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Microsoft Introduces System Monitor (Sysmon) Support In Windows 11
Microsoft has begun rolling out native System Monitor (Sysmon) capabilities directly within Windows 11, marking a notable shift in how advanced system telemetry and threat detection can be deployed across Windows environments. The feature is currently being tested on select systems enrolled in the W
Streaming Netflix Will Soon No Longer Be An Option On A Once Popular Device
Netflix is phasing out the ability to stream the platform on a popular device that completely changed the home entertainment experience.
Trump admin. attorney leaves Minnesota after telling judge her job ‘sucks’ amid crush of immigration cases
An Immigration and Customs Enforcement attorney detailed to Minnesota to help handle the Trump administration’s immigration crackdown in the Twin Cities has been removed from her post after telling a judge that the job “sucks” because of the crushing workload and the government’s apparent inability to comply with court orders.
Maine GOP calls for tax cuts, not checks
Last week in her final State of the State Address, Mills, a Democrat running for the U.S. Senate, laid out what she called her “affordability agenda.” That includes $300 checks to about 725,000 Mainers who make less than $75,000 a year.
How diabetes in pregnancy may be linked to epilepsy in babies
And more health news from the Morning Rounds newsletter
Trillion-dollar question for AI business models
Investments in AI companies have surged, but profitability remains out of reach for many, prompting concerns about future business models.
Samsung starts teasing Galaxy S26’s camera capabilities
Samsung has started teasing the camera capabilities of the Galaxy S26 series. It has now published three short videos as teasers.
Thinking About Marijuana After 65? Doctors Warn of Overlooked Health Risks
Many people are using marijuana for medical reasons, and it may provide benefits for some. However, Stanford Medicine experts warn that older adults, in particular, should be mindful of the potential health risks. Eloise Theisen had no plans to become a medical cannabis expert. Now a geriatric
A New Mission for a N.Y.C. Development Agency: Economic Justice
According to a Jan. 2 memo obtained by The New York Times, Mayor Zohran Mamdani wants to remake the agency as part of his vow to address affordability and workers’ rights.
Relay Resources Adds Vice Presidents of Employee Experience, Business Transformation
PORTLAND, Ore., February 04, 2026--Relay Resources, the Pacific Northwest’s leading social enterprise nonprofit committed to advancing disability inclusion in the workplace, has added two senior leaders to its executive team: Oscar Rico-Cazares was named Vice President, Employee Experience and Talent Management, while Paulien van Uden was promoted to Vice President of Business Transformation.
WisdomTree CEO says crypto is now a core business, nearing profitability
WisdomTree’s Jonathan Steinberg says the firm’s tokenization push is nearing profitability, with $750 million in digital assets and long-term plans to modernize financial infrastructure.
Xcode moves into agentic coding with deeper OpenAI and Anthropic integrations
Xcode 26.3 offers agentic coding capabilities with Anthropic's Claude Agent and OpenAI's Codex.
US carrier shoots down Iranian drone and armed boats threaten US tanker as tensions in with Iran escalate
A US aircraft carrier shot down an Iranian drone that “aggressively approached” the ship in the Arabian Sea on Tuesday hours before two gunboats operated by Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps approached a US-flagged tanker in the Strait of Hormuz and threatened to board and seize the ship, according to a US military spokesman.
Key business publications spotlight new Sportservice leaders
Two recently appointed leaders of Delaware North’s Sportservice business – Tom Barney and Adrian Dishington – were profiled this month in Sports Business Journal (SBJ) and Buffalo Business First, respectively. Together, their stories highlight both the company’s deep bench of homegrown talent and its ability to attract global hospitality expertise to Buffalo. Tom Barney featured in Sports Business Journal In an interview […]
Brewing Better Health explores healthy habits and prevention
A School of Public Health Brewing Better Health conversation with Angela Heinemann, Ph.D., and Dean Muge Akpinar-Elci, M.D., MPH, on habit formation, prevention and healthy routines at any age.
‘Biblical Diseases’ Could Resurge in Africa, Health Officials Fear
Parasites and infections that cause blindness and other disabilities were nearly eliminated in some countries, but drug distribution to prevent and treat them was derailed in many places in 2025 after the U.S. cut aid.
Jim Crist: How affordability relates to income inequality and money in politics
A formula for saving America
Perspectives on Politics: Gendered Perceptions of Legislative Influence -
Gendered Perceptions of Legislative Influence By Jaclyn Kaslovsky, Washington University, Tabitha Koch, Rice University, and Michael P. Olson, Washington University Women legislators face a variety of gendered barriers both outside and inside the legislature. Yet, [...]
RxUtility and Buzz Health Partner to Boost Medication Price Transparency for Consumers
NASHVILLE, Tenn. & FORT WALTON BEACH, Fla., February 03, 2026--RxUtility, a medication affordability toolkit, announced a partnership with Buzz Health, leveraging its RxCompare multi-discount card pricing API.
Poll: Hochul hits new favorability rating high, keeps lead over Blakeman
New Yorkers don’t like U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) the poll found, with only 28% supporting it and 67% opposed to it.
Gold and silver prices jump again as markets stabilise; SpaceX buys xAI in $1.25tn deal
Rolling coverage of the latest economic and financial news
Patriots Veteran Made Predictable Choice At Super Bowl Opening Night
New England Patriots wide receiver Mack Hollins didn’t wear shoes to Super Bowl Opening Night on Monday. Surprised? No, of course you aren’t! Hollins, who says that he only wears shoes when necessary and likes being barefoot because it strengthens his feet, ankles, and knees, once again let those things breathe during his media availability […]
Galaxy Buds 4 may not have Galaxy Buds 3 like quality and reliability issues
Samsung has reportedly prioritized quality and reliability in the Galaxy Buds 4 and Galaxy Buds 4 Pro over simply offering more features.
Rot-Weiss Essen set to sign striker and goalkeeper
Rot-Weiss Essen have quietly strengthened their squad at the last minute, with Dickson Abiama arriving from 1.FC Kaiserslautern.The strike is on the verge of joining the club at the Hafenstraße stadi...
State’s biggest business groups sound off on how to make Massachusetts more competitive
"Affordability” seems to be the big watchword among the state’s business groups, and the annual meeting of the Massachusetts Health & Hospital Association was no exception.
Palantir’s Q4: The AI story finally looks like a business
Palantir delivered the kind of fourth-quarter profitability that tends to quiet the nice-demo crowd – for at least a few hours
Russian hackers exploit recently patched Microsoft Office bug in attacks
Ukraine's Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) says that Russian hackers are exploiting CVE-2026-21509, a recently patched vulnerability in multiple versions of Microsoft Office.
Vendor Notebook: Tackling deployment gaps with agentic AI
Epic, Oracle and Humana have all announced new integrated capabilities. Meanwhile, Corti says through its new infrastructure on NVIDIA that healthcare organizations can create artificial intelligence agents and scale without clinical risk.
Make 2026 the year veterans have more control of their health care
The Veterans’ ACCESS Act would build off the success of the VA MISSION Act, add transparency, put more control in veterans’ hands, and provide accountability for VA staff to ensure vete…
Longtime owner of popular sports memorabilia shop in Delaware Co. dies
Carl Henderson, the owner of a popular sports memorabilia shop in Havertown, Delaware County, has died.
WATCH LIVE: RFK Jr announces initiative to confront mental health, addiction
A bipartisan group of policy leaders will announce the launch of Action for Progress, abipartisan initiative to confront America’s growing mental health and addiction crisis.
2-month-olds see the world in a more complex way than scientists thought, study suggests
A new study suggests that babies are able to distinguish between the different objects they see around them at 2 months old, which earlier than scientists previously thought.
Norton Rose Fulbright expands business practice with five partners in two cities
New arrivals advance firm’s transactional and healthcare capabilities in key US marketsChicago, IL, Feb. 02, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Global law firm Norton Rose Fulbright today announced a powerful expansion of its business practice with the addition of an impressive group of corporate, private equity, healthcare, finance and tax lawyers who further enhance the firm’s robust transactional capabilities. Andrew Smolik and Michael Flood join Norton Rose Fulbright’s St. Louis office, as Seth Aigner
Bob Iger Acknowledges Rivalry Between Entertainment & Parks To Drive Disney Profits, Says Both Have “Ability To Grow Nicely”
The CEO noted "a healthy competition ... in terms of which of those two businesses is going to essentially prevail as the number one driver of profitability."
Vanderbilt Health acquires Tennova’s Clarksville hospital and related physician clinics from Community Health Systems
Leaders with Vanderbilt Health announced today completion of the acquisition of Tennova Healthcare-Clarksville Hospital and freestanding emergency room Tennova ER-Sango, along with the hospital’s related businesses, including physician clinics and outpatient services, from Community Health Systems Inc. (CHS). Vanderbilt Health has held a 20% minority interest in these operations since 2021. Under Vanderbilt Health’s ownership, the 270-bed hospital will be named Vanderbilt Clarksville Hospital (VCH) while the freestanding Sango ER will be named Vanderbilt Emergency Sango. Also joining the Vanderbilt Health system through the acquisition are physician practice locations in Clarksville, Dover, Pleasant View and Tiny Town offering, depending on location, orthopaedics, primary care, wound care, digestive health, urology and surgical services. Acquisition of the hospital and its related physician practices expands Vanderbilt Health’s ability to serve patients across the region, supporting its ability to provide high-quality care in more convenient, community settings that are also more cost-effective. “We are thrilled to welcome Vanderbilt Clarksville Hospital into our health system. Providing exceptional care close to home is invaluable, and we are eager to serve the citizens of Clarksville and Montgomery County by expanding the hospital’s programs and services,” said Jeff Balser, MD, PhD, President and CEO of Vanderbilt Health and Dean of Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. This acquisition marks Vanderbilt Health’s fourth regional hospital expansion, further strengthening its presence across Middle Tennessee beyond its already extensive inpatient and ambulatory services in Nashville. VCH joins Vanderbilt Health’s network of regional medical centers that now include Vanderbilt Wilson County Hospital in Lebanon, Vanderbilt Tullahoma-Harton Hospital in Coffee County, and Vanderbilt Bedford Hospital in Shelbyville. With a strong record of growth and investment in people, programs and services for its regional hospitals, residents of Clarksville, Montgomery County and the surrounding region can expect that Vanderbilt Health will bring a host of adult and pediatric services to the area. Initial plans for VCH over the upcoming year include increased staffing for the hospital’s emergency services, including the addition of pediatric emergency medicine specialists with Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, along with increased surgical specialty offerings. Longer term, physicians and staff will be recruited to bring a broader array of adult and pediatric specialty services to the community. “I am delighted to welcome the physicians, nurses and staff of Vanderbilt Clarksville Hospital into the Vanderbilt Health family and look forward to working closely with the hospital’s medical staff and members of the local health care community to ensure we excel at meeting their needs as caregivers as we pursue the goal of improving the health and wellbeing of the patients we serve,” said Jane Freedman, MD, Deputy Chief Executive Officer and Chief Health System Officer for Vanderbilt Health. Currently, VCH employs approximately 1,100 staff and more than 30 physicians. Through this acquisition Vanderbilt Health has committed to hire substantially all current employees who are in good standing. Services already established by Vanderbilt Health at VCH include an OB-GYN hospitalist program, an array of oncology services provided by a multidisciplinary team with Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, and neonatal care in the hospital’s Level II Neonatal Intensive Care Unit provided by specialists with Monroe Carell. VCH has been designated as an Accredited Chest Pain Center and a Wound Care Center of Distinction and has earned the Gold Seal of Approval from The Joint Commission. More information about Vanderbilt Clarksville Hospital is available at: vanderbilthealth.com/hospital/vanderbilt-clarksville-hospital
One of Earth’s most abundant lifeforms has a fatal flaw
SAR11 bacteria dominate the world’s oceans by being incredibly efficient, shedding genes to survive in nutrient-poor waters. But that extreme streamlining appears to backfire when conditions change. Under stress, many cells keep copying their DNA without dividing, creating abnormal cells that grow large and die. This vulnerability may explain why SAR11 populations drop during phytoplankton blooms and could become more important as oceans grow less stable.
Trump has turned his biggest political asset into a liability
How America soured on mass deportation.
Intesa Sanpaolo presents its 2026–2029 Business Plan: scaling a proven model with sustainable profitability and strong capital returns
MILAN, Feb. 02, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Intesa Sanpaolo unveiled its 2026–2029 Business Plan, setting out a strategy built on businesses already in place, investments already made and a proven operating model. The Plan targets a sustainable ROE >20%, confirms the Group’s Zero-NPL profile and is underpinned by a technology- and fee-driven business model. It is designed to be delivered with no execution risk, supported by Intesa Sanpaolo’s long-standing ability to extract intragroup synergies. Ov
K2 International Expands Financial Lines Capabilities with Acquisition of Rising Edge’s Management Liability Business
LONDON, February 02, 2026--K2 Insurance Services announces today the acquisition of Rising Edge’s Management Liability Underwriting business. This team will form a new division, rebranded K2 Executive Risk Limited, as part of K2 Group Holdings Limited (K2 International).
US can’t isolate itself from the world of science
If things continue on the current trajectory, we will soon lack the ability to understand what the advances in science developed elsewhere mean and how we might exploit them.
DHL Health Logistics Singapore Expands Capabilities to Elevate Life Science & Healthcare Logistics
DHL Group has announced the expansion of its life sciences arm—DHL Health Logistics—with the development of a €10 million Pharmaceutical Hub in Singapore. This investment bolsters regional Life Sciences and Healthcare (LSHC) infrastructure.
GOP Sen. Ron Johnson pans Democrats’ proposed DHS reforms: They are ‘neutering our ability to enforce any immigration laws’
Texas Republicans shift messaging around ICE tactics amid election-year risks
With midterm elections approaching, Texas Republicans are publicly questioning ICE's tactics following deadly and controversial enforcement actions. Analysts say the rhetoric reflects growing political vulnerability rather than a true break from the party's tough stance on immigration.
Baby dinosaurs were the backbone of the Jurassic food chain
Despite growing into the largest animals ever to walk on land, sauropods began life small, exposed, and alone. Fossil evidence suggests their babies were frequently eaten by multiple predators, making them a key part of the Jurassic food chain. This steady supply of easy prey may explain why early predators thrived without needing extreme hunting adaptations. The findings offer a rare glimpse into how dinosaur ecosystems truly worked.
Alzheimer’s scrambles memories while the brain rests
When the brain rests, it usually replays recent experiences to strengthen memory. Scientists found that in Alzheimer’s-like mice, this replay still occurs — but the signals are jumbled and poorly coordinated. As a result, memory-supporting brain cells lose their stability, and the animals struggle to remember where they’ve been.
How Thoughtful Experience Design Leads to Better Business Outcomes
See how CG Infinity’s Salesforce Practice delivers scalable, integrated Marketing Cloud solutions that turn platform capabilities into real business outcomes.
Air India Upgrades Dreamliner Cabins and In-flight Entertainment
Thales and JPA Design contributed to the new 787 interiors
Local Business Spotlight: Borderland Lodge
When guests arrive at Borderland Lodge, owners Dave and Stephanie Shea say they want visitors to experience what many find along the Gunflint Trail, a “sense of magic and wonder.” For the past five years, they have been doing just that. When guests call to book a room or cabin, Dave, Stephanie, and their staff...
Netflix may be turning into an ‘entertainment giant,’ but its stock looks like ‘dead money’ to investors
"They had this really great profitability story," S&P's Melissa Otto says. But when that feels priced in, "that's probably going to spoil the market."
Netflix may be turning into an 'entertainment giant,' but its stock looks like 'dead money' to investors
"They had this really great profitability story," S&P's Melissa Otto says. But when that feels priced in, "that's probably going to spoil the market."
Flew 9 hours in Europe's 'best' airline economy cabin; food impressed
Turkish Airlines is considered the best airline in Europe. Besides a few complaints, I get the hype — and I'd actually recommend eating the food.
Nurses strike because health care is rigged for CEOs, not us
As a nurse for 31 years, I stand with the striking NYC nurses who refuse to accept exhaustion, injury and disposability as the cost of care.
Government shutdown or ICE accountability? Senator says that's 'bottom line'
On the verge of another government shutdown, California Sen. Alex Padilla wants more accountability for ICE and less funding for Homeland Security.
Opinion | In Science We Trust. Or Do We?
Readers respond to a guest essay about the methods and reliability of science. Also: Opioid addiction; judges and presidents; cursive writing.
‘Innovating weather science’: Met Office launches new two-week forecast
Weather service research finds less accurate probability-based predictions are still considered helpful
The Next Crisis Won’t Wait: Why Pandemic Preparedness Is a Business Imperative
Global health security —the ability to protect against the negative impacts of disease outbreaks — is too important to be left solely to the public sector. Industry has a vital interest in helping countries better prepare for future epidemics and pandemics.
NIH announces first strategic plan for disability health research
And other health news from the Morning Rounds newsletter
🚨 BREAKING: Max Dowman agrees professional terms at Arsenal
Arsenal youngster Max Dowman has agreed to sign professional terms with the club when he turns 17.The Gunners confirmed the news via their official social media channels on Friday morning with Dowman ...
Apple buys secretive Israeli AI company Q.ai for $1.6 billion in biggest acquisition of its history
With the move, Apple aims to improve its access to AI technology, which has suffered recent setbacks, especially after several delays in deploying Apple Intelligence's full announced capabilities.
Philadelphia nonprofit helps people with mental health, intellectual challenges find job opportunities
A Philadelphia nonprofit is finding job opportunities for people with mental health and intellectual challenges.
Google adds Video Overviews to NotebookLM app on Android, iOS
NotebookLM is adding Video Overviews support and the ability to customize Infographics to the Android and iOS apps.
HOMETOWN ENTERTAINMENT: Cabin fever setting in? There are some great events to keep you busy this weekend
From classic rock tribute bands to music celebrating Black History Month, our hometowns have a lot to offer this weekend.
Three months after Hurricane Melissa: PAHO continues supporting health system recovery across the Caribbean
Washington, DC, 28 January 2026 (PAHO)- Ninety days after Hurricane Melissa swept across parts of the Caribbean, countries are transitioning from emergency response toward recovery—while continuing to confront public health risks linked to damaged infrastructure, disrupted services, and heightened vulnerability to disease. The Category 5 storm made landfall first in Jamaica on 28 October 2025, causing widespread damage in several Caribbean nations, mainly across Jamaica, Cuba and Haiti, and placing sustained pressure on national health systems.
Several Bellingham businesses will close Jan. 30 for nationwide ICE protest
“It’s time to speak up in the best way to make our government listen: the money in their pockets.”
Ivanti warns of two EPMM flaws exploited in zero-day attacks
Ivanti has disclosed two critical vulnerabilities in Ivanti Endpoint Manager Mobile (EPMM), tracked as CVE-2026-1281 and CVE-2026-1340, that were exploited in zero-day attacks.
CBIA spotlights affordability, workforce ahead of legislative session
Connecticut’s largest business association laid out a policy agenda Thursday that addresses the needs of the state’s small businesses.
The secret to long life? It could be in the genes after all, say scientists
New study into ‘heritability’ shows that 50% of the variation in human lifespan could be down to genetics
Trump Says He Only Appeared to Nod Off in Last Cabinet Meeting Because It Was ‘Boring’
Mr. Trump’s allies have strenuously insisted that he was alert and attentive at the meeting last month. The president said he had only closed his eyes.
Healey tells business leaders she's focused on driving down costs in Mass.
Gov. Healey spoke to business leaders Thursday to share her focus on affordability.
cbdMD Strengthens Regulatory Science Platform to Support Emerging Regulatory Cannabinoid Evaluation Pathways
cbdMD, Inc. (NYSE American: YCBD), a leading innovator in hemp-derived wellness products, today announced a strategic initiative to integrate and expand its regulatory science, safety, and intellectual property assets to establish a differentiated cannabinoid compliance and evidence platform aligned with evolving federal healthcare evaluation frameworks, including emerging CMS and CMMI innovation initiatives.
Monkey Business: Using Genetics to Understanding Decision-Making in Monkeys
Abigail Morris first visited the Peruvian Amazon when she was 6 years old. Now, as a Ph.D. candidate in the Animal Behavior Graduate Group, she has returned to study how seasonal flooding affects the behavior, diet and population genetics of two species of monkey: monk sakis (Pithecia monachus) and large-headed capuchins (Sapajus apella macrocephalus).
Democratic Governors Promise Accountability After Alex Pretti Killing
The chin-out rhetoric of Democratic governors about holding Trump administration officials responsible for violence in their cities may be more political than practicable.
GM's ability to balance profits, politics under Trump paying off for investors
GM's ability to walk such a tightrope has been easier to do when it can fall, if needed, onto $21.7 billion in cash to end 2025.
Hims & Hers Super Bowl Ad To Spotlight The Health-Wealth Gap
Narrated by Common, HIms and Hers' 2026 Super Bowl ad highlights how income disparities shape health outcomes—and position affordability as part of the solution.
1 'Powerful' Habit For Heart Health That's Not Exercise
In TODAY.com's Expert Tip of the Day, a cardiologist reveals a habit that has the heart-healthy benefits of exercise, but can be done while sitting in place.
Navigating an Unaffordable Health Insurance Market | Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Expensive premiums affect more than a person's ability to get care when they’re sick.
Driving Habits Provide Window Into Seniors' Brain Health
By Dennis Thompson HealthDay ReporterTHURSDAY, Jan. 29, 2026 (HealthDay News) — Larry Duncan valued driving as part of his independence. But Duncan — a retired business owner from Pinehurst, North Carolina — started to become more nervous behind the wheel prior to his diagnosis with Alzheimer’s ...
N-able Ushers in New Era of Business Resilience Fueled by AI
BURLINGTON, Mass., January 29, 2026--N-able, Inc. (NYSE: NABL), a global software company delivering an end-to-end cyber resilience platform, today announced enhanced AI capabilities across its platform to help organizations operate securely, efficiently, and resiliently as AI reshapes both cyberthreats and IT complexity.
Google Chrome Gets Gemini Side Panel and Agentic Browsing Features
AI-powered browsing features have become a battleground among browser makers in recent months. OpenAI launched its Atlas browser in October, while Microsoft Edge and Opera have also introduced AI assistants and automated browsing capabilities. And now Google is upping the ante. The company has announced a slew of new AI features fro Chrome, including a persistent sidebar for the Gemini chatbot and "auto browse" capabilities that can perform web tasks on your behalf.
Americans Are More Worried About Health Care Costs Than Gas or Groceries
The price of health care tops the US public’s long list of economic worries ahead of the midterm elections, according to new polling data, as “affordability” has become a buzzword championed by politicians on both sides of the aisle.
Exclusive: Honda signs Fabio Quartararo for 2027 MotoGP season
Quartararo’s switch from Yamaha to Honda marks the first major move of the 2027 MotoGP rider market
A potentially habitable new planet has been discovered 146 light-years away – but it may be -70C
The Earth-size planet HD 137010 b has a ‘50% chance of residing in the habitable zone’ of its sun-like star, scientists say
Older adults’ driving habits offer window into brain health, cognitive decline
Research Highlights: A study of over 200 adults followed for five years found that greater white matter damage in the brain was linked to decreased driving, fewer trips, repetitive routes and having more driving errors, especially in those who later ...
Trump Rallies Business Leaders to Fund Accounts for Babies
The President joined with celebrities, CEOs, and officials to stoke support for the new Trump Accounts.
Fact check: Trump says Democrats don’t talk about affordability anymore (they do) because inflation is over (it isn’t)
President Donald Trump tried Tuesday to concoct an alternative reality on the subject of “affordability” – piling lie on top of lie to try to convince Americans that the issue has vanished.
With AlphaGenome, Researchers Are Using A.I. to Decode the Human Blueprint
AlphaGenome is a leap forward in the ability to study the human blueprint. But the fine workings of our DNA are still largely a mystery.
Business groups back freight brokers in Supreme Court trucking liability fight
U.S. Chamber of Commerce, National Retail Federation among those supporting C.H. Robinson in the brief.
Business groups back freight brokers in Supreme Court trucking liability fight
U.S. Chamber of Commerce, National Retail Federation among those supporting C.H. Robinson in the brief. The post Business groups back freight brokers in Supreme Court trucking liability fight appeared first on FreightWaves.
AMD Ryzen 7 9850X3D Linux Performance Review
Ahead of tomorrow's official availability of the AMD Ryzen 7 9850X3D at $499 USD, today the review embargo lifted.
Kast’s Cabinet Set to Confront Distinctly Political Challenges
Chile’s president-elect has rolled out a pro-business cast of ministers, tasked with finding political solutions, an expert writes.
Windows 11’s ability to resume Android apps on your PC is getting closer
The feature is now in Release Preview testing
Investment and Statecraft: The International Politics of Sovereign Wealth Funds - Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
In 1953, Kuwait established the world’s first sovereign wealth fund to invest the country’s oil revenues and generate returns that would reduce its reliance on a single resource. Since then, over 100 separate funds have been created to preserve national wealth and ensure long-term fiscal sustainability. Today, they manage over $10 trillion in global assets. In this discussion with GJIA, political economist Kathryn Lavelle explains the increasingly novel dynamics that surround fund behavior and what the world can come to expect from their growing presence in international financial markets. GJIA: When it comes to the roles sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) play in global markets and politics, what would you say makes them unique? Kathryn Lavelle: Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) operate on behalf of governments as investors. That in itself is a strange relationship. Within them, a core contest takes place between the state’s interests (or sovereign) part of the dynamic, and the money interests (or wealth) part of it, and these two aspects are frequently in contradiction, serving fundamentally different goals. SWFs are also quite fascinating because when you talk to the people who manage these funds, they have an interest in convincing you that the decisions are made almost exclusively on a financial basis—they really will go to great lengths to differentiate their government owners and those who make the management decisions. At the same time, these people ultimately answer to someone in power. Therefore, for most SWFs, it remains deeply unclear who is actually making the investment decisions and for what purposes. Of course, it is not always clear how other vehicles, such as hedge funds and private equity make the decisions they do, but I think what a lot of people find particularly disconcerting about SWFs is that they seem to act on behalf of people who have a different identity from their own. People who could be trying to manipulate politics and markets in a way that would have a long-term effect on their own populations. Regular investors come and go at will, and they only share an interest in profit as far as most of us understand. However, SWFs have that extra “sovereign” part right behind them that obscures their true interest. GJIA: These funds can be found in countries all across the globe, in both authoritarian states and democracies. Would you say SWFs differ in their goals and structures between regime-type? KL: It is not necessarily regime type that makes the goals and structures of SWFs different. It has to do with their economies. Let’s look at a country like China. There’s going to be a debate about exactly how to characterize the regime, but it is a country with many different kinds of sovereign wealth funds, and a particularly opaque state connection to each. At one time, some of the state-owned Chinese oil companies created specialized investment vehicles listed outside Chinese markets that excluded parts of the firms that were more associated with human rights violations. At the same time, the China Investment Corporation (CIC)—China’s largest SWF—draws a lot of concern, not necessarily because of its investment activities, but because of the dynamics of global politics. So, I wouldn’t really tie differences to regime types themselves in a wholesale way, but rather to how such funds are perceived and how they are structured. Saudi Arabia’s SWF is getting all kinds of attention for its involvement in Hollywood, and this takes me right back to when I was a student in the 1980s, when people were concerned about Japanese investment entities buying assets in Hollywood. They aren’t quite the same in financial terms, but it’s the same kind of concern about foreign investment that drives people to be suspicious, and the whole idea that “foreigners are influencing Hollywood.” This holds true across industries, and it reflects where politics are in places like the United States right now. One metric we can try to look at is transparency, where all the funds will tell you, “we are transparent.” The problem you’ll keep running into with this approach is how you value things. When trying to do comparative studies of equity markets, you’ll find that every country doesn’t use Generally Accepted Accounting Principles like we do in the United States. A fund may appear opaque politically and not want people to show what they’re invested in or what their intent with that investment is, but they could also just not be able to report it because of the way it was purchased, or the kinds of shares they purchased. There are some assets out there that really are difficult to put a monetary value on. GJIA: To what extent do domestic politics shape SWF behavior in both the investing “home” country and the recipient “host” country? KL: This depends on the type of fund present and also on the extent to which voters’ political views are able to influence the fund. For example, in a democratic home state like Norway, the SWF doesn’t invest in nuclear weapons or tobacco because of social concerns, but there is a continuing debate over whether it should invest in oil, even though that’s where most of the money comes from. The degree to which Norway will continue to make those investments, and whether they contradict the government’s overall climate goals, is an open question in Norwegian politics. Because of the way the fund’s governance is structured, it may not be easy to resolve. On the other hand, some people consider pension funds, like the State Teachers Retirement System (STRS) in Ohio, to be quasi-SWF. They have a very strict separation between the people who make up the management division and the fund owners. No teacher or professor would want to invest in things that may harm the future of their students. At the same time, a fund manager might see an opportunity in a diversified multinational corporation that offers a good return, despite it deriving part of its revenue from e-cigarettes. These contests are very apparent. Domestic politics can work in host countries too. A good example is Singapore’s SWF, Temasek, investing in Thailand’s telecommunications sector. If you study political economy, you already know that countries everywhere are uncomfortable with foreign ownership of their telecom sectors because a foreign entity could monitor or manipulate our communications with each other. In the case of Temasek, there was significant pushback from Thai citizens surrounding the deal, which went on to influence national political sentiment toward Singapore as a whole, underscoring the risks some SWFs may face with their investment choices. In this case, fund behavior led to the dissolution of the entire Thai government in 2006 and a subsequent coup d’état. GJIA: To address some of this unease, the Santiago Principles were established in 2009 to ostensibly promote trust and transparency. From your perspective, have these mechanisms actually changed fund behavior? KL: In international relations theory, we always like to have a clear set of norms and best practices—the orientation we want the proverbial ship to be going in. In that regard, the Santiago Principles at least got the discussion going about which direction SWFs should take at a time when people were very skittish about the growing size of these funds. Nobody wanted them to be out there and potentially destabilizing economies, so talks about disclosure, conditions for withdrawal, and the independence of managers were helpful when initiated. The biggest stumbling block was that there wasn’t exactly a good way to measure compliance with the Principles, let alone how to hold funds to them. If you read the Principles, they’re overall quite vague. In general, a fund doesn’t want to reveal how and why they make certain investment decisions because that information is proprietary—a fund makes money off of how and why it makes decisions—so how do you reconcile that with loosely-defined ideas of openness? Some decisions might have a political purpose. The bottom line is that trying to figure out and assign a score to compliance is not easy, and it is therefore the reason why the Santiago Principles never really got off the ground to the point where they could truly direct fund behavior. GJIA: Many emerging markets are looking to build their own SWFs from mineral and oil revenues. Historically, have funds shaped development trajectories in these countries? KL: I think the big story in international emerging markets investment is that the investment is increasingly no longer unidirectional. In the past multinational corporations of primarily Western background were the main form of foreign direct investment in a country. That has changed dramatically, to the point where you have companies from so-called “developing countries” taking over companies in the United States. Therefore, the landscape of international investment has changed, and I think SWFs are certainly a possibility to be the next step in the game. Historically, you didn’t need an entire financial vehicle to reinvest commodity revenues in your country, but as emerging markets get more financially sophisticated, their capacity to operate such funds has increased. SWFs would allow treasuries to move from relying on holding foreign exchange assets like cash or government bonds to having broader financial markets and targeted growth areas, while easing pressure on welfare expenditures. GJIA: With their increasing financial weight, do you see the presence of SWFs being a factor in the political choices leaders will have to make with regard to domestic and foreign policy? KL: It will depend on just how big the funds get. One of the reasons people are already apprehensive is because of their scale, and if certain SWFs in certain countries achieve a large-enough size, the presence will absolutely be cause for concern. The other factor political leaders will have to consider are their objectives. It’s not always clear how to define a SWF, or even where its activity is concentrated, but it is certainly a worry from the perspective of national security of opaque external investment. More than that, I think one of the most interesting questions going forward is whether the United States, the home to the world’s largest financial markets, will develop its own fund, for which the Trump administration announced a plan. There have also been several proposals in Congress. Were it to come into being, it would have tremendous weight. At the same time, one of the hallmarks of U.S. capitalism is a lack of government ownership of shares, so it would not be clear how such a fund would be received in domestic politics, or which direction it would take. Given how politically fragmented the country is, a Democratic administration would likely be concerned about different sectors of the economy, such as healthcare, and want investment there, rather than a Republican administration, which might prefer defense industries. No investment vehicle could thrive under conditions of such instability. Moreover, it remains unclear where the money to fund a theoretical U.S. SWF would come from. It would be a fundamentally different entity depending on whether it is financed with debt, economic surplus, commodities, or the sale of state companies, as in the case of Singapore. If it is debt, or government borrowing of some form, then the fund would have to outperform whatever the cost of that debt is, which is not an easy thing to do. I think our political leaders have enough on their plate. Our system has worked well keeping political and investment functions generally separate. We have seen different forms of business rise and fall, and even the perception of different countries, all of which funds are tied to. Unless a major SWF either starts—like in the case of the United States—or collapses—an issue that concerns the Saudis, I don’t see any political tsunamis on the horizon. . . . Kathryn Lavelle is the Ellen and Dixon Long Professor of World Affairs at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. Her research explores the exchange between domestic and international and political institutions with a particular emphasis on political economy and multilateralism. Dr. Lavelle’s first book, The Politics of Equity Finance in Emerging Markets, explored the political circumstances that surround large issues of stock in the developing world. After being granted tenure at Case Western, she was awarded an American Political Science Association Congressional Fellowship and named the William A. Steiger fellow, a designation given to the most promising political scientist in her class of fellows. While in Washington during 2006-2007, she worked on the staff of the House Committee on Financial Services on issues related to domestic and international monetary policy. Dr. Lavelle holds a PhD in political science from Northwestern University; an M.A. in government and foreign affairs from the University of Virginia; and a bachelor’s degree in international economics from Georgetown University. She is a permanent member of the New York Council on Foreign Relations. This transcript has been lightly edited for clarity and length. Interview conducted by Sid Mehrotra. Image Credit: Jason Leung, Unsplash Content Licenses, via Unsplash
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