SCROLL NEWS / DISCOVERY
Search headlines
Find the stories shaping the conversation.
Results for " major " 6,138 found 🔀 AI-powered Shuffle
Why businesses may need to rethink how they plan
According to Axios, we have entered a new era of “post-processable velocity,” where the pace of technological and AI-driven change is faster than individuals, companies, markets and governments can fully absorb, understand or respond to in real time. The major shift is from information moving faster than humans can process to capabilities changing faster than […]
As Sky-High Health Care Costs Top Voter Concerns, Families USA’s Stop the Bleed: Cut Costs, Not Care Campaign Gains Nationwide Momentum
SEIU, MomsRising, Community Change, Popular Democracy, Main Street Alliance, Small Business Majority, and Others Join Effort to Rein in High Health Care Costs WASHINGTON, D.C. — Families USA announced today that its Stop the Bleed: Cut Costs, Not Care campaign is now officially active in all 50 states. Launched in January, Stop the Bleed is […]
Sean Murray reflects on 10 years of No Man's Sky, its future, and why Hello Games' "redemption arc" narrative "isn't really the story" of the developer
When Hello Games ended its trailer for No Man's Sky's first major update with three little words - "Our journey continu…
Predicting the top 5 franchises in all 4 major sports leagues over the next 50 years
Who will be the best team in every league over the next 50 years?
Designing Direct-to-Government Assistance: Three Case Studies in Global Health Financing
In September 2025, the US State Department released the America First Global Health Strategy, announcing a major shift in how the United States programs foreign assistance in one of its largest sectors, representing over $13 billion in FY 2024. Global health dollars, the strategy states, will now flow primarily to foreign governments, not to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), as has been the case in recent decades. The Department has sought to advance this strategy by signing non-binding, multi-year memoranda of understanding (MOUs) with dozens of its largest aid recipients. While officials acknowledge that there will be real challenges to providing direct assistance in the near term, the explicit goal of these MOUs is to transition from donor-driven systems to partner government-led implementation.
College of Health and Human Development names summer 2026 college marshal
Elise Mitchell, a nutritional sciences major, will be the college marshal for the Penn State College of Health and Human Development summer 2026 commencement ceremony.
Risk of patient safety 'bonfire' with Health Bill changes, Lib Dems say
The party says the government's plans to modernise the NHS risk another major hospital scandal.
6 things you didn’t know about federal healthcare fraudbusters
One major operation is largely camouflaged—in fact it’s effectively out of sight—but it’s a prime mover in the Trump administration’s ongoing crackdown on healthcare fraud.
At colleges, the AI boom means everyone wants to dabble in computer science
Hiring for entry-level software developers has slowed, and college enrollment in computer science is declining. However, interest in artificial intelligence is growing among students from non-tech majors. Schools like VCU
Vice President Vance says migrant communities show 'clear pattern' in federal fraud as investigations widen
JD Vance reveals $230 billion in fraud uncovered since Trump took office and explains why recouping stolen federal funds remains a major challenge.
Fort Wayne Railroad Historical Society celebrates business car acquisition, progress on Pleasant Lake Railyard
The Fort Wayne Railroad Historical Society is marking two major milestones.
49ers’ Kyle Shanahan makes Mike Evans guarantee amid injury absence
Mike Evans is dealing with a quad injury during training camp, but Kyle Shanahan still sees him playing a major role in the 49ers' offense.
California Politics 360 full episode | CA Forever asks lawmakers to help move project forward
The backers of a new proposed town called California Forever are asking lawmakers to cut regulations to attract a major business to the area to help with development.
Patriots Forced Into Major Gillette Stadium Change Before Preseason Opener
The New England Patriots are installing new turf at Gillette Stadium after the initial surface failed NFL testing before Thursday’s Colts game.
UW-Eau Claire student’s self-advocacy brings accessible microscope to science lab
Nursing major with low vision pushed for change — and her whole class is benefiting
Apple TV vs. Fire TV vs. Google TV vs. Roku: Every Major Smart TV Platform Compared
Most TVs are smart, but what does that mean? I examine the smart TV software platforms in use today to help you determine which one offers the content and features you want.
Group urges Democrats to woo moderate voters with populist policies
A progressive group says messages that target the wealthy and large corporations appeal to a majority of Americans who see the economy as fundamentally rigged.
After years of scrutiny, new leadership says CT hospital ‘is back’
“My sense is that they seem to know what needs to be done,” he told the Courant after the tour. “I think Trinity needs to make major investments within the institution and they need more physician and speciality services
Chad Greenway Doesn’t Hold Back on Vikings’ Jake Golday
Minnesota Vikings linebacker Jake Golday is earning major praise and could be a young player who can make an impact in his first NFL season. In the offseason, the Vikings used their second-round pick on Golday, and that decision might be paying off soon.Last season for the Cincinnati Bearcats, Golday earned an 82.4 overall PFF defensive grade while […] The post Chad Greenway Doesn’t Hold Back on Vikings’ Jake Golday appeared first on HEAVY.
‘It’s impactful’: Seattle Sports fans see a bright future at stadium gatherings
Two major sports events took place in Seattle on Saturday. The Super Bowl-winning Seahawks held their Fan Fest, and the Mariners celebrated 50 years of Seattle baseball as the team hosted the Tampa Bay Rays.
UCLA’s Bob Chesney Receiving Major Curt Cignetti Comparison
UCLA football head coach Bob Chesney was put in rarified air, getting compared to legendary Indiana coach Curt Cignetti. The post UCLA’s Bob Chesney Receiving Major Curt Cignetti Comparison appeared first on LA Sports Report.
Dorsey reunion highlights champions of past, players of the present
Former Dons, including longtime football coach Paul Knox and former major league Don Buford take part in the inaugural event.
Dodgers’ Shohei Ohtani takes major step in return to mound
The two-way star hasn't pitched in a game since July 3.
5 College Football Teams Ready to Bounce Back in 2026
After disappointing seasons, these five programs enter 2026 with legitimate reasons to believe things could look much different. From coaching changes to major transfers, each has a path toward a big turnaround. Florida Florida might be one of the most interesting bounce-back teams after hiring Jon Sumrall as its new head coach. Sumrall brings a…
3 Audio Brands You Might Not Realize Are Owned By Bose
Bose owns more than its own speakers and headphones. Here are three premium audio brands now under its umbrella following a major acquisition.
Local organizations put on family-friend science fest Saturday
Woods Hole Science Stroll was held Saturday. Family-friendly activities were put on by Woods Hole's six major science institutions and others.
Tommy John misses Old-Timers' Day to continue cancer treatment
NEW YORK – Tommy John, whose Major League pitching career was extended by a revolutionary elbow procedure that now carries his name, penned an emotional statement addressing the Yankees and their fans ahead of Saturday’s Old-Timers’ Day festivities at Yankee Stadium. “I want to thank the Yankees organization and the
New Science Maps Asia’s Shark And Ray Hotspots And Exposes Major Conservation Gaps
Scientists mapped 122 Important Shark and Ray Areas across Asia covering ~1 million km², revealing that while these habitats support 121 species (many threatened), over 94% of them still fall outside marine protected areas.
Saturday Sports: Congress' plan for college sports; the Red Sox; Venus and Serena
NPR's Scott Simon and sportswriter Howard Bryant discuss Congress' plan to "protect" college sports and the hottest team in Major League Baseball.
Wirth downplays Social Security disaster talk
Forty-five years ago this week: “As time goes on,” said Democratic U.S. Rep. Tim Wirth, of the 2nd Congressional District, “we are finding that the safety net, which was proposed earlier this year, has some very large holes in it,” referring to a recently debated Social Security policy change. Wirth had joined with the majority […]
The 5 daughters of Africa’s richest men: Inside the corporate power and business of the Dangote and Rupert heiresses
Across Africa’s most influential billionaire dynasties, a new generation of women is stepping into major business roles
Teachers and other state employees brace for possible health insurance increase
In what was a historic year for education funding in Oklahoma, lawmakers didn’t seem to prepare for a major insurance cost increase set to hit next year.
Giants' Trent Harris: Selected to majors
Giants' Trent Harris: Selected to majors
Blue Jays' Brett Bateman: Making major-league debut Friday
Blue Jays' Brett Bateman: Making major-league debut Friday
Test your pop culture: From Hollywood to the Heartland
From Mediterranean bikini getaways to major career moves, see how well you know the stars making entertainment headlines this week.
UVA School of Data Science launches assured enrollment program for 2026-2027 academic year
UVA School of Data Science has launched a new pilot program designed to reduce the application burden on students interested in the data science major.
Mississippi Senate race highlights shifting map as Democrats and Republicans battle for majority
Mississippi does not top the list of hotly contested U.S. Senate races this fall
Pokémon's Newest DLC Still Falls Short of Palworld In One Major Way
At least my Pals care enough to help
Are the allegations against Miller a catch-22 for majority-focused Republicans?
Claims of domestic violence have some in the GOP worried about a ‘Platner on steroids’ scenario
Northwest Indiana school district eliminates school buses, some sports and clubs after funding cuts
A school district in Northwest Indiana said it will eliminate all school bus transportation and cut sports and clubs for grades K-8 to address a deficit caused by decreased funding from major property tax cuts.
Growing the Game Has Never Felt More Meaningful
Fast-forward almost 30 years, and here I am playing a major role in influencing the next generation of golfers: Being named a national ambassador for Youth on Course. From that gritty Leisure Time course to playing some of the top-ranked golf courses in the country, working alongside the top golf coaches in the world, and even hitting balls next to Tiger Woods and his son Charlie (seriously, here's proof!), this sport has opened so many doors for me. Just like I did nearly 30 years ago with my dad and Uncle Chris, I can create experiences that, hopefully, stick with them for the rest of their lives, too.
Senate passes Russia sanctions bill named in honor of the late Sen. Lindsey Graham
The Senate on Friday passed a major Russia sanctions bill, named for the late Sen. Lindsey Graham, who played a key role in the painstaking negotiations over the legislation that lasted over a year.
NC House GOP leader blasts State Health Plan’s new network. Others have concerns
NC lawmakers are “alarmed” by the new network, Majority Leader Brenden Jones says.
Boilermaker Business: Realizing I Have Something To Offer At Purdue Daniels
Anisha Nanda is a senior at the Mitch Daniels School of Business at Purdue University, majoring in Marketing and Business Analytics and Information Management (BAIM)
Lindsey Buckingham reveals where he and Stevie Nicks stand after longtime feud
Lindsey Buckingham is sharing a major update on his and Stevie Nicks’ relationship after their years-long drama.
Microsoft’s Efforts In Making Windows 11 More Efficient Isn’t Just Due To The DRAM Shortage; Analyst Believes MacBook Neo Played A Pivotal Role In This Decision
Microsoft’s RAM optimization push for Windows 11 isn't just about DRAM costs as analyst points to Apple’s budget MacBook Neo as a major catalyst
Bond 2025 Project Update: Career & Technical Education (CTE) Center and Environmental Science Center (ESC)
The district is advancing planning and scheduling for the upcoming major capital projects.
Caltrans I-580 Truck Ban Study Finds Modest Health Gains, Major Traffic Shifts
Trucks haven’t been allowed to drive on Interstate 580 since the 1950s. Caltrans is now exploring the impact of lifting the ban.
The midterms are taking shape. So are the problems
After a major primary day this week in Michigan and other states, the battle for the House and Senate in the 2026 midterms has largely taken shape.
With their assault on science, Trumpists aren’t just harming America
The administration is subjugating science to political imperatives, a major blow to US soft power and technological progress
Socialism Has No Place In Either Of Our Major Political Parties
Who could have imagined that a failed, tyrannical, blood-soaked ideology could, in new garb, achieve new life in the U.S.?
Flyers Make Major Announcement on Second Year NHL Winger
The Philadelphia Flyers took a huge leap forward in 2025/26 in their first season under Head Coach Rick Tocchet, and after a series win in the Stanley Cup Playoffs, they’re hoping to take another step in 2026/27 with this young, ascending core.As evidenced by their moves this off-season, the team are still seeking that young […] The post Flyers Make Major Announcement on Second Year NHL Winger appeared first on HEAVY.
Alibaba plans to charge big users of its next open-source AI model, sources say
Chinese technology giant Alibaba plans to ask major users of the next version of its Qwen open-source AI model for a share of revenue they make from the hotly anticipated offering, according to two people familiar with the company's plans.
$250M downtown Louisville sports entertainment district one step closer to reality
A major $250 million investment in downtown Louisville is one step closer to reality.
$250M downtown Louisville sports entertainment district one step closer to reality
A major $250 million investment in downtown Louisville is one step closer to reality.
Icons America eyes major expansion that could add hundreds of manufacturing jobs in Gaston County
Scott Lingren, new CEO of Icons America, plans to expand the cosmetics packaging manufacturer's facility in Gaston County and add hundreds of jobs over the next five years.
OpenAI makes major upgrades for free and paid ChatGPT users
The upgrades will help both paid and free users.
Google Chrome slowly starts rolling out updated navigation bar with Gemini button on Android [Gallery]
Google Chrome is testing a pretty major new redesign on mobile devices – Android and iPhone – which has dual...
How Memphis voters feel now after Tennessee split up its majority-Black district
Memphis voters say they’re frustrated with what they felt was a bald move by the Republican-controlled Legislature to eliminate Tennessee’s only Democratic representative in Congress and dilute the will of the majority-Black city.
Ghost Recon Wildlands: Last Rites – A Major Free Update Powered by Community Feedback and Player Insights
Ghost Recon Wildlands: Last Rites is a major free update out now for XBOX Series X|S. Learn about how it was developed with the player community.
Aaron Judge's Bold Claim Doesn't Remove Yankees Concerns
The New York Yankees still have major concerns in spite of Aaron Judge's bold declaration.
VA accelerates electronic health record rollout
After years of delays, the Department of Veterans Affairs says its federal electronic health record (EHR) program is now firmly back on track. VA Secretary Douglas Collins has accelerated the program with a renewed goal: full deployment across all VA medical centers by 2031. A major governance overhaul, replacing multiple competing councils with a single decision-making body, has cut through bureaucratic delays and allowed the VA to move faster and more consistently. Deputy Secretary Paul Lawrence has taken a hands-on role, including visiting deployment sites and holding daily meetings with Oracle Health to ensure front-line clinicians have what they need. Here’s how the rollout is going, according to the VA: The federal EHR has only experienced four outages since December 2025. The system has gone nearly two consecutive years without a major incident. It is currently live at six sites, supporting care for over 188,000 veterans. The system creates a lifelong medical record, integrating data across the VA, the Department of Defense and private community providers. With the first new deployments underway and four Michigan medical centers already live in 2026, the VA is entering its first true expansion phase since the program’s reset. Officials say the system’s improved stability, streamlined governance and standardized national workflows have cleared the obstacles that once stalled progress. With 13 sites scheduled for deployment in 2026 and a market‑based rollout strategy guiding future waves, the department believes it’s finally positioned to move at scale toward a modern, fully interoperable EHR, advancing steadily toward its goal of reaching every VA medical center in five years.
How big is the US Postal Service? Among the largest in business or government
The U.S. Postal Service is one of America's largest employers and retail networks. Here's how its workforce, revenue, and reach compare with major companies.
Your blood pressure cuff may expose your health data
FTC cases reveal major health apps disclosed blood pressure and glucose data to advertising and analytics companies without users realizing it.
CAAP Senegal: Strengthening Coalition to Advance Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health
Since 2024, Amref Health West Africa has coordinated Senegal’s PMNCH-supported CAAP through an existing national committee, strengthening a sustainable platform for SRMNCAH advocacy. In April 2026, expanded membership and a new working group marked a major step toward a single national platform to align advocacy, improve budget tracking, counter misinformation and advance domestic financing for women, children and adolescents.
BP to sell landfill RNG business Archaea Energy
The energy major announced it’s marketing Archaea amid a strategic pivot to streamline its business. BP’s $4.1 billion acquisition of Archaea four years ago stands as a high water mark in the RNG industry.
What an Abdul El-Sayed win means for Muslim voters
The mayor of Dearborn, a majority-Arab American city in Michigan, says his community feels hope, once again.
Were the primaries a preview for consequential general election?
Colorado’s political future will go the way of this election. Historically, the state has not had both chambers controlled by a supermajority. This election may change that. The primaries suggest how the general election may play out. Democrats had solid voter turnout and unaffiliated voters leaned toward Dems. The party pulled in 404,132 unaffiliateds to […]
Lodi science museum expansion to include classrooms, hotel, and plaza
The World of Wonders Science Museum in Lodi is advancing plans for a major expansion, adding classrooms, a science-themed hotel, and more to improve science education and attract visitors.
Leader of Myanmar's military-backed government arrives in Thailand seeking political legitimacy
BANGKOK (AP) — The head of Myanmar’s military-backed government arrived in Thailand on Thursday for an official visit that could serve as a major stepping stone in his effort to win political legitimacy more than five years after seizing power from an elected civilian government.
Federal hemp ban: What Twin Cities businesses stand to lose
Hemp businesses in Minnesota are bracing for major changes as a federal ban on intoxicating hemp products looms.
Most detailed images ever taken of sun's surface revealed: "Major step forward"
Yankees’ Aaron Judge gives significant injury update
The Yankee captain gives a major update when speaking to the media.
Major Minnesota political candidates make Farmfest appearance
El-Sayed gives progressives another victory and a new challenge
In Michigan’s primaries, the most progressive candidates won out, extending their movement into the Rust Belt and setting up a major test in November.
New England Patriots Land Bold Prediction Ahead of 2026 Season
The New England Patriots have landed a major prediction ahead of the 2026 season.
Sanofi suspends chronic lung disease phase 2 study, tied to ‘strategic business reasons’
Sanofi halted a phase 2 trial testing a monoclonal antibody, SAR445399, in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, Fierce Biotech has learned. The trial, which began only back in April, was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to measure the reduction in mucus plug score following treatment with SAR445399 compared with placebo in adults aged 18 to 80 years with NCFB, a chronic lung disease. The trial was officially reported as halted on July 29, the day before Sanofi’s second-quarter earnings call. The decision to pause the trial was made “as part of a company-wide portfolio review for strategic business reasons,” and not due to safety concerns, a Sanofi spokesperson told Fierce. The move to pause the NCFB trial comes during a trying time for Sanofi following a year filled with a series of trial fails. In February, the French pharma ousted CEO Paul Hudson and appointed Merck KGaA leader Belén Garijo, M.D., Ph.D., to steer the ship. Since then, Garijo has been doing a deep dive on correcting the company’s strewn R&D and clinical strategies. On July 24, Sanofi scrapped amlitelimab for atopic dermatitis, despite its lore as being a potential $5 billion blockbuster. During its second-quarter report, the company abandoned two more assets, balinatunfib and itepekimab, following failed trial results in psoriasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respectively. SAR445399, only first revealed by Sanofi in 2023, is an anti-interleukin-1 receptor 3 monoclonal antibody developed to block the interleukin 1, 33, and 36 cytokine pathways. These pathways can be important in chronic immune-related dermatologic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and hidradenitis suppurativa, as well as respiratory conditions, such as NCFB. Related Sanofi’s new CEO ‘looking deeply’ at late-stage pipeline as clinical clearout continues NCFB affects roughly half a million people in the U.S., with a global incidence of greater than one million cases. In August 2025, Insmed received FDA approval for Brinsupri, a DPP1 inhibitor targeting neutrophil activation, for treatment of NCFB in adults and kids ages 12 and older. The British biotech Infex Therapeutics showed promising NCFB phase 2a data using their monoclonal antibody, INFEX702, which acts by disabling Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacteria known to be a major pathogen of NCFB. Sanofi is currently running a separate phase 2 study testing SAR445399 as a potential treatment for the inflammatory skin condition hidradenitis suppurativa.
HOK-Designed Interdisciplinary Science Building Breaks Ground at Montclair State University
Montclair State University broke ground on an HOK-designed Interdisciplinary Science Building, marking a major investment in STEM education and research.
House GOP anxiety spikes as scandals pile up in critical battleground seats
A series of serious allegations against GOP congressmen in key House districts have rattled party insiders this week, fueling Republicans’ anxiety that they could lose seats once considered mostly safe and further endanger their majority.
Beast Of Reincarnation Dev Outlines Five Improvements Coming In First Major Xbox Update
"We take your feedback to heart"
NSF Inouye Solar Telescope Enables Major Discovery of a Hidden Solar Process - NSO
Scientists using the NSF Inouye Solar Telescope discovered Kelvin-Helmholtz instability on the Sun, shedding light on solar activity and space weather.
Texas Shows Strengths and Gaps in Multi-Metric Business Rankings
We are accustomed to Texas topping virtually every ranking relating to the economy—most major corporate locations and expansions, top CEO perceptions, highest investment, and many others.
Political notes: A special session long on emotion, short on balloons, spot-on in witnesses
Colleagues pay tribute to outgoing Senate Majority Leader King, who lost Democratic primary in Upcounty district
Fallout 3 Remaster Should Fix Major "Constraints" of Original, Says Former Bethesda Dev
Former Bethesda dev Nate Purkeypile says the Fallout 3 Remaster will benefit massively from modern-day tech, which the OG needed.
Red Sox rout White Sox 14-2
Caleb Durbin hit a grand slam, Patrick Sandoval earned his first major league win in more than two years and the Boston Red Sox extended their winning streak to six games with a 14-2 victory over the Chicago White Sox.
Vehicle crashes into the front of Lisbon business, major traffic impacts
A vehicle crashed into the front of a business on Route 196 in Lisbon on Wednesday morning, knocking out power and creating major traffic issues.
Northwestern actuarial science major recognized by Casualty Actuarial Society
Northwestern College’s actuarial science major has qualified for Bronze Tier status within the Casualty Actuarial Society’s (CAS) University Recognition Program.
Chartbook 464 The"China squeeze" - the politics of development counterfactuals.
There are three types of China shock discourse. Each has a distinct temporal register. China shock 1.0 was a phrase coined by US academics in the 2010s to retrospectively summarize the impact on particular US labour markets, which they identified through painstaking empirical investigation. China shock 2.0 on everyone’s lips in Europe in the mid 2020s is an alarm raised by trans-Atlantic policy thinkers warning of a coming disaster which they project onto Europe’s ailing car industry. The third type of China shock discourse - commonly known as the “China squeeze” launched most recently by Indian economists Shoumitro Chatterjee and Arvind Subramanian in the pages of Foreign Affairs - mobilizes a different, more speculative temporal register: the counterfactual realm of alternate history. The China squeeze argument asks not what has happened, or what is going to happen, but what might have been. Specifically, what options for economic development might have been open to Global South economies like India or the economies of sub-Saharan Africa, had it not been for China’s spectacular industrialization since the late 1990s and the persistent competitiveness of China’s manufacture in low-skilled segments. Chatterjee and Subramanian’s argument is that whilst China has built a powerful position in electrical machinery and other high-skill manufacturing, which is now delivering China Shock 2.0, it also continues to run a trade surplus in low-skill, labour-intensive manufacturing. This surplus is large and has remained largely unchanged in fifteen years. Indeed, in the 2010s, in trade with low-income countries, China’s surplus rapidly increased. On their reading, this squeezes low-income producers in low-skill sectors in which they “should” be able to compete. Source: “China’s Mercantilist Squeeze on Developing Countries” Shoumitro Chatterjee and Arvind Subramanian. Peterson Institute for International Economics 26-7 May 2026 Chatterjee and Subramanian’s wording is telling: (emphasis mine) The canonical trajectory of economic development in the post-World War II period is for countries to transition from agriculture to manufacturing, first in low-skilled manufacturing and then later on to high-skill manufacturing (Herrendorf, Rogerson, and Valentinyi 2013). At the global level, this implies that high-income countries (HICs) that once specialized in low-skilled activities cede manufacturing export space to poorer countries that come along to occupy that space. In 1965, advanced economies accounted for about 60 percent of global value-added exports in four key low-skilled manufacturing sectors, i.e., apparel, leather, textiles, and footwear. Over time this share declined and began to be occupied first by the East Asian tigers and, beginning in the late 1990s, by China. Today China accounts for about 50 percent of the global market. The question is whether China, with its rising prosperity, is continuing to behave like its richer counterparts and ceding export space to poorer followers or to behave unlike them and continuing to occupy space. In terms of the conceptual maneuvers it performs, of the three China shock discourses, the “China squeeze” argument is by far the most ambitious. After all, it bases its critique of China on a counterfactual imagining of the world. Like any counterfactual argument, to construct this alternative reality it must rely on a heuristic model. To make their argument Chatterjee and Subramanian mobilize two key claims. The first reference point is the actual history of rich-country industrialization, what they refer to as the “canonical path”. The idea is that countries transition from agriculture to light industry and low-skilled manufacturing and from there up the value chain. To make this useful as a standard of comparison and a means to construct a normative standard, they adjust sectoral export shares for two factors: 1. the underlying level of economic development of the exporting country, as measured by national income and 2. the degree to which the sector in question is internationalized. The idea being that for a high income country to have a high export share in low-skill sectors is anomalous and even more so if that particular product is highly internationalized and thus suitable for being “conceded” to lower-income competitors. Where should this process end? Here Chatterjee and Subramanian introduce their second benchmark. Their normative idea of a global development path is one in which, in due course, low-skill manufacturing exports are distributed in proportion to a country’s share in the global labour force. They imagine, in other words, a world of proportional, polycentric global development without much national specialization in low-skill manufacturing. A useful benchmark is that, in labor-intensive manufacturing sectors, a country’s share of world exports should be broadly commensurate with its share of the world’s low-skilled labor endowment. … In the Heckscher-Ohlin model, this would be true if value added per worker and export propensities, i.e., fraction of output that is exported, are the same across countries. It is this pleasant liberal vista of orderly global development, progressing towards a general distribution of low-skilled manufacturing against which they judge reality and conclude that the low-income countries are suffering a “China squeeze”. China is not exiting low-skill sectors fast enough Allowing for its gdp level and the degree of globalization, China’s share of low-skill manufacturing exports is far higher than it “should” be. Relative to population, its low-skill share of exports is far too high. That in turn yields the conclusion that huge numbers of jobs - the authors suggest tens of millions - are being hoarded by China. For the four sectors captured in figure 4, this excess in value-added exports is $110 billion in 2022. For all low-skilled sectors overall captured in appendix figure D.1, excess value-added exports amount to $365 billion. The crowding out of LMIC exports by China is therefore substantial. Both these claims have in common that they are strong structuralisms. The first is that development paths ought to resemble each other. The second is that broadly speaking as far as low-skilled manufacturing is concerned, all countries are alike. If the world currently diverges from the distribution of trade implied by these assumptions, if China is not following the advanced economy path and has huge exports, this must be the result of “policy”, which the authors then put in question as illegitimate or unfair. Thus the naturalistic construction of a canonical path leading to a “level” distribution of low-skilled manufacturing reveals itself to be a polemical tool. From the point of view of China shock polemics, this discourse is no doubt welcome. But as an account of economic history, it must surely be regarded as nothing short of bamboozling. Development paths do not follow a regular, natural sequence. As David Fishman put it aptly, “development is not a queue”. They are always and everywhere, through and through political. Development is not so much a process, as a project. Each such project is more or less well adjusted to its context. As Gerschenkron taught uneven and combined development implies differentiation rather than simple imitation on a single parth. It may be true that Europe and the US exited relatively early from low-skill work. But clearly technology has changed. As C&S themselves point out, China no longer enjoys a low wage environment. Do they really believe that such huge differences can be accounted for either by industrial policy, which as they admit does not operate powerfully in low-skill sectors, or by exchange rate manipulation? What is overwhelmingly dominant in explaining the persistence of “low-skill” manufacturing in China are surely the network effects of complex supply chains. Indeed the label of “low-skill” may miss the point. The degree of globalization which Chatterjee and Subramanian decide to conjure away in their model of the development path - to allow for the fact that Europe and American textiles exporters did not enjoy just-in-time logistics in the 1950s - obscures the point that the networks through which Chinese factories supply the world are themselves key parts of the low-skill industrialization project. China isn’t knocking out 1970s style “cheap”. It has redefined the entire product cycle. C&S’s casual reference to “T-shirts” is telling. In today’s “fast fashion”, there is weight on both terms. Fashion and fast. China’s success in delivering on both at unprecedentedly high speed and at unprecedentedly low cost, isn’t a low-skill operation at all. If we see development trajectories not as the serial repetition of the same, but as distinctive, crafted projects that cumulate in complex agglomerations of skill, technology and labor, then this explains why the assumption that low-skilled manufacturing should follow the distribution of population flies in the face of all experience. As countless cases attest, low-wage, low-income developed economies are not by themselves the makings of a competitive production base. As Leon Liao puts it quite fairly: “International trade has never been allocated according to population. A country’s population gives it no natural claim to an equivalent share of global exports." And the remarkable fact is that Subramanian alone and with co-authors has long been making this point, not to pillory China, as is the case of the tendentious _Foreign Affair_s and Peterson pieces, but to highlight the great counterpart to China’s industrial success, namely India’s relative failure. The much-quoted Foreign Affairs piece showed low-skill export shares only for China, not for India. If you put both countries in the picture as Chaterjee and Subramanian have done on other occasions, the picture looks like this. China is far above the line, but India, almost as large in terms of population, is no less anomalous, just in the opposite direction. As far as global populations are concerned, and the imagining of tens of millions of “squeezed” jobs, it is this Sino-Indian pair that account for a huge share of the action. What this graph reveals is not China’s cheating, but India’s “greatest development failure”, at least this is the argument made Arvind Subramanian, this time in co-authorship with Devesh Kapur, in their major book, A Sixth of Humanity. Independent India’s Development Odyssey which appeared with Oxford University Press earlier this year. In this highly critical work on India’s development, China is repeatedly evoked, not to criticize but as a benchmark against which to illuminate what India’s political economy has not delivered i.e. large-scale formal employment for hundreds of millions of citizens. Kapur and Subramanian leave no doubt, if you want to understand why China, not India was the main driver of manufacturing globalization from the 1980s, don’t look to slots opening up in the division of labour thanks to the liberal mindedness of advanced economies, look to the contrasting political economy of the Maoist PRC and India’s post-independence political economy. As Kapur and Subramian note: The great divergence between China and India did not begin in 1978 with the Deng reforms—it was well underway by then. In one of the great ironies of modern history, the conditions created by Maoism turned out to be a great launching pad for industrial globalization. As the comparison of India and China in 1980 makes clear, to imagine manufacturing would be equally distributed when populations are so differently endowed in terms of educational and nutritional is fanciful. Here is the data from Kapur and Subramanian, data which I explored back at the very beginning of Chartbook. As Kapur and Subramanian insist, the striking fact is that even as India’s growth accelerated from the 1980s, structural change has not. Formal employment in India lags woefully behind. Why? As Kapur and Subramanian note, the path-dependent impact of India’s poor early start was devastating. The list of factors they mention is long and weighty: We argue for a new five-fold explanation applicable at different stages of Indian history: in the initial stages, the legacy of two key pre-1980s policies, the neglect of agriculture and the strangling of the domestic private sector, were critical. The failure of broad-based agricultural growth militated against rural industrialization, which would have been devoted to satisfying local needs that would have necessarily been labour intensive. Then, when the boom came after 1980, the thicket of regulation and broader labour protections that were legislated prematurely in a nascent democracy, underpinned by a deep ideological aversion to private capital in general and big capital specifically, became a barrier to attaining the size that would be necessary to compete globally. Similarly, the reforms after 1991, while wide-ranging, did not quite encompass non-tradeable inputs critical to manufacturing, namely, land, logistics infrastructure and power. A combination of low investment (logistics infrastructure), regulation (land) and the continued monopoly supply by state governments (power), combined with residual socialism, kept costs at 75–100 per cent above efficient supply. These factors were compounded on the supply side by the government, which dominated the formal labour market and established exorbitantly high wages at the lower end of the skill spectrum. This made their employment in the labour-intensive sector by the private sector less attractive. Finally, when the services sector and its exports boomed, wages soared even further via a Dutch Disease effect: one successful tradeable sector killed and cannibalized another less-skilled tradable sector, namely, manufacturing. Thus, scarcity-inducing policies of the planning era, precocious democracy and a Gandhian aversion to size; inefficient, monopolistic supply of critical non-tradable inputs; the behemoth of government; and super-successful skill-intensive services successively undermined India’s unskilled labour employment opportunities. The employment failure seems to have been over-determined. … Less quantifiable but no less important are some of the sociological factors that have undermined manufacturing and factory jobs. Take the impact of the success of the IT sector—located in urban areas with better working conditions, such as air-conditioned offices, good schools for children and attractive entertainment options. It became a more attractive place for engineering and management graduates to flock to. … Consider manufacturing and female employment. Indian society makes it difficult for women to work, reflected in India’s unusually low female labour force participation (elaborated in Chapter XIII). Indian society, in particular the routine harassment of women in public spaces, makes it even more difficult for them to travel long distances to take up work.37 Combined with onerous regulations on creating hostels and dormitories for women—which, in turn, prevents multiple shifts of operation—factories need to be located in areas with a large female labour pool. While firms can take apparel plants to female labour or bring them to the plants by building large-scale dormitories, this raises costs. If there was a case for subsidies to encourage labour-intensive manufacturing, housing subsidies to build dormitories for women workers would be a good place to start. All of this meant, that when opportunities did open up, in part thanks to adjustments in China, India was in no position to take advantage. Here is the account of the 2020s from Kapur and Subramanian. It stands in dizzying contrast to the one-sided, “China squeeze” argument delivered in the Peterson and Foreign Affairs pieces: In 2022, for example, India’s share of global exports in clothing (the canonical labour-intensive sector) was 3.1 per cent compared to 32 per cent for China. This is extremely disappointing because China started vacating export space in this sector after the Global Financial Crisis as its wages started rising; it then vacated further space in the aftermath of geopolitical developments that led investors to seek alternative investment locations. Between its peak and today, China lost about 7.5 percentage points of global export share (worth about $43 billion in 2022); over this period, India’s export share remained stagnant at 3 per cent, while that of Vietnam and Bangladesh rose by 3.5 to 4 percentage points. China’s loss did not translate into any gain for India in terms of low-skill exports and employment. Put differently, when the conditions for dynamism and prosperity were established after 1991, and even more tantalizingly when the global export opportunities opened up, it was as if India was a high-wage economy and only skilled labour could benefit from the dynamism. It had converted its physically abundant unskilled workforce into an economically expensive resource, penalizing its use. It is not my mission here to argue for or against Kapur and Subramanian’s interpretation of India’s development trajectory. The point in this context is simply that the “China squeeze” such as it is can only be understood, in relation to the heavy burden of domestic constraints that Kapur and Subramanian so unsparingly enumerate. I am concentrating here on India because it is the great counterpart to China and the unspoken reference point of the “China squeeze” discourse. But the point is more general. Can anyone with a straight face suggest that the main problems afflicting the development of South Africa or Nigeria, the great centers of mass underemployment in sub-saharan Africa, are cheap competition from China driven by Beijing’s industrial policy and an undervalued RMB? Likewise, is the main problem of the American working-class the threat of Chinese competition or the manifest crisis of social reproduction in the United States itself? The point here, as in the discourse around China shock 2.0 in Europe, is to insist that we should not normalize the world and pathologize China, without actually investigating what is going on in America’s industrial wastelands, the German car industry, or India’s lopsided labour market. One-sided pathologization should be understood for what it is, a polemical gesture. Concepts like China shock and China squeeze are, what Reinhart Koselleck, following Carl Schmitt, would have described as “asymmetrische Kampfbegriffe”, or “asymmetrical counter-concepts” or “asymmetrical combat concepts”. If the function of arguments like the “China squeeze” is to alert elites in the rest of the world of the need to rejuvenate and energize their development projects, so be it. But let us see the resulting discourses as the mobilizing interventions that they are. Interestingly, a significant slice of China’s public sphere - the so-called industrial party - have been obsessed for the last twenty years with precisely these questions of counterfactual economic history. Since the mid 2000s, a massive online discourse developed around an alternative history in which Chinese techno-patriots were asked to imagine how they would proceed if they had the possibility of traveling back in time to transport modern technology into the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) thus averting the “great divergence” of the 18th and 19th centuries. It is a fantasy of course, but also a goad. The point was not directed at Westerners. The alternate history is dramatically nationalist, but few n the West had even heard of it until recently. The adherents of the industrial party are not liberal moralists. They don’t project natural ladders of international development and ask why others don’t cede space. They take the Realpolitik of global economic development for granted. Their pointe was directed against fellow Chinese. The rallying cry of the alternative narrative was this: Now that we are beginning to gain steam and push forward on our national development path, now that we are breaking out of the inferior position assigned to us even in the early years following WTO accession, do not lose yourself in humanistic imaginings about better futures. In the spirit of Deng, they called on China to embrace the hard truth of development. Perhaps one might of the Industrial Party as a cultural trend born out of desire for symbolic revenge against those who had inflicted the century of humiliation. In terms of the various temporalities of the “China shock” - retrospective, prospective and counterfactual - one might think of the Industrial Policy discourse as truly speculative, conjuring up the China shock that never was. Or perhaps one might better think of it as imagining a world in which a powerful China was no shock at all, but simply a defining fact of modern history. I love putting out Chartbook. I am particularly pleased that it goes out for free to thousands of subscribers around the world. But, writing this newsletter takes a lot of work. If you are enjoying it and would like to support the project, sign up for one of the subscription options here. It is the equivalent of a fancy cup of coffee per month! Subscribe
Malay nationalism surge threatens to end Malaysia’s reform experiment
Since becoming prime minister in 2022, Anwar has struggled to win over support from Malaysia’s Malay-Muslim majority.
Longer careers may leave younger, disadvantaged workers spending more years in poor health
The average age of the German population is rising. Coupled with the growing labor shortage, these demographic trends pose major challenges for pension systems. According to proposals from the Pension ...
Thornton leads starry 2026 class entering San Jose Sports Hall of Fame
A league MVP, a national champion, a four-time Olympic medalist and a leader of the Bay Area’s two major rivals will be inducted into the San Jose Sports Hall of Fame in November.
'Putting Politics to One Side': Aaron Rai Makes Feelings Clear on DP World Tour's Future
Aaron Rai thinks the DP World Tour matches the PGA Tour’s high-level play and strong competitive depth—a stark contrast from what a majority believe. For professional golfers, the PGA Tour is the biggest platform to showcase their skills.
Emory biophysicist Shashank Shekhar’s research into tiny cellular force generators nets two major federal awards
Emory assistant professor Shashank Shekhar has been awarded $3.5 million in funding for his innovative research focused on how biochemical interactions influence actin, the vital protein responsible for cell structure and movement.
Bruce Springsteen gives major update about wife Patti’s health battle
Bruce Springsteen is sharing a positive update in his wife Patti Scialfa’s battle against cancer.
Englewood Festival entertainment announced
ENGLEWOOD — Entertainment at the 52nd Englewood Art Festival promises to be another major attraction for this weekend event scheduled for Saturday and Sunday, August 8 and 9 at Centennial Park, 321 Union Boulevard.
Buc-ee’s lawsuit sparks a beaver takeover across Ohio cities
Major gas station chain Buc-ee's is suing Beaver's Mini Mart in Beavercreek. Ohio businesses are adding temporary beaver logos in support.
Allegations against several GOP congressmen highlight the party’s quandary
The political situation is becoming dicey for Republicans clinging to a narrow House majority, underscoring how fine a line they might need to walk in the weeks to come.
Human nutrition degrees offer pre health majors another path to medical school
As nutrition takes on a larger role in medical education, UND graduate Anna Bernhardt is bringing a background in prevention, research and patient education to medical school
Human nutrition degrees offer pre health majors another path to medical school
As nutrition takes on a larger role in medical education, UND graduate Anna Bernhardt is bringing a background in prevention, research and patient education to medical school
New ASE guideline aims to improve workplace safety for cardiac sonographers
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a major safety concern in the field of echocardiography, impacting up to 90% of all cardiac sonographers.