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Aquaculture training course to cover best practices and business strategies
KINGSTON, R.I. – Jan. 8, 2026 – For the second year, Rhode Island Sea Grant will offer an intermediate-level aquaculture training course titled “Beyond the Basics for Businesses and Practitioners.” The 12-session course will be held virtually and at the University of Rhode Island’s Coastal Institute on the Narragansett Bay Campus on Tuesdays from 6-8 […]
Household burning of plastic waste in developing world is hidden health threat, study shows
The practice is ‘much more widespread’ than previously realised, researchers say, with serious environmental impact
Key Jaguars DB misses practice before Bills playoff game
Fans are keeping an eye on the injury report after a key defender missed practice ahead of the Jaguars' Wild Card clash with the Bills.
Butler to host conference on entrepreneurship through acquisition
The practice of buying a business is nothing new, but entrepreneurship through acquisition—or ETA as it is often called—has caught on in recent years among both mid-career individuals and recent college graduates who want to become business owners but don’t want to start a company from scratch.
Passionate, Energetic and Consistent - Kansas State University Athletics
Nick Toth hasn't been here long. He arrived at the Vanier Family Football Complex, looked at the indoor football practice facility, checked out the football ...
New law expands protections for New Yorkers against unfair business practices
Stronger protections are coming for New Yorkers under the recently signed FAIR Act.
Taxpayers miss out on millions after ‘phoenixism’ at UK recruitment firms
Practice where companies are liquidated and reacquired, free of debts, thought to cost taxpayers about £800m a year
2026 Focused Health 250 - February 28, 2026
View 2026 Focused Health 250 race, qualifier and practice leaderboards, live streams, bonus cameras, videos and odds information.
2026 Kansas Lottery 300 - April 18, 2026
View 2026 Kansas Lottery 300 race, qualifier and practice leaderboards, live streams, bonus cameras, videos and odds information.
Why Sleeping on a Consistent Schedule Is Important For Health
Working this overlooked practice into your sleep routine could have real benefits for your health.
Wellness trends worth taking into the new year (and some that aren't)
We reported on all sorts of products and practices promising to make you healthy last year. Here are the ones that stood up to science, and those that were mostly hype.
BizTips from SCORE: Setting goals for the New Year
Goal setting is a strategic practice that shapes the year ahead. Take time to think about your business and personal goals.
Steelers make roster move ahead of Week 18 vs. Ravens
The Pittsburgh Steelers elevated a cornerback from their practice squad ahead of the Week 18 matchup against the Baltimore Ravens.
‘Practice Launch 90′ program aims to help open more health practices faster
Are you frustrated with how long it can take to get a doctor’s appointment? One Vermont-based company is pitching a quick fix to this region’s long-lasting problem.
Steelers’ T.J. Watt scheduled to return vs. Ravens after partial lung collapse: ‘I’m excited to play’
After additional practice participation this week, Watt expects to play, he told reporters. “I feel really good. Not sure I could’ve said that a week ago,” Watt said.
Panthers Will Eventually Get to Business at Miami Winter Classic
MIAMI — The Florida Panthers certainly seem to be enjoying themselves as there was a festive, vacation-like atmosphere for Thursday’s NHL Winter Classic practice at LoanDepot Park. Both the Panthers and Rangers were in Miami following a loss, only Thursday was not about that. New Year’s Day was for checking out this unique Winter Classic […]
Packers make two more changes to practice squad on Thursday
The Packers made two more changes to the practice squad on Thursday, signing one player and placing another on injured reserve.
Broncos injury report: Starting linebacker remains sidelined
Broncos LB Dre Greenlaw (hamstring) missed a second day of practice.
Practice Photos: Thursday 1.1.26
Head inside Intermountain Health Performance Center as the Raiders get ready for their Week 18 home game against the Kansas City Chiefs.
Raising the Bar: New York Expands Consumer Protection Law with FAIR Business Practices Act
New York Governor Kathy Hochul has signed into law the most significant update to New York’s consumer protection law in 45 years — the Fostering Affordability and Integrity through Reasonable Business…
Short-handed Leafs Shut Out Devils
Sheldon Keefe’s shooter tutors didn’t help. The New Jersey Devils still can’t score. Two days after Keefe resorted to using shooter tutors in practice, the Devils went to Toronto, fired 33 pucks on Leafs’ goalie Joseph Woll, and lost 4-0 to a Toronto team that was without the services of Auston Matthews and William Nylander. […]
Packers make 7 roster moves ahead of Week 18’s action
The Green Bay Packers still have an open roster spot on the 53-man roster and the practice squad.
America’s Year of Health-Care Chaos Will Have These Consequences
The unprecedented turmoil at the US’ top health agencies, under the leadership of Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., is sure to have a long-term impact on the well-being of Americans. Although Kennedy’s mantra has been to “Make America Healthy Again,” the most visible changes he and his allies have made within the Department of Health and Human Services in 2025 appear, in practice, designed to do the opposite.
Performative Cruelty and the Politics of Fear: From Vienna to the US Border
Performative cruelty is an ancient practice, even though the phrase itself is new. Gladiatorial fights (Ancient Rome, c. 264 BCE–5th century CE) in arenas like the Colosseum were intentionally staged...
Audit of the Financial and Operating Practices of the Joint Health Insurance Stabilization Fund
To the Residents of the City of New York, My office has audited the Health Insurance Stabilization Fund (HISF) to determine the Fund’s financial condition, whether the Fund was used for its intended purpose(s), and whether expenditures were reasonable, appropriate, adequately supported, and properly authorized. The audit found that HISF...
Unforgettable performances: 2025 sports year in review of local athletes' amazing achievements | Los Gatan
As the calendar turns, it’s impossible to reflect on the past year without celebrating the remarkable memories created by the Los Gatos High School sports teams and the student-athletes. From Friday Night Lights to packed gyms and early-morning practices, individuals and teams delivered performances that went far beyond the scoreboard. There were unforgettable comebacks, record-setting […]
BUSINESS PERSPECTIVES: BerkShares Business of the Month is Hilltown Restaurant
"Food has been in my blood and in my soul and in my family. Providing hospitality and connecting people through food just feels natural to me. At Hilltown we aim to practice a 'joyful hospitality,'" said Hilltown chef and owner Rafi Bildner.
Panthers sign former 1st-round pick to active roster
The Panthers signed former first-round pick Isaiah Simmons from the practice squad before their Week 17 matchup vs. the Seahawks.
Oregon Nurses Association rejects contract offer, extends strike against Legacy Health
Advanced practice providers represented by the Oregon Nurses Association rejected the tentative agreement reached with Legacy Health reached Dec. 23.
Advanced practice providers reject tentative agreement with Legacy Health
Where Is Jodi Hildebrandt Now? Her Prison Sentence & More
Her practice and downfall will be explored in the new Netflix doc 'Evil Influencer: The Jodi Hildebrandt Story.'
These small business owners will become uninsured after key ACA subsidies expire
When patients come to Eric Frankenfeld’s chiropractic practice with insurance woes, his wife, Lisa, the office manager, tells them not to worry because she’ll work with them to keep care affordable.
These small business owners will become uninsured after key ACA subsidies expire
When patients come to Eric Frankenfeld’s chiropractic practice with insurance woes, his wife, Lisa, the office manager, tells them not to worry because she’ll work with them to keep care affordable.
These small business owners will become uninsured after key ACA subsidies expire
When patients come to Eric Frankenfeld’s chiropractic practice with insurance woes, his wife, Lisa, the office manager, tells them not to worry because she’ll work with them to keep care affordable.
Striking Oregon, SW Washington health workers reach tentative deal to end walkout
The 140 advanced practice providers began their strike earlier this month.
Let nurses fix NC’s health care shortage
NC is one of only 12 states that still requires advanced practice registered nurses to maintain a costly, physician‑supervised collaborative practice agreement before they can see patients on their own.
Costco, Wawa, Sheetz, and more: These 55 business locations opened in central Pa. in 2025
The list includes more than 50 businesses that opened locations in the region in 2025, including medical practices, convenience stores, a sports card shop, a doggie daycare, grocery stores, bookstores, thrift stores, discount stores, housing, a vendor marketplace, a sneaker store, large membership-only warehouses and a pet store.
T.J. Watt returns to practice with Steelers weeks after surgery to fix partially collapsed lung
Steelers’ TJ Watt Returns To Practice on Wednesday
Pittsburgh Steelers pass rusher TJ Watt has returned to practice.
Lions elevate 2 players from practice squad for Vikings game
2 Detroit Lions practice squad players will be available on Christmas vs. the Minnesota Vikings.
Bills list Josh Allen as limited in Wednesday's practice
New York Enacts FAIR Business Practices Act Expanding State Consumer Protection Law
On December 19, New York Governor Kathy Hochul signed into law S8416, amending New York’s General Business Law to enact the Fostering Affordability and
Practice Photos: Wednesday 12.24.25
Take a look inside Intermountain Health Performance Center to view the best photos from Wednesday's practice as the Raiders prepare for their Week 17 matchup against the New York Giants.
Richmond startup Ohm Health launches first product: a humming, glowing "breathing lamp"
The company, founded by Temperpack cofounder James McGoff, recently began taking pre-orders for its “breathing lamp,” which allows customers to practice breathing in rhythm with the hum and glow of the light.
Mad about Science: The solarwinds hack » Sandpoint Reader
By Brenden BobbyReader Columnist It’s important to practice good cybersecurity when you’re at home or at your job. Don’t click links you can’t verify. Don’t open emails from people you don’t recognize trying to...
Lions practice report: Detroit updates injury outlook vs. Vikings
The Lions released their Tuesday practice report, updating Detroit's injury outlook at the Minnesota Vikings.
Nine mental-health tips for a happier 2026
Regardless of any resolutions you may have for 2026, one thing is for sure: Everyone wants to have a happy new year.While losing weight or saving money may be great goals, the most straightforward path to happiness is caring for your mental and emotional health. A robust body of research shows that simple cognitive and behavioral strategies can reliably boost happiness and reduce stress – and they’re generally free and accessible to all.These strategies don’t have to be super time-consuming, but they do require intention: They only work if you do them.Here, psychologist Valentina Ogaryan, PhD, clinical director of the Simms/Mann UCLA Center for Integrative Oncology, shares her top tips for cultivating more calm, centeredness and happiness in the new year (or anytime):Make time for playPlay isn’t just for kids, and it’s far from frivolous. The National Institute for Play says engaging in silliness, fun and just-for-pleasure activities reduces stress and increases optimism and resilience. A recent review also found that play improves mental health.“Adults can benefit from play as much as children,” Dr. Ogaryan says, “not just as a reward, but something that helps regulate.”So go ahead and dance with your dog, build something with Legos, tell a joke, sing karaoke or do anything else that feels like fun. Don’t worry about being productive, just enjoy yourself. And, if you can, opt for more analog play, Dr. Ogaryan suggests, as a respite from our ever-more-digital world. Move your bodyWhether you dance, ski, do yoga, play pickleball, ride a bike, roller-skate, hike or lift weights, physical movement benefits overall happiness and well-being. A 2018 review study of more than 1.2 million adults in the U.S. found that doing any kind of exercise was “significantly and meaningfully associated” with better self-reported mental health.The sweet spot was 45 minutes of movement three to five times a week, but even short bursts of physical activity can boost brain health, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.“Movement helps support mood and regulate the nervous system,” Dr. Ogaryan says.Plus: exercise can improve sleep quality, and sleep is essential for mental health.Prioritize sleep“Sleep plays a major role in managing stress,” Dr. Ogaryan says. Research shows that lack of sufficient sleep increases the risk of various diseases, including depression.While stress can interfere with sleep, practicing good sleep hygiene can make logging ZZ’s easier. That means maintaining a consistent bedtime; keeping the bedroom cool, dark and quiet; and avoiding social media, news and stimulating shows before bed.Consume lessWe live in a consumer culture, inundated by endless streams of content and advertising everywhere we go, which makes it easy to get overstimulated.“Something really helpful for stress reduction is to simply consume less,” Dr. Ogaryan says – less news, less social media, less information, less noise, less screen time. “It’s about reducing the input,” she says.Consider setting a maximum number of news articles per day, for example, or a time limit on scrolling. Maybe even go device free for an afternoon or a whole day.Practice present-moment awarenessWith so much coming at us all the time, focusing on the here and now can make life feel more manageable, Dr. Ogaryan says: “When everything feels super overwhelming, when everything feels larger than life, let’s make our world a little bit smaller for that moment in time.”She suggests taking things one day, or even one hour, at a time. Ask yourself: What’s my next right action? Release the need to know how everything turns out and liberate yourself from having to handle everything right now. Let the future take care of itself and just focus on the current moment. Then the next one. Have a daily anchorFrom work to the daily commute to family and life responsibilities, our days can feel jam-packed. Dr. Ogaryan recommends creating a centering daily anchor that can fit into even the busiest day.Maybe it’s a 10-minute walk during your lunch break or mindfully enjoying your coffee in the morning. Let your anchor adapt to your needs each day, she says, but be intentional about using that time to ground yourself and calm your nervous system. You might even say to yourself, “I choose this walk to help me become centered,” or “My day already feels stressful, so I’m going to take the next 10 minutes to enjoy this cup of coffee, feel the warm mug in my hand and just be present.” Having an anchor won’t erase the busy-ness from your day, but it will allow you to approach it more calmly.Be kind to yourselfMost of us have a harsh inner critic in our heads who works overtime. But that critical voice only increases our stress, triggering the same fight-or-flight response as caustic words from another person.To feel happier, we need to replace that inner critic with a kinder, more compassionate voice, Dr. Ogaryan says. Studies show that self-compassion is a source of eudaimonic happiness – the kind of happiness associated with purpose and meaning in life.While our knee-jerk reaction may be to self-criticize – “How could you let it get to this point? You didn’t manage your time well and now the project is going to be late. You’re so inept.” – we fare better mentally by treating ourselves with kindness, like we would a friend. That might sound like, “You’ve got a lot on your plate, but you are capable and you’ll get it done. I believe in you.”We may think that speaking kindly to ourselves means letting ourselves off the hook, so we end up becoming lazy do-nothings. But research shows the opposite: People who are self-compassionate are more likely to try harder in the face of failure and ultimately reach their goals.You can thank your inner critic for its good intentions, but resolve to talk to yourself in a kind, compassionate voice.Connect with othersHumans are social animals built for connection. Stress can be isolating and cause us to withdraw, but connecting with others is a salve for the psyche, Dr. Ogaryan says.“We know that not all relationships are always easy, but if we can think about intentional, nourishing connection – even in really small doses – it could really help center us,” she says.Take a moment to laugh with your colleagues, hug your pet, have a conversation with a friend or smile at the barista making your coffee. A study found that even tiny interactions with casual acquaintances and strangers decreases loneliness and improves happiness and well-being.Seek supportIf you try these practices and happiness remains elusive, or if you can’t access the wherewithal to follow these tips, seek support from your physician or a therapist. Mental health conditions are among the most common health issues in the U.S. and around the world – more prevalent than diabetes or heart disease. One in five people in the U.S. experiences a mental illness each year, with depression and anxiety the most common, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.“We can all think about these tips,” Dr. Ogaryan says. “But it’s important to recognize if you’ve done everything you can and you’re still really struggling, it’s really important to seek help.”
RWJBarnabas Health’s Monmouth Medical Center and Seaview Orthopaedics Partner with Operation Walk USA
Monmouth Medical Center (MMC), an RWJBarnabas Health facility, and Seaview Orthopaedics, a partner practice of RWJBarnabas Health, teamed up to give the gift of mobility to two Jersey Shore residents this holiday season through Operation Walk USA, a nationwide initiative that provides free joint replacement surgeries to uninsured patients in need.
Recap: What happened at OKC Thunder's Sunday, Dec. 21 practice
Recap: What happened at Oklahoma City Thunder's Sunday, Dec. 21 practice.
Brittany Minor joins Essentia Health-Mid Dakota Bismarck Kirkwood Clinic to practice family medicine
Brittany Minor, an advanced practice registered nurse and certified nurse practitioner who will practice family medicine, is excited to join the Essentia Health-Mid Dakota Bismarck Kirkwood Clinic.
Initial Impressions from the Oklahoma Game
Well, that was something. Alabama opened last night’s game looking like the team we saw in Atlanta. Frankly, they looked like an unprepared team perhaps led by a coach who had been distracted at practice. Down 17-0 in the second quarter without so much as a single first down for the offense, rallying for 27 […]
‘Better than the hallway.’ Science students thrive in new, expansive Saline STEAM center
The center has a large, flexible space, an open classroom outfitted with small group meetings rooms and a robotics workshop and practice field.
‘A potential treasure trove’: World Health Organization to explore benefits of traditional medicines
UN body to study possibility of integrating centuries-old practices into mainstream healthcare
Sierra Link joins Essentia Health-South University Clinic to practice pulmonology
Sierra Link, an advanced practice registered nurse and certified nurse practitioner, is excited to join the Essentia Health-South University Clinic to practice pulmonology.
Mikado cleared to open again after health board closure - The Martha's Vineyard Times
A popular Asian restaurant on Main Street in Vineyard Haven was temporarily closed for unsafe food handling practices last week but was cleared to open again on Friday. The Tisbury Board of Health penalized Mikado Asian Bistro and cited several public health concerns, including that soup and rice were left out overnight to be served […]
Cox Communications, Inc. v. Sony Music Entertainment: SCOTUS & Copyright Law
On December 1, 2025, the Supreme Court of the United States heard oral arguments in the landmark copyright case, Cox Communications, Inc. v. Sony Music Discover insightful episodes on Legal Talk Network's portfolio of legal podcasts featuring in-depth interviews and discussions with leaders in legal technology and practice management. Stay updated with the latest trends and tips for enhancing your legal practice.
Defensive injuries force Patriots to adapt ahead of Ravens game
The Patriots had four starters missing from practice on Thursday.
Kennedy, US health officials outline new rules, warnings to block transgender care for youth in the US
US Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and other health officials said Thursday that the federal government will block hospitals and doctors from providing transgender care to children, saying, “this is not medicine, it is malpractice.”
Patriots Wednesday Week 16 injury report: Multiple starters out
Multiple starters were listed as non-participants at the Patriots' practice on Wednesday, ahead of their Week 16 showdown with the Ravens.
Culture Council: Running a Business? 10 Ways to Stay Cool Under Pressure
High-stakes moments can make or break a business. As a leader, your personal practices and mindset can help you stay steady when it matters most.
House GOP moderates weigh deal with Democrats on ACA subsidies
"It's idiotic, it's political malpractice," Rep. Mike Lawler told reporters of Johnson refusing to give them a vote on ACA subsidies
Youth Mental Health Spotlighted at U.S. Launch of the Second Lancet Commission on Adolescent Health and Wellbeing | Johns Hopkins Center for Global Mental Health
In October 2025, global health leaders, policymakers, youth advocates, and researchers convened in the nation’s capital for a two-day A Call to Action for Youth Mental Health. The event served as the U.S. launch of the report of the Second Lancet Commission on Adolescent Health and Wellbeing, an international effort to address the urgent and escalating challenges facing adolescents worldwide. Hosted by the Johns Hopkins Center for Global Mental Health, the convening followed the World Health Assembly launch in May 2025. The next steps will be to continue collaborating with partners across the U.S. and the world to support the actions responsive to youth needs, including, Integrate youth lived experience expertise into mental health research, policy, and practiceApply data-driven accountability for equitable access to quality careShape urban environments to promote youth mental healthUnderstand gendered drivers and tailored responses to support youth mental healthCatalyze intersectoral engagement for youth mental health: health, education, and social support systems
Chincoteague Island featured in Business View Magazine
Chincoteague has been featured in Business View Magazine as part of the publication’s ongoing series highlighting economic growth and best practices in cities and towns across North America. The feature is based on an in-depth interview between Chincoteague Mayor Denise Bowden and Business View Magazine Editor-in-Chief Karen Surca, focusing on how the island community balances tourism-driven prosperity with long-term sustainability ... Read More
WHO highlights health risks and opportunities in the global waste crisis
A new World Health Organization (WHO) report, Throwing away our health: the impacts of solid waste on human health – evidence, knowledge gaps and health sector responses, warns that poorly managed solid waste is driving a public health crisis and calls for urgent action to protect people and the environments they live in.Globally, the volume of municipal solid waste is growing at an unprecedented rate. Yet, many countries still lack the systems and resources to manage this waste safely. “Solid waste reflects how our societies produce and consume, and how we treat people and the environment in the process,” said Dr Ruediger Krech, Director a.i., Department of Environment, Climate Change, One Health & Migration at the World Health Organization. “If we continue to treat waste as an afterthought, we will lock in avoidable disease, climate pollution and deep social inequities. This report is a clear call to put health and equity at the centre of how we design, manage and ultimately reduce waste.”The report summarizes evidence on how solid waste – especially municipal solid waste – affects health through polluted air, water, soil and food. When waste is not collected, or is dumped, burned or not poorly treated, it can release hazardous chemicals, contaminate drinking-water sources and create breeding grounds for insects and rodents.Communities underserved by waste management services, those living near dumpsites and poorly managed landfills and incinerators, children and pregnant women, as well as waste workers – particularly those working informally – face the greatest risks. For the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) community, the report underlines that safe management of municipal and health care waste is integral to safely managed, climate-resilient systems.A large share of municipal solid waste is still not collected or is disposed of in uncontrolled conditions, including open dumpsites and open burning. These practices damage ecosystems, contribute to climate change and undermine efforts to build healthy cities. When waste is properly managed, however, it can become a resource – generating energy and creating green jobs. The report calls for a coordinated, multisectoral response grounded in the waste hierarchy: preventing waste where possible, then reducing, reusing and recycling, with safe recovery and disposal.Key actions for governments and partners include reducing waste generation at source; expanding affordable and reliable waste collection services, especially in underserved communities; improving control at recovery and disposal facilities; and eliminating open dumping and burning, including hazardous waste. The new report identifies a central role for the health sector in addressing solid waste as a public health threat. The health sector can prevent and minimize health-care waste at source, improve segregation and safe treatment, invest in cleaner climate-resilient technologies, and advocate for health-protective policies and standards. The report also encourages more surveillance, research and biomonitoring to strengthen the evidence base, and promotes social protection and inclusion of informal waste workers.“This report gives countries and health authorities a very practical agenda,” said Mr Bruce Gordon, Head, Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health Unit, WHO. “Health ministries can start now by ensuring safe management of health-care waste, developing strong occupational health programmes for waste workers, and working with municipalities to reduce health risks from solid waste by closing open dumps and burn sites and gradually improving towards safe services. These concrete steps save lives today and will make cities cleaner and healthier in the future.
Video games can get kids to practice science skills
Though some might see video games as a distraction, a new study suggests they can actually serve as a place to practice key science skills.
Kinesiology and Health Sciences Program: Preparing Students for Dynamic Careers in Human Movement
Alma College’s Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences (KHS) is evolving — building on decades of expertise while expanding opportunities for students to engage deeply with human movement, clinical practice,
Kinesiology and Health Sciences Program: Preparing Students for Dynamic Careers in Human Movement
Alma College’s Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences (KHS) is evolving — building on decades of expertise while expanding opportunities for students to engage deeply with human movement, clinical practice,
Kevin Stefanski Press Conference: "Be about our business"
Kevin Stefanski speaks to the media following practice.
Boston hospital cafeteria addresses health code violations after inspection
A December health inspection found multiple violations, including temperature control problems and poor sanitation practices.
T.J. Watt sent to hospital with lung issue after experiencing discomfort at Steelers practice facility
A Philly restaurant came clean about its Health Department shutdown. Was that the right call?
Cafe Michelangelo’s management chose to explain, point by point, the issues that led the city to close it temporarily. The restaurant also has vowed to improve its sanitation practices.
12 Days of Regulatory Insights: Day 6 – Sports Wagering, Player Proposition Bets, and Prediction Market Battles
In this episode of our special 12 Days of Regulatory Insights podcast series, Stephen Piepgrass is joined by Cole White from our RISE Practice Group's
Steelers sign fourth-year offensive tackle ahead of Week 15
The Pittsburgh Steelers have signed OT Dylan Cook to the active roster off the practice squad ahead of the Week 15 matchup against the Miami Dolphins.
From classroom to community: Student’s journey exemplifies ‘public health in action’
When Waveney Brooks transferred to the University of Kentucky as a sophomore, she never imagined that a classroom experience would open the door to real-world public heath practice across Kentucky. What started as a broad introduction to the many disciplines of well-being soon grew into a purposeful public health career path defined by mentorship, community engagement and purpose.
The New WHO Pandemic Treaty and Global Health Governance: Incorporating Common but Differentiated Responsibilities into PABS - Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
On May 20, 2025, the World Health Assembly unanimously adopted the World Health Organization (WHO) Pandemic Agreement, an international treaty designed to strengthen pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. The product of three years of arduous negotiations, the treaty marks a new era of global cooperation in public health. However, core aspects of the agreement remain unresolved—notably the Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) System, which is intended to ensure equitable access to pandemic-related materials and benefits. To support the successful implementation of the WHO Pandemic Agreement, the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” should be formally incorporated into the negotiating agenda of the PABS annex. Introduction For the first time, an international treaty has enshrined the principle of “One Health,” the compelling idea that the health of animals, humans, and the environment all contribute to pandemic risks. SARS (2003), H1N1 (2009–10), Ebola (2014–16), and COVID-19 all emerged through zoonotic spillover from animal hosts—respectively, civets, hogs, and bats. Together, they underscore the need for a coordinated, cross-sectoral approach. The Pandemic Agreement responds to this call, requiring state parties to acknowledge the ecological interplay and commit to a comprehensive “One Health” strategy. Specifically, Article 5 charges governments to address “the drivers of pandemics and the emergence and re-emergence of infectious disease at the human-animal-environment interface,” including wild animal markets, deforestation, and antibiotic overuse. Yet the effectiveness of this “One Health” vision depends equally on the free flow of scientific information and data among countries and institutions. Just as environmental and animal health factors have been neglected in past global frameworks, so too has data sharing been marginalized, despite its centrality to timely detection and response. The Pandemic Agreement takes an important step by requiring governments to enhance data collection and cooperate with the World Health Organization (WHO). However, these provisions will remain aspirational without a robust Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) annex. The PABS system will determine whether countries and researchers can rapidly exchange pathogen samples and genetic data while ensuring equitable access to resulting research and development, including diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. Without such mechanisms, the treaty’s promise to operationalize “One Health” and strengthen global preparedness will risk becoming largely symbolic, echoing earlier failures to translate shared principles into coordinated action. Equity Concerns When the 2025 Health Assembly adopted the Pandemic Agreement, it left the difficult question of access to pathogens and the sharing of resulting benefits to be addressed in a separate agreement. Negotiations on this separate agreement, PABS, are now underway in Geneva. Yet governments remain divided over fundamental questions of equity between the countries that primarily contribute to the system and those that primarily draw from it—and consequently benefit. For example, wildlife in countries bordering the equator is likely to produce PABS materials, but companies in Europe are likely to use them to develop lucrative products. The most likely contributor countries are likely to be those biodiverse countries around the equator, such as Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Indonesia, where the number of human-mammalian viral host interactions is large. Conversely, countries most likely to benefit from this material are those with the technology, investors, and infrastructure to capitalize on genomic data, such as the United States, EU member states, and Japan. This imbalance reflects a broader pattern seen in prior international frameworks. Now, as in the past, the wealthiest countries in the world (a useful heuristic is membership of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)) disproportionately benefit from systems in which pathogens and genomic sequencing data are contributed to a common source. Under the International Agreement on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the “Plant Treaty” or “Seed Treaty”) and the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework, companies from Europe and North America disproportionately withdraw biological samples and data for development into lucrative medical products. Their governments and companies have both statutory and contractual claims to the products that those companies correspondingly produce. PABS appears poised to follow the same pattern. The text calls for strong language on access to pathogens and associated data, but the corresponding benefits that should flow to poorer countries are couched in equivocal or non-binding language. Common but Differentiated Responsibilities To address these inequities, the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” should be formally incorporated into the negotiating agenda of the PABS annex. Common but differentiated responsibilities are often a feature of climate change negotiations. The basic principle is that, even though all countries should reduce carbon emissions, governments that became rich and powerful through massive carbon emissions (e.g., France, the United Kingdom, the United States) should have a greater obligation to address the resulting crises. Applied to PABS, it would require that governments hosting and supporting companies developing lucrative products carry greater obligations toward the cost of running the PABS system; share benefits or final medical products; and transfer technology to help countries worldwide develop their own capacities to innovate and manufacture vaccines during an emergency. For example, an annex could mandate that any company based in an OECD country that withdraws PABS material would be obligated to donate the resulting diagnostics, therapeutics, or vaccines to the WHO during a public health emergency or pandemic. Questions remain about how robust those donations would be, but the principle is that they should deliver highly significant lifesaving benefits to be equitably shared. Theoretically, this approach mirrors the PIP Framework, in which companies withdrawing influenza samples are required to pay half of the operating costs. In practice, however, the framework has fallen short. The PIP Framework Secretariat has struggled to secure payments from companies, with companies often disagreeing over how much is owed. Additionally, without another pandemic influenza to test the strength of the agreement during a public health emergency, corporate compliance with sharing mechanisms remains unknown. Even if these limitations did not characterize the PIP Framework, partially paying for operating expenses does not address the inequity in access to genetic data and pathogen samples that left less developed countries last in line for COVID-19 vaccines (and, before them, H1N1). Common but differentiated responsibilities would go further, addressing governments’ legitimate grievances regarding information sharing. It would make withdrawals of PABS material and resulting products more transparent, building trust across the board. Enforcement and Enduring Success A key implication of this approach is that the governing mechanism of the PABS must have real enforcement authority. The WHO Pandemic Agreement delegates its core governance responsibilities to a Conference of the Parties (COP)—a governing body composed of one representative from each participating government, similar to those established under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The proposed WHO Pandemic Agreement COP is charged with oversight functions but ultimately possesses no real authority to compel a government to take any action it does not wish to take. The text does not give the COP the ability to, for example, sanction a party that does not comply with either textual obligations or PABS provisions. In other words, there are no effective mechanisms in place to ensure compliance. Perhaps just as significant, establishing a meaningful enforcement mechanism within the PABS system would strengthen the WHO’s credibility and its ability to ensure compliance across global health governance. By setting a precedent for accountability, such a mechanism could enhance the organization’s authority not only within the Pandemic Agreement but also in enforcing the revised International Health Regulations and other frameworks for public health emergencies. Conclusion The PABS annex can—and should—be different. It should establish clear responsibilities for funding as well as for sharing the diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines that result from contributions to the system. The system, in turn, must include a dedicated body empowered to hold governments and the corporations they sponsor accountable for their responsibilities before, during, and after pandemics. Doing so would restore trust in the broader agreement, which was eroded as commitments were repeatedly diluted while parties scrambled to meet their own self-imposed deadlines during the Pandemic Agreement negotiations. A robust PABS Annex would cement a grand social bargain. Wealthier countries and their corporations would gain unimpeded access to scientific information essential for developing and manufacturing lifesaving medical products. As such, they would stand to gain considerable economic benefit. Yet that privilege must be matched with responsibility. The grand bargain must include not only the right to innovate, but also the duty to ensure that innovation serves all. As medical products are developed and produced through collective contributions, every person must have equal access. All human beings deserve an equitable chance to survive—to save their own life, the lives of their families, and the well-being of their communities. … Sam Halabi, JD, MPhil, is the Bette Jacobs Endowed Professor at Georgetown University’s School of Health and the Director of the Center for Transformational Health Law at Georgetown Law. He serves as the co-lead for the WHO’s Working Group on Regulatory Consideration on AI and Health’s training workstream. He earned his JD from Harvard, his MPhil from Oxford, and undergraduate degrees from Kansas State University. Lawrence Gostin, LLD (Hon.), JD, BA, is University Distinguished Professor and Founding Director and Timothy and Linda O’Neill Professor of the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law. He is the author of Global Health Security: A Blueprint for the Future (Harvard University Press, 2021); Global Health Law (Harvard University Press, 2014); Public Health Law: Power, Duty, Restraint (University of California Press, 3rd ed., 2016); Public Health Law and Ethics: A Reader (University of California Press, 3rd ed., 2018); Law and the Health System (Foundation Press, 2014); Principles of Mental Health Law & Practice (Oxford University Press, 2010). He also directs the WHO Collaborating Center at Georgetown University. Image Credit: United States Mission Geneva, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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