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NYC business leaders renew push to ease short-term rental restrictions
(The Center Square) — New York City business leaders are urging the City Council to ease restrictions on short-term rentals they say have created a shortage of temporary housing.
Bear Lake rental businesses prepare for changing seasons
The seasons are about to change, and for businesses that depend on summer traffic, that means a tangible change in pace at the Caribbean of the Rockies.
US teens can access ‘nudify’ apps despite Apple and Google’s parental controls, report finds
Exclusive: Using test accounts, Tech Transparency Project downloaded 135 apps with features to generate nonconsensual nude imagery
Books for Better Health: Can Parent Beliefs About Reading Affect Health Outcomes?
A new research study looking at shifts in parental beliefs about books, reading frequency, and health outcomes was launched at a free Scholastic book at Yale
Parental mental health: Raising healthier families | Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
Experts examined the factors driving parental stress and discussed evidence-based strategies to better support parents.
Parental instincts are crucial. The internet is clouding them.
Parents have more access to health information than ever, but it is conflicting and erodes their confidence.
Local Business Spotlight: Schroeder Short Stop
A year after opening its bar on the West End of Cook County, the Schroeder Short Stop continues to grow, adding new food and drink options and expanding its staff. Owners Tim Saetre and Emma Sievers opened the Schroeder Short Stop bar just over a year ago, adding to their existing Electric Trails e-bike rental...
Gunman Kills 2 Co-Workers at Virginia Rental Business
A 37-year-old man shot three employees at an equipment rental business, then killed himself after a standoff with the police, the authorities said.
Florida health officials issue guidance on psychotropic medications for children
Florida health officials are advising against the use of psychotropic medications for children ages 5 to 17, highlighting the need for informed parental decisions.
Tiffany announces parental 'Bill of Rights' to ban transgender sports, pronoun changes
Republican candidate for governor Tom Tiffany says he’ll make Wisconsin schools more accountable by giving parents and teachers more rights.
Kathleen Madonna-Emmerling and Alex Rose: Allegheny County has a public health crisis. Paid parental leave can change that.
Since the Allegheny County Board of Health first introduced the paid parental leave proposal on May 13, there’s been an outpouring of public engagement on the topic. People from across the county have packed public hearings, sharing some of the most intensely personal stories you could imagine about their experiences
Greystar Announces BMW Lease at Mid85 Logistics Park Near Spartanburg
Greystar, a global leader in rental housing, investment management, development, and property management, today announced a long-term lease with BMW North America at Mid85, its Class A logistics park in the Greenville-Spartanburg...
The hottest rental markets in the US 2026
One Northeastern city surpassed New York and San Francisco as the hottest rental market in 2026, according to Zillow.
I scaled my Airbnb business from 4 cabins to over 500 properties. Here's what I learned.
Samuel Sévigny cofounded the short-term rental property management company Chaletô with his friends. He shares tips on how to scale a business.
Arri Surprisingly Sells its Global Rental Business
Arri says selling Arri Rental will help sharpen its focus.
Allegheny County’s paid parental leave approved by health board, moves to council
Allegheny County's Board of Health voted to approve a county-wide paid parental leave mandate Monday. The matter now heads back to County Council for deliberation.
GTA VI keeps cyberleeking, with trips to the club, a used game store, and the beach.
A new round of leaked video clips has surfaced, and they appear to show that the well-populated areas from Rockstar’s trailers will be featured in the actual game. Like all of the leaked gameplay before, they feature only the Jason character, walking through a crowded nightclub, and cycling down a beach. The last clip takes him to “Game Horde” with plenty of used PS5s and physical copies of games lining the shelves, readily available for rental or trade, even if GTA VI won’t be. [Image: https://platform.theverge.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2026/08/Screenshot-2026-08-25-135930.png?quality=90&strip=all]
Ross Fire: Family loses century-old land, canoe business in blaze
Land owned by a North Texas family for nearly a century, along with a canoe rental business that's nearly 60-years-old, was completely devastated by the Ross Fire that continues to burn throughout Palo Pinto County.
Equipment rental business expands operation in Island City
ISLAND CITY — A rental equipment business in Island City has expanded. 4 Bears Enterprise LLC, 10102 S. McAlister Road, is leasing the property at 10202 W. First S., creating […]
The rise of ‘safety fatigue’ among parents
Does social media blame you for all the ways you should protect your kids? Welcome to the rise of parental ““safety fatigue.”
This week in Santa Cruz County business: Local nonprofit partners to help veterans transition into aviation careers; rental market takes dubious top honors for most expensive in the nation
In her latest business column, Jessica M. Pasko highlights a tricounty nonprofit aiming to give veterans more career opportunities, along with dates to keep in mind and more.
Parental gambling linked to poorer health and educational outcomes for Australian children
New Australian research has found that risky parental gambling is associated with poorer physical health, mental health and educational outcomes among children, highlighting the need to recognize gambling ...
My 13-year-old refused to let me track him. I realized he was right.
I grew up with little parental supervision. When my teen objected to GPS tracking, I realized how much modern parenting had changed me.
Why businesses are concerned about Allegheny County's proposed paid leave policy
Meredith Boyle is one of hundreds of small business owners concerned about how to cover the costs of paid parental leave if Allegheny County eventually...
What a Business Owner’s Policy Covers and Leaves Out
Northern Nevada Insurance Agency, an independent agency in Reno, quotes business owner’s policies across multiple carriers for restaurants, retail stores, rental property owners, contractors and professional offices. The bundle covers commercial property, general liability and business interruption, while workers’ compensation, commercial auto and professional liability are separate policies the agency reviews alongside it. Reno, NV, Sept. 11, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- A business owner's policy i
I traded investment banking for vacation rentals to be a good dad
A former banker explains why he left Wall Street — disappointing his immigrant parents — to build a vacation-rental business.
How one couple is turning an RV rental business into a retirement plan
At the end of 2023, airline pilots Carrie and Brian Smith bought seven Class C RVs and launched Suite Glamping Adventures.
Abode Luxury Rentals honored with Park City Green Business Award
This year’s Park City Green Business Award went to Abode Luxury Rentals. It's the first vacation rental company to be given the distinction.
The World Cup was bad for some businesses in Los Angeles
A hotel-association study finds the tournament delivered the weakest boost of any recent mega-event, with workers’ hours cut and short-term rentals pulling ahead.
Aug. 4 Home Entertainment Releases Include 'Evil Dead Burn' Digitally, 'Talladega Nights' 4K Steelbook
The slate of new releases for Aug. 4 includes Evil Dead Burn, Lucky Strike, The Isolate Thief and LifeHACK digitally, while Talladega Nights gets a 20th anniversary 4K Steelbook. New Line’s Evil Dead Burn will be available for premium digital rental and sale Aug. 4 from Warner Bros. Discovery Home Entertainment. In the latest entry in the “Evil Dead” … Continue reading "Aug. 4 Home Entertainment Releases Include ‘Evil Dead Burn’ Digitally, ‘Talladega Nights’ 4K Steelbook"
More charges expected in NC political nonprofit spending investigation, according to DA
More charges expected after new search warrants indicate a politically connected nonprofit was spending money at strip clubs, beach vacation rentals and golf outings.
Maine program offers help to those at risk of eviction
To qualify, households must be renters in Maine, be at risk of eviction, owe no more than $9,600 and have household income at or below 60% of area median income.
Rob Sand wants to ban social media for Iowa kids under 16. What about parental permission?
Democratic candidate for governor Rob Sand details his proposed social media ban for kids under 16.
Green Party deputy leader Mothin Ali linked to property lets in Leeds
Mothin Ali, is linked to two rental properties via his company, but does not appear to profit from them.
Political cartoons for August 13
Thursday’s political cartoons include rental relief, ballroom bunker, and more
NC political corruption probe: Warrant says group spent big on strip clubs, golf
The new warrant highlights nearly $80,000 in spending from 2022 to 2024 on strip clubs, sports and a beach rental.
League of Legends patch 26.14 is rolling out optional parental tools to enhance "child safety"
League of Legends patch 26.14 goes live on July 15, rolling out new ways for parents to have control over their kid's Riot Games accounts.
‘Jeopardy’ champ pleads guilty to 2 felony charges after planting secret cameras in rental property
Two-time ‘Jeopardy’ champ Philip Joseph DeSena pleaded guilty to two counts of felony secret peeping after planting hidden cameras in a rental property’s bedroom and bathroom for ‘sexual gratification.’
Starlink takes page from cable firms with $10 monthly rental fee for hardware
Starlink, SpaceX's top moneymaker, also raised service prices by $5 to $10.
Spider-like creatures help uncover the surprising origins of fatherhood
Citizen scientists have helped researchers solve a long-standing mystery about how parental care evolved in harvestmen. Using photos and observations from iNaturalist, scientists more than doubled the known cases of egg-guarding behavior and discovered that maternal and paternal care followed different evolutionary paths. The project, completed in just days with help from public data, shows how citizen science is transforming biological research on a global scale.
California couple in legal battle with surrogate who fled to Texas to give birth
The case involving parental rights and competing state laws is raising new questions for legal scholars.
Rising diesel prices hit area businesses
Razorback Rentals owner says fuel costs are the highest since he took over the business in 2004
Henderson homeowner calls overgrown rental yard a health hazard, says rats spreading to his property
Resident reports years of frustration with HOA, city and health department over neighboring property
Why high earners are rushing to use this vacation-rental tax break
The Big Beautiful Bill made a tax loophole permanent for Airbnb investors. Here's how they're getting the IRS to fund their downpayments.
Allegheny County Board of Health passes paid parental leave program
The Allegheny County Board of Health on Monday approved an updated paid parental leave program that would require businesses with 15 or more eligible employees to provide at least 12 weeks of paid leave to new parents. The Board of Health approved the proposal in a unanimous vote. The board
Brightstar Capital Partners Invests in Material Handling Group, a Technician-Led Provider of Material Handling Equipment and Aftermarket Services
CANTON, Mich. & NEW YORK, October 20, 2026--Brightstar Capital Partners ("Brightstar"), a private equity firm focused on partnering with founders, entrepreneurs, and management teams, has acquired a majority interest in Material Handling Group USA ("MHG" or the "Company"). Financial terms were not disclosed. MHG is a technician-led provider of new, used, and rental material handling equipment and aftermarket parts and service, serving customers across Michigan, New York, and the Mid-Atlantic reg
Parental rights group questions student data, portal tied to mental health screenings
(The Center Square) – An Illinois parental-rights organization is raising concerns about how student information could be handled through BEACON, a state behavioral health portal that Awake Illinois describes as
Apartment developer Newstreet joins conversion boom with deal for Gold Coast office
Though the deal will be the firm’s first office-to-residential conversion, it joins a string of similarly sized deals by other developers capitalizing on rental demand.
Salt Lake City to begin requiring business licenses for short-term rentals
Utah's capital city is now cracking down on recent short-term rental challenges through an ordinance that will require business licenses to operate them.
Man fatally shoots 2 co-workers at a Virginia business before killing himself, police say
MANASSAS, Va. — A man shot three co-workers during an altercation Wednesday at a northern Virginia business, killing two of them, before he took his own life during a police standoff along an interstate highway, police said. Marvin Grant, 37, of Charlotte, North Carolina, opened fire at an equipment rental
Entertainment this Week: Fleetwood Macrame, Terrapin Roadshow and more
Friday, August 14 2027 Four Winns H-Series Demo Day at North Lake Tahoe Boat Rental – 10:30 a.m.-6 p.m., North Lake Tahoe Boat Rental, 7220 N Lake Blvd. Join Tahoe Boat Repair and Storage for...
Crews put out flames at Domestic Uniform Rental on Belmont Avenue in Youngstown, Ohio
Fire crews put out flames at a laundry services business in Youngstown Sunday evening.
Devoted dads and citizen science: The evolution of parental care in harvestmen spiders is uncovered
Citizen science data from the popular platform iNaturalist has helped uncover the evolution of parental guarding behavior in harvestmen spiders, as shown in research published in the Zoological Journal ...
This St. George business owner is offering VHS rentals for nostalgic experience
Store owners at Legacy Media Digital in St. George have made their VHS collection (and VCRs) available for the public to rent for a unique experience that may be new to members of younger generations.
WhatsApp introduces optional parental controls for teenagers
The social messaging app will let parents decide on privacy settings for their child's account.
Chase Sapphire Reserve for Business boosts The Edit credits
Chase is doubling the Sapphire Reserve for Business's annual The Edit credits to $1,000 in 2027, while adding a $1 million cap on some bonus categories.
‘Part of the Tri-Cities.’ 99-year-old business icon still runs her own shop
Alice Bennett runs the rental business she started in 1955.
Man fatally shoots 2 co-workers at a Virginia business before killing himself, police say
A shooting at a northern Virginia business has left two workers dead. Police in Manassas say the suspect later took his own life during a standoff on Interstate 81. Manassas Police Chief Doug Keen says 37-year-old Marvin Grant opened fire at an equipment rental business Wednesday morning. Two wor...
Here’s what’s new with parental control features in iOS 27
With iOs 27, new Screen Time and parental control features give parents more control over how their kids use their devices. Here are the details.
Devoted dads and citizen science: the evolution of parental care in harvestmen is uncovered
Citizen science data from popular platform iNaturalist has helped uncover the evolution of parental guarding behaviour in harvestmen, as shown in research published in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.
I bought a cheap house in rural Japan. I don't expect it to make money.
Andrew Koller visited Japan for the first time in 2023. Three years later he bought a home there and plans to use it for vacationing and rentals.
Aspen’s e-bike only business expands fleet, moves locations
Aspen's Best E-Bikes, one of Aspen's only e-bike exclusive rentals and sales businesses, has officially moved to its new location — 409 South Hunter Street.
El-Sayed in the hot seat for another foreign rental property, nearly $300K in additional income
Abdul El-Sayed released tax disclosures just hours before a debate, revealing a Dubai rental property and total assets worth up to $2.1 million.
Entertainment this week: BIG BLUEgrass Benefit Concert, Concours d’Elegance and more
Friday, August 7 2027 Four Winns H2 Demo Day at North Lake Tahoe Boat Rental in Tahoe Vista – 9:30 a.m.-6:30 p.m., North Lake Tahoe Boat Rental, 7220 N Lake Blvd. Join Tahoe Boat Repair...
Eighties Entertainment bringing mobile LED dance floor rentals to Owensboro
An LED dance floor rental service put together by Eighties Entertainment is coming to Owensboro soon.
Miami couple turned Turo side gig into six-figure family business
A couple's car rental business in Miami started as a side gig and grew to a fleet of over 60 cars that earned $500,000 last year.
Sweeping changes made to Allegheny County paid parental leave proposal
The Allegheny County Board of Health pared back its controversial paid parental leave proposal Wednesday, shaving six weeks off the proposed benefit and loosening requirements after weeks of intense public feedback. The revised proposal would cut paid leave from 18 weeks to 12 and only apply to Allegheny County businesses
Beacon Council Back to Business
City tackles zoning, parking, rentals
Allegheny County Health Board votes to approve paid parental leave policy
The Allegheny County Health Board voted Monday to approve County Executive Sara Innamorato’s proposed paid parental leave policy, advancing the legislation...
Lush's six-month parental leave exposes the retail benefits gap
A state top-up model funded full pay for frontline workers, and it offers a blueprint for retail employer clients
LA County health officials warn of possible measles exposure at LAX, on shuttle
County public health officials said a traveler with measles may have exposed people to the virus at LAX and aboard a rental car shuttle last week.
New York Yankees Worst Trade Deadline Busts Since 2005
The Yankees operate on a different cost structure than most of baseball. When they buy at the trade deadline, they’re not moving a fringe prospect for a rental — they’re trading significant pieces of the future for a championship window they believe is always now. When that calculus goes wrong, it ...
TUCSON NOW: Discussing the importance of parental mental health
There’s nothing wrong with asking for help.
School board candidates support more mental health care, differ on approach
Candidates for school boards around the state generally agreed with a new law that will require the hiring of more mental health counselors, but those responding to a survey said more resources will be needed, while some called for more parental involvement.
Allegheny County's mandate on paid parental leave draws strong reactions from small businesses
Ford sales struggle with no Escape, F-Series woes, less rental business
Ford struggled compared to crosstown competitors General Motors Co. and Stellantis NV.
Reds May Have Stumbled Into a Valuable Piece at the Trade Deadline
By flipping rental Nate Lowe for utility prospect Juan Brito, Cincinnati may have secured a versatile switch-hitter ready to spark the 2027 roster after a blistering debut.
$46.8 million townhome development planned in Ankeny
Hubbell Realty Co. plans to develop a $46.8 million rental townhome community on Ankeny’s northeast side, adding 200 units to one of the Des Moines area’s fastest-growing communities. The 16-acre development, called Marlow 35, is planned for the northeast corner of Northeast Delaware Avenue and Northeast Ninth Street. The community will include one- and two-story…
Inside the "We Buy Houses" Business
Have you ever gotten a text asking if you'd sell your house? Or maybe someone called out of the blue wanting to buy a property you didn't even know was connected to your name. In this episode of Entrepreneurial Shades of Gray, Dani and Chelsey sit down with Rhen Bartlett, CEO of Heartland Buys, to answer the questions so many homeowners have. How do these companies find you? Why do they target certain properties? And when does selling directly to a home buyer actually make sense? From inherited homes and rental properties to fixer-uppers and probate, Rhen pulls back the curtain on an industry most people know very little about. He also shares red flags to watch for and practical advice to help homeowners make informed decisions when they're approached about selling.
Ross Fire survivors reopen canoe rental business
Rochelle’s Canoe Rental has reopened from a donated RV under its original historic tree less than two weeks after being destroyed by the Ross Fire.
Allegheny County’s Board of Health weighs reshaped parental leave proposal
Allegheny County officials unveiled a scaled-back version of a paid parental leave bill that has generated fervent public discussion since its introduction in May. The revised proposal trims the parental leave period from 18 to 12 weeks and would apply to employers with 15 or more eligible full or part-time employees.
Socialist-backed Dem who ripped the wealthy cracks state’s top 1%, tax returns show
Abdul El-Sayed reported $262,000 in capital gains and owns two rental properties worth $750,000 while campaigning against wealthy landlords.
Parental loss doubles children's risk of mental health disorders
A new, large-scale Curtin University study has found children who experience parental loss are twice as likely to develop a mental health disorder, compared to those living with both parents.
VIDEO: Pair steals multiple TVs from northeast Memphis business: MPD
The above video is courtesy of the Memphis Police Department. MEMPHIS, Tenn. — Two suspects are at large after a northeast Memphis equipment rental facility was burglarized Sunday, police say…
Michael Dell’s son built a $13 billion home battery business—and he’s going on 30 years old
Zach Dell is banking on a home electricity and battery rental business that offers backup power without buying an exorbitantly expensive system.
WhatsApp adds new parental controls for teen accounts
Parents can limit how teens use channels, whose Status they can see, who can see their Status updates, and control who can add teens to groups.
Seahawks Get Big Rashid Shaheed Update Ahead of Training Camp
The Seattle Seahawks have Jaxon Smith-Njigba as their WR1, but the question will be whether Rashid Shaheed can become a WR2. Last season, the Seahawks traded a fourth-round pick and a fifth-round pick in the 2026 NFL Draft to the New Orleans Saints for Shaheed. Moreover, Shaheed didn’t become a rental for the Seahawks, as […] The post Seahawks Get Big Rashid Shaheed Update Ahead of Training Camp appeared first on HEAVY.
Science says these 7 parenting beliefs may be quietly making life harder for parents and children
Every parent wants to give their child the best possible upbringing. But in trying to be the “perfect parent,” many may be putting unnecessary pressure on themselves. A 2023 survey of more than 700 parents by researchers at Ohio State University found that 57% reported experiencing parental burnout. Surprisingly, the biggest predictor wasn't the number of children they had or how many hours they worked- it was the pressure to live up to an impossible standard of parenting. Child development experts say many of the beliefs parents consider signs of “good parenting” may actually be making life harder for both parents and children. Here's what science says.Here are seven common parenting beliefs that science says may be working against both parents and children.
It's Your Business | New Urbana shop aims to encourage reuse, creativity and community
In addition to reselling items, See Use Again also offers tool and mobility aid rentals, professional organization services, and workshops in partnership with artists.
Allegheny County Board of Health set to vote on proposed paid parental leave policy Monday
If the Board of Health approves the proposal during Monday’s vote, the measure will advance to the Allegheny County Council for consideration later this fall.
Michael Dell’s son built a $13 billion home battery business—and he’s going on 30 years old
Zach Dell is banking on a home electricity and battery rental business that offers backup power without buying an exorbitantly expensive system.
I own rentals near a future Meta data center. Most tenants work there.
Angel Crawford and her husband launched their rental home business in northeast Louisiana just before Meta announced its Hyperion AI data center.
Yale School of Medicine On the Science of Childhood Anxiety, Say, Anxiety Disorders Are the Most Common Mental Health Challenges In Youth
Credit: Matt Bradbury October 5, 2026 - By Isabella Backman - Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health challenges in youth. Left untreated, they can disrupt the lives of both children and their families. The good news is that with intervention, most children will overcome these conditions. Across Yale School of Medicine, scientists are working to understand anxiety at every level, from common anxious behaviors to molecular biomarkers in the brain. They are using their findings to develop and disseminate new evidence-based treatments for childhood anxiety. Today, the go-to treatment for childhood anxiety disorders is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This is a form of psychotherapy that teaches children skills for confronting anxious thoughts and helps them practice managing situations that cause anxiety. While it is the gold-standard treatment backed by considerable scientific evidence, up to 50% of children will not see sufficient benefit from CBT alone. Wendy Silverman, PhD, Alfred A. Messer Professor in the Child Study Center, co-directs the Anxiety and Mood Disorders Program alongside Eli Lebowitz, PhD, associate professor in the Child Study Center. One of their main interests is learning how to improve outcomes beyond CBT. “We’re developing cutting-edge, research-based knowledge that can reduce the suffering that anxiety causes children and their families,” says Silverman. Changing parent behavior YSM experts are investigating how to improve CBT outcomes for children by involving the parents. Silverman’s research has uncovered two main components of parent intervention that improve childhood anxiety: not enabling children to completely avoid the things that make them anxious and taking steps to enhance their autonomy. Parents may unintentionally reinforce their child’s anxiety by allowing them to avoid what makes them anxious. They also may unintentionally limit the children’s sense of autonomy by being overly intrusive. “One of the things that we take pride in is that we’ve focused on trying to understand what parents need to do, and to test our ideas and see if changing the parents’ behaviors is enhancing the effects of CBT,” Silverman says. “Our findings thus far suggest that they do." As much as CBT can be helpful, it can also be challenging to get one’s child to do the necessary steps for CBT to work. This is one important reason why Lebowitz created a novel intervention program for parents named Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions (SPACE). Existing intervention programs often teach parents to act as therapists for their child, such as training them on how to practice breathing exercises. “It makes sense, but this doesn’t work very well in practice,” says Lebowitz. “And part of the reason, I think, is that it’s not easy to get your kid to do things, especially if they’re not excited about doing it.” SPACE is unique because it focuses entirely on parent involvement and changing parental behavior—children are not involved in the sessions. For example, parents learn how to use supportive messages that convey confidence that their child can tolerate and manage distress. “It might sound like a parent saying to a child, ‘I get that this is really hard for you, but I know that you can handle it,’” Lebowitz says. The program also works with parents to identify the ways in which they are accommodating anxious behaviors. “We’ll pick one thing that parents are doing that is an accommodation and help them make a detailed plan for how they’re going to change that,” Lebowitz explains. Treating Anxiety in Children and Adolescents Much of the existing research on SPACE has focused on parents of children under age 14. Ongoing studies are now exploring its use with parents of older teens. “Both anxiety and accommodation can interfere with normative developmental shifts during the teen years, including increased autonomy and individuation from parents,” says Rebecca Etkin, PhD, associate research scientist in the Child Study Center. “In this sense, SPACE may be particularly well-suited for anxious teens and their parents. We want to see whether it is effective during this distinct developmental window.” Unfortunately, many families in need of CBT face barriers, including limited availability of services and geographic constraints. One way to improve access is digital interventions. Silverman and her team are developing an evidence-based digitized intervention program for parents that they can access directly from their computer or smart phone. “The work we’re doing will be one of the very few parent interventions that is digitized and importantly tested for effectiveness,” she says. Creating interventions for anxiety-related challenges Silverman and Lebowitz recently received a generous gift to develop and test other interventions that help parents reduce other child anxiety-related behavioral and emotional difficulties, such as restrictive eating and unexplained somatic symptoms. One of these projects in particular focuses on understanding the risks of social media and its potential benefits, including offering a sense of connection. “A lot of research has focused on the idea that social media is harmful and the less of it the better,” says Lebowitz. “But we actually see is that this is not quite right—there are negatives, but there are also positives. So, we’re trying to get a little bit more nuanced of a picture.” The team is working with teens with social anxiety and their parents over an extended period to better understand their social media habits and how their anxiety levels affect engagement with different platforms. The teens will answer questions sent to an app on their phones about mood and social media usage in an effort to capture emotional responses as they unfold. “We hope to develop interventions that can help make the best of social media while protecting against the more problematic effects,” Lebowitz says. The brain’s role in anxiety Researchers are also testing therapies to address anxiety at the neurological and molecular levels. In collaboration with Dylan Gee, PhD, professor of psychology in Yale's Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and Hilary Blumberg, MD, John and Hope Furth Professor of Psychiatric Neuroscience at Yale School of Medicine, Lebowitz and Silverman are using brain imaging to identify changes in a child’s brain before and after parents enroll in SPACE. In one study, children viewed anxiety-inducing images while undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); the researchers conducted scans with and without the children’s parents nearby. Before SPACE, children’s brains were better able to activate the regulatory circuitry needed to turn off an anxious response when their parents were nearby. But after SPACE, children could activate this circuitry even without the parent around. “As parents work on gradually reducing some of their accommodations, you can see a child get better at regulating their own fear system in the brain,” Lebowitz says. “It’s remarkable.” Research into the molecular underpinnings of anxiety can also inform new childhood anxiety treatments. In a recent study, Lebowitz, Silverman, and Flora Vaccarino, MD, Harris Professor in the Child Study Center, discovered that a protein known as fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) could be protective from the toxic effects of stress. FGF2 levels in children and their parents were linked to the children’s risk of developing anxiety and depression, the study showed. The findings could help explain why some children who are exposed to early life trauma such as poverty or abuse are more prone to developing mental health disorders. And FGF2 could be a target for treatment. “This is very novel because it starts to give a clue to what is the molecular chain that connects those lived experiences to the actual psychological outcomes,” Lebowitz says. New ways to study and treat childhood anxiety Michael Crowley, PhD, associate professor in the Child Study Center, collaborates with Silverman and Lebowitz to study the role that attention plays in development and maintenance of childhood anxiety. There is a large body of research that shows that anxious children, like anxious adults, are prone to focus on threatening stimuli such as angry faces compared with neutral faces. This has led to innovative interventions that involve attention retraining. The idea is that if experts train children to look away from threatening stimuli, it may reduce their anxiety—especially children with social anxiety who are most prone to attend to threats. The researchers have just completed a clinical trial for attention retraining with 10- to 14-year-olds with social anxiety disorders and are currently analyzing the findings. Besides this innovative attention retraining research, as Crowly notes, “I like to design tasks that are engaging to kids,” Crowley says. “My goal is to assess something without the kids knowing what we are assessing.” With this goal in mind, Crowley has created a virtual game, named Boom, to study threat processing in children with anxiety disorders. The game is similar to that of hot potato—the child and three digital players take turns virtually passing a ball to each other’s gloves. At some point, the ball turns into a bomb, and as the bomb lands in each player’s glove, the outline of the glove turns yellow. The goal is to avoid having the bomb go off in your glove. What isn’t obvious is that the game is designed to measure different types of threatening stimuli, both ambiguous and direct. In the game, the direct threat occurs as the bomb is traveling towards your glove. The ambiguous threat is the yellow outlined glove as it is unknown where the bomb will travel next. While children play the game, Crowley’s team measures their brain activity using electroencephalography (EEG). The researchers have discovered that in kids with anxiety, the brain reacts more strongly to ambiguous threats than it does in their peers, but less strongly to direct threats. They believe that the initial abnormally large brain response to not knowing where the bomb is going impairs the brain's ability to properly respond when the threat is actually traveling the child’s way. “The brains of children with anxiety are unable to differentiate between threats you need to do something about and those that are not your problem.” Michael Crowley, PhD, develops innovative games for studying anxiety in children and adolescents.Credit: Matt Bradbury Based on these insights, Crowley hopes to study whether interventions like attention training could restore appropriate threat processing. Crowley’s team is also working on a test called the Balloon Risk Avoidance Task, which evaluates risk-taking and avoidance behaviors. It features a digital balloon that is full of air and about to burst. Kids have six seconds to let air out of the balloon. The more air they let out, the less risk they face that the balloon will pop. But at the same time, the balloon becomes less valuable as it deflates. “The more air you keep in the balloon, the more points you get,” Crowley explains. So far, the researchers have found that when the balloons pop unexpectedly, teens with social anxiety show distinct brain responses. Studying these responses can help psychologists understand the underlying pathways driving the various manifestations of anxiety. The genetics of anxiety When Thomas Fernandez, MD, associate professor in the Child Study Center and of psychiatry, was still in training, there was a lot of excitement about understanding the genetics associated with autism spectrum disorder. Since then, scientists have identified around 250 genes associated with autism. The genetic contribution to anxiety disorders, on the other hand, has historically received less attention. Anxiety is less heritable than autism, but the genetic contribution for anxiety disorders that emerge in childhood may be higher than for anxiety disorders overall. While scientists estimate the heritability of anxiety disorders in general to be around 30% to 50%, some studies suggest higher heritability for certain childhood-onset anxiety presentations. “I saw firsthand how researchers in the field went about finding vulnerability genes for autism,” Fernandez says. “So, we’re using a very similar playbook for childhood anxiety.” “I saw firsthand how researchers in the field went about finding vulnerability genes for autism. So, we’re using a very similar playbook for childhood anxiety.” Thomas Fernandez, MD Associate Professor In the Child Study Center and in Psychiatry Now, Fernandez and Emily Olfson, MD, PhD, assistant professor in the Child Study Center, are studying children and their parents to identify genetic changes that are present in the child but not the parents, known as “de novo mutations.” “All of us have some de novo mutations—maybe about 50 to 100 sprinkled throughout the genome,” Olfson says. “But when they occur within the coding regions of genes, they can be really disruptive.” Previous research shows that people with autism have higher rates of damaging de novo mutations than the general population. In 2022, Olfson, Lebowitz, Silverman, and Fernandez published a study on 68 children and their families that found that children with anxiety had similarly high levels of these mutations. Studying de novo mutations can help point the researchers to where they should be looking for genes associated with anxiety. “The end game is using the genes to steer us toward the right part of biology that we can then target to come up with better treatments,” Fernandez says. Building on those findings, the team is now studying more families to better understand how these de novo mutations, along with other genetic and environmental factors, shape pediatric anxiety disorders. They recently received a National Institutes of Health grant to enroll 750 new families over the next five years. Olfson is the principal investigator, with co-investigators Lebowitz, Fernandez, Silverman, and Shuangge Steven Ma, PhD, department chair and professor of biostatistics at Yale School of Public Health. Neurodevelopment, Risk Genes, and Mental Health Conditions - The Olfson Lab Joel Gelernter, MD, Foundations Fund Professor of Psychiatry, is interested in how different anxiety disorders differ genomically. “We are studying social phobia, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder, working to understand why people differ in their risk to these specific anxiety disorders and evaluating various risk factors,” he says. Gelernter was recently involved in one of the largest studies to date of the genomics underlying anxiety disorder. The study included around 122,000 people with anxiety disorders and around 730,000 without. It found that some genetic differences associated with anxiety were linked to signaling that helps reduce overactivity in the nervous system. Many anxiety medications available today work by targeting this process. “It’s nice when the biology that you get out of a large genome-wide study ratifies things that we already know because that can help increase confidence in further findings from the study,” Gelernter says. Uncovering the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders John Krystal, MD, Robert L. McNeil, Jr. Professor of Translational Research and chair of the Department of Psychiatry, is interested in the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), of which anxiety is a major symptom. In the late 1980s, Krystal’s team discovered that the drug yohimbine activated symptoms in patients with PTSD. “This was the first time we could link a specific biological mechanism to the symptoms of PTSD,” Krystal says. At the time, he adds, this finding was highly controversial. “A lot of people felt that PTSD was a purely psychological syndrome that didn’t have an underlying biology.” Since then, Krystal has dived deep into understanding the neurobiology of PTSD to learn how to better treat it. His team is evaluating the use of ketamine and psychedelics. These would be among the first treatments to be developed specifically for PTSD. They may also be applicable for other disorders including anxiety disorders, Krystal adds. An important gap in PTSD treatment is the absence of biological tests that inform how to best help patients manage their PTSD symptoms. A doctor doesn’t diagnose cancer based on how they feel. Rather, they use tests of the biology of the cancer to determine the best course of treatment. “And we can’t do that in any psychiatric disorder other than Alzheimer’s disease,” Krystal says. “But now we are building a foundation for this approach to the treatment of anxiety disorders for the first time.” Source: Yale School of Medicine
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