, anxiety and stress, and improved daily functioning. By the end of the programme, a reduction in depressive symptoms of more than 50% was reported by almost half (46%) of Lebanese participants and more than one third (37%) of Syrian participants compared to approximately 14% of those who did not use the programme. Cost-effectiveness analyses further suggest that Step-by-Step may offer a cost-saving response to depression in humanitarian emergencies in low- and middle-income countries.Used globallyStep-by-Step is already in use nationwide in Lebanon and Thailand, as part of each country’s mental health system. In India, the NGO – Kaya Guides – has adapted Step-by-Step for delivery through a widely used messaging app. Together, these programmes have provided thousands of people with evidence-based support for depression. The content is freely available from the WHO website for any organization or country to adapt for their own context.A new implementation guideThe Fragility Forum coincided with the recent launch of WHO’s new practical guide: Psychological self-help interventions: delivering self-help for individuals, featuring Step-by-Step and Doing What Matters in Times of Stress (WHO, 2026). The guide is designed to help governments, health workers, organizations and planners bring evidence-based mental health support to more people, particularly in low-resource and crisis-affected settings.
Dems pick potential successor to DC's congressional delegate after decades-long incumbency
An at-large D.C. council member won the Democratic primary Tuesday for the district's non-voting House seat after Eleanor Holmes Norton's retirement.
Apple plans to change its Hide My Email privacy feature that could make it less effective
In the coming weeks, Apple will move anonymously generated emails addresses to a different domain.
Merchants of Doubt and the attacks on Extreme Event Attribution science
Last week, I attended a meeting at Columbia University on attribution science and climate law, hosted by the Sabin Center. It was a fantastic event, bringing together scientists and legal experts working at the intersection of extreme event attribution and climate law. Subscribe For those unfamiliar with it, extreme event attribution attempts to quantify the contribution of climate change to an extreme event. For example, several groups analyzed the impact of climate change on Hurricane Harvey’s enormous rainfall totals over Houston, Texas and they found that climate change increased rainfall by 15 to 38%. One thing that came up again and again was how terrified fossil-fuel interests are of extreme event attribution science. They are acutely aware that this research could land them in court. And losing those cases would leave them legally liable for billions of dollars in climate damages. Because the legal stakes are so high, the blowback has turned ugly. I spoke with several scientists at the meeting who are facing ongoing harassment over their work. This blowback is a coordinated campaign to make the entire field look suspect. The goal is to create the impression that attribution science is too uncertain, too political, or too conflicted to be useful in court or in public policy. The strategy is not based on actual science or evidence of misconduct, but on the generation of doubt. The new Merchants of Doubt We’ve seen this before. In fact, not that long ago: We only have to go back a year to the Department of Energy (DOE) Climate Working Group (CWG) report to see an example of using doubt as the tool to push back against well-established science. This strategy is laid out in an email from a member of the CWG, Dr. Roy Spencer, that was released during litigation over the Climate Working Group process. The key quote is: About all I can hope is that what we write will provide sufficient “reasonable scientific doubt” regarding the science claims in the 2009 TSD [technical support document], based upon almost 2 decades of new science, to call into question the original reasoning for the EPA Administrator’s decision that CO2 presents a threat to human health and welfare. This statement is strong evidence that at least some members of the committee were working to support a particular policy outcome: revoking the Endangerment Finding. The email also explains how they planned to do it: by attempting to generate “reasonable doubt”. This is going to be hard, Spencer implies. Despite falsely claiming that “2 decades of new science” weakens the case, Spencer explicitly acknowledges that the actual peer-reviewed science of climate change overwhelmingly rejects his position: But if the science argument is decided upon by a vote, or by the number of published citations, we lose the science argument. We can go back even further: This CWG email shares unmistakable DNA with the infamous 1969 tobacco memo that declared: “Doubt is our product, since it is the best means of competing with the ‘body of fact’ that exists in the mind of the general public. It is also the means of establishing a controversy.” The tobacco memo also acknowledges the limit of this strategy: Like the CWG, they knew the science was not on their side. Share The new new Merchants of Doubt The people attacking the IPCC chapter on extreme event attribution are the newest iteration of the Merchants of Doubt. Their goal, like all Merchants before them, is to introduce doubt into the process. Because the report is not even out yet, they cannot attack its conclusions. So they are attacking the authors instead. Here is a press release from the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee: In the letter, the Chairmen express concerns about potential conflicts of interest involving members of the Attribution Committee, stating that “publicly available information suggests a troubling pattern” in which committee members are affiliated with nonprofits that support climate accountability lawsuits, “raising the appearance of impropriety and member bias.” To be clear, this is just innuendo. There is no actual evidence of bias. And given the robust process that these reports go through, including multiple lines of peer review, it seems very unlikely that significant bias can survive into the report. When the report comes out, critics will have the opportunity to make legitimate criticisms of the report — if any exist. If none do, however, they’ll still make criticisms, but they’ll be bogus, simply designed to generate doubt. We’ll see. A note to the press: Fix your frame To any journalists reading this: The public debate over extreme event attribution science is not going away. The science is simply too dangerous to fossil-fuel interests for them to stop fighting it. You very well might be assigned to write an article about this area of research in the future. When you do, do not automatically adopt the framing that climate misinformers want you to use. They want you to frame the story around questions like: Are climate scientists trying to put their thumb on the scale to achieve a predetermined, politically motivated result? Are climate scientists improperly letting their politics invade the science of the IPCC? That frame is a trap. Instead, you need to view this through the historical lens of the Merchants of Doubt. How does the ecosystem of doubt operate? Who funds it? What methods do they use to misrepresent science and slime researchers? What scientific results are they trying to keep people from understanding are legitimate? Ultimately, you instead need to focus your article on the generation of doubt as a way to maintain the fossil fuel industry’s social and legal license to keep burning oil, gas, and coal. If you treat the misinformers’ frame as a legitimate, good-faith scientific critique, you are helping them produce doubt. Don’t do it. Don’t be a Merchant of Doubt. Thanks for reading The Climate Brink! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support our work. Subscribe other stuff The Staying Curious Substack has an interesting post about the different flavors of climate sensitivity. This is crucial information if you want to understand how scientists think about how much warming the Earth will experience. I’d be grateful if you could hit the like button ❤️ below! It helps more people discover these ideas and lets me know what’s connecting with readers.
HAAM hosts 5th annual healthcare pop-up event
A longtime Austin music nonprofit hosted a free event offering healthcare and wellness services to local musicians on Tuesday, following a major fundraising effort earlier this month.
European Union Releases Draft Sustainability Reporting Standards For U.S. Businesses
Europe's financial regulator is in the final stages of developing sustainability reporting standards for non-EU based businesses, with a vote on June 18.
Main Line Health’s Paoli Hospital will get a new, 108-bed patient tower in a major expansion
The Paoli project is part of an expansion wave at the four-hospital nonprofit health system.
Highest possible ambition: science-aligned fossil fuel phase-out…
This brief presents some timelines on what transitioning away from fossil fuels could look like at both the global and national level, building on the Highest Possible Ambition scenario released last year by Climate Analytics and PIK. Focusing on fossil fuel demand, this brief provides data on the…
Roundup of third-quarter financial results for Philly-area nonprofit health systems
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia was the most profitable nonprofit health system in Southeastern Pennsylvania during the nine months that ended March 31.
Who is Jennifer Siebel Newsom? First Partner and target of Newsom DOJ investigations
The DOJ probe appears to hone in on nonprofits connected to the First Partner.
A sickness to our politics
Daniel R. Suhr | How did we get to the point where violence by the left is just part of the news cycle?
More than 52K cast ballots in first 2 days of early voting in N.Y. primaries
Typically during the primary election season, especially in non-presidential years, voter turnout is low.
‘Trump has surrendered to Iran’: Some prominent GOP hawks fear Trump just caved
When President Donald Trump launched the Iran war in February, he risked alienating the non-interventionist base he had spent a decade cultivating.
5 most intriguing non-division games on the Cowboys schedule
What non-division game are you looking forward to the most?
Dana White called a UFC fighter’s Michelle Obama insult ‘nonsense.’ The White House isn’t commenting on it
Less than 24 hours after a UFC fighter used a highly publicized White House match to lob a false insult at former first lady Michelle Obama, Ultimate Fighting Championship CEO and President Dana White called it “nasty and false,” dismissing it as “nonsense.”
Juneteenth event to highlight mental health resources, history in Upper Burrell
Mental health struggles for Black Americans often go overlooked, according to the Rev. Vincent Ponder of Community Baptist Church in the Lincoln Beach section of Upper Burrell. It’s why he wants to bring more resources, awareness and education to his community. Community Revitalization Mission of Service, a Lincoln Beach-based nonprofit,
Supreme Court to decide if migrants detained for months must receive bond hearings
The Supreme Court on Monday agreed to decide if the government may hold noncitizens in detention for prolonged periods without a bond hearing, a case that could have significant implications for the Trump administration’s crackdown on immigration.
10 great nature books for kids
Pond life, tern migration, and the science of animal nests: Literacy experts share their favorite nonfiction children’s books about nature.
NY Essential Plan: What To Do If You Lose Health Care on July 1
Hundreds of thousands of New Yorkers enrolled in the state's Essential Plan will lose their health coverage soon. Here's what you need to know.
PAVS eyes $15–20M cash deal for women's activewear brand Jabanero
Non-binding LOI would see Paranovus pay $15–20M in cash for 100% of Jabanero, a women's activewear brand, as it expands into proprietary brands.
Paranovus Entertainment Technology Limited Signs Non-Binding Letter of Intent to Acquire Jabanero Inc.
NEW YORK, NY / ACCESS Newswire / June 15, 2026 / Paranovus Entertainment Technology Ltd. (NASDAQ:PAVS) ("PAVS" or the "Company"), a consumer products and digital commerce solutions company, today announced that it has entered into a non-binding Letter ...
How one millennial hit financial independence in three years
"The biggest factor by far, bar none, is the gap between your income and your expenses," says Cody Berman, who hit financial independence at age 25.
Community health screenings address obstacles to medical care
A local nonprofit has begun offering free clinics to screen vulnerable populations for potentially life-threatening conditions in Coastal Georgia.
PETA Helps Drive Historic NIH Shift Toward Humane Science
The new office aims to advance reliable and human-relevant non-animal science.
No country should have to build its digital health future alone – now none of them will
WHO/Europe and Healthcare Denmark have signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to accelerate cooperation on digital health, health data, artificial intelligence (AI) and health system innovation in the 53 countries of the WHO European Region.
MarketInk: Health Care Communicators honor Mission Valley nonprofit’s PR director
The 2026 Communicator of the Year Award went to Anne Slate, director of public relations for LifeSharing, a Mission Valley nonprofit.
The Knicks championship wasn't just a sports story
The New York Knicks won its first championship in 53 years on Saturday. This non-fanatic ruminates on the takeaways for all of us.
Me, worry? For US small businesses, Trump’s tariffs are now a non-issue
A year ago it was the hot topic, but business owners have seen there’s a limit to the president’s royal decrees
Things to do in Lancaster: explore and experiment at the Lancaster Science Factory
The Lancaster Science Factory, a nonprofit science center, continues to spark curiosity and creativity among children and families with its dynamic, hands-on approach to learning. Featuring more than 80 interactive
DA District 23: Incumbent Adam Panter, Mayor Daniel McClure clash over politics, experience
In Lincoln and Pottawatomie counties, incumbent DA Adam Panter faces a June 16, 2026, GOP primary challenge by McLoud Mayor Daniel McClure.
How Do PENN Entertainment's US$460 Million Property Bets Reframe Its Omni-Channel Strategy? (PENN)
PENN Entertainment has opened a new US$100 million, 203-room hotel tower at Hollywood Casino Columbus and is preparing to shift Hollywood Casino Aurora from its longtime riverboat site to a new US$360 million land-based complex opening on June 24, 2026, pending regulatory approvals. These twin property projects highlight PENN’s ongoing push to upgrade its brick-and-mortar footprint with larger gaming floors, upscale hotels, and expanded non-gaming amenities that could influence how its...
In Retrospect: Poland, Russia, Europe
In April I spent a few days with Zryw, a Polish non-profit organization that recruits young people to enter politics and public life. Their aim is to build a new generation of civic leaders in Poland. I’ve followed their evolution from the beginning; my son is one of the founders. (“Zryw” means “impulse” or “burst of speed” in Polish). Julie Chmielewska, one of Zryw’s leaders, interviewed me at the event. Here is the conversation, lightly edited for grammar and context: Julia Chmielewska: Assuming that culture shapes institutions, could we conclude that some cultures are more prone to authoritarianism? Anne Applebaum: I don’t think so. Every culture, every nation, and every country has the potential for change. When we look at history, we can see that nations do change. Poland has changed, for example, from the 1980s to today. There’s a completely different mentality here than the one I encountered when I first visited, in 1988. The current generation sees the world through a different frame. So no, I don’t believe that certain nations are doomed to authoritarianism, or to anything. Of course, there are political and cultural traditions, but they can always be challenged. JC: So do you think there’s something intrinsic in human nature that pushes people to democracy, freedom? AA: I think there is something in human nature, a deep instinct, that pushes people towards freedom, yes. People who live in authoritarian countries – and I’ve heard this from them over and over again – sooner or later find themselves angered by a feeling of helplessness. They can see the unfairness of crooked courts, irrational political decisions. They naturally dislike the fact that somebody has all the power while they have none. In those circumstances, people who have no political background at all sometimes are politicized just by that frustration. I’m thinking of Svetlana Tikhanovskaya, for example, who was a Belarusian housewife, until the circumstances of her husband’s arrest forced her to become a politician. I met a woman who is a Uyghur from China, and who had come to live in Turkey. After several of her family members were arrested, she too was propelled into a political role. These kinds of experiences make people interested in democracy or political reform, even if they thought they didn’t care. I also think that the opposite is true: some people instinctively prefer homogeneity, order, hierarchy. They don’t like the confrontation of opinions or the noise of debate, and they lean towards a single leader or a unified regime. I think that most of modern history is shaped by the clash between those two different sides of human nature. JC: Which force do you find more powerful today? AA: I think they both have a lot of power and there’s no way of predicting who wins. Even in countries that seem very shut off or stuck in an authoritarian system can change. We’ve seen that happen. And vice versa, I think democracies can also begin to fail and slide into authoritarianism. So it’s very important not to be complacent in either direction. JC: I want to go into your history and your experiences. You’ve lived in Russia during a time of incredible change in the late 80s, and then you came back to do research in post-Soviet Russia. AA: I was a student in Russia just before the collapse of the Soviet Union. I then traveled and worked there extensively in the 1990s, and I met people who really were full of hope. They hoped that Russia could become a democracy, or at least a place that guaranteed freedom of speech, freedom of the press. These weren’t ideas that came from Washington. Although now the narrative in the Kremlin is different, I met many people who were working towards exactly that kind of transformation. A friend of mine ran a series of seminars – once a year, and then later several times a year, in cities all over Russia – designed to get people to discuss politics in new ways. She invited young politicians and journalists, as well as foreigners. I went to many of them, in Moscow as well as Volgograd and Novosibirsk. Over two decades, hundreds of people came to these seminars, and all of them wanted Russia to be different. I remain convinced that many Russians still want Russia to be different. It’s just that the old system, in the form of Putin, a representative of that system, returned. The KGB reimposed their power. And this wasn’t because of something to do with culture, this was to do with money and politics, and who was in charge. JC: You’ve partially answered my question... I wanted to ask whether that excitement of the 1990s was an exception from the Russian historical norm which has been rather authoritarian? AA: Of course, if you look at the history of Russia since the 18th century, there have always been liberal groups, reformers and revolutionaries. There were the Decembrists, in the early 19th century, and the rural populists later on, who tried to organize the peasantry. A significant group of liberal Russians appeared at the turn of the 20th century, people like the father of the writer Vladimir Nabokov, who was a Russian politician before the revolution. These groups were small in number, but sometimes had a broader significance. The Russian dissident movement in the 1950s and 1960s actually invented the modern human rights movement. It was their idea to hold the leaders of the Soviet Union accountable for the language they used, to remind them of the treaties they had signed and the promised they had made. They created the Helsinki group, for example, that held Soviet leadership to the language of the Helsinki Treaty, which formally ended the Second World War and which contained guarantees of human rights, at least on paper. That idea spread to Eastern Europe, and similar tactics were used here in Poland. (Benjamin Nathans recently wrote a great book about the Soviet dissidents, To the Success of Our Hopeless Cause) JC: But seemingly, even if they do ever get power, they could never hold on to it. AA: We don’t know, because they have never really had power. But in any case, we also don’t know what will happen in the future. There is no reason to assume that Russia will forever be condemned to totalitarianism. Even during the first fifteen years of Putin’s regime there was some form of democratic politics. Only when the full-scale war began did he bring everything to an end: he shut down all remaining independent organizations and killed his most important opponent, Alexi Navalny. But does that mean he is popular, that he enjoys legitimacy? Even now, we don’t really know what Russians think about him, or about the war. There is no way of doing real polling in Russia because nobody will answer an independent pollster over the phone. JC: Do you think that the flock of young people, especially young men, who fled Russia after the start of the war represent a continuation of liberal movements that refuse to partake in the authoritarian state, or do you think they are moving for the sake of self-preservation – “I don’t want to go to the army, so I leave”? AA: I’m sure it’s both. I actually know many people who left Russia for political reasons either in the very last years before the war, or else just after the war began. JC: And do you see a change in the young generation versus the old one that have fled? AA: It’s hard for me to say because the people who I know were mostly already politicized. I do know some younger people who left, but most of them were already either active in the opposition, or working as journalists. Many of them very self-consciously think of themselves as maintaining Russian culture abroad, just as in the 20th century the Soviet dissidents or the anti-communist White Russians once thought of themselves as people who maintained the true Russian culture, outside of Bolshevik Russia. JC: Let’s move on to Poland. One of your first experiences with Poland was reporting on Margaret Thatcher’s first state visit, in the autumn of 1988. You followed her around the farmers’ market. AA: She was making a symbolic gesture. She wanted to welcome free markets, but the only one she could really visit was the farmers’ market at Hala Mirowska. JC: And I want to talk about this area because today you can look out of any window in that district, Mirów, and see rows and rows of skyscrapers. How does it feel to see a country built from the ground in such a short time, both politically and economically? AA: You know, when you’re living in a period of dramatic change, it’s always hard to know whether the change is positive or negative. The transformation in Poland created winners and losers, as well as new classes of people, new political movements of different kinds. At the time, it sometimes just felt like turbulence. Now, we can look back at the 1990s and early 2000s in Poland and see in retrospect that the country was headed in towards prosperity and European integration. In around 2009 or 2010, I remember speaking to a woman who worked cleaning government offices, and who asked me if her daughter should study in Amsterdam or in London. This seemed to me to be a real transformation, and it happened very fast: within a few years, Poles stopped feeling like second-class Europeans, and a generation of younger Poles appeared who had no qualms about crossing borders. JC: We again live in turbulent times. Do you think we’re heading towards positive outcomes? AA: I can’t make predictions, because everything that happens tomorrow depends on what people do today. Also, history doesn’t have a trajectory. It doesn’t move in a particular direction. You only think it does afterwards. As I said, you can look afterwards at Poland in the 1990s and you could say this was a period of great progress. But not everybody at the time saw that. Sometimes people are very wrong about a given country’s trajectory. I remember people writing about Ukraine in the 1990s, about how dangerous it was that Ukraine was independent, that this was going to be an anti-semitic state, that Ukrainian nationalism was going to come back... and although you can say many bad things about Ukraine, the country made many bad choices, actually it became a pretty tolerant state which now has a Jewish president and until recently a Muslim defense minister. JC: In the 1990s Poland’s and Ukraine’s GDP were roughly similar. Ukraine was even a bit richer. So the starting point was similar for both of these countries, but they’ve turned out very, very differently. Even if we stop in 2014. Why do you think Ukraine “chose East”? Was it external influence? AA: No, I think Ukraine was in a different position. First of all, central and eastern Ukraine had been part of the Soviet Union since the 1920s, and had therefore experienced a longer period of occupation, repression, Sovietization and even Russification. Ukraine did not have, as Poland did, an alternative elite: a large cadre of economists and politicians, who already had some experience in opposition politics and in independent thinking. In Poland, the transformative finance minister, Leszek Balcerowicz, had already thought about how an economy might be decentralized before he took office. We can argue about how successful he was, but at least he was prepared to try something new. In Ukraine, people weren’t prepared. For one, there hadn’t been much space even for an illegal opposition in the previous couple of decades. Ukraine was also in many ways still emerging from colonial occupation. For the previous couple of centuries, many of the most capable Ukrainians had moved to Russia, and the first generation of leaders in independent Ukraine tended to be former Soviet apparatchiks. They didn’t immediately seek to become closer to western Europe. Instead, they looked for some kind of economic and political “third way” and an accomodation with Russia. Ukraine became stuck in this position, half-in, half-out and became pretty profoundly corrupt. JC: The Polish alternative elite had a vision of where they wanted the country to go. I think the general perception now is that this vision ends with the next election, right? Is this a natural process of gaining power? AA: Their vision, and it was shared by the time by politicians who now call themselves both left and right, was that Poland should join the EU and NATO, as fast as possible. My husband (Radek Sikorski) was in the very first government that said it wanted to join NATO. At the time this was taken very badly in Washington: the demand for NATO membership absolutely came from Poland, not from the US. But even then, in the early 1990s, many Poles already understood that the Russian sphere of influence would grow once again, that it was important to become part of the transatlantic alliance and an integrated Europe as fast as possible: NATO, the EU, the Council of Europe, all of the trading and security alliances. That consensus lasted through several different governments and over many years, even governments containing former communists. For twenty years, right, left and center disagreed about many things, but they all agreed on the direction that the country should go. In retrospect, that consensus created the basis for prosperity in Poland. JC: And regarding the Polish-Ukrainian relations. We know that antagonisms, e.g. the myth of Wołyń [a massacre of Poles that took place in what is now Western Ukraine, in 1943] are increasingly used in Polish political discourse today. In Ukraine, nationalist historians make heroes out of UPA, the Ukrainian revolutionary army, which is held responsible for this tragedy. Where do you see a start for burying the hatchet? Is the reconciliation of our nations possible? AA: So here’s a strange thing: For more than a decade after they both gained independence, Poland and Ukraine participated in a number of projects that were designed to solve exactly these kinds of Polish-Ukrainian differences. Books were published that were jointly written by Polish and Ukrainian historians, monuments were built. These projects were successful: If you’d asked me this question in 2010, I would have said that there are no real historical issues between Poland and Ukraine, that the two countries had mostly reconciled. For a number of reasons, this began to shift. In Poland, children and grandchildren of victims of the Wołyń massacre felt their tragedy hadn’t been fully recognized. In Ukraine, nationalist groups wanted the UPA partisans who had fought against the Soviet Union recognized for their heroism, despite the fact that some in this broad and not well-defined group were also linked to Wołyń. In both eastern Poland and western Ukraine, the memory of the ethnic cleansing that took place there in the late 1940s - Poles were moved West, Ukrainians East - to accomodate new borders has left feelings of displacement and bitterness. The wave of Ukrainian immigration, which started before the war, may have provoked some of this. But don’t underestimate the role played by Russia, which has always wanted to create discord between Poland and Ukraine, and pumps out propaganda to that effect in both countries. Vandalism on both sides of the border, damage done to cemeteries and monuments, is sometimes carried out by provacateurs working for Russia, just to create bad feelings. The Polish-Ukrainian conflict also hides a different reality: although there are real grievances and bad memories, the truth is that the biggest tragedies both nations experienced in the twentieth century were inflicted by the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. That should unite these two countries, not divide them. JC: This week (19.04.2026 – Ed.) in Hungary we saw that using historical narratives to create grievance has no longer worked. Are you optimistic about the direction after Orban’s loss? AA: The Hungarian election was really important because it shows that people can actually resist powerful, dominant propaganda. The ruling party Fidesz controlled all of the TV, 90% of the newspapers, the constitutional court, the bureaucracy... and yet people had the nerve to vote against it and resist it. It’s also an important election because Hungary created a huge network of well-funded think tanks and foundations that were funding other far right groups and projects. So that loss is going to have a knock-on effect in other places too, maybe even in Poland. JC: What you’ve said about resisting propaganda reminds me of one of the interviews you did about talking to Russians in the post-Soviet era who claimed that people knew that the system was lying. Why do people choose to believe in these regimes anyway? AA: Because it’s useful. Stephen Kotkin, an American historian, once described how people would learn how to “speak Bolshevik”: It was just a language that you needed to use in order to get by in society. If you didn’t talk the way the regime wanted you to talk, then you might have problems, or lose your job, or your kids would not get into university. It was a way of getting along. Communist Poland was similar, at least in the early years. When I was writing a book about the Sovietization of Eastern Europe after World War II, I met a lot of people who wanted to talk a lot about the war, when many of them had done really heroic things. But almost nobody wanted to talk about the decade afterwards, between 1945 and 1956. This was when you had the short period of terror, violence and Polish Stalinism. To stay safe, people felt the need to just go along with what others were saying, or stay out of politics, or use communist jargon without necessarily believing it. I don’t judge them for it, and I wouldn’t describe all of those people as collaborators. It’s easy to feel moral certainty in retrospect, because we know that communism ended. But if you were living in 1949, it might not have been clear to you that communism was going to end. In very repressive societies, maybe about 10% of people who are really evil – collaborators, torturers. Maybe 10% of people are really brave and who find ways to resist. And then around 80% of people have kids, they have parents, they have to have jobs and they’ve had to get through it somehow. Strange though it may sound, I’ve found that the work I did on that book is now very useful in explaining some of what’s going on in the United States today. There are plenty of members of the Republican Party in Congress who know perfectly well that Donald Trump says many things that aren’t true. But they avoid criticizing him because it’s inconvenient, because they would get in trouble, because someone would attack them on the internet. So actually you don’t even need mass terror to get people to conform. JC: Is Gen Z reinventing agency? AA: We’ll see. In any generation you can find groups of people who want agency. If you live in a society that’s unfair, for example where a tiny number of people have captured most of the wealth, then at a certain point people rebel. This is always easier for younger people, who have you have less to lose. The question now is how the internet will affect the relationships between citizens and the state, and how it will change organizations. The “Twitter revolutions” people spoke about as early as 2008-9, mass protests organized online, have often proved to be very superficial. Although you can easily join something just by clicking, the work of creating a real movement requires physical participation. Successful mass movements of the past, for example the Civil Rights movement in the United States, were built by people who had spent many years together. They had participated in non-violent workshops together. They practiced and prepared. Just using the you can get everybody to show up at a certain moment, but then when the protest is broken up, nothing happens. It’s also true that the repressive regimes have more recently learned how to use the internet to undermine leaders and movements. Most of all, they now understand how to make people cynical. The form of propaganda that most modern authoritarians use - and I think the Russians really pioneered this - deploys sneering cynicism. Instead of praising the rulers, the regime propagandists mock the opposition movement leadership for being supposedly corrupt or sexually degenerate, with the goal of undermining any kind of idealism. JC: MAGA grew on the internet? AA: MAGA is a real grassroots movement. They had symbols, red hats, they showed up at rallies. But you’re right that the cynicism, the sarcasm and the distrust that the movement embodies came originally from the internet, and this is different. Fifty years ago, most European political parties had a social base in real organizations, in trade unions for Social Democrats, in church groups for Christian Democrats. As people stopped going to church and as the trade unions became smaller, the social base of these parties disappeared. Now people who wouldn’t have known one another in the past meet on the internet and create new movements, many of which don’t last. JC: Is history ending? Going in stale circles? AA: History never ends. In truth, human beings want contradictory things at the same time: order and freedom, stability and change. These things are never resolved, and when a society swings too far in one direction, people always push it the other way. But each time that happens, the result is different. Certainly it is true that we are now in a period when old philosophers and ideas from the 1930s are undergoing a revival. Carl Schmitt, who was a philosopher who was very influential on the Nazis, is back as an influence on both the far left and the far right, once again inspiring people to think that all politics has to be existential, that all politics is about defining and defeating enemies. In the US, some are also bringing back dominionism, the idea that we need a Christian and not a secular state. It’s also true that we are living through a more fundamental shift. The old left-right divide, which was mostly about the size of the state, is much less important now. Instead, we are arguing about more fundamental things: what are our rights, what protects our freedom. Or how much power do we want to give small elites, versus how much power to give ordinary people. In America a small group of very wealthy people now control information, because they control the social media platforms and AI, which means they determine what people will read and learn. Finding a way to preserve preserve zones of autonomy and independent thinking, this is going to be the main task for the next generation. JC: What is the one book that a person interested in Central Europe should read? AA: You could read my book “Iron Curtain: the Crushing of Eastern Europe” which tells the story of how the Soviet Union imposed its culture on the region. Or read Tim Snyder’s history of the region, “The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus 1569-1999.” And everyone should read “The Captive Mind” by Czesław Miłosz, which describes exactly the phenomenon we were talking about: why do people collaborate? I joined Scott Galloway and the brilliant Fiona Hill in a discussion about the wars in Ukraine and Iran, the future of global power, and what these conflicts reveal about America's role in the world. Scott told us that this was the 400th edition of his podcast, which is quite a number: My friend Francesco Chiamulera runs a brilliant series of literary events, Una Colline di Libri, A Hill of Books, in the Prosecco Hills, a region of vineyards and elegant hill towns in the Veneto, north of Venice. We did an event in Vittorio Veneto and also drove and biked around the countryside. Buy Autocracy Inc Buy Iron Curtain Open Letters, from Anne Applebaum is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Subscribe
20 Nations Strengthen Regional Crisis Response at Indo-Pacific Health Security Summit in Malaysia
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Judge rules Trump can stage UFC fights on White House's South Lawn this weekend
The nonprofit Public Integrity Project had sued to challenge Trump's UFC Freedom 250 event
Judge rules Trump can stage UFC fights on White House's South Lawn this weekend
The nonprofit Public Integrity Project had sued to challenge Trump's UFC Freedom 250 event
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