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🎧 Bournemouth 'will be hurt' if Semenyo leaves
Jordan Clarke was joined by former AFC Bournemouth defender Joe Partington on the Cherries: Unpicked podcast. Bournemouth's star attacker Antoine Semenyo has received interest from six Premier League clubs over a January move.
The New WHO Pandemic Treaty and Global Health Governance: Incorporating Common but Differentiated Responsibilities into PABS - Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
On May 20, 2025, the World Health Assembly unanimously adopted the World Health Organization (WHO) Pandemic Agreement, an international treaty designed to strengthen pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. The product of three years of arduous negotiations, the treaty marks a new era of global cooperation in public health. However, core aspects of the agreement remain unresolved—notably the Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) System, which is intended to ensure equitable access to pandemic-related materials and benefits. To support the successful implementation of the WHO Pandemic Agreement, the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” should be formally incorporated into the negotiating agenda of the PABS annex. Introduction For the first time, an international treaty has enshrined the principle of “One Health,” the compelling idea that the health of animals, humans, and the environment all contribute to pandemic risks. SARS (2003), H1N1 (2009–10), Ebola (2014–16), and COVID-19 all emerged through zoonotic spillover from animal hosts—respectively, civets, hogs, and bats. Together, they underscore the need for a coordinated, cross-sectoral approach. The Pandemic Agreement responds to this call, requiring state parties to acknowledge the ecological interplay and commit to a comprehensive “One Health” strategy. Specifically, Article 5 charges governments to address “the drivers of pandemics and the emergence and re-emergence of infectious disease at the human-animal-environment interface,” including wild animal markets, deforestation, and antibiotic overuse. Yet the effectiveness of this “One Health” vision depends equally on the free flow of scientific information and data among countries and institutions. Just as environmental and animal health factors have been neglected in past global frameworks, so too has data sharing been marginalized, despite its centrality to timely detection and response. The Pandemic Agreement takes an important step by requiring governments to enhance data collection and cooperate with the World Health Organization (WHO). However, these provisions will remain aspirational without a robust Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) annex. The PABS system will determine whether countries and researchers can rapidly exchange pathogen samples and genetic data while ensuring equitable access to resulting research and development, including diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. Without such mechanisms, the treaty’s promise to operationalize “One Health” and strengthen global preparedness will risk becoming largely symbolic, echoing earlier failures to translate shared principles into coordinated action. Equity Concerns When the 2025 Health Assembly adopted the Pandemic Agreement, it left the difficult question of access to pathogens and the sharing of resulting benefits to be addressed in a separate agreement. Negotiations on this separate agreement, PABS, are now underway in Geneva. Yet governments remain divided over fundamental questions of equity between the countries that primarily contribute to the system and those that primarily draw from it—and consequently benefit. For example, wildlife in countries bordering the equator is likely to produce PABS materials, but companies in Europe are likely to use them to develop lucrative products. The most likely contributor countries are likely to be those biodiverse countries around the equator, such as Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Indonesia, where the number of human-mammalian viral host interactions is large. Conversely, countries most likely to benefit from this material are those with the technology, investors, and infrastructure to capitalize on genomic data, such as the United States, EU member states, and Japan. This imbalance reflects a broader pattern seen in prior international frameworks. Now, as in the past, the wealthiest countries in the world (a useful heuristic is membership of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)) disproportionately benefit from systems in which pathogens and genomic sequencing data are contributed to a common source. Under the International Agreement on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the “Plant Treaty” or “Seed Treaty”) and the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework, companies from Europe and North America disproportionately withdraw biological samples and data for development into lucrative medical products. Their governments and companies have both statutory and contractual claims to the products that those companies correspondingly produce. PABS appears poised to follow the same pattern. The text calls for strong language on access to pathogens and associated data, but the corresponding benefits that should flow to poorer countries are couched in equivocal or non-binding language. Common but Differentiated Responsibilities To address these inequities, the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” should be formally incorporated into the negotiating agenda of the PABS annex. Common but differentiated responsibilities are often a feature of climate change negotiations. The basic principle is that, even though all countries should reduce carbon emissions, governments that became rich and powerful through massive carbon emissions (e.g., France, the United Kingdom, the United States) should have a greater obligation to address the resulting crises. Applied to PABS, it would require that governments hosting and supporting companies developing lucrative products carry greater obligations toward the cost of running the PABS system; share benefits or final medical products; and transfer technology to help countries worldwide develop their own capacities to innovate and manufacture vaccines during an emergency. For example, an annex could mandate that any company based in an OECD country that withdraws PABS material would be obligated to donate the resulting diagnostics, therapeutics, or vaccines to the WHO during a public health emergency or pandemic. Questions remain about how robust those donations would be, but the principle is that they should deliver highly significant lifesaving benefits to be equitably shared. Theoretically, this approach mirrors the PIP Framework, in which companies withdrawing influenza samples are required to pay half of the operating costs. In practice, however, the framework has fallen short. The PIP Framework Secretariat has struggled to secure payments from companies, with companies often disagreeing over how much is owed. Additionally, without another pandemic influenza to test the strength of the agreement during a public health emergency, corporate compliance with sharing mechanisms remains unknown. Even if these limitations did not characterize the PIP Framework, partially paying for operating expenses does not address the inequity in access to genetic data and pathogen samples that left less developed countries last in line for COVID-19 vaccines (and, before them, H1N1). Common but differentiated responsibilities would go further, addressing governments’ legitimate grievances regarding information sharing. It would make withdrawals of PABS material and resulting products more transparent, building trust across the board. Enforcement and Enduring Success A key implication of this approach is that the governing mechanism of the PABS must have real enforcement authority. The WHO Pandemic Agreement delegates its core governance responsibilities to a Conference of the Parties (COP)—a governing body composed of one representative from each participating government, similar to those established under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The proposed WHO Pandemic Agreement COP is charged with oversight functions but ultimately possesses no real authority to compel a government to take any action it does not wish to take. The text does not give the COP the ability to, for example, sanction a party that does not comply with either textual obligations or PABS provisions. In other words, there are no effective mechanisms in place to ensure compliance. Perhaps just as significant, establishing a meaningful enforcement mechanism within the PABS system would strengthen the WHO’s credibility and its ability to ensure compliance across global health governance. By setting a precedent for accountability, such a mechanism could enhance the organization’s authority not only within the Pandemic Agreement but also in enforcing the revised International Health Regulations and other frameworks for public health emergencies. Conclusion The PABS annex can—and should—be different. It should establish clear responsibilities for funding as well as for sharing the diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines that result from contributions to the system. The system, in turn, must include a dedicated body empowered to hold governments and the corporations they sponsor accountable for their responsibilities before, during, and after pandemics. Doing so would restore trust in the broader agreement, which was eroded as commitments were repeatedly diluted while parties scrambled to meet their own self-imposed deadlines during the Pandemic Agreement negotiations. A robust PABS Annex would cement a grand social bargain. Wealthier countries and their corporations would gain unimpeded access to scientific information essential for developing and manufacturing lifesaving medical products. As such, they would stand to gain considerable economic benefit. Yet that privilege must be matched with responsibility. The grand bargain must include not only the right to innovate, but also the duty to ensure that innovation serves all. As medical products are developed and produced through collective contributions, every person must have equal access. All human beings deserve an equitable chance to survive—to save their own life, the lives of their families, and the well-being of their communities. … Sam Halabi, JD, MPhil, is the Bette Jacobs Endowed Professor at Georgetown University’s School of Health and the Director of the Center for Transformational Health Law at Georgetown Law. He serves as the co-lead for the WHO’s Working Group on Regulatory Consideration on AI and Health’s training workstream. He earned his JD from Harvard, his MPhil from Oxford, and undergraduate degrees from Kansas State University. Lawrence Gostin, LLD (Hon.), JD, BA, is University Distinguished Professor and Founding Director and Timothy and Linda O’Neill Professor of the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law. He is the author of Global Health Security: A Blueprint for the Future (Harvard University Press, 2021); Global Health Law (Harvard University Press, 2014); Public Health Law: Power, Duty, Restraint (University of California Press, 3rd ed., 2016); Public Health Law and Ethics: A Reader (University of California Press, 3rd ed., 2018); Law and the Health System (Foundation Press, 2014); Principles of Mental Health Law & Practice (Oxford University Press, 2010). He also directs the WHO Collaborating Center at Georgetown University. Image Credit: United States Mission Geneva, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
(BPRW) Assembly Studios partners with Autumn Bailey Entertainment and Braveheart Entertainment | Black PR Wire, Inc.
(Black PR Wire) ATLANTA, GA — Independent film powerhouses Autumn Bailey Entertainment (ABE) and Ty Walker's Braveheart Entertainment have announced a major production partnership with one of Atlanta's most ad...
Red and Blue in review: Looking back at Penn sports in fall 2025
Before moving onto the new year, let’s see how Penn sports performed over the fall semester.
Alvin and Yvette Harris Sports Peformance Center Pays Off For Student-Athletes
Augusta, Ga- When the Alvin and Paulette Harris Sports Performance Center opened before the start of the first semester at Augusta University, most everyone knew it would be a game changer for student-athletes. They now had a dedicated space for them to get faster, stronger and more fit for their athletic seasons. Now, after a full semester of its utilization, the student-athletes are seeing the dividends.
Knicks storm past Raptors to advance into NBA Cup semifinals in Las...
The streaking Knicks are taking their luck to Sin City.
NBA Cup: Desmond Bane drops 37 to rally Magic past Heat, Knicks blow past Raptors to reach semifinals
Lakers, Spurs square off in NBA Cup West semifinal
A pair of Western Conference powers, vying to become the primary threat to the defending NBA champions, will meet in an NBA Cup West semifinal Wednesday when the Los Angeles Lakers play host to the San Antonio Spurs.
Sydney Sweeney debunks plastic surgery rumors while promoting 'The Housemaid'
Sydney Sweeney denies plastic surgery rumors, citing her fear of needles and explaining how professional makeup and lighting create different looks.
Football gossip: Salah, Semenyo, Alysson, Zirkzee, Affengruber, Grealish
Saudi Arabia keen to bring Mohamed Salah to league in January, Antoine Semenyo prefers Liverpool move but Arsenal and Manchester City also interested.
Supreme Court weighs further loosening campaign finance limits
Republican leaders are asking the high court to remove limits on how much parties can spend in coordination with federal candidates on items like advertisements.
A big campaign finance change, residency questions and more Nevada political news as 2025 ends
In today’s edition of Indy Elections, a Hiko rancher who lives in Summerlin, candidates flip-flopping on running and an exclusive endorsement.
Kilgore ISD dismisses students early for Bulldogs’ semifinal game
KILGORE, Texas (KETK)– As the Kilgore Bulldogs prepare to face off in the 4A D1 semifinals in Waco, the district will release students early so they can attend the game. According to Kilgore ISD, students will be released on Friday at 1 p.m., providing students and staff enough time to travel to Waco to support […]
Analogue is weaponizing your nostalgia with these translucent versions of its 3D console
Analogue just announced new colorways for its 3D console, which plays N64 games. The translucent designs resemble Nintendo's redesigns from the late 1990s.
Health advisory issued for Williamson, Maury counties
The advisory issued on Dec. 3, 2025 is to alert clinicians and laboratories to an increase in pulmonary and disseminated histoplasmosis cases in Middle Tennessee.
‘You deserve better’: How one local business owner is rethinking fast food
The smell of freshly-roasted meat drifts through the building of Wild Pita as it rotates on the spit, a method of making gyro where seasoned meats are stacked on top of each other and cooked on a vertical rotisserie. Build-your-own wraps or bowls are assembled with rice, vegetables and Mediterranean sauces and topped with chicken,...
The Jets believe they're a different team — it's time to prove that...
The last place that Glenn and the Jets want to be is last place, and a season sweep by the Dolphins, on a three-game heater, would all but doom them to the AFC East basement.
Dodgers notes: Freddie Freeman, Miguel Rojas, Tim Harkness
Freddie Freeman was born in California but both of his parents were from Ontario, Canada, and the first baseman has played twice for Canada in the World Baseball Classic. So it was only natural that Freeman teamed up with famous Canadian star Ryan Reynolds for charitable purposes, filming an ad raising money for the SickKids […]
How the Supreme Court’s support of Texas redistricting emboldened Democrats in California and elsewhere
The Supreme Court’s endorsement of how Texas Republicans redrew the state’s congressional map is offering hope to California Democrats as they prepare to defend their map in court this month – and emboldening other states to move ahead.
Recap semifinals in the New Orleans area from the 2025 high school football playoffs
Recap all the semifinals from the high school football playoffs in the New Orleans area here.
Frostburg State set to face Kutztown in quarterfinals
KUTZTOWN, Pa. — Frostburg State is one of eight teams remaining in the Division II playoffs. If the Bobcats (11-2) want to reach the Final Four, they’ll have to conquer one of the top teams in the nation. Kutztown University has reached at least the second round in five of the last six seasons, including a semifinal berth in 2023. The Golden Bears (13-0) were ranked in every coaches poll this ...
College in the US didn't give me the independence I wanted. I moved to Germany, where medical school costs me $100 per semester.
Erika Roberts wasn't enjoying college in the US, did her research and moved to Munich where she is studying medicine at the cost of $100 per semester.
Caitlin Clark enjoys lucrative year despite injury woes
Despite Caitlin Clark's injury-plagued 2025 WNBA season, the Iowa women's basketball legend still hauled in a lucrative year through her endorsements.
Boston 25 News
"This acquisition brings together two pioneering entertainment businesses, combining Netflix’s innovation, global reach and best-in-class streaming service with Warner Bros.’ century-long legacy of...
Shaw reaches semifinals with unsung senior captain whose other sports are baseball and cheer
Shaw senior Austin Amadeo doesn’t get many chances to handle the football. His main impact comes with how well the team captain can block opposing linebackers and defensive backs.
Holocaust survivors call on Nigel Farage to apologise over alleged antisemitic comments
Exclusive: Group’s open letter says Reform UK leader must take responsibility for behaviour as a schoolboy
Students Deliver Real-World Business Solutions
Wake Tech business management students gained real-world experience developing innovative business solutions thanks to an experiential learning project this semester.
Creative Assembly reveal Total War: Medieval 3, while teasing a huge game reveal to follow
A new historical Total War is coming, and that might not even be Creative Assembly's biggest reveal this year.
Total War: Medieval 3 announced, bringing series back to its historical roots for 25th anniversary
Creative Assembly has revealed Total War: Medieval 3, a new game in the long-running strategy series that's returning to its historical roots.
Total War: Medieval 3 Announced as the 'Rebirth of Historical Total War,' New Total War Game to Be Revealed at The Game Awards
Creative Assembly has announced Total War: Medieval 3, the next mainline game in its strategy series.
How U.S. Employers Can Meet the Healthcare Needs of Younger Workers
Employers and health systems can do a better job of serving the specific healthcare needs of Millennials and Gen Zers by embracing the following seven approaches: 1) Enlist AI in the design of benefits and the delivery of care; 2) Harness virtual technologies to boost employees’ engagement in choosing and making the most of their healthcare benefits; 3) Shift to prepayment reimbursement models, which emphasize maintaining patients’ health rather than generating revenue when patients become ill; 4) Train physicians to connect with younger patients both technologically and culturally; 5) Combat the physician shortage by supporting educational programs and advocating for legislation to increase residency slots; 6) Treat mental health as an essential part of overall health; and 7) Adopting ways to make care for younger workers more affordable.
Politics shift the semantics of climate change
A recent UN report says the world is headed toward an escalation of climate damages, while politics muddle climate science in the US.
Why UNC-CH Revived a Plan to Merge Library and Data Science
Many questions remain about UNC-Chapel Hill’s plan to merge the schools of Data Science and Society and Information and Library Science.
Micron to exit consumer memory business amid global supply shortage
Memory chipmaker Micron Technology said on Wednesday it will exit its consumer business, as it doubles down on advanced memory chips used in artificial intelligence data centers amid a global supply shortage of the essential semiconductors.
Future Fund spent $20,000 to send CEO’s former executive assistant on business class trip to scope hotels in US
Government also reveals it spent nearly $100,000 sending Annika Wells and two others to the US during the UN General Assembly
Missouri sports betting market officially launched: Bank $3,000 in sportsbook sign-up bonuses
Missourians can now place sports bets with mobile apps and get Missouri sports betting offers for the Missouri betting launch
Regé-Jean Page to headline new erotic Netflix series 4 years after departing “Bridgerton”
Page has appeared in the ensembles of "The Gray Man," "Dungeons & Dragons: Honor Among Thieves," and "Black Bag" since exiting the period drama series.
Gemini is getting a ChatGPT-flavored tweak and new Maps features
Experimenting with the latest Google app beta, we managed to get a look at some new Gemini features, including handy Google Maps integration.
Beyond Netanyahu: Israel’s major political corruption scandals
Every prime minister in Tel Aviv since 1996 has been investigated on charges of corruption.
French Premier’s Budget Push Faces Key Stretch Ahead of Vote
France’s National Assembly is starting a second reading of the 2026 social security budget bill on Tuesday in a crucial test of Prime Minister Sebastien Lecornu’s plan to shepherd contested financial legislation through a divided parliament.
50% Copper Tariffs Have Tennessee Small Business on Edge
A small, specialty manufacturer in Tennessee struggles to survive as semi-finished copper tariffs strain their operations.
Legacy Entertainment launches “The Safari Park Company”
HOLLYWOOD, Calif. — Legacy Entertainment, a globally renowned entertainment design and production studio, has announced the launch of a new dedicated division – the company’s seventh — The Sa…
Arts & Entertainment fall 2025 semester in review
Students surprise film professor with trip to Criterion Closet At the end of last semester, film students at Grand Valley State University thanked their professor with a trip to the Criterion Closet. Students surprised Associate Professor Joel Potrykus with a trip to the Closet, located in New York. The Criterion Closet is a physical collection of films, contained...
Meet Marisa Sweeney, a Morris County Democrat who flipped a GOP Assembly seat
Assemblywoman-elect Marisa Sweeney said she'll prioritize protecting social safety nets and be 'heart-driven' in her governing.
Studies Find One Condition Semaglutide Doesn't Treat: Alzheimer's
A disappointing result.