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Premier League predictions and best bets: Another 1-0 to the Arsenal?
Watch Leeds vs Burnley, Arsenal vs Fulham, Bournemouth vs Crystal Palace, Man Utd vs Liverpool, Chelsea vs Nottingham Forest and Everton vs Manchester City live on Sky Sports; play Super 6 for a chance to win £250,000!
Who Cares Wins: The Science Of Transformational Value Creation
Who Cares Wins shows how care-based leadership, built on trust, empathy, openness, and backed by science, drives superior business results, safety and innovation.
RI House poised to vote to move presidential primary to Super Tuesday
Rhode Island lawmakers are set to vote on a bill to move the state's presidential primary to Super Tuesday in 2028.
Back Patriots to Suffer from Super Bowl Hangover, Difficult Schedule
Next NFL season will do little to resemble last season, according to Will Hill, who is betting New England will underperform.
New ROG Xbox Ally Updates: Docking Improvements, Auto SR Preview, Collective Library, Enhanced Vibration, and More
For ROG Xbox Ally, we’re rolling out updates that deliver an improved experience, including docking improvements, an Auto Super Resolution preview, and more.
'My Adventures With Superman' sets season 3 premiere, previews 'Reign of the Supermen' (exclusive)
'My Adventures With Superman' sets season 3 premiere date as showrunner Jake Wyatt confirms the show will tackle 'Reign of the Supermen.' See an exclusive first look at Cyborg Superman.
Taylor Swift to be inducted into the Central Pennsylvania Music Hall of Fame
Next year, pop superstar Taylor Swift will be inducted into the Central Pennsylvania Music Hall of Fame.
Patriots LB Robert Spillane sheds light on ankle issue
The team captain met with the media on Tuesday for the first time since the Super Bowl.
Texas A&M great Von Miller honored with TSHOF induction
Von Miller, Texas A&M All-American and Super Bowl MVP, has been inducted into the Texas Sports Hall of Fame, honoring one of the greatest Aggies ever.
Trump is betting his blockade will defy history and break Iran
President Donald Trump’s maritime blockade is the latest attempt to test a thus far unproven theory of the Iran war — that superior US might will inevitably break the Islamic Republic.
Super Mario Galaxy 2 1.4.0 update out now, patch notes - includes new story in storybook
Patch notes now available for new version 1.4.0 update for Super Mario Galaxy 2 on Nintendo Switch, including new story in the storybook.
Viewpoint: A career in science is possible, and worth it
Starting a career in science is exciting, but also demanding, with researchers often faced with intense competition, long working hours and high levels of stress. A pioneer in the field of mass spectrometry, Carol Robinson has been there. She speaks with Science|Business on the importance of creating a supportive environment, particularly for women.Robinson did not wake up one day thinking that she would become a scientist. It was only late in school that she developed an interest in chemistry. “The more you work at something, the more you think, actually, this is fascinating. So, I went much further and deeper than I ever needed to pass the exam. And then I loved it,” she says. “I thought, I’m going to give it my all. I’m going to enjoy it while I’m here. But I didn’t think this would be my career for 50 odd years.”She left school at 16 to become a lab technician with the drug company Pfizer, which is where she first worked with mass spectrometry. Fascinated, she was encouraged to take a part-time degree and then a PhD. She went on to do pioneering work in native mass spectrometry, a technique that is used to study protein structures in their natural state, paving the way for breakthroughs in drug discovery. She also broke new ground by becoming the first female professor of chemistry at the University of Cambridge, and then the first female professor of chemistry at the University of Oxford, her current home.She now wants to show young researchers that a career in science is worth it. “Sometimes, I believe the culture isn’t very encouraging, and that’s something I have worked on,” Robinson says.In 2021, she launched the Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery at Oxford, whose acronym gives a sense of what she hopes it will achieve. “Maybe it is corny,” she says. “It’s just a reminder that I would like it if we could all be kind to each other and supportive, especially for early-career researchers of either gender, because there’s quite a big attrition rate in science, and maybe it just doesn’t feel like a very friendly place to work.”And yet, a career in science comes with a lot of flexibility. “There are few careers where you have that amount of freedom, to go to conferences, to the library. Just because you didn’t see me didn’t mean I wasn’t working,” she says. “And I’m excited to come in every day. So, I don’t want people to think it’s a terrible place.”Gender equality is also important when it comes to the quality of science as a career. “The more women we have, the better it becomes,” Robinson adds.Imposter syndromeAccording to EU data, women outnumber men in university education but account for just about a third of graduates in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (Stem). And while the number of women working as scientists and engineers in the 27-member bloc is on the rise, their representation remains below that of men, at 41%. This discrepancy is even more pronounced in top-tier functions across these fields, where women fill just 20% of positions.Having supervised many young scientists, Robinson sees that women continue to have a greater propensity than men to doubt their abilities, a feeling she once shared. “When I was doing my PhD at the University at Cambridge, I really felt like an imposter,” she says. “I don’t think I ever felt I deserved to be there or owned it and was proud. I just thought I was lucky.” Later on, she adds, “I was always that person who said, I can’t apply yet because my CV is not strong enough.”She has now made it her job to encourage women to break with this imposter syndrome. For example, rather than calling for volunteers to give a lecture in the groups that she mentors or teaches, which nearly always results in men stepping forward, she goes straight to the women, “because I know they won’t push themselves forward.”But the gender gap in science is not just down to imposter syndrome. The “obvious” reason, Robinson says, and the reason that is on everybody’s mind when discussing workplace gender equality, is the balance between work and raising a family. Her own path was to choose between the two, taking an eight-year break after completing a postdoctoral training fellowship to bring up three children. And she continues to advise women not to work part-time while they raise a family. “You’ll just get half the pay and continue to work full-time because you are not able to fit everything in,” she says. “You should be able to have a family and come back to have the career that you want.”The solution is for men to also take career breaks. “That kind of evens it up, so that it’s not such a big thing for women,” Robinson says. “I always encourage men in my groups to do that. I think it’s important to take your share of the duties.”Support produces resultsAccording to the Women in Stem Network, a UK advocacy group, countries with strong childcare systems and equal pay policies retain more women in technical careers. In Europe, these are primarily found in the Nordic region and parts of central Europe.At the EU level, the European Commission asks all Horizon Europe applicant organisations to have a gender action plan in place. Since this criterion was introduced in 2021, the share of women leading consortia has increased to 31%, against 23% in Horizon 2020. Their overall participation, however, has risen just 1%, to 38%. After trying to weaken the requirement for gender action plans in 2025, the Commission now intends to adopt a plan for supporting women in research and innovation.Related articlesCommission scraps plan to water down gender requirements in HorizonHow gender balance can swing who wins Horizon Europe fundingRobinson herself has benefited from three Advanced Grants from the European Research Council. “I was extremely honoured and privileged to get those, because they really allowed me to fuel my passion,” she says. “Without that, it would have been a much harder slog.”Beyond applying gender rules, she says that more work is needed on translational enterprise, where women are, once again, largely underrepresented. The European Patent Office found that only 13.8% of applications were filed by women in 2022. “We have so many more women doing amazing science; why do they feel it’s not a thing to have a company?” she asks.She founded her own spin-out company, OMass Technologies, in 2016, and remains chair of its scientific advisory board now that it trades as OMass Therapeutics. As for research, Robinson is now studying how changes in the brain may be linked to depression, using port-mortem tissue. “We’re hoping to publish soon,” she says. “We had to consult with a lot of people who knew a lot more about the brain than we did. So, we’ve learnt a lot, and that’s always a lot of fun to learn a new thing. That’s what keeps you going.”
Board Approves Horvath Barger Motion To Reform Mental Health Care in LA County - Supervisor Lindsey P. Horvath
The Board unanimously approved a motion by Supervisors Horvath & Barger to reform and better integrate mental health care within the County’s homeless services system.
Super Friday entertainment at the 2026 Dutch Grand Prix announced
Afrojack, Flemming, Kraantje Pappie, Snelle and Snollebollekes have been announced for Super Friday at the 2026 Dutch Grand Prix in Zandvoort.
Superheroes visit patients at Denver Health as part of National Superhero Day
How the Rams made the bold business decision to draft QB Ty Simpson
Entering a season with Super Bowl aspirations, we dive into the Rams' reason for taking Simpson with their highest draft choice since 2016.
A one-in-a-million supernova seen five times could reveal the Universe’s true speed
A spectacular cosmic event nicknamed “SN Winny” could help solve one of astronomy’s biggest mysteries: how fast the universe is expanding. This rare superluminous supernova, located 10 billion light-years away, appears five times in the sky thanks to gravitational lensing, creating a dazzling “cosmic fireworks” effect. By measuring the slight delays between each appearance—caused by light taking different paths around two foreground galaxies—scientists can directly calculate the universe’s expansion rate.
After a Decade in Business, My Lil’ Cube Is Still a Super Flavorful Fave
Put your description here...
Horvath Moves To Protect Entertainment Jobs and Evaluate Economic Impact of Warner Bros. Acquisition - Supervisor Lindsey P. Horvath
Supervisor Horvath's statement on the incident at Whiteman Airport on Monday, April 20.
Reimaging Data Intelligence To Supercharge Agentic Business Outcomes
The vital role of reimaging data intelligence to deliver improved agentic business outcomes
Watch out for these Super Bowl longshots: Cowboys, Giants among five teams that could shake up the title race
After missing the playoffs last year, these sleeper teams used the offseason to make significant leaps toward contention
We Don’t Need to End Citizens United to Rein in Super PACs
A different court decision is to blame for the corrupting impact of super PACs, argues Harvard law professor Lawrence Lessig.
Audit finds Iowa ex-superintendent arrested by ICE had awarded business to consulting firm he was linked to
Dancer Ryota Takaji Talks Journey to U.S. Entertainment & Dancing in Bad Bunny’s Super Bowl Halftime Show: Unbound Japan Interview
Takaji calls the Super Bowl halftime "one of the biggest shows in America and every dancer's dream" in new Billboard Japan interview.
JENNIE: Psalms 100 Entertainment presents Pre-Mother’s Day Gospel Singing
AUGUSTA, Ga. (WJBF)– Sounds of joy will fill the air in Augusta, just in time for Mother’s Day! It’s a Pre-Mother’s Day Gospel Singing on Saturday, May 9th! Pslams 100 Enter…
T-Mobile launches SuperBroadband for business customers
The service combines T-Mobile's 5G network with SpaceX's Starlink satellites and claims to reach every ZIP code in the U.S.
T-Mobile launches SuperBroadband for business customers
The service combines T-Mobile's 5G network with SpaceX's Starlink satellites and claims to reach every ZIP code in the U.S.
Prisco's NFL Power Rankings, post-draft edition: Cowboys set to make Super Bowl push
A revamped defense and an explosive offense have Dallas primed to finally make a legitimate Super Bowl run under Dak Prescott.
Edinburgh sign Scottish-qualified scrum-half Chapman
Scottish-qualified scrum-half Louie Chapman can "push for the highest level" after the Crusaders man became Edinburgh's latest recruit. The 25-year-old is Edinburgh's third signing in the past week, following Hurricanes centre Riley Higgins and Scotland U20 back Geordie Gwynn from Ealing Trailfinders. Chapman qualifies for Scotland through his grandmother and has played five times for Crusaders in Super Rugby this season.
Russian superyacht Nord sails through blockaded Strait of Hormuz
The Nord, a multideck 464-foot pleasure vessel, is one of the few private ships to have made it past the blockaded strait.
San Diego Politics Show: The GOP civil war shaping the county’s District 5 race
Democrats could win a supermajority in San Diego County, but its an internal GOP feud defining the District Five race.
"Super ZSNES" is a stab at a modern SNES emulator from the original developers
Upgrades to SNES graphics and sound go way beyond the typical screen filtering.
The sequel to the iconic emulator ZSNES is called Super ZSNES, of course
Somehow, ZSNES has returned.
Aaron Judge makes Yankees history on his birthday
It was a 34th birthday to remember for Aaron Judge, and one that etched his name even deeper into New York Yankees history. The superstar slugger hit a homer on Sunday against the Astros and has now launched three home…
Scientists just captured a mysterious quantum “dance” inside superconductors
In a breakthrough experiment, scientists directly imaged how particles pair up in a system that mimics superconductors. Instead of behaving independently, the pairs moved in a synchronized, dance-like pattern—something never predicted before. This suggests a major gap in the classic theory of superconductivity.
Nuno Mendes, Dominik Szoboszlai, Harry Kane and Nico O'Reilly among players showing versatility is football's new superpower as game evolves
"No Vibe Coding" - ZSNES Has Been "Re-Written From Scratch" And Now Enhances Your Favourite SNES Games
Showcases the 'Super Enhancement Engine'
Directive 8020's Brief Demo Left Me Underwhelmed, Not Terrified
Supermassive Games' fifth entry in its Dark Pictures anthology delves into sci-fi.
Meet The Oklahoman's 2026 Super 5 boys basketball first team
The Super 5 boys basketball first team Millwood's Isaiah Wilks, Norman's Beau Billingsley, Midwest City's Deshawn Denson II, Dale's Denton Forsythe and Owasso's Jalen Montonati. Norman's Cory Cole is the Coach of the Year.
Finchum storms from 38th to lead early at Talladega
Chad Finchum uses the middle lane charge to surge from 38th on the grid to the lead laps at Talladega Superspeedway.
Super Bowl champion quarterback talks about how AI is revolutionizing the way we look at heart health
Super Bowl champion Steve Beuerlein talks to Fox News Digital about how AI has helped him be proactive about his cardiovascular health.
Liverpool v West Ham United
Follow live text commentary, score updates and match stats from Liverpool vs West Ham United in the Women's Super League
This Rich Hawaiʻi Super PAC Is Already Shaping A Key Statewide Election
Pacific Resource Partnership has become a major player in the state’s most important political races.
Everton v Chelsea
Follow live text commentary, score updates and match stats from Everton vs Chelsea in the Women's Super League
What is on the line as WSL reaches business end?
BBC Sport analyses the state of play in the Women's Super League with only a handful of games to go and the title, European qualification, relegation and promotion still to be decided.
‘Referendum on Sheriff Brown’: Politics and policy collide as supervisors split on jail authority bill
Disagreement comes amid a new county report showing controversial Sheriff’s Office overtime costs appear to be trending downward.
Graphene kills harmful bacteria “superbugs” but spares human cells
Scientists have uncovered how graphene oxide pulls off a remarkable trick: it hunts down and destroys harmful bacteria while leaving human cells completely unharmed. By targeting a molecule found only in bacterial membranes, this ultra-thin carbon-based material acts with laser-like precision—offering a powerful new alternative to traditional antibiotics. Even more exciting, it works against drug-resistant “superbugs,” promotes faster wound healing, and keeps its antibacterial strength even after repeated washing.
The ancient mountain kingdom where fantasy comes to life
They’re Westeros in “Game of Thrones.” They’re “Krypton” in the Superman prequel. The dense forests, twisting rivers and granite peaks of Northern Ireland’s Mourne Mountains have lived many lives and
The ancient mountain kingdom where fantasy comes to life
They’re Westeros in “Game of Thrones.” They’re “Krypton” in the Superman prequel. The dense forests, twisting rivers and granite peaks of Northern Ireland’s Mourne Mountains have lived many lives and
Cut in half: Nike ACG Ultrafly Trail Review (2026)
Nike ACG Ultrafly Trail review: Nike clearly listened to feedback from the first Ultrafly, and the ACG reboot delivers a much better product. We found in the lab that the new dual-plate setup, upgraded ZoomX foam, and lower weight create a true trail super shoe that surprised us right away. It's perfect for flying over gravel roads or easy, flat trails. The premium price is hard to ignore, and the high drop may divide opinions, but in our view, this is an amazing weapon for crushing all your personal bests.
Warner helps Kings keep PSL play-off hopes alive
Karachi Kings boosted their hopes of qualifying for the Pakistan Super League play-offs with a commanding nine-wicket win against Quetta Gladiators in Lahore. Chasing a target of 196, David Warner and Reeza Hendricks produced a 141-run second-wicket partnership to help the Kings finish the league stage with five wins in 10 matches. The Kings sit fourth with 10 points - two ahead of Lahore Qalandars and Hyderabad Kingsmen, who both have a game in hand.
Warming waters are supercharging an invasive salmon predator in Alaska
As Alaska’s rivers warm, invasive northern pike are becoming noticeably more voracious. Scientists discovered that pike of all ages are eating more fish, with young pike increasing consumption by over 60%. Warmer water speeds up their metabolism, pushing them to hunt more. This growing appetite could spell trouble for struggling salmon populations.
Tennessee Passed a Slate of Immigration Bills. Here’s What They Do.
The Republican supermajority in the Tennessee General Assembly approved a series of immigrations bills, crafted in coordination with the White House.
Famously streaming-averse Nintendo has finally added the Super Mario Galaxy 1 + 2 OST to Spotify, but the big picture makes it look like a very weird move
Nintendo is bringing one of its most celebrated OSTs to Spotify - but only for a limited time.
El Niño could be here by May, new forecast reveals — here's what it means for summer weather
The climate event is poised to supercharge weather extremes and push global temperatures to new highs.
Astronomers may have found a strange new kind of cosmic explosion
A mysterious cosmic explosion has astronomers buzzing, as a strange event may hint at an entirely new kind of stellar cataclysm. After detecting ripples in space-time, scientists spotted a fast-fading red glow that initially looked like a rare kilonova—the kind of collision that forges gold and uranium. But just days later, the signal shifted, behaving more like a supernova, leaving researchers puzzled. Now, some think they may have witnessed something never seen before: a “superkilonova.”
Nintendo releases Super Mario Galaxy 1 and 2 soundtracks on Spotify
Starting today, Super Mario Galaxy and Super Mario Galaxy music can be played on Spotify. Nintendo said that the music is being offered in celebration of Mario’s 40th anniversary. Between the two games, you can listen to 130 tracks, coming in at about five hours. Nintendo has long had a strange – or perhaps absent – relationship with the leading...
Minnesota’s largest indoor ice rink is in desperate need of repair
The NSC Super Rink is where the U.S. women’s Olympic roster, Bethel University and a handful of local high school and youth hockey teams skate.
“A Picayune Detail:” Nazi Science Heads West
As Allied forces crossed the English Channel during the D-Day invasion of June 1944, some 10,000 intelligence officers known as T-Forces were right behind the advance battalions. Their mission: seize munitions experts, technicians, German scientists and their research materials, along with French scientists who had collaborated with the Nazis. Soon, a substantial number of such scientists had been picked up and placed in an internment camp known as the Dustbin. In the original planning for the mission, a prime factor was the view that German military equipment – tanks, jets, rocketry and so forth – was technically superior and that captured scientists, technicians and engineers could be swiftly debriefed in an effort by the Allies to catch up.
Dodgers’ Mookie Betts return timeline revealed by Dave Roberts
Los Angeles Dodgers manager Dave Roberts provided some clarity on superstar Mookie Betts' potential return to the lineup.
Morgan Supersport 400 Is The Company's Most Powerful Vintage-Look Roadster Yet
Nearly 400 horsepower ought to be enough to make the new Supersport 400 drive as good as it looks.
Who Is John Branca? How the Entertainment Lawyer Launched Michael Jackson to Pop Superstardom
Miles Teller portrays Branca in the new biopic, ‘Michael,’ about Jackson’s life and early solo career.
NASCAR Cup Series entry list for Talladega in April 2026
Check out the NASCAR Cup Series entry list for the 2026 Jack Link's 500 at Talladega Superspeedway including the most notable drivers!
‘School board members, superintendents, parents and students are all important voices’
Opinion, comment and editorials of the day
In Comcast’s “Legendary February,” Live Sports Drew Fans—But at a High Price
Comcast’s NBCUniversal went all-in on sports in February. The bet was wildly successful—and wildly expensive. Over a month that the company dubbed “Legendary February,” NBCUniversal aired Super Bowl LX, the Milan Cortina Olympics and National Basketball Association games live across its TV chan
Morgan Reveals Its Most Powerful Car Ever: The Supersport 400
402 horsepower in a featherweight sports car, but it doesn't come cheap.
Sainsbury's echoes Tesco warning as Iran war weighs on outlook
British supermarket group Sainsbury’s warned on Thursday that uncertainty around how the Iran war will affect consumers is clouding its outlook and could drag profits lower this year, echoing concerns voiced by market leader Tesco.
Mathews: Mississippi must keep slowing CWD spread until science catches up
I first got involved with the chronic wasting disease issue not long after I started SuperTalk Outdoors. At the time, deer breeders were pushing hard to open
USA TODAY Sports/AVCA Super 25 boys volleyball rankings, Week 7
Mira Costa holds strong atop the USA TODAY Sports/AVCA boys volleyball Super 25 rankings for Week 7.
Bass, Barger meets with Trump to push for L.A. fire recovery funds
The mayor and county supervisor said they had a "high-level discussion" with the president, sharing stories about what fire survivors are experiencing day to day.
Ashley Graham Teases Cameo in ‘The Devil Wears Prada 2’ at Entertainment Marketing Summit
Supermodel Ashley Graham is adding actress to her resume with a cameo credit in “The Devil Wears Prada 2,” set to hit theaters on May 1.
State law conflict sees WIAA sink proposal to ban transgender students from girls’ sports
A proposal to bar transgender girls from participating in girls’ sports has failed for a second consecutive year in Washington, falling short of the supermajori
As Democrats Outraise Republican Candidates, the G.O.P. Has This $600 Million Edge
Even as the party faces a worrisome political environment and its candidates are outraised by Democratic ones, powerful Republican groups and super PACs have built a colossal advantage.
Shigeru Miyamoto wants Peach's backstory in The Super Mario Galaxy Movie to remain canon in future Nintendo games
The Super Mario Galaxy Movie delves more into Princess Peach's background, and Shigeru Miyamoto wants Nintendo to adhere to this in future games.
Detroit Lions get super aggressive in Peter Schrager’s mock draft
Breaking down Peter Schrager’s bold 2026 NFL mock draft for the Detroit Lions.
Miyamoto wants to adhere to Peach's backstory in The Super Mario Galaxy Movie in future games
Without diving into spoilers, The Super Mario Galaxy delves more into Princess Peach as a character and her backstory. According to Shigeru Miyamoto, this is something Nintendo will look to adhere to moving forward. Nintendo Dream recently mentioned to Miyamoto that Peach has been expanded upon in The Super Mario Galaxy Movie. He was asked if what’s shown can be...
Trump’s $293 Million Bet to Supercharge Science Faces Spending Headwinds
US AI push faces funding tensions as DOE’s Genesis Mission competes with NSF cuts, raising concerns about long-term innovation, reports Yuqing Liu.
Westgate Las Vegas’ SuperBook to be operated by Caesars Entertainment
The transition will expand offerings at the popular destination while preserving its identity.
The mystery of the universe's missing exploding stars
According to scientists, red supergiant stars should produce more supernovas. But astronomers just aren’t spotting them. Here's how they plan to crack the case.
The 2026 World Cup could supercharge soccer in the U.S. — or slow its rise
Former Southern Miss president and polymer science pioneer Shelby Thames dies at 89
The University of Southern Mississippi is mourning the loss of one of its former presidents.
Top sportscaster Joe Buck finalizing deal to host ‘ESPN Jeopardy!’
“Monday Night Football” play-by-play man Joe Buck has done everything there is to do in sports, or so it seems. The almost 57-year-old — his birthday is Saturday, April 25 — has provided coverage of six Super Bowls, 24 World…
Shaky political science: using "simulated" elections over real-world elections
[Dear DSOS readers – this article is the latest in our “Shaky Political Science” series. In our 38 page report, “Shaky political ‘science’ misses mark on ranked choice voting,” released in early December, we examined over 40 studies focused on ranked choice voting. We found that many of these studies suffered from puzzling research methodologies, poorly constructed surveys, unrealistic simulated elections, cherry picked data, and faulty analyses that often were contradicted by results from real-world elections (a link to our full paper is here). Here are links to the first three articles in our series: the first one summarizing the overall results of our report, the second one analyzing a study co-authored by University of Minnesota academic Larry Jacobs, which was one of the most error-prone of all the research we reviewed in our report, and a third article showing an admirable example of two political scientists holding two other political scientists accountable for their flawed, sloppy research]. In this fourth article in our “Shaky Political Science” series, we shine a spotlight on seven studies that were web-hosted and funded by New America’s Political Reform Program and its Electoral Reform Research Group (the ERRG is an ad hoc committee headed by New America’s Political Reform Program and joined by the American Enterprise Institute, the Unite America Institute and Stanford University’s Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law). This research consortium has been led by Lee Drutman, senior fellow with New America’s Political Reform Program. These seven studies are simply not credible from any objective standard about how political “science” is supposed to illuminate our understanding of either ranked choice voting or politics in general. The feature that six of these seven studies have in common is that they all used surveys – artificial, simulated elections -- to attempt to say something cogent or interesting about ranked choice voting (RCV) elections. None of them used real world data from actual RCV elections – either the 1000+ elections in the US or the many thousands of elections from places like Australia, Ireland and elsewhere where RCV has been used for 100 years. While a few of these studies conclude with some mixed positives about RCV, our analysis here is content neutral. The idea that, with a political reform like RCV, you can ask respondents in a mock, artificial election to vote with that method, with only the barest of explanation about how RCV works or its likely impacts (i.e. no spoiler candidates, majority winners, voters liberated to pick their favorite candidates, coalition-building), and then ask them their thoughts/reactions about voting in that system, with fake candidates and no real campaigning, no real exposure to an actual election or actual candidates, rests on some very puzzling assumptions. The findings of these seven studies actually are contradicted by the findings from many other studies based on real-world RCV elections. These New America studies also failed to list the real-world RCV studies in their own citations, instead including those studies that reinforced their conclusions. The seven studies featured in this article were chosen because they form a cohesive cohort which precisely illustrates one of the main points of our research paper, namely that using surveys, i.e. artificial elections, or mathematical/theoretical models, instead of real-world data, is in fact “shaky political science.” Below are summaries of our analysis of five of the seven New America studies. You can read our complete analysis of all seven studies at our paper, “Shaky political ‘science’ misses mark on ranked choice voting.” Choosing to “Vote As Usual” by Andre Blais, Carolina Plescia, and Semra Sevi. New America. (Blais et al., 2021). This study, web-hosted and funded by New America’s Political Reform Program and its Electoral Reform Research Group, used two surveys in which respondents completed ballots for simulated elections using plurality, approval, RCV and point (Score) voting. In both cases the authors provided the respondents with only minimal explanation of each method. For example, the entire explanation for RCV was “For this vote, rank the candidates from your first to your last choice (you do not need to rank them all). This is called the ranked vote.” That’s it. The study did not provide any context or explanation to survey respondents about why she/he might want to rank multiple candidates. Participants were not even told that ballots would be tabulated using an “instant” runoff, not to mention any description of RCVs ability to eliminate the spoiler effect or liberate voters to rank their favorite candidates without fear of helping the “greater evil” candidate to win. That’s like taking an iPhone back in time to 1970 and asking someone if they like it better than their rotary phone without explaining how it works. Their first survey targeted states that held 2020 Super Tuesday Democratic primaries and used the real candidates’ names in the survey; the second survey used fictitious candidates. In other words, they surveyed respondents who had only ever participated in plurality elections, had no history or background with using RCV or any of the other methods, had no clue about its likely impacts, and did not communicate how the alternative methods would be counted, and then asked them: “How satisfied are you with using each system?” Predictably, the winner was plurality elections, the system used for president, Congress, gubernatorial and state legislative elections – in other words, the method they have been using, year after year, all their voting lives. With so little explanation of RCV and its impacts, this study is simply not credible in discovering anything useful about real-world RCV elections. It merely shows that a basic voter education campaign is needed when adopting a new election system. Additionally, the result contradicts many other post-election surveys following real RCV elections, asking opinions from voters who had just participated in a RCV election, that showed a great deal of satisfaction with RCV (see details on that in Studies 22-25 in our paper, as well as the four studies cited in the review for Study 28). Share Other studies on “satisfaction” and “understanding” make similar mistakes, in terms of basing their surveys on inadequate explanation to respondents and lack of education about context. How could any survey ever hope to measure accurately, in essence simulate a real-world election, without actual campaigning candidates, the media writing about those candidates, organizations endorsing candidates and voters being inundated with crucial information? More than anything, what these “studies” based on surveys show is that if you ask voters about something they don’t know very much about, and fail to adequately educate them, their responses will unsurprisingly reflect their confusion. Equally puzzling is that New America’s Electoral Reform Research Group, headed by political scientist Lee Drutman, found this to be a credible enough study that they not only published it but highlighted it in Drutman’s own discussion of research related to ranked choice voting. This pattern was repeated in study after study featured by New America’s Electoral Reform Research Group. For example in Ranked-Choice Voting and Political Expression: Voter Guides Narrow the Gap between Informed and Uninformed Citizens by Cheryl Boudreau, Jonathan Colner, and Scott MacKenzie, the researchers based their analysis on a survey which found that respondents who were asked to vote in a simulated RCV election, with minimal explanation of RCV or how it works, displayed less evidence of being informed about how to use RCV effectively, with the least informed voters ranking fewer candidates. As pointed out under the study above, in a real election voters are informed by a wide variety of methods, including public education by the election administration, by interested political groups, the media, and the candidates themselves who benefit from voters being aware of how to vote in the new system. In Support for Ranked-Choice Voting across Race and Partisanship by Joseph Anthony, David C. Kimball, Jack Santucci and Jamil Scott, the researchers used respondents from different parties and races voting in simulated plurality and RCV elections, who indicated their satisfaction with each voting method. Instead of using real world election results, the authors fell back on the easy, armchair and less reliable academic research methodology of making up mock elections. As with the other studies, little explanation was given of how RCV works or what its implications might be (electing majority winners or eliminating spoilers, for example). Unsurprisingly, this study found that respondents were not very satisfied with RCV. However, when the authors added an explanation that RCV has a tendency to elect more women and people of color, they found that this greater explanation increased the preference for RCV. The more voters were familiar with it, and the more they understood potential positive impacts – surprise! -- the more they were open to switching away from the status quo. Of note, the results from this study are thoroughly contradicted by a number of other studies whose data was obtained from real RCV elections with real voters. Those studies show a great deal of satisfaction with RCV. More “fake election” research An interesting wrinkle on this “research by fake elections” approach, which only served to illustrate how unreliable such “research” can become, was taken in Ranked-Choice Voting, Runoff, and Democracy: Insights from Maine and Other U.S. States by Joseph Cerrone and Cynthia McClintock_,_ also web-hosted and funded by New America’s ERRG. It gets high marks for creativity, but an eye-roll for thinking this could possibly add anything meaningful to our understanding of real world RCV elections. This study tried to determine whether RCV, plurality or two-round runoff elections provided greater voter satisfaction and acceptance of election results. To determine that, the authors conducted a survey asking if voters were satisfied with a fictional newspaper report of an election, with three different versions given to respondents – plurality, runoff and RCV, with variations of Republican/Democrat winners and variations of “come-from-behind” winners,” i.e. candidates not initially in first place but who win the “runoff.” Again, a minimal explanation of RCV or how it works was given, and the survey showed that respondents had the greatest unfamiliarity with RCV than the other methods. The unsurprising result? Respondents were much more satisfied with “come-from-behind” victories in a traditional two-round runoff election than in RCV, even though RCV is also a runoff system but with a single round of counting. Interestingly, the dissatisfaction with RCV disappeared for those who were more familiar with RCV. In fact, among those respondents who were “very familiar” with RCV, they were equally satisfied with RCV, runoff and plurality. Surprise, surprise. Again, what this study revealed, more than anything, is not only the inadequacy of the explanation for RCV given by the authors of this study, but the failure of the research format itself, thinking that such an artificial mock election could somehow simulate what actually happens in the real world in a real RCV election. Those four studies reviewed above are fitting examples of inadequate and shaky political “science.” Other studies reviewed in our paper from the New America/Electoral Reform Research Group cohort which also used mock elections included: Ranked-Choice Voting is an Acquired Taste by Joseph Anthony and David C. Kimball. New America. (Anthony et al., 2021). Ranked-Choice Voting is No Refuge for Extreme Candidates by Melissa Baker. New America. (Baker, 2021). Also included in this New America cohort is Does Ranked-Choice Voting Reduce Racial Polarization? by Yuki Atsusaka and Theodore Landsman, which actually did use real-world election results data but applied an odd and unconventional methodology to the data which relied on shaky assumptions and non-real-world scenarios that were too divorced from reality. To determine levels of “racially polarized voting,” the researchers imagined “ethnic parties,” by which they mean political parties for each ethnic group, which was especially odd since the election data they were using came from nonpartisan RCV races. But then they made an even odder assumption, namely that since race and ethnic characteristics of studied voters were not available, the authors tried to infer that information based on who voters selected and the racial make-up of voters in each district. This amounted to little more than vague and ambiguous guesswork dressed up with a bunch of mathematical equations used to give it a veneer of scientific appearance. Indeed, it seemed to assume racial polarization in order to prove racial polarization. Based on this questionable methodology, the authors concluded that RCV doesn’t reduce racial polarization. But the premise of this study missed an obvious reality: since RCV incentivizes more candidates to run and can result in more diverse fields of candidates, one would expect more racially-polarized voting in voters’ top rankings, not less, because more voters would have someone on that ballot who represents their racial or ethnic identity and more freedom to vote for their real first choice. By encouraging more diverse candidates and eliminating the spoiler effect, RCV facilitates voting for a favorite candidate of your own race and then selecting a second choice with the best likelihood of winning. The real measure is what voters do with their additional rankings – do they consider other candidates and vote “for the best of the rest”? This study didn’t tell us anything useful about that. But readily available data shows this is common in real RCV elections, and candidates act on this knowledge by engaging with voters outside their racial group. So the authors of this study failed to consider or account for what actually happens in real-world elections, and their conclusions are tainted by this failure. New America has contributed a great deal over the past 2.5 decades to our understanding of many policy areas, including politics and political reform (full disclosure: Steven Hill, one of the authors of this article and of the “Shaky Political Science” research paper and series, is a former senior fellow and former director of New America’s political reform program, 2005-2010). So it was especially disappointing that New America funded and published such a large batch of dubious studies about ranked choice voting. The stated praiseworthy goal of its Electoral Reform Research Group was to inspire new academic research about ranked choice voting that would shed light and help the public better understand the impacts of RCV. Instead, the ERRG research did just the opposite. It produced dubious research that created more confusion and misinformation. In so doing, New America’s political reform program contributed to “shaky political science.” Steven Hill and Paul Haughey Share Upgrade to $5 subscription Thanks for reading DemocracySOS, a reader-supported digital portal for the pro-democracy movement. Subscribe for only $5 per month to receive full benefits and to support our work. Subscribe
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