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Trump visits Memphis to tout crime-fighting efforts as Iran war lingers
His talk on crime and immigration marks a return to an issue that he hopes will resonate with voters.
Trump whistleblower Alex Vindman: ‘Sitting on the sidelines was not an option’
Democratic Senate hopeful says experience of being key witness in Trump’s first impeachment makes him right choice for Florida
Mum on his own replacement, Bennet disrespects voters
U.S. Sen. Michael Bennet is playing an arrogant game of hide-and-seek with Colorado voters as he seeks to abandon his Senate seat to become governor. Bennet insists that if he is elected governor in November, he will wait until he is inaugurated in January 2027 before he resigns from the Senate so he can unilaterally […]
NCAA women's tournament takeaways, Day 3: Minnesota drains buzzer-beater as LSU, Texas dominate again
St. Louis Blues Weekly Prospect Report (March 22)
Jiricek has big scoring week; McIsaac announces future plans; Ralph, Michigan State head to NCAA Tournament with Mayich, Clarkson University eliminated; Peterson scored pair, including a SH beauty for Springfield
Power Play Primed – Hurricanes 5, Penguins 1
The Carolina Hurricanes scored three power play goals and dominated the Pittsburgh Penguins, 5-1 on Sunday afternoon in the Steel City. The Canes controlled the puck most of the game and were holding the Pens to a paltry 12 shots on goal until the Pens finally found some offense with five minutes and change to […]
Costco Expands Member Offerings With Fertility Care And In Store Events
Costco Wholesale has partnered with Sesame and IVI RMA North America to offer U.S. members access to advanced fertility care with exclusive pricing and coordinated services. The retailer is also rolling out a national outdoor cooking roadshow in warehouses, featuring multiple brands and on site experiences for members. These moves extend Costco’s reach further into healthcare services and experiential retail beyond its traditional bulk merchandise model. For investors tracking...
These Michigan U.S. Senate candidates took money from ICE contractors
Anti-ICE messaging is expected to be featured prominently in Michigan's hotly contested U.S. Senate Democratic primary.
Samsung reverses big S Pen change for Galaxy S27 Ultra after bold experiment fails
Samsung has backed away from one of its more ambitious S Pen experiments for next year’s Galaxy S27 Ultra, choosing to stick with its long-standing digitizer-based input system after testing a radically thinner alternative. According to ETNews, Samsung had been exploring a new pen technology that could eliminate the digitizer layer inside the display. The […]
Statue of Christopher Columbus installed on White House grounds
A statue of Christopher Columbus has been erected outside of an ornate federal office building on the White House grounds — the latest sign of the Trump administration’s efforts to reshape cultural and historical representations across the nation’s capital.
Business closed after new Ohio law banning intoxicating hemp products went into effect
Senate Bill 56 grants law enforcement the authority to remove intoxicating THC products from unlicensed retail locations,
Your Thymus and Your Healthspan
Our thymus gland plays a central role in the development or our immune system, specifically for supporting T cell development (how these cells got their name, maturation and differentiation in the thymus) and discriminating between self and foreign, non-self antigen proteins with production of dendritic cells. As we age, our thymus gland shrinks—the process known as involution—with progressive change from spongy to fatty tissue, with loss of functionality. But this process, with respect to timeline and extent, markedly varies from one person to the next. And to make things even more complicated, our thymus gland anatomy and precise location in the chest also is highly variable. So the famous Frank Netter diagrams from the 1960s (such as at left below) don’t capture the remarkable heterogeneity that a random set of 12 chest CT scans (below at right). What I consider as 2 landmark papers in Nature this week (here and here) used AI to quantify health of the thymus in 2 large cohorts, and then correlate the metric to a broad array of health outcomes. In this edition of Ground Truths, I’m going to cover three questions: (1) How was thymus health determined by AI?; (2) How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? and (3) Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? Subscribe 1. How was thymus health determined by AI? This was accomplished by extensive work developing and validating an AI pipeline for 2 stages, the first for localization and segmentation of the thymus bed, and the second to quantify a digital marker, termed the thymic health score. There’s a lot to this algorithmic development, so I won’t go into all the details, but just provide a rudimentary outline of what was done. The 1st stage used supervised learning with 2 radiologists reviewing 2,461 chest CT scans. That work trained a 3D U-Net model to automatically identify the thymic bed’s 3D cropped region using center of mass coordinates, which reached 99.8% accuracy. The 2nd stage used a foundation model that was pre-trained with SwAV (which stands for Swapping Assignment between multiple Views), a self-supervised model, that generated a high-dimensional thymus representation of 4,096 features. That compares to the radiology reductionist and subjective scoring of 0 to 3 where 0 means the thymus is fully degenerated and fatty, and 3 is considered dense, intact glandular soft tissue. Notably, the self-supervised learning (SSL) performance was superior to supervised (AUC ~0.75 vs 0.55, respectively) reflecting the shallowness of the 0-3 classifier vs SSL’s holistic, self-taught AI. The thymic health score ranged from 0 to 100, with the highest number indexed to fully preserved thymic health. The algorithmic work extended to explainability with both Shapely value distribution, meaning the model was holistic not relying on any “magic” pixel, and occlusion sensitivity, demonstrating the model’s performance was not affected by ribs, sternum, lung tissue, but rather focused on the thymic bed directly. Below are a few saliency maps from the occlusion sensitivity that indicate the thymic bed focus, not affected by neighboring structures, using the jet color scale. Now the AI was ready for processing ~25,000 CT scans, each over 30 MB files, from the 2 large participant cohorts to provide a thymic health score, it did so in less than 14 hours, which is less than 2 seconds per scan! Share 2. How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? The two cohorts were the National Lung Screening Trial, NLST (N=25,031) and the Framingham Heart Study, FHS (N=2,581) each with baseline demographics and long term follow up of >12 years for health outcomes. From the NSLT, you can see below that increased age and body-mass index were correlated to reduced thymic health. And, overall, men had reduced thymic health scores compared with women. There are a lot of graphs in the paper for outcomes, for both the NLST and FHS cohorts. To simplify the major outcomes, below is a composite Figure with striking reduction of all-cause mortality and for the different causes of death. The results were consistent between the 2 cohorts. For example, the cardiovascular mortality hazard ratio average was 0.57 in NLST and 0.38 in FHS (weighted to be 0.53 for the aggregate). The reduction of mortality also extended to digestive diseases and pulmonary disease (data not shown below). Lung cancer incidence was reduced by 36% for high vs low thymic health (Figure below, with a panel -incidence and b panel-mortality, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status). Notably, there was a smoker’s paradox: lower incidence and improved survival for lung cancer in smokers who had a high thymus health score. Smoking was associated with lower thymic scores whereas alcohol was not. Higher thymic health was linked to higher HDL cholesterol, lower triglycerides, lower fasting blood glucose, and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Inflammation biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, were elevated in the people with lower thymic health scores. In their second paper, the same team looked at the relationship between thymic score and outcomes for 3,476 patients receiving cancer immunotherapy. The non-small cell lung cancer progression-free survival was reduced in patients with low thymic health score. A parallel relationship for survival was seen for other types of cancer including melanoma, breast, and kidney with a 44% lower risk among high thymic scores (Figure). A similar pattern was seen with different immune checkpoint inhibitors. The thymus health score outperformed programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)and tumor mutation burden (TMB) assay of the tumor and was an independent prognostic marker of progression-free survival. In this dataset, a direct connect with thymus score and adaptive immune function was noted with a correlation before cancer treatment for both T-cell diversity and thymus T-cell production (a metric known as T cell receptor excision circles). Thymus Removal Study There is a highly relevant citation about thymus function before moving onto ways to rejuvenate it. In 2023, a very important study of thymus removal during cardiothoracic surgery was published, with 1146 patients undergoing thymus removal vs 1146 matched controls (mean age 55 years). The adverse outcomes for thymus removal were striking, with a 2.9 higher risk of all-cause mortality and doubling of cancer incidence, 1.5 fold increase in cancer mortality, and 1.5-fold increase in autoimmune diseases. The immune function showed marked compromise after thymus removal, as reflected by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Figure below) Share Ground Truths 3. Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? In recent months we’ve learned a lot about the process of thymus involution and the pathways by which this may be modulated. Thymus involution is primarily due to loss to thymus epithelial cells (TECs) and there are 2 subtypes with different functions: the cortical, responsible for positive selection of T cells, and the medullary, for negative selection. When adipose tissue infiltrates the thymus, thymic adipocytes are pro-inflammatory, knocking out T-cell output. Likewise, systemic inflammation, or “inflammaging,” from smoking, obesity, and chronic stress promote thymic adipocytes. Now, from preclinical studies, we know about key pathways that account for these processes. Historically, back in 2014, FOXN1 was recognized as a single master transcription factor essential for TEC function, with studies in mice with forced FOXN1 upregulation leading to thymus regeneration. That laid the foundation for potential regrowth of quiescent thymus cells. It took awhile to find pathways to accomplish this goal and to even refute its role as the master regulator. The Liver-Thymus Axis Feng Zhang and his team recently showed that injection of an mRNA vaccine to the liver encoding DLL1, IL-7 and FLT3-L in combination, factors known to support thymopoiesis (Figure), successfully enhanced immune function in aged mice. However, the effect was transient. The FGF21 Story Two reports in 2025 addressed the thymus gland’s production of FGF21, a growth factor (fibroblast growth factor 21) and its control of thymus involution. This growth factor is also produced by the liver, but it doesn’t have impact on the thymus in aged rodent models. In contrast, The liver’s hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to reverse senescent TEC structural changes. Growth hormone stimulates production of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the liver and the thymus. Two small studies in human participants (TRIIM, for Thymus Regeneration, Immunorestoration, and Insulin Mitigation) of 6 and 50 people, respectively, treated with combined human growth hormone, metformin and DHEA, suggested the potential of slowing epigenetic aging and improving thymus mass and function. But the combination of drugs, small sample, and lack of controls make conclusions murky. Increased thymus FGF21 led to increased CD8 T cells in old mice and extended healthspan and improved physical performance. Building on the previous FOXN1 data, ablation of β-klotho, the obligatory co-receptor for FOXN1, accelerated thymic aging. The benefit to FGF21 was confirmed in a companion paper using an FGF21 knock-in mouse model showing thymus enlargement and increased TECs throughout the lifespan. (schematic Figure below). The accompanying editorial for these 2 papers speculated: “The proposed link between age-associated thymus involution and organismal aging is intriguing, and suggests we might seek to achieve systemic rejuvenation by counteracting thymic involution.” Other Factors Lessons from the Axolotl (Mexican Salamander) In an elegant set of experiments of the axolotl (Figure), known for its complete thymus regeneration after total surgical removal, mediators were identified. Surprisingly FOXN1 was dispensable. But midkine, a growth factor, appeared to be the driver, the initiator of thymus cell growth, survival, and repair. Other components that contributed were Postn+ (periostin-expressing mesenchymal niches) and Ccl19, a chemokine protein from the bloodstream. RANK and RANKL RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB its ligand (RANKL) have been considered key regulators of medullary TECs. In a study of both aged mice and human thymus cell cultures, their key role was confirmed, with multiple benefits of resorting TEC function, recruitment of progenitor cells, and T cell development. Subscribe Summing Up This body of work strongly supports the health of the thymus gland as a critical regulator of human healthspan, not just a correlate or link. The new landmark studies are reinforced by the regenerative biology experimental models that have shown, via an array of mediators, that healthspan of aged mice is at least in part dependent on thymus gland function and its critical role for maintaining adaptive immunity. It sure seems that we’d be better off having an immune reservoir of naive T cells instead of a profile in older adults of exhausted, low quality, memory T cells, with a senescent phenotype. It is striking that we ignored the importance of the thymus gland for many decades. A wake-up call was the results of the thymectomy matched control study reviewed here, with the opposite of high thymic health score improved health outcomes. The convergence of AI and healthspan here is notable. The exceptional and laborious work for developing and validating (no less explaining) the AI to quantify thymus health set the foundation for probing the connect the major health outcomes in two cohorts with extensive follow-up. We’ve never had a way to meaningfully quantify the thymus gland before, so this represents important leverage of supervised, self-supervised, and transformer models. The study wouldn’t have been possible without AI. And it begs the question as to whether there are ways we can maintain our thymus at a high health score. But it’s not so simple to rejuvenate our thymus. There are multiple risks including the induction of autoimmunity, increasing the risk of cancer, and inducing a pro-inflammatory state. For example, factors that increase TEC proliferation could compromise the medulllary negative selection process and leak out auto-reactive (self-attacking) T cells. Thymic cells could be induced to proliferate, but we know, for example, that growth hormone and IGF-1 are associated with an increase risk of cancer. If thymus rejuvenation doesn’t clear out the accumulated senescent cells in older adults, then inflammation within the gland could block the production of TECs. Keeping these risks in mind, we now have identified many ways to keep our thymus healthy as we age that undoubtedly will be tested in clinical trials going forward. Ultimately, the benefit-to-risk tradeoffs will be defined. In the meantime, we have desperately needed an immunome. As I’ve stressed in multiple prior Ground Truths, we have no test in the clinic to assess a patient’s immune status! It was very encouraging for me to get an email from Hugo Aerts, the senior author of the landmark papers in the days after they were published: “I also wanted to say that your Substack on “Why We Need an Immunome” was inspiring for this work. We found it a very compelling perspective and greatly enjoyed reading it.” Just having an assessment of a person’s immune status via a chest CT scan, with millions of these performed per year, might help in guiding the right immunotherapy for cancer (e.g. more intensive, combinations for those with low thymic health scores) and help define people who are increased risk for age-related diseases of cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative. The main theme of Super Agers is that we now have many layers of data (genetics, proteins, biomarkers, organ clocks that can be integrated via multimodal AI) for us to define a person’s specific risk decades before one of these age-related diseases leads to symptoms, enabling prevention. From the new studies this week, we can add thymus health score as yet another way to understand a person’s risk, a window into their adaptive immune system and healthspan. And perhaps someday we will be able to safely rejuvenate the thymus, or maintain its health through one’s life, and use the thymus health score to monitor. NB: I wrote this post (No A.I.) A Quick Poll Loading... ********************************************************************* Thanks to Ground Truths subscribers (now > 200,000) from every US state and 212 countries. Your subscription to these free essays and podcasts makes my work in putting them together worthwhile. Please join! If you found this interesting PLEASE share it! Share Ground Truths Paid subscriptions are voluntary and all proceeds from them go to support Scripps Research. They do allow for posting comments and questions, which I do my best to respond to. Please don’t hesitate to post comments and give me feedback. Let me know topics that you would like to see covered. Leave a comment Many thanks to those who have contributed—they have greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for the past two years. It enabled us to accept and support 47 summer interns in 2025! We aim to accept even more of the several thousand who will apply for summer 2026.
Trump mocks 'discombobulated' Schumer over Democrats' near gaffe on funding ICE
President Donald Trump mocked Chuck Schumer after the Senate minority leader accidentally said "We must fund ICE" on the Senate floor amid the DHS funding shutdown fight.
iPad 12 With A18 Chip for Apple Intelligence is 'Still Coming This Year'
Apple has updated a wide range of products and accessories this month, but there is still no entry-level iPad 12 with Apple Intelligence support. Fortunately, Bloomberg's Mark Gurman today said an iPad with an A18 chip for Apple Intelligence is "ready to go" and "still coming this year". An earlier report from Macworld claimed that the iPad 12 will actually have an A19 chip.
Maine progressive Senate candidate Graham Platner responds to Gov. Janet Mills’ attack on his online past
Scientists twisted a mysterious superconductor and got a shocking result
A decades-old superconducting mystery just took a surprising turn. Strontium ruthenate, a material that conducts electricity with zero resistance at low temperatures, has long puzzled scientists with hints of an exotic, complex superconducting state. But by carefully twisting and distorting ultra-thin crystals, researchers found something unexpected: the material barely reacted at all. This challenges years of assumptions and suggests its behavior may be far simpler—or far stranger—than previously thought.
Neighbors say Indian Springs revival could do KCK ‘more good than that stadium’
Area businesses said they want to see the project revitalize the State Avenue business corridor near I-635.
In Maine’s marquee Senate primary, Janet Mills reaches out to women by raising Graham Platner’s online past
Janet Mills and her allies are counting on a gender gap to narrow Platner’s wide lead ahead of the June 9 primary to decide who will face incumbent Republican Sen. Susan Collins. They are betting that the unfiltered style that has brought Platner widespread attention as someone who could help Democrats reach young men will backfire with women.
The case against the Senate filibuster no Republican can make
How to put Congress, not the president, in the U.S. politics driver’s seat: End the 60-vote tradition.
Winner and Loser of the Week in Florida politics
DeSantis signed a bill seeking to block a Manatee cruise port, while another Republican group is in hot water.
Politics: Iowa Senate majority leader outlines plans for coming weeks
Second funnel week concluded in the Iowa Legislature, meaning that lawmakers’ focus can return to funding, appropriations and other types of specific bills that don’t respond to the Legislature’s self-imposed
The Antidote to Our Growing Crises Must Transcend Politics
Each day, the challenges in our nation pile up. In just recent weeks, there has been the ongoing war in Iran and the Middle East, and ongoing debates about the growing negative impact of the Internet, looming AI challenges, and the Epstein files. The anticipation of divisive, even ugly, midterm elec...
Recap: Sporting KC suffers 4-1 loss to Colorado
Sporting Kansas City suffered a 4-1 loss to the Colorado Rapids on Saturday at Sporting Park. Shapi Suleymanov scored the lone goal for SKC in the defeat as the visitors prevailed behind a brace from Paxten Aaronson to go along with a goal from fellow Designated Player Rafael Navarro and
4 Takeaways From Fanatics Flag Football Classic: USA Football Dominates the Pros
Tom Brady looked the part in his return to the field, but USA Football overwhelmed their NFL counterparts in the Fanatics Flag Football Classic.
Senate rejects Trump-backed measure to ban trans athletes in female sports
The Senate on Saturday rejected an amendment to a far-reaching voting bill that would have barred transgender females from playing in girls’ and women’s sports.
Fact-checking Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer on the effects of the SAVE America Act
Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer said the SAVE America Act would require in-person voter registration, “something only 5% of Americans do today." The act would require that, but the rate of in-person registrations is higher than Schumer said.
G.O.P. Bid to Target Transgender Athletes Falls Flat in the Senate
In moving to bar transgender women and girls from women’s and girls’ sports, Republicans sought to put Democrats in an awkward political spot on a sensitive issue ahead of the midterm elections.
Senate blocks amendment on transgender athletes during weekend session
The amendment that was blocked by a 49-41 vote would create potential penalties for educational institutions that receive federal funding
Senate rejects Trump-backed measure to ban trans athletes in female sports
The chamber considered adding the measure to a far-reaching voting bill supported by the Republican president.
Democrats block SAVE America Act amendment to bar transgender athletes in women’s sports
Senate Democrats voted Saturday to defeat a Republican-sponsored amendment to the SAVE America Act that would prohibit transgender athletes from participating in girls’ or women’s sports, an …
Thune, GOP blast Dems in DHS standoff as Lankford says they fear ICE over Iran
Sen. James Lankford, R-Okla., accused Senate Democrats of being afraid of ICE than Iran as the DHS shutdown hit its 36th day, as Republicans again offered another compromise deal to reopen.
MAGA says the SAVE America Act is crucial. A new poll shows Americans don’t agree
To hear some prominent MAGA voices tell it, the marathon Senate debate over the “SAVE America Act” is an existential one for the Republican Party. But the urgency to pass the legislation is not felt by Americans more widely.
Billionaires, trial lawyers and unions gear up for 2026 California ballot brawls
It costs millions to qualify for the ballot and most measures fail, but that’s not stopping lots of special interest groups from trying
The US Senate could soon set a historic first: Three Black women serving at the same time
In the days after winning the Democratic nomination for Senate, Illinois Lt. Gov. Juliana Stratton spoke to the two women with whom she could make history next year.
Community's Choice Awards spotlight: Oliv Epicurean Grill
Local favorites don’t nominate themselves. Volusia-Flagler Community’s Choice Awards nominations are in the final days.
Community's Choice Awards spotlight: Rockledge Gardens
The Brevard Community’s Choice Awards are picking up steam. Have you nominated your local favorites yet?
Community's Choice Awards spotlight: Cool R Us
Momentum is building for the Best of Bold City Community’s Choice Awards. Nominate before you forget.
More young people are filing for bankruptcy, lawyers say. Here's why.
Bankruptcy lawyers say more Gen Z and millennial clients are hitting a financial wall as costs rise and wages stagnate.
Vaz and Tsimikas to start vs Lecce
Good attacking depth and a knack for jostling opponents. Plus, an assist and a penalty won. It may not have been enough to eliminate Bologna from the Europa League, but it might have been enough to co...
Braves sign Rowdy Tellez to MiLB deal, per report
Atlanta add another veteran left-handed hitting first base/designated hitter option late in camp.
Senate Democrats wade into their party's most contentious primaries: From the Politics Desk
Plus, more mixed messaging from the Trump administration on Iran.
The State That Decided to Topple a Political Giant
Phil Berger has been the most powerful person in North Carolina for 15 years. That wasn’t enough to save him from voters’ anger at incumbents and legalized gambling.
Amid soaring prices, Maryland Republicans make political push for gas tax holiday
Maryland House and Senate Republicans said Thursday they will press for a 30-day gas tax holiday to ease skyrocketing gas prices spawned by the Iran war.
Who is Nate Burleson? Why has he replaced Ernie Johnson for NCAA Tournament?
Where is Ernie Johnson? Who is Nate Burleson? Here's what you need to know about CBS and TNT Sports' studio hosts for NCAA Tournament.
Michigan confirms measles outbreak in Washtenaw County: What to know
An initial case was identified in an unvaccinated adult who visited sites in Ypsilanti and Canton earlier this month. Since then, two more related cases have been reported.
Contributor: A Democratic takeover of the Senate is now imaginable
For the first time, prediction markets are indicating Republicans will lose both chambers in November.
Could Louisiana’s first Senate debate be on Moon Griffon? Inside the latest maneuvering.
Sen. Bill Cassidy has been calling for TV debates as he runs for reelection. Will he accept the debate offer from conservative radio talk show host Moon Griffon?
Senate Dems propose their own $200M ‘CT option’ health care bill
The Senate Dems’ “CT option” builds on Gov. Ned Lamont's actions and own proposal to create a state health care option, but goes further.
GOP senator warns gutting Senate filibuster to pass SAVE America Act is a ‘foolish and lazy idea’
Sen. Thom Tillis on Thursday blasted talk of ending the Senate filibuster to pass the “SAVE America Act” as a “foolish and lazy idea” and warned his party that pushing the president’s priority through the so-called talking filibuster would hand control to Democrats.
New dispute emerges around Subnautica 2’s early access release
Lawyers for the ousted—and now partially reinstated—leadership team of Unknown Worlds, the studio behind Subnautica 2, are crying foul over news that the game will be released into early access in May. The release announcement earlier this week was made improperly, potentially “damaging the game and sowing additional confusion among the Subnautica community,” the lawyers said in a letter sent on Tuesday to Vice Chancellor Lori Will of Delaware’s Court of Chancery. In their letter, the lawyers also floated the idea of asking Will to find Krafton in contempt of the court’s ruling. The letter was sent just one day after Will’s bombshell ruling that publisher Krafton had breached its contract with Unknown Worlds’ executive team, when it fired them last June. The new issue isn’t necessarily the May early access timeframe, but how the news was announced. The letter and Krafton’s response have not been previously reported. A quick recap of prior events: Subnautica 2 is an unreleased, underwater survival adventure and the most-wishlisted game on Steam. Last year, longtime Unknown Worlds CEO Ted Gill, along with studio co-founders Charlie Cleveland and Max McGuire, were fired by Krafton. They swiftly sued, saying the publisher had terminated them to avoid paying out up to $250 million in potential performance-based bonuses. The studio leaders had hoped to earn that with an early access release of the game, which Krafton had blocked. The publisher argued in court that Subnautica 2 wasn’t ready, which the ousted execs disputed. On Monday, Will ruled that Krafton had violated its contract, firing the execs to avoid the performance payouts, and that it had to reinstate Gill and give him full authority over any early access release for Subnautica 2. On Tuesday, IGN reported on a new memo issued that day to Unknown Worlds staff by Steve Papoutsis, the executive Krafton had put in charge of Unknown Worlds after the 2025 firings. In the note, Papoutsis said that Subnautica 2 had passed a key development milestone “last week” and that he and Krafton had determined the game “is ready for Early Access release in May.” This news appeared to catch the lawyers for Gill, Cleveland and McGuire by surprise. On Tuesday night, they sent a letter to Will expressing “serious concerns” about whether it would be possible to forge an agreement with Krafton consistent with the judge’s order. Papoutsis’ memo was a problem, they wrote. He didn’t have the authority to declare anything about Subnautica 2’s release. As of 9am ET on Monday, March 16, the effective date of Will’s order, Papoutsis wasn’t CEO of Unknown Worlds. Gill was. And, per Will’s order, only Gill could make Subnautica 2 release decisions. They continued: Krafton self-servingly announced the launch without any regard to its impact on the game, the team, or the community—let alone this Court’s Opinion. Announcing the release of a game is momentous, and it is typically accompanied by significant marketing activity, fanfare, and community coordination. And most importantly, the announcement is carefully designed to maximize excitement for the game. That entire process was supposed to be driven by Mr. Gill. However, in defiance of the Court’s Opinion, Krafton has now taken that away, further damaging the game and sowing additional confusion among the Subnautica community. The lawyers speculated that Krafton had “intentionally leaked” Papoutsis’ memo and then issued an official statement to confirm the leak. Game File is a reader-supported publication. My reporting is only possible through support from readers like you. To support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Subscribe On Wednesday, lawyers for Krafton defended their client in their own letter to vice chancellor Will, saying nothing they did violated her order nor showed contempt: Papoutsis’s message was simply celebrating the UW employees’ efforts toward a past event: Krafton’s pre-Opinion determination that Subnautica 2 was ready for Early Access release. There was nothing improper about conveying the results of the milestone review or thanking the development team for their dedication and talent. They added that Gill could still make his own call about Subnautica 2’s release: In his role as CEO, Gill will be able to assess independently his views on the state of Subnautica 2 and the appropriate release schedule; nothing in Papoutsis’s message alters Gill’s authority or discretion. Vice chancellor Will has not responded to the letters and doesn’t necessarily have to. Both parties were previously ordered by Will to confer this week and submit a proposed judgment consistent with her ruling. The letter from Gill’s attorney’s this week doesn’t indicate whether he would or would not support a May release for Subnautica 2. But it could limit his options. And, if Gill’s lawyers are right, the lack of marketing fanfare around the leak of the May date could dull the launch of the game. Any harm to Subnautica 2’s launch is an extra sensitive issue given the context of the legal dispute: millions of dollars of payouts are on the line, tethered to the scale of the game’s initial performance. In her ruling on Monday, Will noted that there was obvious “bad blood” between Gill’s side and Krafton but that the two would need to work together: “They can—and must—act in good faith to navigate their remaining contractual relationship.” Item 2: A new kind of couch co-op game A highlight of GDC each year is the Alt.Ctrl showcase that features games played with extremely experimental controllers. Perusing this year’s offerings last Friday, I found a game controlled with giant scissors, another with big toothbrushes and one that amounted to dumpster diving. My favorite was Pivot, a co-op game about collectively maneuvering a couch. It was developed by students at the University of Utah’s masters of arts and engineering games program. Players lift and tilt the physical couch in order to control the position of a virtual one. That virtual one is moving through an obstacle course on-screen, while being pursued by a giant skull. Developer Nishant Verma told me at GDC that the couch is made of styrofoam (this became more evident as I watched!) and that the name was a riff on an episode of the sitcom Friends. Item 3: In brief… 🚫 Ubisoft is laying off more than 100 workers at its Red Storm studio, as the North Carolina location known for decades for its Tom Clancy games, ceases in-house game development, VGC reports. 👀 On Monday, Nvidia’s revealed its DLSS 5 AI-driven graphics technology that purports to improve game graphics… and it has been roasted about it by the media and the online gaming public for the remainder of the week. The tech changed the faces of characters in footage from Resident Evil Requiem, Hogwarts Legacy and EA Sports FC, drawing accusations of giving carefully art-directed games the generic look of AI “slop.” Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang had said on Monday that “DLSS 5 is the GPT moment for graphics—blending handcrafted rendering with generative AI to deliver a dramatic leap in visual realism while preserving the control artists need for creative expression.” By mid-week, Huang was telling Tom’s Hardware that the new tech’s critics were “completely wrong” because game-makers could still “fine-tune the generative AI” to suit their game’s aesthetics.
'We're not out of the woods yet': JFAC reworks Health and Human Services budget
After failing on the senate floor, JFAC reworked the Health and Human Services maintenance budget for Fiscal Year 2027. Making it out of committee with an addit
Temple Health Appoints Robert A. Winn, MD, as Cancer Center Director for Fox Chase Cancer Center
Temple Health today announced the appointment of Robert A. Winn, MD, as the next Cancer Center Director for Fox Chase Cancer Center, marking a defining moment that will shape the future of one of the nation’s leading National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers.
Warren Endorses Platner in Maine, Splitting With Schumer
The intervention by Ms. Warren is the latest instance of her embracing a candidate at odds with Mr. Schumer, the top Senate Democrat.
Mobile sports betting dies again in Mississippi Senate
It is the second time this session that a mobile sports betting bill from the House has died in the Senate.
Marathon Players Are About To Solve Its Weeks-Long ARG
Alternate reality games are kind of Bungie's thing.
Will mobile sports betting ever become legal in Mississippi?
Another legislative session is set to close without legal mobile sports betting for Mississippi. See why a Jackson senator blocked bills this year.
Blue Jays Receive Unfortunate Health Update On Right-Hander Trey Yesavage
Yesavage won't be available at the start of the 2026 season.
The Politics Hour: VA State Sen. Scott Surovell & WAMU's Alex Koma
WAMU's Alex Koma discusses the latest in D.C.'s big elections, including the mayoral race. And Virginia state Senate Majority Leader Scott Surovell on the General Assembly failing to make a deal on the budget.
Sangamon County voters approve new tax increase for mental health board
Murphy explained that the mental health board would act as a centralized organization that helps coordinate groups and providers in the Sangamon County area.
Rats, gnats and Yik Yak. Queens University responds to dining health concerns
The university received a lackluster health inspection in January and an improved one in February before other student concerns emerged.
Senate Democrats lay out plans to overhaul health insurance after setbacks under Trump
Democrats are sharpening their health care message as the midterms loom.
Dayton dominates Bradley to advance in 2026 NIT
Dayton guard Javon Bennett scored 25 points in an 80-66 win at Bradley in the first round of the NIT.
Amazon Alexa's UK personality to change with Echo AI update
There has been criticism the Echo has stagnated, while other AI chatbots have become much easier to communicate with.
Democratic rising star wins Illinois Senate primary running on ‘f*** Trump’ message
Fetterman's a no as Senate Republicans debate new voting restrictions
WASHINGTON — U.S. Sen. John Fetterman broke with his party and voted to fund the federal government, and to oppose legislation limiting President...
Following Trump, Republicans in Congress Propose to Ban Most Voting by Mail
A restrictive voter I.D. bill under consideration in the Senate could severely limit mail-in voting. Conservatives are pressing to end the practice outright, taking aim at an option that is widely used by voters.
From Italian food to used cars, here are six businesses that recently closed
Some closures are national chains, while others were locally owned.
Grant County reports 2 confirmed measles cases in unvaccinated children, tracking exposure
Two unvaccinated children in Grant County from the same household have confirmed measles infections, prompting health officials to warn residents who may have b
GOP blocks Booker-led push to curb Trump's military authority in Iran
Senate Democrats plan multiple war powers resolutions to challenge President Trump's Iran military operations in a bid to force public testimony from top administration officials.
Mullin under microscope by Senate colleagues over temperament, stolen valor and ICE in tense DHS confirmation hearing
A typically friendly setting for one of their own turned tense on Capitol Hill Wednesday with senators grilling Markwayne Mullin for roughly three hours as he vies to become President Donald Trump’s next Department of Homeland Security chief.
Bill on foreign influence in Georgia politics returns to Senate
The Georgia House passed a bill requiring disclosure of political spending from countries designated as hostile foreign adversaries, with a 98-65 vote largely along party lines.
Pritzker flexes political muscle with Stratton victory amid 2028 chatter
Illinois Gov. JB Pritzker (D) flexed his political muscle in the Illinois Senate primary to propel Lt. Gov. Juliana Stratton to victory, as chatter builds about his&nb…
Alvin Greene, a No-Show Senate Nominee Who Won Primary, Dies at 48
He made no effort to campaign but won the South Carolina Democratic primary in 2010, becoming the state’s first Black major-party nominee for Senate.
Rand Paul confronts Markwayne Mullin over past rhetoric at Senate hearing
Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., confronted Sen. Markwayne Mullin, R-Okla., for his past comments saying he "completely understood" why Paul had been physically assaulted and questioned if "someone who applauds violence against their political opponents" is the right person to lead the Department of Homeland Security.
Trump's DHS pick Markwayne Mullin is confronted by Rand Paul at Senate hearing
Paul, the committee chairman, used his opening statement to confront Mullin, who once said he understood why Paul was physically assaulted, over "anger issues."
Republican leaders reject demands for public hearings on Trump's war with Iran
While Democrats say public hearings are necessary, House and Senate leadership say briefings behind closed doors are sufficient and avoid risking the operation.
WATCH LIVE: Gabbard, Ratcliffe and Patel testify on worldwide threats in Senate Intelligence hearing
What breaks first when your business scales to multiple locations
Stamps.com reports that multi-location growth reveals operational misalignments and that managing varied tools and vendors complicates efficiency and increases costs.
Kansas House passes sports authority bill over opposition with one major change
Despite strong support for the sports authority bill from leadership of both parties, some lawmakers were highly critical of the legislation.
Proposed Ohio-Israel partnership draws business group support, activist criticism
COLUMBUS, Ohio (WCMH) — The Ohio Senate is considering legislation that would create a formal partnership between the state and Israel aimed at expanding trade, investment and research collaboration. ...
Insurer and business lobbying interests kill supplemental breast imaging bill in 1 state
Earlier this year, Kansas lawmakers introduced Senate Bill 409, seeking to close insurance gaps for women who need follow-up scans after screening mammography.
Arizona baseball loses at home to New Mexico
Though it lost two of three at Utah last weekend in its first Big 12 series, Arizona showed plenty of fight by tying or taking the lead in the 9th inning of each game. Unfortunately, that kind of effort didn’t come back with the Wildcats from Salt Lake City. The UA lost 6-3 to New […]
Inside JB Pritzker’s power play in Illinois’ Senate primary – and what it means for a 2028 run
Many assume JB Pritzker’s run for president is just a year away. His effort to engineer a victory for his lieutenant governor, Juliana Stratton, in Illinois’ Senate primary was also a victory for him and a political operation with national ambitions.
King of Illinois: Pritzker swings senate race as he targets Trump
Juliana Stratton’s victory in a heated Senate primary vindicates the governor’s political operation heading into 2028.
Takeaways from the Illinois primary elections
Lt. Gov. Juliana Stratton’s win in the Senate Democratic primary was also a win for Gov. JB Pritzker, while big-spending groups like AIPAC got mixed results in Tuesday’s contests.
Cote: Baseball, politics, emotion lift Venezuela to WBC crown over U.S.
It was baseball first, but politics, too, that made Venezuela the World Baseball Classic champion over the favored U.S. Tuesday on an emotional night in Miami
Stratton Wins Illinois Senate Race, Saving Pritzker From Political Embarrassment
The billionaire Democratic governor spent at least $5 million helping his lieutenant governor win the primary.
Lt. Gov. Juliana Stratton will win Illinois Democratic primary for Senate, CNN projects
Illinois Lt. Gov. Juliana Stratton will win the Democratic primary for an open Senate seat, CNN projects, a stunning rise for a little-known state officer now on a glide path to Washington.
Juliana Stratton wins Democratic primary, set to become Illinois’ second Black woman senator
Lt. Gov. Juliana Stratton is all but certain to make history, becoming one of three Black women to serve in the Senate at the same time.
CA lawmakers pushes forward bill to curb mental health diversion for public safety
Opponents of the measure say the drive to restrict the diversions neglects statistical success.
Your daily coffee may be protecting your brain, 43-year study finds
Your morning coffee or tea could be quietly supporting your brain health. A long-term study found that moderate consumption of caffeinated coffee or tea was linked to an 18% lower risk of dementia and better cognitive performance over time. The benefits appeared strongest at 2–3 cups of coffee or 1–2 cups of tea daily—and even held true for people genetically predisposed to dementia.
Wisconsin Senate passes bills to legalize online sports betting, establish college athlete NIL rules
The Wisconsin Senate on Tuesday passed bills to legalize online sports betting and create rules for college athlete NIL payments.
No Trump Endorsement for Cornyn or Paxton in Texas Senate Race as Deadline Passes
President Trump’s decision not to weigh in before the deadline means both John Cornyn and Ken Paxton remain on the ballot, extending their costly and increasingly personal battle into a May runoff.
Bill to tighten mental health diversion passes key Senate committee
Assembly Bill 46 took a big step toward becoming law on Tuesday. The bill, designed to address what many believe is a loophole in the state’s mental health diversion program, was unanimously approved by the Senate Public Safety Committee.
Trump said he wanted one of the Texas Senate candidates to drop out. Now he’s missed the deadline
President Donald Trump promised his endorsement was forthcoming in the GOP Texas Senate runoff and said he wanted whoever he didn’t pick to drop out. But now — preoccupied with the Iran war and a doomed voting bill — he’s missed a critical deadline.
Read the White House Letter to Senate Republicans
In a letter sent to two Republican senators, White House officials outlined narrow changes it would be willing to make to its immigration enforcement operations.
Senate kicks off debate on voting requirements bill
The controversial centerpiece of the legislation would require proof of citizenship to register to vote.