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High school basketball: Boys' and girls' scores from Wednesday
CIF City and Southern Section boys' and girls' basketball results from Wednesday.
The New WHO Pandemic Treaty and Global Health Governance: Incorporating Common but Differentiated Responsibilities into PABS - Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
On May 20, 2025, the World Health Assembly unanimously adopted the World Health Organization (WHO) Pandemic Agreement, an international treaty designed to strengthen pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. The product of three years of arduous negotiations, the treaty marks a new era of global cooperation in public health. However, core aspects of the agreement remain unresolved—notably the Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) System, which is intended to ensure equitable access to pandemic-related materials and benefits. To support the successful implementation of the WHO Pandemic Agreement, the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” should be formally incorporated into the negotiating agenda of the PABS annex. Introduction For the first time, an international treaty has enshrined the principle of “One Health,” the compelling idea that the health of animals, humans, and the environment all contribute to pandemic risks. SARS (2003), H1N1 (2009–10), Ebola (2014–16), and COVID-19 all emerged through zoonotic spillover from animal hosts—respectively, civets, hogs, and bats. Together, they underscore the need for a coordinated, cross-sectoral approach. The Pandemic Agreement responds to this call, requiring state parties to acknowledge the ecological interplay and commit to a comprehensive “One Health” strategy. Specifically, Article 5 charges governments to address “the drivers of pandemics and the emergence and re-emergence of infectious disease at the human-animal-environment interface,” including wild animal markets, deforestation, and antibiotic overuse. Yet the effectiveness of this “One Health” vision depends equally on the free flow of scientific information and data among countries and institutions. Just as environmental and animal health factors have been neglected in past global frameworks, so too has data sharing been marginalized, despite its centrality to timely detection and response. The Pandemic Agreement takes an important step by requiring governments to enhance data collection and cooperate with the World Health Organization (WHO). However, these provisions will remain aspirational without a robust Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) annex. The PABS system will determine whether countries and researchers can rapidly exchange pathogen samples and genetic data while ensuring equitable access to resulting research and development, including diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. Without such mechanisms, the treaty’s promise to operationalize “One Health” and strengthen global preparedness will risk becoming largely symbolic, echoing earlier failures to translate shared principles into coordinated action. Equity Concerns When the 2025 Health Assembly adopted the Pandemic Agreement, it left the difficult question of access to pathogens and the sharing of resulting benefits to be addressed in a separate agreement. Negotiations on this separate agreement, PABS, are now underway in Geneva. Yet governments remain divided over fundamental questions of equity between the countries that primarily contribute to the system and those that primarily draw from it—and consequently benefit. For example, wildlife in countries bordering the equator is likely to produce PABS materials, but companies in Europe are likely to use them to develop lucrative products. The most likely contributor countries are likely to be those biodiverse countries around the equator, such as Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Indonesia, where the number of human-mammalian viral host interactions is large. Conversely, countries most likely to benefit from this material are those with the technology, investors, and infrastructure to capitalize on genomic data, such as the United States, EU member states, and Japan. This imbalance reflects a broader pattern seen in prior international frameworks. Now, as in the past, the wealthiest countries in the world (a useful heuristic is membership of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)) disproportionately benefit from systems in which pathogens and genomic sequencing data are contributed to a common source. Under the International Agreement on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the “Plant Treaty” or “Seed Treaty”) and the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework, companies from Europe and North America disproportionately withdraw biological samples and data for development into lucrative medical products. Their governments and companies have both statutory and contractual claims to the products that those companies correspondingly produce. PABS appears poised to follow the same pattern. The text calls for strong language on access to pathogens and associated data, but the corresponding benefits that should flow to poorer countries are couched in equivocal or non-binding language. Common but Differentiated Responsibilities To address these inequities, the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” should be formally incorporated into the negotiating agenda of the PABS annex. Common but differentiated responsibilities are often a feature of climate change negotiations. The basic principle is that, even though all countries should reduce carbon emissions, governments that became rich and powerful through massive carbon emissions (e.g., France, the United Kingdom, the United States) should have a greater obligation to address the resulting crises. Applied to PABS, it would require that governments hosting and supporting companies developing lucrative products carry greater obligations toward the cost of running the PABS system; share benefits or final medical products; and transfer technology to help countries worldwide develop their own capacities to innovate and manufacture vaccines during an emergency. For example, an annex could mandate that any company based in an OECD country that withdraws PABS material would be obligated to donate the resulting diagnostics, therapeutics, or vaccines to the WHO during a public health emergency or pandemic. Questions remain about how robust those donations would be, but the principle is that they should deliver highly significant lifesaving benefits to be equitably shared. Theoretically, this approach mirrors the PIP Framework, in which companies withdrawing influenza samples are required to pay half of the operating costs. In practice, however, the framework has fallen short. The PIP Framework Secretariat has struggled to secure payments from companies, with companies often disagreeing over how much is owed. Additionally, without another pandemic influenza to test the strength of the agreement during a public health emergency, corporate compliance with sharing mechanisms remains unknown. Even if these limitations did not characterize the PIP Framework, partially paying for operating expenses does not address the inequity in access to genetic data and pathogen samples that left less developed countries last in line for COVID-19 vaccines (and, before them, H1N1). Common but differentiated responsibilities would go further, addressing governments’ legitimate grievances regarding information sharing. It would make withdrawals of PABS material and resulting products more transparent, building trust across the board. Enforcement and Enduring Success A key implication of this approach is that the governing mechanism of the PABS must have real enforcement authority. The WHO Pandemic Agreement delegates its core governance responsibilities to a Conference of the Parties (COP)—a governing body composed of one representative from each participating government, similar to those established under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The proposed WHO Pandemic Agreement COP is charged with oversight functions but ultimately possesses no real authority to compel a government to take any action it does not wish to take. The text does not give the COP the ability to, for example, sanction a party that does not comply with either textual obligations or PABS provisions. In other words, there are no effective mechanisms in place to ensure compliance. Perhaps just as significant, establishing a meaningful enforcement mechanism within the PABS system would strengthen the WHO’s credibility and its ability to ensure compliance across global health governance. By setting a precedent for accountability, such a mechanism could enhance the organization’s authority not only within the Pandemic Agreement but also in enforcing the revised International Health Regulations and other frameworks for public health emergencies. Conclusion The PABS annex can—and should—be different. It should establish clear responsibilities for funding as well as for sharing the diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines that result from contributions to the system. The system, in turn, must include a dedicated body empowered to hold governments and the corporations they sponsor accountable for their responsibilities before, during, and after pandemics. Doing so would restore trust in the broader agreement, which was eroded as commitments were repeatedly diluted while parties scrambled to meet their own self-imposed deadlines during the Pandemic Agreement negotiations. A robust PABS Annex would cement a grand social bargain. Wealthier countries and their corporations would gain unimpeded access to scientific information essential for developing and manufacturing lifesaving medical products. As such, they would stand to gain considerable economic benefit. Yet that privilege must be matched with responsibility. The grand bargain must include not only the right to innovate, but also the duty to ensure that innovation serves all. As medical products are developed and produced through collective contributions, every person must have equal access. All human beings deserve an equitable chance to survive—to save their own life, the lives of their families, and the well-being of their communities. … Sam Halabi, JD, MPhil, is the Bette Jacobs Endowed Professor at Georgetown University’s School of Health and the Director of the Center for Transformational Health Law at Georgetown Law. He serves as the co-lead for the WHO’s Working Group on Regulatory Consideration on AI and Health’s training workstream. He earned his JD from Harvard, his MPhil from Oxford, and undergraduate degrees from Kansas State University. Lawrence Gostin, LLD (Hon.), JD, BA, is University Distinguished Professor and Founding Director and Timothy and Linda O’Neill Professor of the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law. He is the author of Global Health Security: A Blueprint for the Future (Harvard University Press, 2021); Global Health Law (Harvard University Press, 2014); Public Health Law: Power, Duty, Restraint (University of California Press, 3rd ed., 2016); Public Health Law and Ethics: A Reader (University of California Press, 3rd ed., 2018); Law and the Health System (Foundation Press, 2014); Principles of Mental Health Law & Practice (Oxford University Press, 2010). He also directs the WHO Collaborating Center at Georgetown University. Image Credit: United States Mission Geneva, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
UFC BJJ 4 Results: Tackett vs. Dorsey
Three UFC BJJ titles are up for grabs on the main card
Mysterious X-ray signal from deep space may be the scream of a star ripped apart by two black holes
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NY Warns 950,000 People to Lose Health Coverage Under Trump Cuts
Nearly 1 million New Yorkers are expected to lose health coverage as a result of President Donald Trump’s federal budget, a shift that will strain the city’s struggling public hospital system.
Braves News: Draft Lottery results, hot stove, and more
Atlanta Braves news and notes from Tuesday.
7 Quick Wins To Put AI To Work In Your Small Business
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Section III high school sports scoreboard, stats leaders for Dec. 9
See results from Section III teams.
Champions League results: Dominik Szoboszlai leaves it late for Liverpool, Chelsea now winless in four
Bayern Munich, Barcelona and Spurs were among the winners during Tuesday's Matchday 6.
‘Crisis’ ebbs: Minnesota student mental health rebounds post-pandemic
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VSCO lays off 24 staff as its consumer business suffers
In an internal memo seen by TechCrunch, VSCO's CEO Eric Wittman said the company's consumer business had declined more than expected, and some of its new growth initiatives didn't yield the expected results.
High school sports results for Monday, December 8, 2025; Tuesday's schedule
MONDAY’S RESULTS Boys Basketball NON-SECTION Bentworth 45, Beth-Center 43 Beth-Center 12 12 9 10 — 43 Bentworth 15 7 11 12 — 45 High...
Section III high school sports scoreboard, stats leaders for Dec. 8
See results from Section III teams.
Hochul: Grieving Families veto should come as no surprise
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Where Wisconsin falls in USA TODAY Sports coaches poll after 2-0 week
The Wisconsin Badgers still sit outside the USA TODAY Sports men's basketball coaches poll despite a strong week of results.
Historic search for 'huge missing piece' of the universe turns up negative — but reveals new secrets of particle physics
Scientists hunted dark matter and solar neutrinos with one of the largest experiments yet. While the neutrinos likely appeared, dark matter results couldn't be confirmed.
NFL results & pick of week 14: Packers beat Bears, Aaron Rodgers rescues Steelers, season over for Chiefs
Our pick of week 14 in the NFL as Aaron Rodgers salvages his season but it could be game over for the Kansas City Chiefs, while Josh Allen again shines for Buffalo
Criticizing Israel: No Longer Controversial in US Politics
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Wave Life Sciences Announces Positive Interim Data from Phase 1 INLIGHT Trial of WVE-007 (INHBE) for Obesity; Single Dose Resulted in Improvement in Body Composition With Fat Loss Similar to GLP-1 at Three Months Without Muscle Loss
Following a single subcutaneous 240 mg dose, WVE-007 (INHBE GalNAc-siRNA) improved body composition at three months compared to baseline, with a 9.4% reduction in visceral fat (p=0.02), a 4.5% reduction in total body fat (3.5 lbs; p=0.07), and a 3.2% increase in lean mass (4.0 lbs; p=0.01), with no statistically significant changes in the placebo group Sustained and robust suppression of serum Activin E supports expectations for continued improvements in body composition, further fat loss, and p
‘Only so long’ before Trump's tariff costs hit consumers, businesses warn
Corporate executives are telling investors that prices will rise as soon as January as pre-tariff inventory runs thin and holiday discounts disappear.
‘Only so long’ before Trump's tariff costs hit consumers, businesses warn
Corporate executives are telling investors that prices will rise as soon as January as pre-tariff inventory runs thin and holiday discounts disappear.
Premier League Awards: Villa ignite title race, Salah shock
Our Premier League Awards honour the best – and worst – of the weekend’s top-flight action, featuring a big result in the title race and Mohamed Salah’s Liverpool bombshell.Moment of the WeekD...
A Fasting-Style Diet Seems to Result in Dynamic Changes to Human Brains
It's not just your weight that's affected.
A Fasting-Style Diet Seems to Result in Dynamic Changes to Human Brains
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Prep Sports Scoreboard
High School sports results for teams in the St. Cloud area from Saturday, December 6th.
Hialeah voters head to polls as City Commission runoffs test new Mayor’s political clout
The results will fill two City Hall seats and inform a crucial January appointment to a third.
Section III high school sports scoreboard, stats leaders for Dec. 6
See results from Section III teams.
Prep Sports Scores
High School sports results from teams in the St. Cloud area for Friday, December 5th.
Earth’s early oceans hid the secret rise of complex life
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QUARLES: When math adds up more in sports than in classroom
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December 5, 2025
A boom in construction of AI data centers is facing backlash over soaring electricity and water usage, and the resulting utility hikes. Plus, to save spotted owls in the Pacific Northwest, one plan suggests killing thousands of barred owls. And, geologist Anjana Khatwa explains how embracing wonder and awe adds to our scientific understanding of the rocks that form our planet.
Why BYU should make the College Football Playoff regardless of Big 12 title game result
The Cougars are the first 11-1 team from a power conference in the CFP era to not rank in the top 10. Why?
World Cup 2026 Draw Live Updates, Results: Who'll Be USA's Opponents?
Follow along to see who and where teams will play and for all the top moments from the World Cup draw.
Paranovus Entertainment (PAVS) lifts H1 2025 revenue to $12,413,039 and returns to profit
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Trump Says Europe Risks Being Wiped Away Unless Societies Change
The Trump administration said that European civilization is at risk of “erasure” as a result of decades of economic decline, political censorship and immigration.
New 'physics shortcut' lets laptops tackle quantum problems once reserved for supercomputers and AI
Physicists have transformed a decades-old technique for simplifying quantum equations into a reusable, user-friendly "conversion table" that works on a laptop and returns results within hours.
Section III high school sports scoreboard, stats leaders for Dec. 4
See results from Section III teams.
High school basketball: Boys' and girls' scores from Wednesday
CIF City and Southern Section boys' and girls' basketball results from Wednesday.
Section III high school sports scoreboard, stats leaders for Dec. 3
See results from Section III teams.
The Tennessee 'waltz': Republicans and Democrats dance around special election results meaning
Tennessee special election results spark debate over 2026 midterms as Republicans maintain House seat despite heavy Democratic spending and efforts.
Stop propping up sickness and start propping up health
The COVID-era subsidies have resulted in increased federal spending with little to no improvement in health outcomes, and Congress should allow them to expire as scheduled to encourage competition,…
Scientists Just Tore Up a Major Particle Physics Theory
New results from the MicroBooNE experiment at Fermilab found no evidence of a hypothetical fourth flavor of neutrino
High school basketball: Boys' and girls' scores from Tuesday
CIF City and Southern Section boys' and girls' basketball results from Tuesday.
American Eagle's bet on Sydney Sweeney and Aerie's anti-AI pledge are paying off big time
American Eagle jeans, Aerie's anti-AI pledge, and Sydney Sweeney boosted revenue, stock, and customer growth in Q3 results.
Early Earth’s sky may have created the first ingredients for life
Researchers recreated conditions from billions of years ago and found that Earth’s young atmosphere could make key molecules linked to life. These sulfur-rich compounds, including certain amino acids, may have formed naturally in the sky. The results suggest early Earth wasn’t starting from zero but may have already been stocked with essential ingredients.
Accel Entertainment subsidiary acquires route operation assets of Dynasty Games
Accel Entertainment announced Tuesday that its subsidiary, Century Gaming Technologies Nevada, has acquired the route-operation assets of Dynasty Games. Financial details of the transaction weren’t disclosed, but they're expected to be accretive to Accel’s 2026 financial results.Accel, a loc
Live Results: Tennessee 7th Congressional District special election
Less than a month after Democrats scored a string of victories over Republicans in the Nov. 4 general election, the next test at the ballot box for both parties heading into the 2026 midterm season will be Tuesday in a Tennessee special congressional election on usually reliable GOP turf.
Resultant Named to Inc. Magazine's 2025 Best in Business List for Social Good
INDIANAPOLIS, December 02, 2025--Resultant has been named to Inc. Magazine's 2025 Best in Business list in the "Social Good" category.
Newsom Shares Mock Medical Report After Trump's MRI Results
The fictional medical letter penned by “Dr. Dolittle" imitated some of the statements put forward by Trump’s physician.
Section III high school sports scoreboard, stats leaders for Dec. 1
See results from Section III teams.
‘Heartbreaking:’ Snow shutters some stores on Small Business Saturday
Local retailers see mixed results as the weather forces closures and reduces foot traffic.
Are university policies holding science back? Study shows how patenting boosts pure research
When UC Berkeley biochemist Jennifer Doudna first began studying how bacteria fight virus infections, she had no idea it would result in one of the most important scientific breakthroughs of the century. ...
Colorado businesses concerned about increased costs, supply chain issues as a result of tariffs, report finds
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White House gives new details on Trump’s health following exam
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President Donald Trump appeared open to releasing the results of a recent MRI, although he said he was unaware which part of his body was examined in the scan.
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College Football
Find all the latest college football news, live coverage, videos, highlights, stats, predictions, and results right here on NBC Sports.
Broncos outlast Commanders in wildest finish yet
Denver Broncos vs. Washington Commanders final score, results, analysis, stats from NFL Week 13 of 2025 regular season.
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Music City Miracle: A look at an unusually contentious election in the Volunteer State
Tennessee special election results could test Trump's strength ahead of 2026 midterms as Democrat Aftyn Behn challenges Republican Matt Van Epps.
Trump vows to release "perfect" MRI results after Gov. Walz questions his health
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Studies Find One Condition Semaglutide Doesn't Treat: Alzheimer's
A disappointing result.
Trump says he'll release MRI results; he doesn't know what part of his body was scanned
President Donald Trump says he'll release the results of his MRI test that he received in October
Trump's Mar-a-Lago photo sparks health concerns, comparisons drawn to Biden's Nantucket spotting: ‘Release MRI results’
President Donald Trump was photographed at Mar-a-Lago and a picture of him sitting by the window has sparked health concerns.
Former Historic State Capitol Commissioner explains why group no longer exists
Drama over the secretive and costly California Capitol Annex project, which is under construction now, resulted in the loss of the advisory group.
The pipeline that nurtures the next generation of young scientists is at risk
When young scientists collaborate with more senior colleagues, the results lead to stronger science.
Surgical Science Sweden (OM:SUS): Assessing Valuation After Intuitive Withdraws Agreement and 2026 Targets Are Pulled
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