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TENNESSEE VOLS FOOTBALL: Grit and guts made Kiner great
This is another in a series of features on Tennessee players in the College Football Hall of Fame.
Avalanche Bests and Blursts: 2020-Present
This is the final entry in an ongoing series covering thirty years of bests (and blursts) of Colorado Avalanche hockey!
Pamela Anderson says ‘no one’s reached out’ to her about ‘Baywatch’ reboot
Pamela Anderson revealed that ‘no one’s reached out’ to her about appearing in the ‘Baywatch’ reboot. She starred in the original iteration of the lifeguard drama series as C.J. Parker.
Blue Eyed Soul joins Yates Concert Series July 29
PENN YAN — Blue Eyed Soul brings its blend of 1960s’ and ’70s’ funk, soul, and rock and roll to the Yates Concert Series next week.
Bullpen inconsistencies drop Washington Nationals 3-2 vs. Arizona
Another late inning run handed the Washington Nationals a series opening loss at home, this time a 3-2 finish against the Arizona Diamondbacks
“Graphic Talk About Science: Adventures in Science Engagement”
Mount Wilson Observatory (MWO), Southern California’s esteemed home to several of the most groundbreaking astronomical discoveries in history, welcomes the public to the third Saturday Evening Talks & Telescopes of the season on Saturday, July 25, 2026. MWO is honored to present “Graphic Talk About Science: Adventures in Science Engagement,” a lecture by Clifford V. Johnson, from UCSB. This lecture explores how graphic storytelling can make cutting-edge physics more accessible, as Johnson discusses the science and creative process behind his illustrated book, “The Dialogues: Conversations About the Nature of the Universe.” Tickets are available here: www.mtwilson.edu/events/lecture072526 During the six-month season, each Talks & Telescopes event runs from 5:30pm to 11:30pm with the “talk” portion of the evening beginning in the Observatory’s Auditorium. The 60+ minute presentation is followed by picnic dining—bring your own, or purchase from a food truck or caterer—and then, after the sun goes down, stargazing through Mount Wilson’s immense telescopes, the largest in the world made available to the public. Additional stargazing around the grounds will be available thanks to members of the Los Angeles Astronomical Society. Both the 60-inch telescope and the 100-inch—the latter famously used by Edwin Hubble to discover the expanding universe—will be available for viewing the night sky. Priced at $50, this event series offers the most economical stargazing event option on the mountain. Tickets and more information are available on Mount Wilson Observatory’s website here: www.mtwilson.edu/lectures. Advance purchases are highly recommended. UPCOMING SATURDAY EVENING TALKS & TELESCOPES OF THE 2026 SEASON August 22: “Towards a Functional Cosmology” www.mtwilson.edu/events/lecture082226 Join artist Lita Albuquerque for a lecture on her multidisciplinary practice at the intersection of art, science, and cosmology. Drawing on decades of work across painting, land art, performance, and installation, she reflects on projects created in remote, astronomy-linked environments and how they shape her exploration of time, space, and human perception. September 19: “The Brightness of Stars: Henrietta Leavitt and the Transformative Nature of Attention in Art and Science” www.mtwilson.edu/events/lecture091926 Visual artist and author Anna Von Mertens explores the life and legacy of Henrietta Leavitt, whose study of variable stars enabled the first reliable measurements of cosmic distances. Working among the Harvard Computers, Leavitt laid the foundation for breakthroughs at Mount Wilson, including Harlow Shapley’s mapping of the Milky Way and Edwin Hubble’s discovery of an expanding universe. Drawing from her book “Attention Is Discovery: The Life and Legacy of Astronomer Henrietta Leavitt,” Von Mertens shares archival materials alongside her own artwork inspired by Leavitt’s life, to celebrate how careful attention leads to both scientific discovery and a meaningful life. October 17: “The Duality of Genius and Struggle: G.E. Hale” www.mtwilson.edu/events/lecture101726 This talk, presented by Sam Hale, explores the extraordinary life and legacy of his grandfather, George Ellery Hale—the visionary behind some of the world’s most important astronomical institutions. Drawing on both history and personal connection, Sam Hale offers insight into a legacy that continues to shape science and culture today. VISITING MWO The gate to Mount Wilson’s campus opens at 10:00am daily and closes at 5:00pm from early April through November. Entrance to the grounds is free. Visitors can hike, gaze at the telescope domes and towers that dot the landscape, and take a look at historic Mount Wilson photos and letters in the Museum. The Cosmic Cafe (www.mtwilson.edu/cosmic-cafe), located above the main parking lot at the Observatory entrance, is open on weekends in the spring, summer, and fall. In addition to traditional menu items such as hot dogs, drinks, and snacks, the Cafe offers wraps, salads, and sweet treats from Little Flower. PARKING A U.S. Forest Service Adventure Pass is required to park at the Observatory. A $5 day pass or a $30 dollar annual pass may be purchased at the Cosmic Cafe on weekends between 10:00am and 5:00pm. During the week, passes are available at locations around Los Angeles. The most convenient location before heading up is at the Shell station in La Canada Flintridge at the bottom of the Angeles Crest Highway (https://find.shell.com/us/fuel/10007957-4530-angeles-crest-hwy/en_US). Visit the U.S. Forest Service website for more information about Passes and other locations to buy them: www.fs.usda.gov/r05/passes/adventure-pass For more information about Visiting Mount Wilson Observatory, please visit: www.mtwilson.edu/visiting NOT ADA-COMPLIANT Please be advised that access to the 100-inch dome is via an open-air, 53-step staircase inside the building. There is no ADA-compliant access.
'Backyard Sports: The Animated Series' In The Works
Pablo Sanchez and the Backyard Kids are coming to the small screen.
New York Yankees @ Philadelphia Phillies: Cam Schlittler vs. Jesús Luzardo
Schlittler starts scintillating series
"Stranger Things" Meets the Wrestling Ring in Utica
Fans of the Netflix series "Stranger Things" and professional wrestling will get a unique experience when actor Randy Havens makes an appearance at the Utica University Nexus Center.
‘Interview With the Vampire’ sheds ‘The Vampire Lestat’ title for season 4 renewal: ‘She is the answer’
‘Interview With the Vampire’ is officially renewed for season 4, and the series is changing its title once again to mark the special occasion.
On The Horizon: Cubs vs. Pirates series preview
The Cubs visit PNC Park.
Watch the teaser trailer for 'Blade Runner 2099,' a new sci-fi series coming to Prime Video November 25
The limited series starring Michelle Yeoh and Hunter Schafer is set 50 years after 'Blade Runner 2049'.
Galaxy S27 series leaks with iPhone-like lineup, new cameras, silicon-carbon batteries
While the Galaxy Z Fold 8 series has just debuted, there are some rumblings of Samsung’s next non-folding flagships, with...
Carlton Cuse On Why Sports Rights Are Hurting Scripted & Residuals
'Lost's Carlton Cuse has explained how sports rights fights are hitting scripted TV production and updated on Netflix series 'The Secret of Secrets'.
Lions training camp preview: Adapting the LB room
The next installment in our 2026 training camp preview series looks at the Detroit Lions’ linebacker room.
Samsung’s new silicon-carbon batteries in Galaxy Z Fold 8 won’t last as long
Samsung is finally switching over to silicon-carbon batteries in the Galaxy Z Fold 8 series but, apparently, their lifespan is...
Emmy Rossum Finally Reveals The Truth Behind Her Shocking Exit From ‘Shameless’
The actor said she left the hit Showtimes series with “a lot of grief and sorrow.”
Rice materials science triumphs with pair of Telly Awards
Rice is a double winner in the 47th annual Telly Awards, which honor excellence in video and television. The university won a silver Telly in the Education and Discovery category for a social media series titled “Discovering Materials Science and Engineering: Engineering Solutions for a Changing World,” which followed freshmen as they were introduced to how materials shape the world in a materials science and nanoengineering course of the same name. Additionally, Rice won a bronze Telly in the Educational Institution category for a nonbroadcast campaign titled “RAMI Undergraduate Research Fellows at Rice University,” which showcases cutting-edge undergraduate research.
Poll: Are the Red Sox for Real?
The Boston Red Sox begin a three-game series at home against the Toronto Blue Jays Friday night, looking to start a new winning streak. The Red Sox lost the nightcap of a Wednesday doubleheader against the Baltimore Orioles — ending the team’s remarkable 15-game winning streak, which had tied a team record last accomplished in 1946. When the streak began, Boston was considered an also-ran in the AL playoff race.
USA250: The 10 best college athletes in Mississippi history ranked
The Magnolia State has produced many great college athletes. We ranked the 10 best as part of our USA 250 series.
If PlayStation kills physical media, it should "get rid of the hardware" too, says the creator of popular RPG series Disgaea
Disgaea creator Sohei Niikawa has strong thoughts on Sony's planned move away from physical media.
Banana Ball brings fans, entertainment back to Connecticut for Hartford series
The Indianapolis Clowns defeated the Party Animals in the opening game of a three-game series Wednesday night, rallying for a walk-off win in the ninth inning on a hit by former Boston Red Sox player Jackie Bradley Jr.
Banana Ball brings fans, entertainment back to Connecticut for Hartford series
Banana Ball returned to Connecticut this week, bringing its signature mix of baseball and entertainment back to Dunkin’ Park in Hartford for the first time in three years. The Indianapolis Clowns defeated the Party Animals in the opening game of a three-game series Wednesday night, rallying for a walk-off win in the ninth inning on a hit by former Boston…
Suspect tied to business burglaries, stolen ATMs in south Bexar County, affidavit states
Mystkial Garcia-Alvear, 27, is facing charges in connection with a series of burglaries last September. Bexar County sheriff's investigators believe he was part of a burglary ring.
The Dweebs bring family entertainment to Gazebo Nights
A Merrill fan favorite at the Gazebo Nights free summer concert series, The Dweebs brought their family band to Normal Park last Thursday evening, July 16, 2026, for an evening of family-friendly …
The 'World Series of Stickball' honors Choctaw heritage, sports culture in Mississippi
The Gulf States Newsroom’s Joseph King went to a few games at the 76th annual Choctaw Indian Fair to report on one of the oldest sports in the nation.
Hunter hunting.
Amazon’s Blade Runner streaming series has been in the works for ages, but it’s starting to feel a little more real. Entertainment Weekly just dropped the first images from the show, featuring stars Michelle Yeoh and Hunter Schafer, while also confirming that Blade Runner 2099 is expected to come out this year. [Image: https://platform.theverge.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2026/07/Hunter-Schafer-as-Cora-in-Blade-Runner-2099-Credit-Clay-Enos-for-Prime-2763-07172026-146c1bfb01944712ae548b76600b0ab4-1.webp?quality=90&strip=all]
Cowboys countdown to kickoff: Top 100 iconic games
We countdown 100 days until kickoff with a series of the most iconic games in Cowboys history. Today is Day 52
The Morning Show heads off into the night.
Apple announced that one of its biggest early hits will be coming back for a fifth and final season in 2027. The Morning Show premiered alongside Apple TV as one of its prestige plays, with a notably star-studded cast. The news comes the same day Apple announced a new dating series. [Image: https://platform.theverge.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2026/07/072226_The_Morning_Show_Fifth_Final_Season_Announcement_Big_Image_02.jpg?quality=90&strip=all]
Halo: Campaign Evolved Comparison Shows Difference Between Xbox Series X And Series S
How the Xbox versions stack up
Michigan Football 2026 Opponent Preview: Iowa
Next up in our Michigan Football 2026 opponent preview series, we discuss the Iowa Hawkeyes' roster, offseason changes, returning talent, and what to expect in their matchup with Michigan:
Critics Choice Association launches Creator Awards to honor podcasters, streamers, and digital storytellers
The new ceremony will celebrate podcasters, digital series, and social creators, with the first winners revealed in April 2027.
5 Reasons to Buy the iPhone 17 Now Instead of Waiting for iPhone 18
Apple's iPhone 18 Pro models and its first foldable are less than two months from being unveiled. That may sound like a reason to sit tight if you're looking to upgrade from an iPhone 16 or older series, but between looming price hikes and Apple's new split-launch calendar, there's a decent case for grabbing an iPhone 17 series model right now. Here are five reasons in favor of putting your order in today. 1.
I Only Needed One Episode of This Show to Know We're in for Some Messy Chaos
Looking for your next TV obsession? This binge-worthy series delivers messy drama, unforgettable personalities and a premiere that ends on a major cliffhanger. Find out more here.
New York Yankees Announce Roster News After Pirates Series
On Wednesday night, the New York Yankees played the finale of their three-games series with the Pittsburgh Pirates (at home).The Yankees won by a score of 2-0.Since they played a double-header, the Yankees were able to add a 27th man to the roster.They brought up Spencer Jones.New York Yankees Announce Roster NewsAfter the game, the […] The post New York Yankees Announce Roster News After Pirates Series appeared first on HEAVY.
New York Yankees Announce Roster Move Before Pirates Series Finale
On Wednesday evening, the New York Yankees will finish their series with the Pittsburgh Pirates in the Bronx.The series is tied up at 1-1, so whoever wins will take the series.New York Yankees Announce Roster MoveAhead of Wednesday night’s game, the Yankees announced a series of roster moves.One of those moves was to send Kervin […] The post New York Yankees Announce Roster Move Before Pirates Series Finale appeared first on HEAVY.
NASCAR Makes Major Cup Series Practice Change Beginning Next Weekend
NASCAR has announced a major change to Cup Series practice beginning next weekend, replacing the divided-group format with a single 50-minute session.
Mariners lose a backbreaker, 5-3
Long ball bites the Mariners for an ill-timed series loss
New Ideas in Science and Research: 50 Years of Air + Space
As the National Air and Space Museum built its collection and its identity, it also needed to find its footing as a place for science and research. In the third episode of our four-part limited series 50 Years of Air + Space, we’re exploring the history of scholarship at the Museum.
Atlanta Braves Reveal Michael Harris II Change Before Padres Game
The Atlanta Braves are currently taking on the San Diego Padres in a four-game series. After losing to the Padres on Tuesday, the series is now 1-1. For game three of the series, Atlanta has activated pitcher Martin Perez, and the Padres will roll with Michael King. Ahead of the Padres, the Braves revealed their […] The post Atlanta Braves Reveal Michael Harris II Change Before Padres Game appeared first on HEAVY.
Dodgers on Deck: Friday, July 24 at Mets
The third stop on the Dodgers’ long road trip comes on Friday with a series opener against the New York Mets at Citi Field in Queens. Roki Sasaki starts for the Dodgers, while left-hander Sean Manaea on the mound for New York. These two teams met back in April at Dodger Stadium, and the Dodgers […]
TWINS AT GUARDIANS: Cecconi vs. Ober, discussion
Let's win a series
USA Sports reveals broadcast crew, plan to cover final 14 races and The Chase
USA Sports detailed its branding and broadcast plan as it gears up to present the final 14 races of the 2026 Cup Series season.
New Pixel 11 Images Show Us Google’s Fun Frame Colors
Since we caught that official Pixel 11 Pro image the other day, which was our follow-up to all of those early retail listings of each Pixel 11 series phone color, we have another round of images...
Pixel 11 series leaks in more official-looking images with new angles [Gallery]
Google’s Pixel 11 series has leaked pretty extensively at this point, but another new leak has just hit the web...
Cowboys countdown to kickoff: Top 100 iconic games
We countdown 100 days until kickoff with a series of the most iconic games in Cowboys history. Today is Day 53
Washington Nationals vs Colorado Rockies Game Thread
Follow along as the Nats look for another series win in a crucial rubber match with the Rockies
The first mom in space shares the weight of science
The “Once Upon a Time in Space” four-part series reveals the human stories that are often untold within conversations about the science of space exploration. New episodes premier Tuesda…
Soulslike action RPG FOUNTAINS coming to PS5, Xbox Series, and Switch in 2026 alongside new DLC
Publisher Crunching Koalas and developer John Pywell will release Soulslike action RPG FOUNTAINS for PlayStation 5, Xbox Series, and Switch in 2026 alongside a new downloadable content, the compani…
Biz Talk Today TV's Franchise Value Spotlights the Business Behind Sports with Investment Strategist Shana Orczyk Sissel
CrossCheck Media announced today that Franchise Value, its newest original series on Biz Talk Today TV, officially premiered this month and returns today with another in-depth examination of one of the fastest-growing sectors in the global economy—the business of sports.
Jen Palmieri Has a New Politics Show
Jennifer Palmieri has also brought on former NOLA mayor Mitch Landrieu and journalist Errin Haines for 'Long Play,' a six-part docuseries about the region’s complexities.
Smart Tips to Maximize Your NASCAR Weekend at New Hampshire Motor Speedway
At New Hampshire Motor Speedway, fans get more than just racing — they get great value. New England's only NASCAR Cup Series weekend features affordable tickets, free parking, flexible camping options and inclusive entertainment like live music and fan experiences.
Walking Off into the Wildcard! Dbacks 6, A’s 5
The Arizona Diamondbacks were able to even the series with the Athletics Tuesday night thanks to a heroic walkoff from the veteran Ildemaro Vargas and a solid major league debut from Kohl Drake. Kohl Drake gave the Dbacks 5 much needed solid innings tonight for his major league debut. Overall his stuff was just ok, […]
Cowboys countdown to kickoff: Top 100 iconic games
We countdown 100 days until kickoff with a series of the most iconic games in Cowboys history. Today is Day 54
New free summer concert series: Sounds of LA County
LA County Parks is hosting 108 concerts in 27 county parks this summer
Apple's $634M payment to Masimo now set in stone after Judge tosses appeal
The Masimo trial ultimately failed to get a permanent ban on Apple Watch sales or use of the blood oxygen sensor, but the final verdict will have Apple pay $634M to Masimo's new owner Danaher after the appeal was rejected.
Boeheim's Army returns to TBT bracket Tuesday
The Syracuse alumni team opens the $2 million, winner-take-all tournament with a best-of-three series against Hall In, a team of Seton Hall alumni.
How stadiums are turning into entertainment districts
As developmental models for sports venues shift, planners are being tasked with designing vast districts to support year-round activity. For our Future Stadium series, we look at the rise of the sports district
ECFR’s summer entertainment list 2026 – European Council on Foreign Relations
Whether you’re heading off on holiday or staying home this summer, ECFR’s entertainment recommendations—spanning books, podcasts and tv series—will help you rec
Nintendo explains why it's coming out with Splatoon Raiders instead of Splatoon 4
Rather than releasing Splatoon 4, the next entry in the series is Splatoon Raiders. Nintendo recently explained why it chose to release that title now. After more than a decade or core Splatoon gameplay, producer Seita Inoue explained in a new interview that the team “thought it might be interesting to create something with a slightly different approach to gameplay,...
Laredo Public Health continues ABA caregiver workshop series
The Laredo Public Health Department will host the fourth session of its ABA Parent & Caregiver Workshop series, focusing on teaching life skills and independence for kids with special care...
Splatoon Raiders review – Nintendo’s inky shooter fades to grey
The single-player offshoot of the quirky and colourful multiplayer series is disappointingly run-of-the-mill
Madisonville Community College partners with Google to offer free business workshops
This partnership offers a series of free workshops designed to help local entrepreneurs, small business owners and community members strengthen their online presence
Samsung Debuts AI-Powered Health Assistant, Joining Packed Market
Samsung Electronics Co. is rolling out a new AI-powered assistant that acts as a virtual health companion, joining a growing number of tech companies using chatbots to deliver personalized wellness insights to its users.Samsung Health Assistant pulls in data from the user’s Galaxy smartphone, smartwatch or smart ring, the company said Tuesday. The firm also announced a series of other features coming to its health platform, particularly around heart metrics.
Brooms Out: Brewers Sweep the Marlins
The Marlins travel to Milwaukee to take on the Brewers in a three game series. The Marlins enter the series 52-45 on the season and the Brewers enter the series 59-37 on the season. The Marlins sit in third place in the NL East trailing the first place team by five games and the Brewers…
Joint operation shuts down illegal business tied to Durham violence
Authorities said the property had linked to a series of violent crimes, including homicides, shootings, aggravated assaults, thefts and weapons violations.
New York Yankees Announce Anthony Volpe Decision Before Pirates Series
On Monday night, the New York Yankees will open up a series with the Pittsburgh Pirates in the Bronx.They are coming off a 2-1 win over the Los Angeles Dodgers on Sunday night (also at home).Anthony Volpe finished with one walk and one strikeout.New York Yankees Announce Anthony Volpe DecisionFor Monday’s game, the Yankees have […] The post New York Yankees Announce Anthony Volpe Decision Before Pirates Series appeared first on HEAVY.
Atlanta Braves Announce Notable Austin Riley Change Before Padres Series
The Atlanta Braves are set to begin a new series in MLB. They defeated the Texas Rangers in a three-game weekend set to ensure their NL East lead stays put at three games. Now, the Braves will take on the San Diego Padres for a four-game series (at home). Before the Padres series, Atlanta released […] The post Atlanta Braves Announce Notable Austin Riley Change Before Padres Series appeared first on HEAVY.
LSU cancels home-and-home series with ASU
According to multiple reports, the cancellation was mutually agreed to. LSU will also not have to pay a cancellation fee to ASU.
Samsung is betting big that you’ll want the wide Galaxy Z Fold 8, report details
A new report reveals Samsung’s plans for the Galaxy Z Fold 8 series and the Galaxy Z Flip 8, with...
Exclusive: Karoo Health raises $16.2M Series A
The company is open to another raise in the next 18 months if it continues its current growth.
Apple Watch Series 12 Coming in September With These New Features
With the Apple Watch Series 12 now just two months away, we have created a recap of rumored new features, with some more likely than others. Below, we have outlined everything rumored so far for the Apple Watch Series 12. More Likely New Chip After One-Year Hiatus While the Apple Watch Series 11, Apple Watch Ultra 3, and Apple Watch SE 3 all contain the same S10 chip as the previous year's models, leaked Apple code showed the Apple Watch Series 12 will get a new chip.
Cowboys countdown to kickoff: Top 100 iconic games
We countdown 100 days until kickoff with a series of the most iconic games in Cowboys history. Today is Day 55
Former Illinois public health chief Nirav Shah drops Maine Senate bid
Before moving to Maine, Shah presided over a series of fatal Legionnaires disease outbreaks at the state of Illinois’ veterans’ home in Quincy that were linked to 14 resident deaths and the sickening of dozens of other staff and residents at the former facility.
Yankees must consider trading these 5 players after Dodgers series
New York must have a busy trade deadline to keep their World Series hopes alive.
Here’s an Official Pixel 11 Pro From Google
Should you have had any doubt about last week's accidental Pixel 11 series reveal, we can confirm that at least one of those devices was indeed the real deal. Google has confirmed the design of...
Impression 5 Science Center
Impression 5 presents When I Grow Up - Career Exploration Series
Shaky political "science": breakdown of the peer review process
[This article is the latest in our “Shaky Political Science” series. In our 38 page report, “Shaky political ‘science’ misses mark on ranked choice voting,” released in December 2025, we examined over 40 studies focused on ranked choice voting (RCV). Many of these studies suffered from puzzling research methodologies, poorly constructed surveys, unrealistic simulated elections, cherry picked data and faulty analyses that often were contradicted by results from real-world elections (a link to our full paper is here). Here are links to the first four articles in our series: the first one summarizing the overall results of our report; the second one analyzed a study co-authored by University of Minnesota academic Larry Jacobs, which was one of the most error-prone of all the research we reviewed in our report; a third article showing an admirable example of two political scientists holding two other political scientists accountable for their flawed, sloppy research; and a fourth article that analyzed seven studies sponsored by New America’s political reform program that deployed flawed methodology based on “simulated” elections instead of real-world elections, which when combined with some basic misunderstandings of RCV, produced odd and misleading results]. In this fifth article in our “Shaky Political Science” series, we examine two flawed studies on the impact of RCV on voter turnout authored by San Francisco State University professor Jason McDaniel. McDaniel’s research in these two papers stands out for its puzzling methodology, inadequate and cherry-picked data, and faulty analyses that not only misunderstands ranked choice voting but reflects a basic misunderstanding of politics in general. The first of the McDaniel studies actually passed through a peer review process and then was subsequently published by the Journal of Urban Affairs, despite its obvious errors. It is perplexing that a jury of peer political scientists did not catch the errors and send it back to McDaniel for a rewrite or outright rejection. This calls into question the credibility of the peer review process itself. The peer review process is supposed to represent the intellectual pinnacle of the profession – a way for academics to certify the quality of each other’s work, and to act as a check against sloppy research. In the case of the McDaniel study, the peer review process failed. Yet his flawed study has been cited dozens of times by other political scientists in their own flawed works — an unvirtuous circle of academic research. Here is the first Jason McDaniel study that we analyzed: “Writing the Rules to Rank the Candidates: Examining the Impact of Instant-Runoff Voting on Racial Group Turnout in San Francisco Mayoral Elections,” by Jason McDaniel, 2016, Journal of Urban Affairs. This study covered San Francisco’s use of ranked choice voting (RCV) in mayoral elections, purporting to show that RCV reduces voter turnout overall, increases voter errors, and has a negative impact on “marginal populations,” i.e. racial minorities, mainly as the result of the alleged complexity of RCV asking voters to rank candidates and having to be familiar with multiple candidates and related dynamics. McDaniel reached these conclusions by examining five San Francisco mayoral elections taking place in odd years (i.e. where there are no federal or state races on the ballot) from 1995 to 2011, comparing three earlier non-RCV races (in 1995, 1999 and 2003) with the later two RCV races (in 2007 and 2011). Only two RCV races were studied, and as McDaniel acknowledged, only the contest in 2011 was “competitive” (that contest in 2007 was the first mayoral election using RCV, and incumbent mayor Gavin Newsom won easily in the first round of counting, earning 74% of first choices and far ahead of the second place candidate who had just 6.3% of first choices). Yet even the allegedly competitive contest in 2011was won by an incumbent with a landslide margin of nearly 20 points. No other elections were studied by McDaniel, even though San Francisco elects 17 other offices besides mayor with RCV, including the 11 seats on the Board of Supervisors (the name for the city council) in even years, and six other citywide offices in odd years. Previous academic research has found that competitive elections can stimulate greater voter involvement and higher turnout. For unexplained reasons, this study ignored at least 34 other RCV races between the years 2004 to 2011, many of which were very competitive and had high voter turnout. Instead, McDaniel’s analysis based its conclusions on data from only a single, marginally-competitive mayor’s race using RCV. These 2007 and 2011 mayoral elections were the only two RCV elections that McDaniel used as the sole basis for his small data set to determine the impact of RCV on voter turnout. Despite having no meaningful data to inform his study, McDaniel nonetheless concluded that RCV lowered turnout when compared to the previous three mayoral non-RCV elections using two-round runoffs. Then, using the same inadequate database of San Francisco elections, McDaniel also found that “Instant-runoff voting is associated with a significant decline in Black voter turnout and White voter turnout…On average, Black voter turnout decreases by 18 points and White voter turnout decreases by 16 points …” But how could he credibly arrive at that conclusion when his study was based on voter turnout in two RCV contests that were not even remotely competitive? Beyond that, McDaniel tacitly admits that the key determining factor driving Black voter turnout was not RCV vs non-RCV elections, but the presence of a viable Black candidate. McDaniel wrote, “Black voter turnout was about 17 percentage points higher for the two elections that featured an African American candidate compared to the three elections that did not” — but one of those three elections did not use RCV. The same dynamic was present for White voter turnout, in which higher turnout was not correlated with RCV vs non-RCV elections, but the presence of a viable White candidate. Beyond that, McDaniel’s voter turnout results, whether correlated with the race of the candidates or RCV vs non-RCV elections, showed no clear patterns. In his Figure 1, he shows low Asian voter turnout in the non-RCV elections in 1999 and 2003 when there was no viable Asian candidate running, but in the 2007 mayoral election using RCV, there is still no viable Asian candidate, yet Asian turnout increases dramatically. For Latinos, voter turnout is virtually the same in 1999 (no viable Latino candidate, non-RCV elections), 2003 (leading Latino candidate, non-RCV elections), 2007 (no viable Latino candidate, RCV elections) and 2011 (leading Latino candidate, RCV elections). Meanwhile White voter turnout increased dramatically from a low in the 2007 mayoral election, in which the leading candidate was a white incumbent, to the 2011 election in which there were no leading white candidates that finished any higher than sixth place with 5.6% of the vote. Clearly other factors were determining voter turnout than either the race of the candidates or RCV vs non-RCV elections. Despite these inconsistent findings, McDaniel boldly marches forth to render conclusions about the impact of RCV on different groups of racial voters, even though his conclusions are not remotely supported by his data. This looks like the worst kind of “data cherry picking” to cover up a puzzling conclusion based on a poor data set involving only two RCV elections, neither of which were remotely competitive. McDaniel’s cherry picking didn’t stop there. In calculating voter turnout for the three non-RCV mayoral elections in 1995, 1999 and 2003, he failed to mention that in each of these years there was a two-round runoff election, with a first round election in November in which no candidate garnered a winning majority of the vote, followed by the decisive runoff in December. So there were two non-RCV elections in each election year. But McDaniel only decided to include one of the two elections in his data set, apparently the December runoff in each year (which had higher turnout in two out of the three mayor’s races, and lower turnout in the third). So he ignored the November 1995 election, the November 1999 election when turnout was only 45 percent, and the November 2003 election when turnout was only 45.7 percent. This is flawed methodology based on blatant cherry picking, since McDaniel simply omitted three elections worth of data that did not fit within his frame. His study should never have made it through a peer review process, and it is an embarrassment to political science that not only was it approved for publication, but it has been uncritically cited by dozens of other political scientists. Share A “study” without wider context or credible data Lacking a data set that included even a single competitive RCV mayoral race, McDaniel declared that RCV lowered voter turnout in 2011, when turnout was 42.5 percent. But he also ignored -- or did not realize -- that voter turnout in mayoral elections during 2011 had sharply declined in all big cities, including far more steeply in nearby Los Angeles and other cities. In fact, San Francisco’s election in 2011 had the second highest turnout of any mayoral election in the nation’s 22 largest cities from 2008-2011. Was 2011 just a particularly low turnout year all across the country, perhaps because the country was still reeling from the aftermath of the housing market collapse in 2008-2010? McDaniel ignored this factor and did not search for alternative explanations beyond his flawed thesis. Furthermore, while McDaniel suggested that RCV leads to more “overvotes” – which is an invalidated ballot in which a voter, in either a non-RCV or RCV race, makes a mistake and selects two candidates for a single choice – he failed to address that in the June 2012 US Senate primary contest, which used the typical “one-choice” plurality method and did not use RCV, there was more than five times as many overvotes in San Francisco and Oakland than in the RCV mayoral elections in those cities. Additionally, turnout had been significantly higher and more representative in RCV elections for the San Francisco Board of Supervisors races -- that McDaniel didn’t even bother to study -- as compared to previous “delayed two-round runoffs” for those offices, often higher by as much as 40% in the RCV races. Perhaps the most surprising irony was that an earlier study co-authored by McDaniel (Overvoting and the Equality of Voice under Instant-Runoff Voting in San Francisco by Francis Neely and Jason McDaniel, 2015, California Journal of Politics and Policy) found that overvotes are often more common in lower-income precincts, but that the pattern of overvoting is similar in both RCV and non-RCV contests. Wrote Neely and McDaniel: “[Overvote] errors appear to be a function of complexity in general and not IRV per se…. the pattern of overvoting is similar in both IRV and non-IRV contests…Even among votes cast in a top-of-the-ticket race like U.S. Senate, overvoting occurs in an uneven fashion” (IRV, or ‘instant runoff voting,’ is another name for ranked choice voting in single-winner contests). So McDaniel not only contradicted his own conclusion in his earlier study with Neely, but the earlier study had been an important corrective for one of the most frequently made mistakes made by anti-RCV political scientists – a continual failure to provide crucial context by pairing a comparative analysis of real world RCV elections with an analysis of real world plurality or other electoral methods. Unfortunately McDaniel’s earlier study does not get cited much by other researchers, and McDaniel did not even cite it in his own flawed study analyzed above. Incredibly, McDaniel cherrypicked McDaniel, even as his flawed study has been cited dozens of times. Despite being a textbook example of poor political “science,” featuring both inadequate as well as cherrypicked data, the shelf life of McDaniel’s study has been extended endlessly by other political scientists and media outlets who have cited it uncritically. Equally troubling, the Journal of Urban Affairs put this paper through its peer review process and published it despite its numerous flaws. McDaniel gets it wrong, Part II Not content with producing one shoddy, confused paper, McDaniel produced another one a few years later, here is the link: Electoral Rules and Voter Turnout in Mayoral Elections: An Analysis of Ranked-Choice Voting by Jason McDaniel. San Francisco State Univ. (McDaniel, 2019). In this paper, McDaniel extended his previous flawed research focused on San Francisco, about voter turnout and voter impact, to multiple RCV cities through the 2018 elections. In his data set he included San Francisco, Minneapolis, St Paul, Oakland, Berkeley, San Leandro and Santa Fe. He then compared their turnout in mayoral elections to non-RCV cities, and to mayoral elections in those cities held before first RCV usage, and concluded “a significant decrease in voter turnout of approximately 3–5 percentage points in RCV cities after the implementation of RCV.” But he replicated many of the same mistakes as his first study presented above. While in this study McDaniel attempted to distinguish between various factors, such as odd year vs. even year elections, competitive races vs. noncompetitive, contests with open seats and other factors, the analysis is superficial and inadequate. He attempts to incorporate so many often-conflicting variables that his conclusions are once again unsupported by the actual data, and ultimately unconvincing (this second study never underwent a peer review process). For example, McDaniel declared that for RCV cities “in elections that are more competitive than average (margin of victory less than 20%), there is no significant RCV effect on voter turnout.” Yet McDaniel is a professor in a city, San Francisco, in which the 2018 special election using RCV to fill a mayoral vacancy was exceedingly close, decided by a margin of only one percentage point, and resulted in the second highest turnout in San Francisco history for a mayoral election. Illustrating the complexity involved in assessing the critical factors in turnout, that special election was held on the same election day as federal and state offices, which tends to boost turnout. Yet more voters participated in that RCV mayoral election than voted on the same day in the non-RCV primary for governor in which former San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom was running. Even more puzzling, in this study McDaniel inaccurately cited his own previous study from 2015 with Neely. McDaniel wrote, “Neely and McDaniel (2015) examine individual ballot image files within a natural experiment, and find higher rates of ballot errors in RCV elections compared to non-RCV elections” (emphasis added). However, we quoted from that 2015 study several paragraphs above, and in actual fact Neely and McDaniel actually concluded the opposite -- that the pattern of overvoting – which is the most common form of ballot error – is similar in both RCV and non-RCV contests. McDaniel also ignored the fact that in Bay Area RCV elections held in even years – at the same time as federal and state elections, when turnout is highest -- the “undervote” (that is, the dropoff in ballots cast for governor or mayor) has declined, which contradicts his thesis that the act of ranking ballots in RCV elections is too complex and presents a barrier for certain demographics of voters. To his credit, McDaniel actually acknowledged another contradiction in his own paper, which found a negative RCV turnout effect in some odd-year elections but not others, admitting that “may present a challenge to the theory that increased complexity [from RCV] will have a marginal negative effect on voter turnout.” But he tried to wallpaper over that contradiction by blaming it on an unlikely source -- bad election administration. McDaniels wrote, “This would suggest that the negative impact of RCV on voter participation may be alleviated by high quality election administration,” without presenting any data or even anecdotes to support such an unfounded theory. While competent election administration of any election, whether RCV or non-RCV, is crucially important, there is no credible research that supports the far-fetched notion that the quality of election administration has much of an impact on voter turnout in US elections, whether using RCV or otherwise. Upgrade to a $5 subscription The unvirtuous circle of academic research It is puzzling how McDaniel’s first study could have survived the peer review process for the Journal of Urban Affairs. The mistakes in McDaniel’s first study above should have been obvious to anyone with a basic understanding of ranked choice voting as well as elections in general, and elections in San Francisco specifically. It undermines faith in the credibility of the peer review process to think that a jury of peer political scientists did not catch the egregious errors and reject McDaniel’s sloppy research and paper. And it remains a black mark on political science that this thoroughly discredited study has been cited dozens of times by other researchers. Indeed, in our research paper it became apparent that many political scientists cite each other’s flawed research to pad their list of citations and to legitimize their own flawed research, creating an unvirtuous circle of political science. More broadly, McDaniel’s voter turnout studies, like other studies evaluating RCV’s impact on turnout, lacked a recognition that no credible opinion or research can claim that RCV increases voter turnout merely because so many voters are excited to vote for their favorite candidates instead of “lesser evil” candidates without worrying about spoilers. Instead, with respect to turnout, the advantage of RCV has always been that, in most places where it has been used, it has eliminated a pre-November primary or post-November runoff, which usually saw about half the turnout of the November general election. This is especially true during even years when there are state and federal elections on the ballot which substantially drive turnout more than local contests. Any study that does not adequately account for this non-November primary/runoff vs November general election dynamic, or odd year vs even year election factors, is simply not credible. Both of McDaniel’s studies largely failed on those grounds. Steven Hill and Paul Haughey Share Upgrade to a $5 subscription Thanks for reading DemocracySOS…your digital portal for the pro-democracy movement. Subscribe for only $5 per month to receive full benefits and to support our work. Subscribe
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