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Zuckerberg meeting ‘a slap in the face,’ says father who lost son to suicide after online scam
Scientists Stunned: Colossal Eggs Discovered 3,500 Meters Beneath an Active Volcano
Beneath an active seafloor volcano off Vancouver Island, researchers have documented a congregation of giant eggs at roughly 3,500 meters, a discovery that reframes how life can flourish under extreme conditions. The eggs belong to the Pacific white skate, an elusive deep‑sea species adapted to cold, crushing pressure and perpetual darkness. What seemed an unlikely nursery is actually a geothermally warmed refuge, where subtle heat helps embryos survive a marathon incubation. The finding links volcanic energy to a quiet engine of biodiversity, turning a hostile landscape into an incubator. A living volcano, a hidden nursery The seamount long assumed dormant now exhales mineral‑rich, shimmering plumes, proof of hydrothermal life at depth. Expedition cameras swept across black basalt and pale bacterial mats, revealing vents that pulse with warmth. That warmth, though modest by human standards, alters the physics of development for cold‑adapted embryos. In a realm where metabolism creeps, even a few degrees can mean faster growth and higher survival. The volcano is not only active; it is ecologically formative, drafting a blueprint for a thriving oasis. Giant eggs and a skate built for the abyss The Pacific white skate, Bathyraja spinosissima, is built for the abyss: broad wings, armored spines, and a life history that trades speed for endurance. Females lay outsized, rectangular “mermaid’s purses,” often 46–50 centimeters long, packed with rich yolk to fuel years of growth. In the frigid deep, embryos can require around four years to hatch, a timeline that magnifies every energetic advantage. The scale is striking—large eggs, large adults, and a textbook case of deep‑sea gigantism. The volcano’s gentle heat may literally shave months or years from the wait. Why heat matters at the bottom of the sea Hydrothermal circulation delivers low‑level warmth without the turbulence that would scatter fragile egg‑cases. Slightly elevated temperatures accelerate enzyme kinetics, nudging development along while keeping embryos within a safe range. Mineral‑laden fluids likely shape local microbiomes, which, in turn, can influence biofilms on egg surfaces. The environment acts like a slow, steady incubator, countering the deep sea’s tyrannies of cold and scarcity. For a species with long maturation and few offspring, every incremental boost compounds across generations. An ecosystem sculpted by fire and water Seafloor volcanoes create steep environmental gradients, stitching together hot vents, cool eddies, and mineral gardens into mosaic habitats. Microbes harvest chemical energy, seeding food webs that support crustaceans, fishes, and skates. Cameras documented egg‑cases nestled among rocky ledges, near communities nourished by vent‑driven chemistry. These islands of productivity behave like deep‑sea oases, sustaining life far beyond the vent orifice’s flickering light. The nursery’s success underscores how geological forces engineer biological opportunity. “Finding a cradle of life tucked beneath a breathing volcano reminds us that the planet’s harshest places can be profoundly generous.” What the discovery could change The nursery reframes conservation priorities in regions where volcanism quietly underwrites reproduction. Protecting hydrothermal corridors could safeguard entire lifecycles, not just charismatic adults spotted during occasional surveys. It also sharpens questions about how climate‑driven shifts in ocean circulation might influence vent activity, temperature fields, and embryo survival. With methodical mapping, time‑series cameras, and environmental DNA, scientists can track whether nurseries remain stable or drift with geologic rhythms. Key implications include: Enhanced understanding of deep‑sea reproduction at hydrothermal sites. New conservation targets centered on geothermal nurseries. Comparative studies with other volcanic regions, from the Galápagos to rift zones. Biotechnological insights from organisms adapted to long, cold development. Better models of how seafloor heat shapes regional biodiversity. Methods behind the revelation Remotely operated vehicles threaded through chimney fields, gathering video, temperatures, and mineral signatures. High‑definition imagery captured the distinctive, horned egg cases, their edges dusted with fine volcanic silt. Geochemical profiles mapped how heat and chemicals disperse, outlining the “thermal lanes” where eggs most cluster. Combined, these datasets reveal a nursery organized by geothermal topography, with egg‑cases concentrated in pockets of gentle, sustained warmth. A fragile boon in a changing ocean Deep‑sea environments feel remote, yet they intersect with global pressures: mining proposals, cable routes, and shifting oxygen levels. The nursery’s resilience hinges on stable heat flow, intact substrates, and minimal disturbance from noise or sediment. Safeguarding such places is not just about protecting novelty; it preserves a slow, ancient strategy that lets large, long‑lived animals endure in the coldest reaches of the Pacific. Where geology and biology meet, the planet’s deep time still writes living stories. This volcano‑warmed nursery adds a vital chapter to that story, revealing how subtle thermal gifts can tip the scales toward life in the abyss. With each dive, researchers trace the contours of an unseen world, where fire feeds water, and water—against all odds—feeds the future.
Nick Weston: While our troops die, Moscow gets a Capitol tour
Capitol meeting with Russia raises questions as Americans face danger
‘Practice-changing’ interventional cardiology research grabs ACC.26 spotlight
The second day of the American College of Cardiology’s annual conference started with a series of highly anticipated interventional cardiology trials.
Georgia State Senate candidate to resume campaigning after life-threatening health event
Georgia Senate candidate Lanny Thomas shared an update on his condition and plans to continue campaigning on Sunday.
Texas Continues To Face Shortage Of Mental Health Professionals As Demand Rises
Texas faces a mental health workforce shortage in 2026, with 393 HPSAs affecting 13.4 million residents and only 32% of needs met.
How Are Health Systems Assessing ROI for AI Tools?
Michael Meucci, CEO of health data platform Arcadia, thinks health systems are changing their thinking about ROI when it comes to AI projects. As providers face tighter budgets, he said they’re broadening how they measure AI’s ROI, including benefits like reducing clinician burnout.
What's next for Purdue? Longtime anomaly of continuity faces roster turnover, rebuild after loss to Arizona
Purdue has been a model of consistency in an era of college basketball where teams annually turn over entire rosters. Can they sustain success after an exodus of experienced talent?
Bearman Escapes Major Injury After 50-g Crash
Haas F1 driver walks away from high-speed impact at Japan GP as closing-speed concerns resurface under new rules.
Hingham Schools Eye Business Curriculum Expansion as Class Size Concerns Mount
HINGHAM - March 23, 2026 - The Hingham School Committee moved to modernize its high school offerings Monday night, reviewing a comprehensive plan to expand the “small but mighty” Business Department while simultaneously grappling with data that places Hingham as an outlier in elementary class sizes. Director of Social Studies Andy Hoey presented a two-year program review that highlighted the department’s success in community partnerships but warned that high student demand is testing current staffing limits. Meanwhile, committee Chair Jen Benham presented independent research showing Hingham is the only benchmark district with second-grade classes hitting a 25-student cap, sparking a directive for the Policy Subcommittee to review class-size standards. Editors note: South Shore News is going paid in April, subscribe now to make sure you don’t miss a story. Reach out for group or organizational pricing. Subscribe The Full Story The meeting opened with a look into the future of Hingham High School’s (HHS) curriculum. Andy Hoey, who oversees the Business Department, presented the first formal program review for the department since 2009. [15:09] Hoey characterized the department as a vital elective hub that currently serves between 14% and 27% of the HHS student body in any given year. [31:31] “We are very proud of our business department here at Hingham High School... while we’re very proud of it, we are always striving to make improvements and enhancements.” [15:55] — Andy Hoey, Director of Social Studies A key highlight of the presentation was the announcement of a new AP Business with Personal Finance course launching next year, pending enrollment. [20:08] The review team found that while the program is “well-aligned” to national standards, it remains a high-school-only offering. Hoey outlined an action plan to explore “vertical articulation,” potentially introducing business or financial literacy units at the middle school level to fill a “gap” identified between fifth and eighth grade. [41:48] However, the department faces “smoke and mirrors” regarding student GPA, according to Hoey. Currently, most business courses are “unleveled” and do not count toward a student’s GPA, which survey data suggests may deter some students from enrolling. [28:15] The committee discussed the possibility of offering Honors or College Prep (CP) credit for advanced courses, such as investing or marketing, to better reflect their academic rigor. [38:27] The discussion took a sharp turn toward elementary education during an enrollment update. Superintendent Dr. Katie Roberts noted a net gain of four students mid-year, but it was Jen Benham’s “rabbit hole” data analysis that caught the committee’s attention. [50:35] Benham researched 13 benchmark towns—representing 34 elementary schools—and found that Hingham was the only district with a second-grade section reaching 25 students this year. [51:36] Benham’s findings suggested that while many districts lack formal class-size policies, Hingham’s current cap of 25 for second grade may be too high. “I think if we could at least have 23 at a cap for grade two,” Benham suggested, noting the importance of that grade level for literacy development. [53:09], [54:55] Dr. Roberts cautioned that smaller classes require more staff, which is a significant hurdle following a budget season where nine general education positions were cut across the district. [55:56] The committee also finalized the 2025 Town Report, which was updated to be more “student-centered” and highlight staff early in the document. [11:12] Additionally, a series of food service policies were approved to align with Massachusetts’ universal free school meal mandate, including new protocols for meal modifications due to allergies or religious needs. [59:23] Share Why It Matters The meeting underscored a tension between Hingham’s desire to offer elite, specialized programming and the foundational pressure of class sizes. The expansion of the Business Department—including potential Microsoft certifications and AP courses—aims to prepare students for a “real world” where credit scores and financial literacy are paramount. [46:20] However, the revelation that Hingham’s second-grade classes are larger than those in all neighboring benchmark towns suggests a potential strain on early education that could impact long-term student performance if not addressed by the Policy Subcommittee. Official Minutes & Data Key Motions & Votes Motion: To approve the Hingham Public Schools 2025 Town Report. [13:16] Vote: Unanimous (7-0) ([01:13:28]) Motion: To approve the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) for summer counselor work regarding course placement. [57:33] Vote: Unanimous (7-0) ([57:50]) Motion: To approve Policy EFBA (School Food and Nutrition/Meal Modifications). [01:00:32] Vote: Unanimous (7-0) ([01:00:44]) Motion: To approve Policy EFC (Universal Free School Meals). [01:00:54] Vote: Unanimous (7-0) ([01:01:07]) Public Comment No members of the public spoke during the meeting or via the remote link. [01:02:30] What’s Next The Policy Subcommittee will take up the review of elementary class-size caps over the next year to determine if the Grade 2 limit should be lowered from 25 to 23. [52:18] The Business Department will monitor enrollment for the new AP Business course and continue exploring dual-enrollment partnerships with Quincy College. [38:13] Source Video: Harbor Media South Shore News is a reader-supported publication. 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Industry roundtable focuses on small business
Local business representatives speak on challenges they face
Bad private credit headlines aren't stopping the push into your 401k
Even as private credit faces redemptions and scrutiny, policymakers are moving closer to bringing it into Americans' retirement accounts.
Like ‘driving to San Francisco and back, every week’: In rural America, cancer patients face tall hurdles to get care
As cancer care becomes both more advanced and more specialized, options in rural areas have shrunk.
Real Madrid fear major injury risk for Vinicius Junior
Real Madrid face a crucial set of matches in the coming weeks, but there are fears they could be without Vinicius Junior for them. The 25-year-old has been in excellent form in 2026, although he could...
Where to watch UConn vs. Notre Dame in March Madness Elite Eight: Time, TV Channel
The No. 1 UConn Huskies face the No. 6 Notre Dame Fighting Irish in the Elite Eight of the women's NCAA Tournament. Here's how to see all the action.
Market Square momentum builds as crews work to push project over goal line before NFL Draft
In the middle of 2010, the owners of Costanzo’s restaurant — then a mainstay in Downtown Pittsburgh — faced a choice: pay their electric...
France XI vs Colombia – Predicted lineup and team news
France and Colombia face off in a friendly at Northwest Stadium on Sunday, with both sides treating the match as valuable preparation for the upcoming World Cup.France come into this game after a 2-1 ...
Minnesota health care bill faces fraud concerns | Letter to the Editor
A Minnesota resident urges state legislators to support HF3476 for patient-centered care or propose alternatives.
Pokémon Champions First Details About Price Reportedly Surface
What to expect from this "free-to-start" experience
Lebanon faces moment of truth as decision to expel Iranian envoy looms
Western countries watching closely for proof that Beirut can escape Tehran's orbit
Rutgers women’s lacrosse handles business against USC for second straight win
The Rutgers women’s lacrosse team defeated USC 15-8 for its second consecutive Big Ten win. The Scarlet Knights (7-4, 2-1) rode the momentum of a dominant 7-0 stretch in the first half and fended off multiple comeback attempts by the Trojans (6-7, 0-5) to secure the road victory.
Scientists just found a way to store massive data using light in 3 dimensions
A new holographic storage technique uses light in three dimensions to dramatically increase how much data can be stored. It encodes information throughout a material using amplitude, phase, and polarization, rather than just on a surface. An AI model then reconstructs the data from light patterns, simplifying the process. This could pave the way for faster, denser, and more efficient data storage systems.
Scientists detect magnetic waves deep within the sun, helping predict solar activity
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi have discovered new large-scale waves moving deep inside the sun, driven by magnetic fields far below the surface. These waves provide a window into parts of the sun that ...
USMNT vs. Belgium score: Live updates as Christian Pulisic, Kevin de Bruyne face off in pre-World Cup match
Saturday's friendly against Belgium is the second-to-last match before USMNT head coach Mauricio Pochettino names his World Cup roster
Luka Dončić facing one-game suspension after getting 16th tech
In the Lakers' 116-99 win over the Nets on Friday, Luka Dončić picked up his 16th tech this season. He now faces a potential one-game suspension in Los Angeles' next game.
Spalletti wants 6️⃣ signings, Fullkrug, Lang and Koné latest 🔥
Italy is preparing to face Bosnia to book — after 12 years — a place at the USA-Canada-Mexico World Cup.Watch every Serie BKT match live on OneFootball for just €9.99 a month. Click here to buy ...
What we know about the new 'cicada' COVID-19 variant
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Borderlands 4 Faces Backlash Over $30 DLC That You Can Finish in Two Hours
Borderlands 4 DLC faces criticism as players claim the $30 expansion lasts barely two hours, questioning its price and content
UFC Seattle Start Time, Full Fight Card Details
Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) is back in Seattle, Washington later TONIGHT (Sat., March 28, 2026) to stage UFC Seattle from inside Climate Pledge Arena in Seattle, Washington. The event — which streams live on Paramount+ — will be headlined by a Middleweight fight that will see former division king, Israel Adesanya, face rising contender Joe […]
A dubious award, a redistricting debate, a (sort of) Parrott return, in political notes
A new face in the governor's communications shop, an old face returns -- briefly -- to the limelight in Washington County, a whole lot of debate on a bill that's all but dead ... and when Del. Vaughn Stewart hands you something, be very, very careful, in political notes.
'The state is not business-friendly': Curley rips proposed vacancy tax amid 30% empty Seattle buildings
Curley challenges the proposed vacancy tax as Seattle faces high building vacancies and job losses.
Science funding loosens but uncertainty remains at NKU
NKU researchers face uncertainty after federal cuts to NIH, NSF and NASA funding disrupt grants, labs and student research opportunities.
Can This Russian Bakery Survive a 3,500% Tax Increase?
The challenges faced by a small-business owner near Moscow highlight how Russia’s war-drained economy is on the doorstep of a major crisis.
New Funding Models Needed As Global Health Faces Growing Financial Strain
Global health is facing a funding crisis. Aid is shrinking, debt is rising, and the needs are only increasing. According to Christoph Benn of the Joep Lange
Kim Kardashian's New Energy Drink Promises No Jitters. Does It Live Up to the Hype?
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Parents can take steps to reduce children's risk of injury while playing sports
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Can a new heart health metric identify fracture risk in postmenopausal women? Study finds link
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NASA Selects Intuitive Machines to Deliver Artemis Science, Tech to Moon
NASA has awarded Intuitive Machines of Houston, $180.4 million to deliver NASA-funded science and technology to the lunar surface as part of the agency’s CLPS
Parkinson's Link to Gut Bacteria Hints at Unexpectedly Simple Treatment
Inching closer to the full picture.
Treasury plans to put Trump's signature on all new U.S. paper currency in break with tradition
The plans come in tandem with an ongoing effort to get Trump’s face on a coin, which has also drawn criticism since federal law prohibits the depiction of a living president on U.S. currency.
Business Lookahead: Gauging the war's impact
STORY: From a worrying drop in stocks to a surge in energy prices from the war in the Middle East to key data on jobs and trade, these are the stories to watch in business and finance in the coming week. ::Look Ahead::War impactThe first quarter is ending with financial markets at the mercy of geopolitics.The Iran war has wiped roughly $7 trillion off global stocks since it erupted.With oil prices up nearly 70% year to date, suddenly interest rates are heading up, rather than down, and energy-hungry AI does not look like such a slam-dunk anymore.Meanwhile, gold has plunged 16% after being nearly unstoppable since the start of 2025.We’ll see whether markets roll on or rollover as the second quarter begins.::Job growth in focusThe U.S. jobs report for March comes out Friday.It will offer a crucial view into the economy's health as investors gauge fallout from the energy price surge.Monthly payrolls are seen rising by 48,000, according to a Reuters poll. February's surprisingly weak report caught Wall Street off guard, showing nonfarm payrolls fell by 92,000 while the unemployment rate increased to 4.4%.Uncertainty over the Iran war is also clouding the economic forecasts for the Federal Reserve, with Wall Street pulling back on expectations for U.S. interest rate cuts this year as the oil price surge fuels concerns about rising inflation.Other U.S. data in the coming week includes retail sales for February and reports on manufacturing and services activity.::Chip checkSouth Korea releases its trade data for March on Wednesday.It will provide an early indicator of how the global economy is holding up in the face of the war and the resulting shock to energy prices. Korea's export-heavy economy is a bellwether for global trade and one of the first to report data from the previous month.Its manufacturing fortunes are of even greater interest than usual, not just because of its dependence on Middle Eastern energy imports, but also because its world-leading DRAM chips are of critical importance to the AI sector and currently in short supply too. ::Inflation assessmentAnd flash euro zone inflation for March is due on Tuesday. After long hovering around the 2% mark, higher energy prices are now expected to push headline inflation up, as they did in 2022. The question is, how large and sustained any jump in inflation might be.Early data is not painting a pretty picture. Private sector growth in the euro zone slowed sharply in March, with input costs rising to their highest in more than three years and supply chains being significantly disrupted.Money markets are now heavily pricing in a rate hike which was almost unthinkable before the Iran war.
Sony to hike PS5 prices by $100 as AI and Iran war push up memory chip costs
Updated prices of PlayStation 5 consoles to go into effect on 2 April as electronics makers face rising cost pressures
TSA worker pay faces uncertainty as House stalls funding proposal
House Republicans are pushing back on a Senate-approved proposal to fund the Department of Homeland Security and get TSA workers paid.
NASA Names Scientists to Support Lunar South Pole Science
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New dean of the College of Health Sciences announced
UK Provost Robert DiPaola has named Phillip Gribble dean of the College of Health Sciences, pending Board of Trustees approval.
Eagles face early-round pressure to address two glaring needs
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Why Do Humans Look So Different From Each Other? Because Our Faces Evolved To Be Unique
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Scientists testing new scanning technology discover mysterious structure beneath an ancient Egyptian city
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Brian Cox says physics faces ‘unquantifiable’ threat under punishing funding cuts
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Free travel, occasional seats to MSU sports a perk for unpaid trustees
MSU trustees, though unpaid, receive access to sporting events with university-funded travel. Records show thousands spent on travel for attending athletics.
Lakers return home from successful trip to face spiraling Nets
Lakers return home from successful trip to face spiraling Nets
Business owner faces April 24 move-out as I-26 Connector project advances
After receiving federal approval, the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) will move forward with its newest plans for the I-26 Connector project
FedEx and UPS face lawsuits from customers over tariff brokerage fees
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Trump Justice Department’s probe of the 2020 election gets first public test in court
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Where to watch LSU vs. Duke in March Madness Sweet 16: Time, TV Channel
The No. 2 LSU Lady Tigers face the No. 3 Duke Blue Devils in the Sweet 16 of the women's NCAA Tournament. Here's how to see all the action.
Where to watch UCLA vs. Minnesota in March Madness Sweet 16: Time, TV Channel
The No. 1 UCLA Bruins face the No. 4 Minnesota Golden Gophers in the Sweet 16 of the women's NCAA Tournament. Here's how to see all the action.
See United's new Polaris business class with doors and a 'Studio'
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Long Island Science Center faces renewed eminent domain threat from Riverhead
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Now in power, Nepal’s rapper-politician Balen Shah faces new challenge
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AAP faces pressure over trans youth care, guiding docs to keep parents in the dark about child's sexual health
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MLB Opening Day scores, live updates: Mariners face Guardians after Dodgers win, Paul Skenes falters vs. Mets
2026 World Cup playoffs live updates, scores: New Caledonia faces Jamaica as DR Congo awaits winner
Transcript: How Democrats Can Defeat Trump’s Identity Politics
Author Justin Gest says that economic policy alone won’t defeat the far-right in the United States and Europe.
How Democrats Can Defeat Trump’s Identity Politics
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House Ethics panel declines delay for Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick's Ethics trial
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MLB Opening Day scores, live updates: Paul Skenes falters in loss to Mets; Tarik Skubal faces Padres
Post-Gazette wins four national business journalism awards
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LGBT People Experience Widespread Concerns and Challenges When it Comes to Health Care Affordability
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Is a computer science degree still relevant? ASU enrollment trends suggest a shift
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Security sources: 'Toppling a regime is an art, not a science'
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Jiang Shengnan is the most vocal woman in Chinese politics
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Lukaku faces consequences after infuriating Napoli and Conte
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Out-of-state tuition hike approved for two UF business master’s programs
Service of the University of Florida Community since 1901
Harmonic Delivers Winning Live Sports Streaming Innovations
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Is Big Tech Facing a Big Tobacco Moment?
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Former Powhatan sports academy owner found guilty of 12 child sex crimes
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Trunk show: Elephants roam the human imagination in EcoTarium exhibit
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Pullman Danang Beach Resort Responds to Rising Bleisure Travel with Expanded Business and Leisure Facilities
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Trump’s Threats to Europe Put Its Leaders in a Double Bind Over Iran
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Vice Provost for AI Jeffrey Bardzell resigns before data and information science school launch
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Quantum science outreach program sees Golden State expansion
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Postal Service to implement first-ever fuel surcharge amid mounting fuel costs, financial challenges
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Precigen Reports Full Year 2025 Financial Results and Business Updates
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Providing quality, access to health care in rural Indonesia | Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
Leni Siagian, MPH ’26, wants to ensure care for those who face challenges getting it.
Meta and Google damaged girl’s mental health, landmark trial concludes
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Emily Gregory is Donald Trump's new state representative and a new hope for Democrats in Florida
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READY, SET, IMPLEMENT! Lifelines in Crisis: Prioritizing Women’s, Children’s, and Adolescents’ Health in Humanitarian, Conflict and Climate-affected Settings
This dialogue is part of PMNCH’s Ready, Set, Influence series, bringing together policymakers, humanitarian leaders, donors, and grassroots experts. The webinar will focus on accelerating the implementation of health commitments within humanitarian affairs, specifically focusing on the need for integrated, rights-based health services that remain resilient in the face of conflict, disaster and climate events.
Glyphosate: A story of science, risk, and nuance
In the summer of 2014, a California groundskeeper named Dewayne Johnson started noticing patches of raw, weeping skin spreading across his body. He had spent years applying Roundup, Monsanto’s glyphosate-based herbicide, for a school district, sometimes drenched in it when equipment malfunctioned. By 2014, he had a diagnosis: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In 2018, a jury awarded him $289 million in damages, later reduced on appeal. Tens of thousands of lawsuits followed. The story hasn’t quieted down. It’s all over the internet, swinging between “this will kill you, buy organic” and “relax, you’re fear-mongering.” Some of that recent chatter stems from an Executive Order protecting glyphosate and its production, which set off intense infighting within the MAHA movement. Some of it reflects a deeper truth: Americans genuinely care about harmful chemicals in their environment (see poll below). And the conversation isn’t going anywhere, with a Supreme Court case involving Monsanto set for this April. Glyphosate (the active ingredient in Roundup) is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. But does glyphosate cause cancer? And how much exposure is actually risky? With so much mistrust in institutions and corporations (and some genuine conflicts of interest), making sense of the actual scientific evidence is genuinely hard. Here is a translation of what the scientific evidence actually says. Does glyphosate cause harm? Glyphosate is an herbicide that kills most plants it contacts rather than targeting specific species. It works by blocking an enzyme pathway (EPSPS) that plants and many microorganisms need to produce essential amino acids. Without those amino acids, the plant can’t grow and dies. Glyphosate was first developed by Monsanto in the 1970s and became ubiquitous after the company introduced “Roundup Ready” crops in the 1990s. In 2024, Bayer removed glyphosate from residential Roundup-branded products due to litigation pressure. But today it is still the most widely used herbicide in the world. Farmers also discovered they could spray it directly on crops like oats, lentils, beans, and peas just before harvest to dry them out faster and make harvesting easier. Because of its widespread use, it’s obviously really important to understand if it’s harmful to humans. The key principle: The dose makes the poison The most important concept in toxicology is that “the dose makes the poison.” Sixteenth-century physician Paracelsus articulated what remains the foundational principle of toxicology: sola dosis facit venenum. Water will kill you if you drink enough of it. Aspirin saves lives at 81 milligrams and causes internal bleeding at higher chronic doses. So, at what dose is glyphosate poisonous? The LD50 in rats (the dose that kills half the test animals) is around 5,600 mg/kg body weight. Table salt is roughly 3,000 mg/kg. By that classic measure, glyphosate is less acutely toxic than salt. But some people are exposed to a lot of glyphosate through their work. And among the general public, there are many questions about low-dose, cumulative exposure from multiple sources over long periods. Does glyphosate cause health problems? Cancer Correlation maps are striking, with one analysis finding that 60% of counties that spray the most glyphosate have non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma rates above the national average. But correlation alone doesn’t establish cause, which is why animal and human studies matter. In animals: Rat studies are typically what most fear is rooted in, but most people don’t know the study details on the dosage given to rats. A pooled analysis of the 13 most rigorous rat studies found evidence that very high doses, around 55,000 times greater than typical food residue exposure, can cause certain cancers. In humans: One of the strongest studies followed 55,000 herbicide users over 20 years and found no overall increased cancer risk. There was one signal: among those with the highest use, rates of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) appeared elevated. A broader meta-analysis of 18 human studies also found no overall cancer risk, though a separate meta-analysis focused specifically on non-Hodgkin lymphoma found that people with high cumulative glyphosate exposure faced a 41% higher relative risk compared to those with low or no exposure. These human studies are observational studies (randomized controlled trials would be unethical), and meta-analyses are only as reliable as the studies they pool. But the story seems consistent: at very high exposure levels, there may be some cancer risk. But that’s about as far as the science currently takes us. Emerging research: gut and reproductive health Gut: Because glyphosate targets a pathway that exists in some gut bacteria, scientists have questioned whether it could affect the microbiome. In mice, a 2023 University of Iowa study found that glyphosate altered gut bacterial composition and raised markers of intestinal inflammation. A 2024 systematic review found similar patterns: disrupted gut bacteria and problems with the mucus layer that protects the intestinal wall in mice. Whether this translates to humans is an open question. The human gut is highly variable and resistant, and we don't yet have strong studies confirming the same effects in people. Reproductive health: Animal studies have found that glyphosate-based herbicides can interfere with reproductive hormones, including disrupting egg cell development in mice and reducing the number of eggs available in sheep’s ovaries. However, the doses used in these experiments were high, so it’s not yet clear whether the same effects would occur in humans. On the human side, a 2021 pilot study led by Mount Sinai researchers tested urine samples from pregnant women across the U.S. and found glyphosate in 95% of them. The study also found a possible connection between higher glyphosate exposure during pregnancy and a subtle physical difference measured in female newborns. That said, some connections weren’t statistically reliable and this was a small study. The researchers themselves said more and larger studies are needed before drawing firm conclusions. What do regulators say about glyphosate safety? In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), part of the World Health Organization, classified glyphosate as "probably carcinogenic to humans" (Group 2A). The classification is worth taking seriously. But, there’s an important distinction: IARC classifies hazard, meaning the potential to cause harm under some conditions. It does not assess risk, which accounts for actual exposure levels and the real-world probability of harm. The U.S. EPA, the European Food Safety Authority, Health Canada, and regulatory agencies in Australia and Japan have all concluded that glyphosate is “unlikely to be carcinogenic to humans” at realistic exposure levels. They’re asking a different question: given how much of this people actually encounter, what is the probability of harm? Your actual exposure is what determines your actual risk. What does glyphosate mean for your daily life? At the grocery store: Food residues are small. The EPA’s acceptable daily intake is 1.75 mg/kg of body weight per day. To hit that threshold from oatmeal alone, a 150-pound adult would need to eat roughly 50 pounds of oats every day. But this calculation addresses only one pathway (food), and we don’t yet have robust tools to measure people’s actual total exposure. If reducing exposure matters to you, organic certification prohibits synthetic herbicides, and organic oat products generally test at lower or undetectable levels. Either way, a diet rich in whole grains, conventional or organic, is far better for your health than one that omits them out of fear of residues. On the farm: Occupational exposure is orders of magnitude higher than consumer exposure. Farmers and farm workers who mix, load, and apply glyphosate-based herbicides, especially without protective equipment, face meaningfully different risk profiles. Proper PPE isn’t optional. Integrated weed management strategies that rotate chemical modes of action are also worth taking seriously, both for health and for long-term effectiveness. If you live near a farm: Spray drift is real. Concentrations near field edges can spike during and after application, particularly on windy days. This is an area where I think public health could really step up and empower rural communities with buffer zones, rather than placing the onus on individuals. But for now, knowing your local agricultural calendar and keeping windows closed during application are the first steps. Bottom line Dewayne Johnson was exposed to glyphosate at levels most people will never encounter, and a jury decided he deserved compensation. That outcome is not evidence that the oatmeal in your pantry is dangerous. But it is a reminder that the dose, the context, and the person doing the exposing all matter enormously. Glyphosate is a chemical tool with benefits, trade-offs, and genuine open scientific questions. Learning to hold that complexity without collapsing into panic or dismissal is, honestly, one of the most useful and hardest things to do in navigating modern health science. Love, YLE Your Local Epidemiologist (YLE) is founded and operated by Dr. Katelyn Jetelina, MPH PhD—an epidemiologist, wife, and mom of two little girls. Hannah Totte, MPH, is an epidemiologist and YLE Community Manager. YLE reaches more than 425,000 people in over 132 countries with one goal: “Translate” the ever-evolving public health science so that people will be well-equipped to make evidence-based decisions. This newsletter is free to everyone, thanks to the generous support of fellow YLE community members. To support the effort, subscribe or upgrade below: Subscribe
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