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Tomas Hertl with a Powerplay Goal vs. Carolina Hurricanes
Gallery: Carolina Country Music Fest draws crowds for another year in Myrtle Beach
Locals and visitors alike had their cowboy hats and country music vibes ready to roll on Saturday, June 6, as the Carolina Country Music Fest action took place in Myrtle Beach.
World Ocean Day Celebration at Seacoast Science Center
For Seacoast Science Center, this year marks a remarkable 35 years of providing outstanding coastal and ocean education at Odiorne Point State Park along the New Hampshire seacoast! World Ocean Day, a global celebration that honors our one shared ocean, presents the perfect opportunity for us to invite our community to come together and celebrate the ocean that connects us all.On June 20th, the Center will host its flagship World Ocean Day celebration from 10 AM to 2 PM. Enjoy hands-on games, educational activities, naturalist-led tide pooling sessions, music, and much more! You’ll also have the opportunity to meet local scientists, divers, artists, and conservationists who are dedicated to safeguarding our one world ocean. See the schedule and the organizations joining us on our event web page: https://www.seacoastsciencecenter.org/world-ocean-dayWe can’t wait to see you by the coast for learning, discovery, and plenty of fun, all aimed at inspiring the conservation of our Blue Planet!
High School Science Teacher Dies Suddenly from Aggressive Form of Leukemia: ‘Her Illness Came Without Warning’
Ohio science teacher Michelle Eynon is being remembered after her sudden death from acute leukemia at the age of 48. She is survived by her husband and two children.
James Handy's final film scrapped after late actor's murder, producer says
A producer of James Handy's final movie project shares that the comedy film has officially been axed after the late actor's killing on June 3.
'Buffy' star Alyson Hannigan mourns the death of Anthony Head: 'This cut is so deep I fear it can never heal'
'Buffy' star Alyson Hannigan mourned the death of her costar Anthony Head, who played Rupert Giles on the supernatural series.
Jimmy Fallon suddenly drops out of Madonna premiere interview for 'Confessions II'
Jimmy Fallon dropped out of a Madonna interview at the last minute, with Anderson Cooper filling in at the 'Confessions II' short film premiere in New York City.
Jimmy Kimmel says Trump should be rooting for the Spurs in 2026 NBA Finals: 'It's what got him out of Vietnam'
Jimmy Kimmel shared his two cents on why Donald Trump should be rooting for the San Antonio Spurs over his hometown team, the New York Knicks, when he attends game three of the NBA finals.
Myles Garrett is the betting favorite to win Defensive Player of the Year
Garrett would join Lawrence Taylor, J. J. Watt and Aaron Donald as the only three-time Defensive Players of the Year.
Colman Domingo to be guest on first-ever live Awardist podcast recording at Tribeca Film Festival
From 'The Four Seasons' and 'Euphoria,' to 'Disclosure Day' and 'Michael,' Colman Domingo will chat about his incredible career as the guest for EW's first-ever live recording of 'The Awardist' podcast at Tribeca.
The Kennedys and British royal family were once romantically linked, new book reveals exactly how
A member from each of the Kennedys and the royal family were once romantically linked, Caroline Hallemann's new book reveals. The two dynasties have been connected for decades, dating back to the 1930s.
Uber's AI training gig work offers good pay but lacks stability
Uber AI Solutions pays up to $150 an hour, contractors said. The AI training work doesn't involve onboarding and hours can vary from week to week.
CNN Sports picks its players to watch at this year’s World Cup
With less than a week to go until this year’s World Cup, it’s time to start taking a closer look at those who are set to play.
From Masters of the Universe to Monteverdi: your complete entertainment guide to the week ahead
The cartoon favourite and Mattel toy He-Man battles Skeletor on the big screen, and Garsington continues its run of excellent early operas
Scientists Find Chunk of Lost Planet in Desert
"It’s incredible to think there was once a world this large."
Scientists Find Chunk of Lost Planet in Desert
"It’s incredible to think there was once a world this large."
‘Regular Communication Has Helped’ Tiger Woods and Vanessa Trump ‘Cope’ amid Their Health Struggles (Exclusive Source)
Tiger Woods, 50, and Vanessa Trump, 48, are leaning on each other for support as they overcome their own health challenges together, PEOPLE has exclusively learned.
Everything you need to know about that big 'Masters of the Universe' cameo
'Masters of the Universe' star Nicholas Galitzine and director Travis Knight detail how they landed a certain member of He-Man royalty for a cameo in the new sci-fi/fantasy movie.
'Among Us' TV show surprise premieres 2 years after wrapping production
'Among Us' TV show surprise premieres all 10 episodes on Paramount+, 2 years after series creator Owen Dennis wrapped production.
Soccer star Ashlyn Harris talks 'co-parenting' with ex Ali Krieger: 'I respect her as a mom'
Soccer star Ashlyn Harris says she respects her former partner, Ali Krieger, as a mom to their two young kids.
SpaceX IPO running at two times oversubscribed, sources say
SpaceX has drawn investor demand that is about double the $75 billion it is seeking to raise next week in its IPO, or $150 billion, said two people familiar with the matter on Friday.
Paul McCartney says feud with John Lennon before the Beatles broke up felt 'like sticking little daggers in me'
Former Beatle Paul McCartney looks back on feud with bandmate John Lennon over management disputes before the band broke up.
Guardians Make a Statement With Series Win Over Yankees
The Cleveland Guardians asserted themselves as one of the teams in the American League after taking two of three games from the New York Yankees.
Trump administration’s proposed rule would limit some immigrants’ ability to legally work in the U.S.
The proposal would make it harder for several categories of immigrants -- notably those in the U.S. on humanitarian parole as well as DACA recipients -- to obtain or renew legal work authorization.
'Lioness' season 3 first look: Zoe Saldaña teases Joe's 'demanding' new mission (exclusive)
In the exclusive first look at the highly anticipated return of 'Lioness,' Zoe Saldaña previews the 'demanding' new season: 'I didn't even know if I was gonna be able to pull it off.'
'Every Year After' showrunner has a 5-season plan for the series
'Every Year After' showrunner Amy B. Harris has big plans for Barry's Bay, including a season 2 that will adapt Carley Fortune's 'One Golden Summer.'
Stained glass studio celebrates first month as brick and mortar business
Tucked away on the side of Northwest 13th Street, neighboring a barber shop, nail salon and print shop, sits a studio with stained glass gleaming through sun-lit windows.
Anti-Trump former Republicans are running in Democratic primaries. They’re off to a rocky start.
Ex-GOPers Ryan Crosswell and Geoff Duncan lost high-profile Democratic primaries last month. Up next: a test for ‘Never Trump’ stalwart George Conway in New York.
Dolphins wrap up minicamp
Welcome to the Splash Zone, the quickest way to get your day started off right. We bring you a rundown of Miami Dolphins news from the last 24 hours.
Summer Entertainment Returns
By JACQI LEYVA-HILL Special to the PARADE As summer visitors begin arriving in the Laguna Madre area, local restaurants are preparing for another busy season filled with live music, community event…
Alexa Demie reveals how she felt about Barbie Ferreira leaving 'Euphoria' after season 2
'Euphoria' star Alexa Demie has revealed how she really felt about Barbie Ferreira's shocking exit after season 2, ahead of the heavily criticized final season of the Zendaya-starring show.
James Handy, 'Jumanji' and 'Top Gun: Maverick' actor, fatally stabbed at 81
Los Angeles police say that actor James Handy, known for his work in films like 'Top Gun: Maverick' and 'Jumanji,' has been fatally stabbed at 81. A suspect is in custody.
Lori Trahan's big, risky AI legislation push
The backlash against Trahan is an illustration the intense politics of AI.
What’s new in EA Sports’ College Football 27: A new level of NIL in Dynasty Mode and more
In Dynasty Mode, players will need to manage differing school budgets and how much to pay both players and coaches.
Google Health App Gets Massive Update Fixing 15+ Core Bugs After...
The Google Health app rollout hasn't been received well, but Google has at least committed to making big changes over the next few weeks and months. Some have already arrived, while the rest are...
Soccer star Ashlyn Harris opens up about divorce from former teammate Ali Krieger
World Cup champion Ashlyn Harris explains that her life with Krieger 'just wasn't for me.'
11th Class Graduates Favarh’s Project SEARCH at UConn Health
Prepares intellectually or developmentally disabled for workforce
Houston-area health officials launch Ebola-monitoring dashboard ahead of the World Cup
Public health officials have previously noted the threat of Ebola to the region is low. The new dashboard reflects that but also notes more than a dozen travelers to the Houston area are currently being monitored.
AHN replacing Canonsburg hospital in Cecil’s Southpointe II business park
Allegheny Health Network announced Thursday that it’s building a new hospital in Cecil to replace its aging Canonsburg hospital — a major investment in the fast-growing area of Washington County. Construction is expected to start in early 2027 with an anticipated opening in 2029. The roughly 150,000-square-foot facility will sit
Obama's new museum is political and personal
The Obama Presidential Center opens to the general public on Juneteenth after a celebratory dedication in Chicago with dignitaries
Obama's new museum is political and personal
The Obama Presidential Center opens to the general public on Juneteenth after a celebratory dedication in Chicago with dignitaries
Obama's new museum is political and personal
The Obama Presidential Center opens to the general public on Juneteenth after a celebratory dedication in Chicago with dignitaries
How I Photograph The Northern Lights With My Phone
With “strong” and even “severe” northern lights forecast for North America on Thursday and Friday, here’s how to photograph aurora with a smartphone.
Entertainment this week: Maker Show, Art Walk, Food and Wine Faire and more
Friday, June 5 2026 Music at Ski Beach – 4-7 p.m., Fridays at Ski Beach in Incline Village – IVGID passes required For more information, visit https://business.ivcba.org/event-calendar/Details/2026-music-at-ski-beach-1745156?sourceTypeId=Hub. First Fridays – 5:30-8 p.m., Historic Downtown. Type...
'Grey's Anatomy' star talks future amid cast exits: Every show 'gets canceled someday'
'Grey's Anatomy' actor Jason George has revealed he's returning to the show after the cast exit saw Kim Raver and Kevin McKidd leave the series: Every show 'gets canceled someday,' George said.
James Comey Interview: 'Justice Can't Be a Political Force'
James Comey, the former FBI director recently indicted by Donald Trump's Justice Department, sits for an in-depth interview with Rolling Stone.
Madonna Turns Times Square into Night Club, Previews New Album to Kick Off Pride Month at Surprise Concert: 'C'mon, Gays!'
Madonna turned New York City's Times Square into a vibrant dance floor to preview 'Confessions II' to kick off Pride Month in partnership with Grindr. She took the stage in a glamorous pink corset paired with coordinating stockings and silver lace-up boots to perform songs from the new album.
How Rachel Carson's Silent Spring changed the world in 1962
Rachel Carson’s look at the dire effects of industrial and agricultural pollution birthed the modern environmental movement when it was first published – and remains as crucial a read today, finds Rowan Hooper
Carrick wishlist revealed as Man United plan five signings
Michael Carrick wants to make five signings this summer as Manchester United prepare to return to the Champions League.United are on the verge of securing their first addition of the summer window, af...
Quentin Tarantino rips modern movies from Hollywood's 'flavorless sausage factory,' would 'rather read a book'
Quentin Tarantino slammed contemporary movies, as he called Hollywood a 'flavorless sausage factory' — but named a few recent films he actually liked.
AAF International launches BioShield Line for Animal Science
According to an Iowa State University analysis, PRRS impacts the U.S. pork industry by about $1.2 billion per year in lost production.
WATCH: Bessent recalls telling acting intelligence director Pulte he was 'going to kick his ass'
Bessent said he made the comment in the summer of 2025. President Donald Trump named Pulte acting director of national intelligence this week.
Danielle Fishel and Will Friedle open up about 'sad' rift with 'Boy Meets World' costar Ben Savage
Danielle Fishel and Will Friedle are opening up about their falling out with 'Boy Meets World' costar Ben Savage, whom they say declined to cohost their rewatch podcast in 2022, and has since gone silent.
Sharon Stone knew her marriage was 'over' when husband questioned her getting mastectomy despite massive tumor
Actress Sharon Stone said she knew her marriage was finished when her then-husband was 'furious' with her decision to get a double mastectomy after doctors found tumors in her breasts: 'He was done with me then.'
An outdoor entertainment district could be coming to Summerville
People could eventually be allowed to walk through parts of downtown Summerville with a beer or glass of wine in hand under a proposal now heading to Town Counc
Jennifer Garner reveals how 'upheaval' from Ben Affleck divorce impacted her career
Jennifer Garner says the end of her marriage to Ben Affleck led to such an 'upheaval' in her family life that she 'hardly worked' for years.
Why Needham Still Sees Upside in Flutter Entertainment plc (FLUT)
Flutter Entertainment plc (NYSE:FLUT) is one of the best sin stocks to buy now. On May 7, Needham reiterated its Buy rating on Flutter Entertainment plc (NYSE:FLUT) but lowered its price target to $135 from $150. The research firm also lowered its adjusted EBITDA estimates of the company by 7%. The price target cut is […]
Martin Bashir recalls being 'gobsmacked' by Michael Jackson telling him he slept in the same bed as children
Journalist Martin Bashir appears in the new Netflix documentary 'Michael Jackson: The Verdict,' in which he details filming the controversial 2003 special 'Living With Michael Jackson.'
In race for Pelosi's seat, her famed political influence was a factor
Rep. Nancy Pelosi (D-San Francisco), 86 and retiring, is still a political influence in the Bay Area, as seen by her endorsement of her replacement.
Health data: Ethics and equity at the heart of research
Experts meeting at the Vatican call for stronger ethical governance and greater fairness in the collection, use, and sharing of health data and ...
May's top PlayStation games by copies sold
Yesterday’s State of Play gave us an idea of where PlayStation’s heading next. But we’ve had our May estimates for a couple of days now (we always update our data daily for clients), so it’s time to look at what performed best on PlayStation last month. We’ve got a new IP at the top, two evergreens doing their evergreen thing, FC26 smashing it ahead of the World Cup Plus pivot, and a quiet but promising result for Lego Batman. Let’s have a look at the state of Play…Station’s top games for May. 007 takes #001 007 First Light sold 1M copies on PS5 in May, easily making it the month’s top PS5 game by copies sold. Over 80% of those May copies were digital, which is broadly in line with where PlayStation’s digital share has settled for new releases this year. To date, 007 First Light has sold through 2.2M copies across platforms (so no unsold retail copies in that figure). The platform split is 55.1% PS5, 33.1% Steam, and 11.8% Xbox (console, Windows, and cloud combined). In gross revenue terms, 007 First Light has generated $150M. Owing to regional pricing and audience composition differences, the consoles make up a higher share of revenue than they do copies. Of the $150M, 60.5% came via PlayStation, 27.6% via Steam, and 12.9% via Xbox. Part of this is because over two-thirds of 007 First Light‘s PlayStation audience is in North America (43.4%) or Western Europe (23.2%), where local currency means the game generates more revenue per player. On Steam, under half of First Light‘s audience is from those same regions (31.8% North America, 15.1% Western Europe). As we covered in last week’s 007 Steam piece, the Steam version is pulling in higher-than-expected numbers in China, which now accounts for 17.3% of First Light‘s Steam audience. 007 is the equivalent of $44 USD in China, which is roughly 37% cheaper than the US price and about 44% cheaper than Western Europe. Subscribe for free to get the most accurate games estimates in your inbox twice a week 🫶 Subscribe The crossover data backs up what we’ve seen all year about launch-window cohorts. 11% of PS5 players who played 007 First Light in May also played Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight, which launched just a few days before. Last month was a great month for Denmark! IO Interactive is Copenhagen-based, and Lego Group is headquartered in Billund (TT Games is UK-based but produces work under Lego Group licence and direction). Speaking of which… A very blocky #2 and #3 Minecraft sold another 788K copies on PlayStation consoles last month. Business as usual, since Minecraft hasn’t sold fewer than 760K copies in a single month all year. With over 350M copies sold across all platforms, Minecraft is the best-selling game in history and one of the strongest brands in the world. Every month, a new cohort of children reaches Minecraft age, which guarantees a constant volume of new sales regardless of what the broader market is up to. The demographic refresh rate is truly impressive, with the audience renewing itself faster than it’s churning. Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight shifted 757K copies on PS5 last month, bringing its lifetime total on the platform to over 800K. Across all platforms, Legacy of the Dark Knight has now passed 1.5M sold through, so PlayStation accounts for over half of the game’s players. The May crossover data for Legacy of the Dark Knight on PS5 is also useful. 27% of those players also played Fortnite, 16% Roblox, 16% FC 26, and 14% NBA 2K. That’s the household-and-family cohort showing up, plus the launch-window cohort of core gamers who buy practically everything. FC 26 gets players through the door ahead of the World Cup FC 26 sold 411K copies on PlayStation last month (90% via PS5), the fewest copies FC 26 has sold all year and down heavily from April’s 700K. Part of this dropoff is because FC 26 has been available as a PlayStation Plus monthly game since 6 May, cannibalising premium sales. Subscribe for free to get the most accurate games estimates in your inbox twice a week 🫶 Subscribe The strategic logic is straightforward for EA, which is sacrificing premium unit sales in May to build up the player base ahead of the FIFA World Cup, which kicks off on 11 June. Obviously, a bigger player pool going into the tournament means a bigger pool of potential Ultimate Team spenders during the period when football attention is at its peak. The early returns are around what you’d expect, with 4.4M new players accessing FC 26 via PS Plus last month – a substantial new spender pool. Anecdotally, a few of my mates who were ‘’skipping FIFA and Ultimate Team this year’’, were drawn back in via PS Plus. Lo and behold, one of them is buying packs like it’s going out of fashion. Whether this is all a smart trade for EA depends entirely on the Ultimate Team conversion rate over the next six weeks. Either way, the short-term engagement impact on the game as a whole is evident. FC 26‘s MAUs hit a record 24M on PlayStation in May, up 30% from the previous record set in April. GTA V does what GTA V always does Rounding out the top five is another evergreen title. Grand Theft Auto V shifted another 387K copies on PlayStation last month. No matter what else is happening in the industry, GTA V keeps pulling players in. It’s sold another 1.8M copies on PS5 in the first half of this year alone, helping the franchise pass the 230M-sold milestone across all platforms. Subscribe for free to get the most accurate games estimates in your inbox twice a week 🫶 Subscribe I have a theory that Minecraft and GTA V are doing the same thing at different demographic levels. Both are functioning as generational gateway games that the audience ages into faster than it ages out of. Minecraft captures kids around age 6-10, GTA V captures much of the same audience around age 12-15 (unofficially, of course). The crossover data suggests this: 40% of GTA V‘s monthly PlayStation players typically play Fortnite in any given month, while 30% play Roblox. Household accounts aside, that’s not the original GTA V audience from 2013. Of course, the under-12 audience would love to get their hands on GTA, too. It’s always been the way of things, and some parents are happy to oblige. Mine did too back in the day, and I turned out just fine. Right? Right!? Want to get your hands on our data for yourself – for free? We’re offering a free trial of our platform for games companies. Send us a message here, or reply to this email, and we’ll set you up. The last word Reply to this email – or reach out here – if you have any feedback for the newsletter – or want to request a game for us to cover. [Alinea Analytics boasts the most accurate PC and console estimates in the business. Game makers use our platform to understand their audience, keep an eye on the competition, monitor sales trends, and spot new opportunities. We equip game studios and financial institutions with accurate data and the confidence to make smarter, data-driven decisions. Want to talk about all things games market data? We’d love to chat!]
How 'Avatar: The Last Airbender' season 2 delivers Toph and 'Fire Nation succession' (exclusive)
On set for 'Avatar: The Last Airbender' season 2 as the cast and crew preview what's to come (and look ahead to season 3).
'Survivor 50' players name the best moment of the season
'Survivor 50' players name the best moment of the season, and while one clear winning answer emerges, get ready for a few twists in the replies.
Ted Danson will 'apologize for the rest of my life' for infamous blackface performance at Whoopi Goldberg roast
Ted Danson recalls preparing for the infamous roast of Whoopi Goldberg in 1993. He knew immediately that it hadn't gone well.
Why Anna Faris thought she'd never do another 'Scary Movie': 'A concession of my soul'
Anna Faris never thought she'd return to the 'Scary Movie' franchise, fearing 'a concession of my soul.' Now, she tells EW that coming back as Cindy Campbell after 20 years has been a 'huge gift.'
Jason Sudeikis calls dating 'daunting' following Olivia Wilde split in rare comment about personal life
Jason Sudeikis finds dating 'daunting,' he says, six years after he and Olivia Wilde ended their engagement.
Lions add former Dolphins GM Chris Grier to front office
Former Dolphins General Manager Chris Grier has found a new job in Detroit.
Carolyn Bessette 'urged' JFK Jr. to call Princes William and Harry after Princess Diana's death, new book claims
Carolyn Bessette 'urged' JFK Jr. to call Princes William and Harry after their mother Princess Diana died following a car crash, a new book claims. The Kennedys and the Windsors had both experienced profound loss publicly.
Factorial Raises $150 Million to Expand AI Agents in Business Software
Venture-capital firm General Catalyst led the funding round—that also attracted interest from Atomico and Four Rivers—as AI reshapes the business-management software market.
The Gerrymandering of America: It’s About More Than Politics
The design of political constituencies is an important element in the maintenance of community. The way we have manipulated voting districts has eroded a relationship that ought to be fundamental to public life.
AVH annual health fair returns to Roaring Fork Valley
Aspen Valley Health is hosting its annual health fair from 8-11:30 a.m. June 5 and 6 at the AVH Medical Center in Aspen, and June 7 at the Eagle County Community Center in El Jebel.
Live primary election results
Polls have closed at the Taos County Administration Building, where the Taos County Clerk’s Office is preparing to welcome ballot deliveries from polling locations across the county.
Scott Pelley out at '60 Minutes' after slamming CBS News bosses
Longtime '60 Minutes' correspondent Scott Pelley has been fired from the venerable news program after clashing with CBS News leadership.
Can You Delay Menopause? Experts Explain What's Actually Possible
Trendy treatments like rapamycin and red light therapy claim to delay menopause, but the science behind ovarian aging is complicated.
Presbyterian Healthcare Services to layoff workers and discontinue some health plans
Presbyterian Hospital has announced the layoffs of 150 workers along with the discontinuation of most Medicare Advantage plans in 2027.
Presbyterian to lay off more than 100 employees, shifts health care offerings
Presbyterian said it will end most Medicare Advantage plans in 2027 and cut about 150 health plan and administrative jobs.
Jenna Bush Hager reacts to Jill Biden addressing her parents' romantic relationship in new book
Jenna Bush Hager is sharing her thoughts on Jill Biden detailing a flirtatious moment between her parents Laura and George W. Bush in her new memoir: 'A little spice in this book!'
Ending soon: Earn 150,000 miles with this all-time-high Capital One Venture Business offer
It's rare to see offers this large attached to credit cards with sub-$100 annual fees, like the Capital One Venture Business.
Android Is Fighting Phone Scams With a New Feature to Prove Who's Calling
Available for Android 12 and later, the anti-scam feature is baked into Google Dialer, which sends a silent “confirmation signal” to ensure whoever's calling you is who they appear to be.
Cause of death confirmed for Jamie Lee Curtis’ sister Kelly
Kelly Lee Curtis' cause of death has been confirmed by authorities. The older sister of Jamie Lee Curtis, Kelly died of natural causes.
Savannah Guthrie tries to 'fluster' Jennifer Lopez and Brett Goldstein by pressing them over dating rumors
'Office Romance' stars Jennifer Lopez and Brett Goldstein have sparked their own romance speculation, prompting Savannah Guthrie to grill them for answers.
Inside the 'Scary Movie' family reunion for an 'edgy as f---' new era
Marlon and Shawn Wayans, Regina Hall, and Anna Faris are giving EW an exclusive sneak peek at their rowdy return to the 'Scary Movie' franchise, which they call 'bare-knuckle boxing with kids' gloves on.'
How Science Works
The 2nd Weather and Climate Livestream is now underway. It is organized by a group of early-career researchers concerned about declining funding for the field and eager to demonstrate how weather and climate research makes a difference in our lives. Last year’s event was a great success, drawing terrific press coverage including a piece in the NY Times. This year features a strong lineup of talks aimed at a general audience — I highly recommend tuning in. Share I gave a talk yesterday about How Science Works in Three Steps. You can see the short presentation here (I’ve appended a transcript below): And please tune into the livestream here. It runs through tomorrow at 6 pm ET. Thanks for reading The Climate Brink! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support our work. Subscribe Cleaned up transcript: Thank you, and thanks to everyone tuning in. I want to talk about something I think a lot of people don’t really understand: how science actually works. Arguments over any scientific topic — climate change, vaccines, you name it — revolve around competing claims. For climate change, the claims are: Is the Earth warming? Are humans to blame? What will the impacts be? Over the last 150 years, the scientific community has developed a remarkably robust method for sorting out which claims are true and which aren’t. That method is what I want to walk through. So how does science generate knowledge? If you ask a high schooler, they’ll give you the version they learned in ninth grade: an individual scientist forms a hypothesis, runs an experiment, and draws a conclusion. That’s more or less what happens at the individual level, though in practice it’s more iterative — you design, test, and refine all at once, landing on a slightly different idea each time until you reach a conclusion about whatever hypothesis you’ve ended up with. But this isn’t science. It’s only step one. Any individual scientist can make mistakes — scientists are human. Maybe there’s a bug in the code, maybe there’s an error in the experiment. Just because someone ran an experiment and reached a conclusion doesn’t mean it’s right, and scientists don’t treat a single result as settled truth. Step two is peer review, the first layer of quality control. The scientist writes up what they did and submits it to a journal, which sends the paper to other experts in the field. Those experts judge whether the methods are sound, whether it properly references prior work, and whether the conclusions actually follow from the data. Ask any scientist and they’ll tell you peer review is miserable — the comments come back brutal, often harsh, and you have to revise and resubmit, sometimes multiple times, before an editor finally accepts the paper. Peer review catches an immense amount of bad science, but it can’t catch all of it. Reviewers get sloppy or overworked, they miss obvious mistakes, and they can’t catch hidden errors — a bug in the code, a misread instrument. So a peer-reviewed paper making it into a journal doesn’t mean the paper is right. Nobody treats a single paper as the final word. That’s where step three comes in: the crucible of science. Important results get retested by the broader community. If you publish something interesting, it gets dissected. Sometimes people try to reproduce your work directly but more often they test its implications. If someone claims X is true, and that implies that Y is also true, then scientists will go check Y. If a claim survives this gauntlet long enough, it becomes accepted. That’s how we generate knowledge. Let me give an example: the ozone hole. In 1985 — and I doubt many people watching were around then, but I remember it well — Joe Farman and his colleagues published observations from Antarctica showing that a huge chunk of ozone was disappearing every year. This was shocking because most atmospheric chemists had expected ozone loss to occur at mid-latitudes and high altitudes, not over the South Pole. When scientists see something they don’t understand, they rush to explain it, and several competing hypotheses quickly appeared in the peer-reviewed literature. One pointed to chlorine chemistry from chlorofluorocarbons. A second blamed nitrogen chemistry, possibly driven by solar proton events — meaning the sun was responsible. A third argued it wasn’t chemistry at all but dynamics: winds were carrying naturally low-ozone air from the lower atmosphere up into the stratosphere. Then the community went to work testing which theory could survive the crucible. Aircraft flew into the ozone hole and found no nitrogen, ruling out the nitrogen theory. Measurements showed the air in the polar vortex was descending, not rising — which would bring high-ozone air down, eliminating the dynamics theory. Meanwhile, those same flights measured enormous amounts of chlorine, strongly correlated with exactly the regions where ozone was being destroyed. That became known as the “smoking gun” paper, and it established that chlorine chemistry was the cause. Through this process, a consensus emerged. And it’s worth being clear that this consensus is organic. There’s no vote, no poll, no meeting where it gets decided. Scientists go to conferences, talk to one another, and independently arrived at the same answer. It’s the ultimate free market of ideas. After the consensus was established, the peer-reviewed literature doesn’t even mention the rival theories — it simply takes chlorine chemistry as given. That’s what a consensus looks like. It doesn’t mean every single scientist agrees, but it does mean there’s no longer any legitimate debate. So where can you see what scientists actually think? It’s all in the peer-reviewed literature, which contains the entire historical record of the argument: the discovery, the competing theories, the debate, the testing, and finally the community coalescing around one answer. But there’s a lot of room for misrepresentation. You can dig up an old paper claiming the ozone hole was caused by dynamics and wave it around as if there still was a debate about the cause of the ozone hole — without mentioning that the idea was disproven long ago and that even its own authors no longer believe it. There’s a bigger problem, though: the peer-reviewed literature is written in a language I call “nerd.” It’s extremely hard to read — honestly, some of it is hard for me to follow. It takes graduate students years to work through the literature in a single field, so we can’t expect policymakers or ordinary people to do it. This is where scientific assessments come in. The most famous is the IPCC — the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The job of an assessment is to read and summarize the peer-reviewed literature, synthesizing what’s settled, what’s been disproven, and what remains genuinely debated. To ensure the assessments accurately summarize the peer-reviewed literature, assessments are written by large teams, which are far less prone to bias than individuals and which dilute the influence of any one scientist with an axe to grind. The teams are deliberately assembled to avoid stacking the deck, and the reports themselves go through multiple rounds of peer review. That rigorous process is exactly why you can trust them and why people consider the IPCC to be the gold standard of what we know about the climate system. An assessment produced through a different process may well not be credible. You can even watch the consensus evolve across assessments. Take the attribution of warming. The 1990 IPCC report said the observed warming was broadly consistent with model predictions but also comparable to natural variability — in other words, we don’t know whether humans are responsible. By 1995, it concluded that the balance of evidence suggested a discernible human influence — a sentence only a committee could write, and one that barely commits to anything. By 2001, most of the warming over the previous 50 years was judged “likely” due to greenhouse gases; by 2007, “very likely”; by 2013, “extremely likely.” The 2023 report says essentially the same as 2013 — there’s not much stronger language available. So, to wrap up: science is our ultimate tool for deciphering the universe — the most successful method we’ve ever developed for determining what’s true and what isn’t. Our understanding is written into the peer-reviewed literature, so if you want to know what scientists think, that’s where to look. And for those of us who don’t speak nerd, scientific assessments are the Rosetta Stone — they translate nerd into English. Let me open the floor to questions. Thank you.
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