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Communist Party Politics, Rockets and Komsomol Business in Soviet Dnipropetrovsk

This is an excerpt from Ukraine’s Outpost: Dnipropetrovsk and the Russian-Ukrainian War (2022). Free to download from E-International Relations. The Ukrainian city of Dnipropetrovsk (in 2016 the city was renamed Dnipro) was shown on a movie screen in the Soviet Union for the first time in 1981 as a ‘Russian-speaking’ city in Nikita Mikhalkov’s feature film Rodnia. A story of a Russian peasant woman who visited her daughter in the big industrial city was used by Mikhalkov in his movie to emphasise a growing crisis in Soviet family life during the Brezhnev era when former Russian peasants lost their Orthodox Christian identity during the process of socialist industrialisation and modernisation. Paradoxically, Mikhalkov completely ignored the real social and national problems of the city; instead choosing as the setting for his movie Russian peasants’ adjustment to Soviet modernisation. Even now many Russians use this film as evidence of the ‘Russian character’ of Dnipropetrovsk ignoring the real demographic and social history of this Ukrainian region (Elberg-Wilson 2016).[1] Despite Mikhalkov’s picture, the city of Dnipro and the Dnipropetrovsk region had a multi-national and multi-cultural character coupled with the strong influence of Ukrainian and Jewish culture. Get E-International Relations delivered to your inbox, free. As you sign up, consider becoming a paid subscriber, or make a donation, to support our work. Subscribe Using various archival and published documents, this chapter will cover the social, economic and cultural development of the city and the region of Dnipropetrovsk through the period of late socialism after Stalin, showing the ties between the multi-national Komsomol members and business ventures during perestroika and how this influenced the rise of oligarchic clans in post-Soviet Ukraine. Emergence of Soviet Dnipropetrovsk Paradoxically, from the early beginning, the founding of the ‘city of Catherine’s glory’ (Ekaterinoslav in Russian) and its province in 1776 by the Russian imperial administration of the Catherine the Second involved non-Russian ethnic groups, which shaped a historical demography of this region in Southern Ukraine. These ethnic groups included the local Ukrainian Orthodox Christian peasants and Cossacks, Jewish traders and artisans, Armenian Christians, and Tatar Muslim settlers. By the middle of the nineteenth century, thousands of German Protestant and Mennonite colonists also settled in the province. Moreover, by attracting foreign capital, the Russian imperial administration transformed this multi-ethnic and multi-religious region in the booming industrial centre of the Russian Empire by the beginning of twentieth century (Zhuk 2004, 33–96). After the Russian Revolution and civil war, the province of Ekaterinoslav continued to play an important role in the industrial development of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1926 the Soviet administration decided to change the name of Ekaterinoslav which sounded too ‘old fashioned’ and ‘imperial Russian.’ The new name was a combination of the name of the Dnipro River with the last name of Grigorii Petrovskii, head of the All-Ukrainian Executive Committee of the Soviets, and well-known organiser of the working-class movement in the region of Ekaterinoslav before the Revolution. ‘Dnipro-Petrovske’ was later transformed into ‘Dnipropetrovsk’ (Bolebrukh 2001, 156). Both the city and region of Dnipropetrovsk lived through the New Economic Policy (N.E.P.), industrialisation and the Stakhanovite movement. The region lost millions of human lives during collectivisation and the dekulakisation campaign, and especially during the Holodomor of 1932–33. During industrialisation, the Soviet government restored the industrial base of the region. Former metallurgical giants such as the Petrovskii (formerly Brianskii)plant, the Chodoir (formerly Vladimir Lenin) plant and others resumed production of pig iron and steel. During the 1930s, Dnipropetrovsk became an important centre for Soviet heavy industry. In 1932, Dnipropetrovsk regional metallurgical plants produced 20 per cent of the entire cast iron and 25 per cent of the steel manufactured in the Soviet Ukrainian Republic. After the beginning of the campaign of ‘Ukrainianisation’ in 1923, the number of those who spoke Ukrainian grew, reaching 38.5 per cent in the city by the end of the 1920s. Between 1932 and 1939, the number of city dwellers in Dnipropetrovsk increased to over 500,662. The Dnipropetrovsk region became the most urbanised of Soviet Ukraine with more than 2,273,000 people living in the region (Vasiliev 1977, 55; Bolebrukh 2001, 159–164). Dnipropetrovsk also became the cultural and educational centre of Soviet Ukraine. There were ten colleges, including the State University, 97 secondary schools and 19 vocational schools. The Soviet administration restored local drama and music theatres. During the 1930s, Dnipropetrovsk had 120 libraries, five museums, six movie-theatres, 30 clubs and palaces of culture (Bolebrukh 2001_,_159–164). The Leonid Brezhnev Clan Post-war Soviet modernisation influenced the careers of many young and ambitious Komsomol members in the region. One of them, Leonid Brezhnev, was born in 1906 in Kamenskoe, joined the Kommunystycheskaya Partyya Sovetskoho Soyuza (Communist party of the Soviet Union - KPSS) in 1931 and, after graduation from Dniprodzerzhinsk Metallurgical Institute was elected as a council deputy of the city of Dniprodzerzhinsk. The Stalinist purges of the 1930s removed many old Soviet and Communist officials from government positions who perished in prisons and the labour camps of GULAG. Young people such as Brezhnev filled the void created by Stalinist repressions in the region. In 1938, the young Brezhnev was elected as a member of the regional committee of the Soviet Communist party of Ukraine (KPU) and head of the Department of Agitation and Propaganda. By the young age of 32, Brezhnev had become secretary of the KPU committee of the most important industrial region of Soviet Ukraine. His career was interrupted by the Great Patriotic War when Brezhnev joined the army as an ideological officer (see Mlechin 2005). From August 1941 to October 1943, the Dnipropetrovsk region was occupied by the Nazis, and Soviet troops liberated the entire region by February 1944 (Berkhoff 2004, 11, 36, 49, 149–150, 152–153, 248–249). The Soviet administration restored the industrial base of Dnipropetrovsk, and by 1950 the main metallurgical and machine-building factories had reached their pre-war levels of industrial production and productivity. During this period, Brezhnev began his political career as a talented and ambitious organizer of the industrial re-birth of Dnipropetrovsk. He was an experienced young army ideologist who had proved his loyalty to the Stalinist leadership during the war and was familiar with Dnipropetrovsk before 1941. The Central Committee of the KPSS sent Brezhnev to Dnipropetrovsk in November 1947 when he was elected first secretary of the Dnipropetrovsk regional committee of the KPU, and he ruled the oblast until June 1950 (Vosstanovlenie). His successors were Andrei Kirilenko and Volodymyr Shcherbitskyy, both close friends. Two other young comrades of Brezhnev, Oleksiy Vatchenko and Yevhen Kachalovskii led the region respectively in 1965–1976 and 1976–1983 (Vasiliev 1977, 72; Bolebrukh 2001_,_ 233; Mlechin 2005). Brezhnev promoted the political career of his old friends, many of whom became prominent political figures in Kyiv and Moscow during his leadership of the KPSS. Both contemporaries and scholars who study the ‘Brezhnev period’ call this phenomenon the ‘Dnipropetrovsk mafia’ or rule of the ‘Dnipropetrovsk Family’ (Nahaylo 1999, 36, 69; Wilson 2000, 162). Since the rise of Brezhnev to the pinnacle of Soviet power, the ruling elites of Dnipropetrovsk influenced not only regional, but also republican and All-Union politics. Dnipropetrovsk’s transformation into an important centre of the Soviet military industrial complex was directly related to the sudden rise of Brezhnev to the pinnacle of Soviet power in October of 1964. Brezhnev promoted the political career of his compatriots from the Dnipropetrovsk military industrial complex. Brezhnev’s friends and close colleagues from his post-war years in the Dnipropetrovsk region went to Moscow and became prominent political figures in the Soviet nomenklatura hierarchy during the 1960s and 1970s. Two main industries of the Soviet military industrial complex – metallurgy and missile-building – had important factories in Dnipropetrovsk and therefore provided the Brezhnev clan with new members from 1964 until 1982. Even after the downfall of the Brezhnev clan in Moscow in 1983, when Yurii Andropov began his struggle ‘against corruption and nepotism’ in the Soviet nomenklatura, members of this clan continued to play a prominent role in the political life of Soviet Ukraine. Besides the Physical-Technical Department of Dnipropetrovsk State University, the Dnipropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute also assisted the political careers of many of Brezhnev’s close friends who in the 1970s and 1980s became important members of the Kremlin nomenklatura. Nikolai Tikhonov, former head of Dnipropetrovsk Sovnarkhoz during the 1950s, was one of the deputies of the Soviet Prime Minister between 1966 and 1976, First Deputy of the Prime Minister from 1976 to 1980 and head of the USSR Council of Ministers from 1980 to 1985.[2] Nikolai Shcholokov was the Soviet Minister of Public Order in 1966–1968 and from 1968 to 1982 he was Soviet Minister of Interior. Georgii Tsynev was during 1971–1976 a member of the Central Revision Committee of the KPSS and a deputy head of the KGB from 1970 to 1982. In the KGB he was the 1st Deputy Chairman in 1982–1985 as well as he was a Candidate Member of CPSU Central Committee in 1976–1981 and accordingly was a full Member of the said body in 1981–1986. Victor Chebrikov, who graduated from Dnipropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute in 1950, was one of the leaders of the city party organisation in Dnipropetrovsk from 1961 to 1971. In 1971 he became the head of the personnel department of the USSR KGB, First Deputy of the Head of this organization and from 1982 to 1988 a chairman of the KGB (Pikhovshek 1996, 11–12, 272–274). Another of Brezhnev’s close friends, Volodymyr Shcherbytskyy, promoted the careers of other people from the region of Dnipropetrovsk. With his support, Oleksii Vatchenko became the head of the Presidium of the Ukrainian Soviet Supreme Soviet from 1976 until 1984 with the assistance of another politician from Dnipropetrovsk, Valentyna Shevchenko. Aleksandr Kapto, who worked as a secretary of both the Dnipropetrovsk Komsomol organization and the Soviet Ukrainian Komsomol in Kyiv in the 1960s, oversaw the Department of Culture in the Central Committee of the KPU; in 1979–1986 he was a Secretary of the Central Committee and accordingly was the main ideologist of the Soviet Ukraine. Many other members of the ‘Kyiv ruling class’ under Shcherbytskyy were also linked to the Dnipropetrovsk metallurgical and military lobby. Shcherbytskyy’s assistant from 1972 to 1984 was Konstantin Prodan who began his career in the Komsomol organisation of the city of Dnipropetrovsk (Pikhovshek 1996, 48–103). As a contemporary political analyst noted, ‘Officially Prodan was put in charge of industrial production, though, according to insiders of the former KPU Central Committee, his principal function was ‘maintaining’ contact with Brezhnev’s assistant Georgii Tsukanov in Moscow’ (Pikhovshek 1996, 33–34). Another important reason for the rise of the ‘Brezhnev Clan’ was the relative independence of Dnipropetrovsk’s local administration from Kyiv. Because of the status of Dnipropetrovsk as a ‘strategically important centre for military industry,’ different branches of the local administration were under the direct supervision of Moscow, rather than Kyiv (Interviews with Tihipko, Markov and Bocharova). The Military Industrial Complex and Ruling Elite of Dnipropetrovsk The city of Dnipropetrovsk was the location of famous metallurgical and machine-building factories in pre-revolutionary Russia and the Soviet Union. Before 1941, Dnipropetrovsk became the most urbanised region of the Soviet Ukraine. Almost 53 per cent of this region’s population lived in 16 cities and towns of the region (Vasiliev 1977, 55; Bolebrukh 2001, 159–164). In 1980, the industrial enterprises of Dnipropetrovsk manufactured a significant part of the industrial products and customer goods for the Soviet Ukrainian Republic. A total of 5.4 per cent of steel, 9 per cent of rolled iron, 28 per cent of pipes, 62 per cent of combine beet-harvesters, 27.9 per cent of television sets, and 8.5 per cent of knitted wear in Ukraine were produced in the city of Dnipropetrovsk (Bolebrukh 2001, 219). After 1945, the main centre of economic and financial activities of the region and the city of Dnipropetrovsk became neither metallurgy nor mining. The new centre which changed the status of the region and of the city was a secret military factory in Dnipropetrovsk. The entire ideological and cultural situation in the region, and especially the city, depended on this one industrial plant which became the most important part of the Soviet military industrial complex. In July 1944, the State Committee of Defence in Moscow decided to build a large military machine-building factory in Dnipropetrovsk on the location of the pre-war aircraft plant. In December 1945, thousands of German prisoners of war began construction and built the first sections and shops of the new Dnipropetrovsk Automobile Factory (Markov, 1995). In 1947–1948 this factory produced its first cars and special military vehicles. However, on 9 May 1951 the USSR Council of Ministers decided to transform the main shops and sectors of this factory into ‘secret production’ which included not only special military vehicles, but also powerful rocket engines and different types of modern military aircraft. The former Dnipropetrovsk Automobile Factory was transferred to the Ministry of Armament of the USSR and received a new name – the State Union Plant #586 (Lukanov 1996, 12). Stalin introduced the organisation of special secret training of highly qualified engineers and scientists who were to become rocket construction specialists. He recommended the introduction of a new college degree at Dnipropetrovsk State University which would be a Master of Sciences in rocket construction. In 1952 the university administration formed a new department with the name ‘physical-technical faculty’ which was the largest department at the university, admitting on average four hundred students each year. These students received better accommodation and a higher stipend payment than students from other departments and colleges; the lowest stipend for this department was 450 roubles, while the highest stipend at another prestigious school, the Dnipropetrovsk Medical Institute, was only 180 roubles. A special commission from Moscow selected talented undergraduate students studying physics from engineering schools all over the USSR and sent them to the physical-technical department at Dnipropetrovsk State University, where they resumed their studies as rocket engineers. Simultaneously, the university administration announced the admission of new freshmen students in this department. The promise of a good stipend and a ‘romantic’ career of rocket engineer attracted thousands of talented young people to this ‘secret’ department, which provided training specialists for only the Dnipropetrovsk Automobile Factory (Horbulin 1998, 9, 62–63). In accordance with another decision of the Soviet government, in 1954 the administration of this automobile factory opened a secret design office with the name ‘Southern Construction Bureau’ (konstruktorskoe biuro Yuzhnoe). The main assignment of this office was to construct military missiles and rocket engines. Hundreds of talented physicists, engineers and machine designers moved from Moscow and other big cities in the Soviet Union to Dnipropetrovsk where they joined the konstruktorskoe biuro Yuzhnoe (KBYu). In 1965, the secret Plant #586 was transferred to the Ministry of General Machine-Building of the USSR and the next year it changed its name into the ‘Southern Machine-building Factory’ (Yuzhnyi mashino-stroitelnyi zavod) or simply Yuzhmash (in Ukrainian Pivdenmash). The first ‘General Constructor’ and head of the ‘Southern’ design office was Mikhail Yangel, a prominent scientist and outstanding designer of space rockets who led the design office and factory from 1954 to 1971. Yangel designed the first powerful rockets and space military equipment for the Soviet Ministry of Defence. Yangel worked with talented engineers who later became the leaders of military production in Dnipropetrovsk and the official directors of Pivdenmash. Two close collaborators of Yangel were the Pivdenmash directors Leonid Smirnov (1952–1961) and Aleksandr Makarov (1961–1986). Makarov’s successor was Leonid Kuchma, the Director General of the Pivdenmash in 1986–1992, who later became one of the most prominent political leaders in independent Ukraine and was and still is the only President of Ukraine (1994–2005) elected twice (Strazheva; Platonov and Horbulin; Romanov and Gubarev; Baikonur; Baikonur, Korolev, Yangel). In 1951 the Southern Machine-building Factory began manufacturing and testing new military rockets with an initial range of only 270 kilometres. By 1959 Soviet scientists and engineers developed new technologies, and as a result, the KBYu launched a new machine-building project producing ballistic missiles. Under Yangel, KBYu produced very powerful rocket engines which dramatically increased the range of ballistic missiles and from the 1960s, began to be used as launch vehicles for Soviet spaceships. Pivdenmash designed and manufactured four generations of missile complexes which included space launch vehicles Kosmos, Interkosmos, Tsyklon-2, Tsyklon-3 and Zenith. The KBYu created a unique space-rocket system called Energia-Buran and manufactured 400 technical devices which were launched as artificial satellites (Sputniks). For the first time in the world space industry, the Dnipropetrovsk missile plant produced space Sputniks. By the 1980s, Pivdenmash manufactured 67 different types of spaceships, 12 space research complexes and four defence space rocket systems. These systems were used not only for purely military purposes by the Ministry of Defence, but also for astronomical research, for global radio and television and for environmental monitoring. Pivdenmash initiated and sponsored the international space programme of Eastern European socialist countries, called Interkosmos. Twenty-two of the 25 automatic space Sputniks of this programme were designed, manufactured, and launched by engineers and workers from Dnipropetrovsk. Pivdenmash and KBYu became not only an important centre of the Soviet space industry and Soviet military industrial complex, but also the main rocket producer for the entire Soviet bloc. (Hall and Shayler 2001, 316ff; Siddiqi 2003, 97, 113, 114, 164, 177, 285) The military rocket systems manufactured in Dnipropetrovsk created the base for the Soviet Strategic Missile Forces (Dnepropetrovskii raketno 1994; Bolebrukh 2001_,_ 209–211, 229; Lukanov 1996, 13). On the eve of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, KBYu had nine regular and corresponding members of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, 33 full professors and 290 scientists holding a Ph.D. More than 50,000 people worked at Pivdenmash. Pivdenmash was ‘a state’ inside the Soviet state. In 1969, after a long competition with Moscow’s V. Chelomei Centre of Rocket Construction, Pivdenmash rocket designs won, and from then leaders of the Soviet military industrial complex preferred only Pivdenmash models. The Soviet state provided billions of Soviet roubles to finance Pivdenmash projects (Horbulin 1998, 6, 24–31). Officially, Pivdenmash also manufactured agricultural tractors and special kitchen equipment for everyday needs, such as mincing machines or juicers for Soviet households. In official reports and public information there were no details given about its production of rockets or spaceships. However, hundreds of thousands of workers and engineers in the city of Dnipropetrovsk were employees of this plant, and members of their families and therefore most local people knew about the ‘real production’ of Pivdenmash. Dnipropetrovsk as a KGB “Testing Ground” The Soviet government approved the KGB’s proposal to introduce the highest level of secrecy over Pivdenmash and its products. According to the Soviet government’s decision, the city of Dnipropetrovsk was officially closed to foreign visitors in 1959. No citizen of a foreign country (even Eastern European socialist) was allowed to visit the city or district of Dnipropetrovsk. From the late 1950s, Soviet people called Dnipropetrovsk ‘the rocket city’ or ‘closed city.’ (Bolebrukh 2001, 211). Members of the Brezhnev clan in the Moscow offices of the KGB and Ministry of Interior also contributed to centralised ideological control in Dnipropetrovsk, which especially influenced the KGB and security operations in the closed city. The local KGB office was always more Moscow-oriented, ignoring the interests of the authorities in Kyiv. At the same time, for Moscow officials who began their careers in Dnipropetrovsk, the city became the testing ground for many All-Union KGB campaigns which they attempted to initiate. Dnipropetrovsk KGB officers were ‘pioneers’ in the organisation of ideological campaigns which became ‘models’ for other ‘closed’ industrial Soviet cities. [This phrase – ‘pioneers of ideological campaigns’ – belongs to a local retired KGB officer. According to the KGB documents, Moscow’s representatives in the Dnipropetrovsk clan always interfered in local KGB business, imposing their own practices on the local officers.] (Igor T.; DADO, f. 19, op. 52, spr. 72, ark. 1–18) As a result, the inhabitants of Dnipropetrovsk experienced more ideological limitations and more brutal anti-Western campaigns than people in many other Soviet cities. Facing direct Kremlin supervision, the local KGB and KPSS ideologists sought to prove their ideological reliability and occasionally exaggerated the ‘threat from the capitalist West.’ KGB officers transformed one building in the Dnipropetrovsk Special Psychiatric Hospital (psikhushka), located in a town of Ihren (now a suburban district of Dnipro), into a special police facility for ‘political dissidents.’ All over the Soviet Union, Ihren psikhushka (especially its Section 9) became notorious and known as the worst incarceration for political prisoners. The Dnipropetrovsk KGB tested various drugs on prisoners and performed different medical experiments, treating the most ‘opinionated’ political dissidents as mentally sick patients. Many religious and civil rights activists and ‘bourgeois nationalists,’ such as national communist dissident Leonid Plyushch, described the Dnipropetrovsk Psychiatric Hospital as ‘mental hell’ because of its police system of harsh treatment and everyday humiliation (Plyushch 1979, 304–326, 340–349). Meanwhile, local KGB officers explained their harsh treatment of dissidents such as Plyushch as an ideological necessity to protect a strategically important centre of the Soviet military industrial complex (Igor T). Growth of the Population and Standards of Living in the Region The new status of the city brought more state investments and contributed to the overall improvement of the standard of living of its inhabitants. During the 1950s, the main sponsor of city improvements and renovations was the metallurgical industry. During the 1960s and 1970s, the space rocket industry and its biggest factory, Pivdenmash, sponsored all major city programmes, renovations and new architectural projects which included the sports palace Meteor with a large indoor pool, football team Dnipro, city airport, city theatre of opera and ballet, historical museum of Yavornitskii, department store ‘Children’s World,’ construction of thousands of modern apartments, libraries and movie-theatres, and celebrations of the 200th anniversary of the city of Dnipropetrovsk in 1976. (Bolebrukh 2001_,_ 211–212). Even the expansion and renovation of the Dnipropetrovsk Central Farmer Market (known as Oziorka) was supported by Pivdenmash as part of its improvement of the city’s life, and a reflection of the growth and strategic importance of the city. From 1958 to 1965 the city administration invested money in building a new covered location for the market and by 1970 they had re-built the entire neighbourhood transforming it into a modern and convenient place for the ‘socialist consumption of goods and services.’ (Lazebnik 2001, 167–185) As a result, the missile factory, the centre of the Soviet military industrial complex, contributed to a new level of cultural consumption among not only the city’s dwellers, but also among all guests of Dnipropetrovsk. Consequently, the pioneering efforts in the popularisation of new modern forms of Western music such as jazz and rock-n-roll also began among engineers and workers of Pivdenmash who contributed to the spread of new cultural forms and activities among those who lived in the city and region of Dnipropetrovsk. The improving living conditions in Dnipropetrovsk led to an increase of the regional population from 2,339,800 people (with a 56 per cent urban population) in 1951 to 2,850,700 (with a 72 per cent urban population) in 1961. The larger salaries and better distribution of food and industrial goods also attracted young people from other regions of the Soviet Union to Dnipropetrovsk. From the 1950s onward, most of the Dnipropetrovsk population were people younger than 30 years old. In 1970 there were 3,343,000 people in the region (76 per cent of who lived in cities) which by 1984 had increased to 3,771,200 people (with 83 per cent urban population). The population of the city of Dnipropetrovsk grew from 660,800 people in 1959 to 1,066,000 in 1979 and more than 1,153,400 people in 1985 when Gorbachev came to power (Glushkina 1985, 10, 11). The Dnipropetrovsk region had a young multinational, predominantly Russian speaking population. Three major ethnic groups shaped the cultural development of the region – Ukrainians, Russians, and Jews. During the peak of ‘international harmony and prosperity of developed socialism’ in 1979, Ukrainians made up the overwhelming majority of the regional (72.8 per cent) and urban (68.5 per cent) population. Due to massive emigration from the Soviet Union, the Jewish population decreased from 2.7 per cent in 1959 to 1.7 per cent in 1979 and 1.3 per cent in 1989. The number of Russians in the region’s population grew rapidly from 17.2 per cent in 1959, 20.9 per cent in 1970, 23 per cent in 1979 and 24.2 per cent in 1989 (O vozrastnoi structure 1971; Goskomstat USSR 1991, 100, 102). By 1985, more than a third of the population in the city of Dnipropetrovsk was ethnically Russian. If we add to this number the 3.2 per cent of Russian-speaking Jews and more than 33 per cent of Ukrainians who considered Russian their native language, we will have more than two thirds of the city’s population who associated themselves with Russian rather than with Ukrainian culture. According to contemporaries, the high salaries and better conditions of living attracted representatives of various nationalities from different republics who also spoke Russian rather than the Ukrainian language in Dnipropetrovsk (Goskomstat USSR 1991, 106, 108, 119, 122; Prudchenko and Smolenska 2007). Komsomol ‘Business’ During the Late Soviet Era The regional economic activities of local ‘businessmen and women’ from the Komsomol during perestroika had their roots in the pre-perestroika era. They also strengthened trends for independence from Moscow which had earlier existed in Dnipropetrovsk. All the elements of their initial business had already been developed during the Brezhnev era when the cultural consumption of late socialism combined the structures of Soviet international tourism with the ideological efforts of Komsomol activists into one business network. Mass rock and discotheque music consumption among Soviet youth was delivered by Komsomol and trade union apparatchiks. International tourism and discotheque enthusiasts provided these apparatchiks with music and video material for their entertainment business. Without these relations it would be impossible to imagine the development of post-Soviet capitalism. The first pioneers of organizing Komsomol business in the region were two graduates of Dnipropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute, the Ukrainian-Moldovan Sergiy Tihipko, the First Secretary of the Dnipropetrovsk Komsomol regional organization in 1986–91, and the Ukrainian Oleksandr Turchynov, who worked with Tihipko as head of the agitation and propaganda division in the same Komsomol regional organisation in 1987–90. Tihipko and Turchynov initiated and ‘ideologically justified’ the first Komsomol businesses in the region. Two other Komsomol members, who also graduated from the same institute as Tihipko and Turchynov, Kolomoyskyy and Viktor Pinchuk, both of Jewish origin, started their careers not in the official Komsomol business, but on the black market of Dnipropetrovsk, trading various goods, and using their financial and engineering skills for their own survival in the conditions of economic collapse of late socialism. Kolomoyskyy used his financial skills and connections with Tihipko to organize its own financial corporation Privatbank, which became the most successful bank in post-Soviet Ukraine. Pinchuk, using his engineering and managerial skills, founded his own metallurgical venture, entitled Interpipe Company. It is noteworthy that all four of those Komsomol members, two Ukrainian and two Jewish, used their personal connections through their friends and partners from Pivdenmash, including through its last director Leonid Kuchma, to start their first businesses in Dnipropetrovsk (see Golovko 2012). In the mid-1980s, when perestroika created favourable conditions for the managerial skills of Komsomol activists, this system produced new activities for cultural consumption, such as video salons which brought their organisers more profits than traditional discotheque clubs. The video business used the same infrastructure and network of the discotheque movement; namely international tourism, Komsomol activists, trade union leaders and the ‘discotheque mafia.’ This network contributed to the business career of two fans of Western popular music, Yulia Tymoshenko and her husband, Oleksandr (Popov, Milshtein, 55; Ponamarchuk). Yulia Grigian (Telegina) was the daughter of Armenian taxi-driver Grigian and Russian technical worker Telegina, a fan of British rock music. Yulia Grigian married Oleksandr Tymoshenko, son of a member of the city KPU committee in the Pivdenmash administration. In 1978, Yulia Tymoshenko joined the student Komsomol organization in the Department of Economy at Dnipropetrovsk State University. This department was opened on the initiative of the Pivdenmash administration in 1977 to provide training for qualified economists in Dnipropetrovsk’s growing military industrial complex. Yulia Tymoshenko graduated with honours from the Department of Economy in 1984 and began her first job as an engineer-economist through the connections of her father-in-law, Hennadii Tymoshenko. For five years, she worked at the Lenin machine building plant, another factory which belonged to the Soviet military industrial complex. In 1979, she gave birth to her daughter Yevhenia, and until 1988 she and her husband enjoyed a typical Soviet upper-middle class life in their one-bedroom cooperative apartment. They continued to watch movies, listen to Western pop music, and occasionally visited and danced in well-known discotheque clubs in downtown Dnipropetrovsk (Popov and Milshtein 2006, 64–67; Suvorov 1991). Perestroika changed the young Tymoshenko family. Hennadii Tymoshenko recommended his son and daughter-in-law to join the co-operative movement and promised his support through the city’s KPU and Soviet administration. In 1988, the young Tymoshenkos used their old connections in the Komsomol discothèque world to open a public service enterprise, a video-rental shop in Dnipropetrovsk, with 5,000 borrowed Soviet roubles. The profits made from this first venture were used to open a chain of video rental stores. They used the experience of Komsomol apparatchiks, who brought their first VCRs in Dnipropetrovsk through Sputnik. Contacts in the discotheque movement helped provide these apparatchiks with Western video tapes and an audience which was ready to consume new Western cultural products. Former discotheque enthusiasts tested these new business practices and proposed the idea of video salons, which had already become the most popular and fashionable form of entertainment Moscow and the three Baltic republics. As a result, during perestroika both the Komsomol and ‘discotheque mafia’ provided infrastructure for these salons in Dnipropetrovsk. When in 1987the KGB opened the city of Dnipropetrovsk to foreigners, Pivdenmash imported thousands of VCRs using barter agreements with South Korean businessmen. As a regional KPU apparatchik who oversaw the distribution of movies throughout the Dnipropetrovsk region (kinoprokat), Yulia Tymoshenko’s father-in-law had access not only to these Korean VCRs but also to local movie theatres which provided the first mass audience for video films. The main base of a Tymoshenko’s ‘video enterprise’ was the location of the former central Komsomol discotheque club of Dnipropetrovsk oblast– the Student Palace in the Taras Shevchenko Park of Culture and Relaxation in downtown Dnipropetrovsk (Popov and Milshtein 2006, 52–89; Ponamarchuk 2007). In 1989, she quit her old engineer-economist job and became the head of the Terminal co-operative. The same year, another participant in the ‘discotheque mafia,’ Serhiy Tihipko, was elected as the first secretary of the Komsomol organization of Dnipropetrovsk oblast. He not only supported Tymoshenko’s enterprise, but also brought his additional discotheque and Sputnik connections into Terminal. In this way, discotheque activists and Komsomol apparatchiks contributed to the growth and popularity of Tymoshenko’s business (Tihipko). In 1991 after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and Soviet state tourism, the representatives of the Brezhnev era Komsomol elite, such as Tymoshenko demonstrated again that a skilful adjustment of this network to the new economic situation was an important foundation for success in post-Soviet business activities. The initial capital of Terminal, the music and video Komsomol enterprise which Tymoshenko had launched during ‘the discotheque era’ of late socialism, became the foundation of her business and political career in post-Soviet Ukraine. Epilogue: Dnipropetrovsk Komsomol Entrepreneurs and the Formation of Post-Soviet Oligarchs Political corruption in the post-Soviet geopolitical space is rooted in cultural consumption during the Brezhnev era, especially in the so-called ‘discotheque effect’ on society during the era of ‘mature socialism.’ During this period of late socialism in the USSR, millions of Soviet young people, loyal members of Komsomol, fell in love with the catchy sound of ‘beat music’ by the Beatles and hard rock by Deep Purple. Even ten years after dissolution of the Soviet Union, the post-Soviet space was ruled by former Soviet hard rock fans, representatives of the so-called ‘Deep Purple generation,’ new post-Soviet politicians, such as Russian Prime-Minister Dmitri Medvedev, twice Ukrainian Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko, President Petro Poroshenko and former Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili. Paradoxically, détente in the 1970s led to the influx of Western cultural products into the USSR, such as popular music and feature films. As a result, Soviet ideologists, including the Komsomol, attempted to control Soviet consumption of cultural products from the West using ‘Komsomol discothèques’ where Soviet young people could dance to ‘ideologically permitted’ Soviet and Western music. Contemporaries called these organizers ‘disco mafia’ in the industrial cities of Eastern Ukraine. By the end of perestroika in 1991, more than 100 Komsomol businesses had emerged in industrial cities in Eastern Soviet Ukraine, of which more than ninety originated in the city of Dnipropetrovsk (Zhuk 2010, 301). Only a few of the most successful enterprises survived post-Soviet competition during the 1990s and created ‘new business corporations’ such as Yulia Tymoshenko’s ‘Gas Empire,’ Kolomoyskyy’s and Tihipko’s Privatbank, Aleksandr Balashov’s ‘Trade Corporation’ and Rinat Akhmetov’s Liuks. The overwhelming majority of these post-Soviet successful businesses were organised by or directly connected to the ‘disco mafia.’ At the same time, the first Dnipropetrovsk ‘capitalists’ demonstrated a wide range of ethnic backgrounds, from the Ukrainian Tihipko, Armenian-Russian Tymoshenko, Russian Balashov and Jewish Kolomoyskyy contributing to the multi-national identity of the city of Dnipropetrovsk and Dnipro. Some contemporaries noted how the business activities of Komsomol ‘entrepreneurs’ in the 1980s contributed to regional identity in Eastern Ukraine. Many of these ‘entrepreneurs’ who were not ethnic Ukrainians became active participants in the Ukrainian independence movement in 1988–1991 to protect their regional business interests rather than defending Ukrainian culture and language. In the 1990s, former members of the Soviet ‘discotheque mafia’ and their former KPU supervisors became an integral part of the business and political life of independent Ukraine. As leaders of oligarchic clans in Ukraine they have resisted Russian expansion into their ‘spheres of influence.’ The case of Volodymyr Zelenskyy, elected in April 2019, whose entire career was generated inside the Soviet-based system of television entertainment, continues to demonstrate the connection between ‘post-Komsomol‘ business and political careers. Zelenskyy began his acting career in 95-yi Kvartal, which was a reference to a neighbourhood in Kryvyy Rih, where he had grown up and was inspired by the 1960s Soviet television show KVN. As we see, the Dnipropetrovsk and Dnipro elites, who are still rooted in their Soviet past, play a significant role in the development of independent Ukraine. References Berkhoff, Karel C., (2004). Harvest of Despair: Life and Death in Ukraine under Nazi Rule. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Bolebrukh, Anatolii G. et al., eds., (2001). Dnipropetrovsk: vikhy istorii. Dnipropetrovsk: Grani. Derzhavnyy arkhiv Dnipropetrovskoyi oblasti (hereafter – DADO), f. 19, op. 52, spr. 72. Dnepropetrovskii raketno-kosmicheskii tsentr: Kratkii ocherk stanovlenia i razvitia. (1994). DAZ-YuMZ-KBYu: Khronika dat i sobytii. Dnipropetrovsk: YUMZ. Glushkina, Liudmila G. ed. (1985). Tsentral’noe Statisticheskoe Upravlenie Dnepropetrovskoi oblasti. Dnepropetrovshchina v tsifrakh. (K 40-letiu pobedy v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine). Dnipropetrovsk: Gosstat. Golovko, Volodymyr. (2012). Ukrainski finasovo-promyslovi grupy v modernizatsiinykh protsesakh 1991-2009. Kyiv: Instytut istorii Ukrainy NAN Ukrainy. Goskomstat USSR. Dnepropetrovskoe oblatnoe upravlenie statistiki. (1991). Naselenie Dnepropetrovskoi oblasti po dannym Vsesoiuznoi perepisi naseleniia 1989 goda. Dnepropetrovsk: Gosstat. Hall, Rex, Shayler, David J. (2001). The Rocket Men: Vostok and Voskhod, the First Soviet Manned Spaceflights. Chichester, NJ: Springer. Horbulin, Volodymyr P. et al. eds. (1998). Zemni shlyakhy i zoryani orbity. Shtrykhy do portreta Leonida Kuchmy. Kyiv: DrUk. Kuznetskii, Mikhail I., Stazheva, Irina V. eds. (1995). Baikonur – chudo XX veka: Vospominania vevteranov Baikonura ob akademike Mikhaile Kuzmiche Yangele. Moscow: Kosmos. Kuznetskii, Mikhail I. ed. (1997). Baikonur, Korolev, Yangel. Voronezh: Kosmos. Lazebnik, Valentina I. (2001). G. A. Efimenko ed., Oziorka nasha: Istoricheskii ocherk o Dnepropetrovskom Tsentralnom rynke. Dnipropetrovsk: Grani. Lukanov, Yuriy. (1996). Tretii president: Politychnyi portret Leonida Kuchmy. Kyiv: Taki Spravy. Markov, Karlo A. (1995). Uchastie nemetskikh voennoplennykh i internirovannykh v vosstanovlenii narodnogo khoziaistva Dnepropetrovskoi oblastiv pervye polevoennye gody. Voprosy Germanskoi istorii: Ukrainsko-nemetskie sviazi v novoe i noveishee vremia. Mezhvuzovskii sbornik nauchnykh trudov, In: Svetlana Bobyliova, ed., Dnipropetrovsk: DDU, 158–172. Mlechin, Leonid M. (2005). Brezhnev. Moscow: Molodaia gvardia. Nahaylo, Bohdan. (1999). The Ukrainian Resurgence. Toronto: Hurst. O vozrastnoi structure, urovne obrazovania, natsional’nom sostave, iazykakh i istochnikakh sredstv sushchestvovania naselenia Dnepropetrovskoi oblasti po dannym Vsessoiuznoi perepisis naselenia na 15 ianvaria 1970 goda. (1971). Dneprovskaia Pravda, June 26. Pikhovshek, Vyacheslav, et al., eds. (1996). ‘Dnipropetrovska simya’: Informatsia stanom na 25 lystopada 1996 roku. Kyiv: Ukrainian Centre for Independent Political Research. Pikhovshek, Vyacheslav et al. Eds. (1996). Dnipropetrovsk vs. Security Service. Kyiv: Lybed. Platonov, Vitalii P. and Horbulin, Volodymyr.P. (1979). Mykhaylo K. Yangel. Kyiv: Nauka. Plyushch, Leonid. (1979). History’s Carnival: A Dissident’s Autobiography. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Ponamarchuk, Dmytro. (2007). Prosto Yulia. Izvestia, September 20. Popov, Dmitrii, and Milshtein, Ilia. (2006). Oranzhevaia printsessa. Zagadka Yulii Timoshenko. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo Ol’gi Morozovoi. Romanov, Aleksandr P., Gubarev, Vladimir S. (1989). Konstruktory. Moscow: Molodaia gvardia. Siddiqi, Asif A. (2003). Sputnik and the Soviet Space Challenge. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. Elberg-Wilson, Eliot. (2016). ‘Eduard Artem’iev and the Sonics of National Identity,’ Slovo, 28, 2: 2–25. Strazheva, Irina V. (1978). Tiulpany s kosmodroma. Moscow: Molodaia gvardia. Vasiliev, I. V. et al. eds. (1977). Istoria gorodov i siol Ukrainskoi SSR v 26-ti tomakh: Dnepropetrovskaia oblast. Kyiv: Glavnaia redaktsia Ukrainskoi Sovestskoi Entsiklopedii. Vosstanovlenie Pridneprovia (1946–1950). (1980). Dokumenty i materially. Kyiv: Nauka. Wilson, Andrew. (2000). The Ukrainians: Unexpected Nation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press Zhuk, Sergei. (2004). Russia’s Lost Reformation: Peasants, Millennialism and Radical Sects in Southern Russia and Ukraine, 1830–1917. Baltimore, MD & Washington D.C: Johns Hopkins University Press and Woodrow Wilson Centre Press. Zhuk, Sergei (2010). Rock and Roll in the Rocket City: The West, Identity, and Ideology in Soviet Dniepropetrovsk, 1960–1985. Baltimore, MD & Washington D.C: Johns Hopkins University Press and Woodrow Wilson Centre Press. **Interviews**Igor T., KGB officer, 15 May 1991, Dnipropetrovsk. Karlo A. Markov, 12 April 1992, Dnipropetrovsk State University. Mikhail Suvorov, 1 June 1991, Dnipropetrovsk. Natalia V. Bocharova, 15 March 1993, Dnipropetrovsk State University. Sergiy Tihipko, director of Privatbank in Dnipropetrovsk, 12 October 1993, Dnipropetrovsk. Yevhen D. Prudchenko and Halyna V. Smolenska, 18 July 2007, Central Library of Dnipropetrovsk oblast, Dnipropetrovsk. Notes [1] I used also numerous interviews conducted with my relatives, who are ethnic Ukrainians, but live in Moscow, Russia, who still support Russian President Vladimir Putin’s anti-Ukrainian politics. [2] Sovnarkhoz is abbreviated from Russian Sovet narodnogo khoziaistva, an economic department in the Soviet government during the early Stalin era and during Khrushchev’s reforms.

Nov 14 • 7:58 AM EST • Politics • e-ir.org

The Tricky Business of Managing Margins in Nursing Homes When Reimbursement Rates Fall Short

Nursing home operators face a complex, fragmented reimbursement landscape as we approach the end of 2026, with leaders having to juggle a growing list of

Nov 13 • 6:00 PM EST • Business • skillednursingnews.com

Spotfire 15.1 Brings AI Into the Flow of Industrial Investigations

The latest Spotfire innovation release introduces Ask Spotfire, reusable Skills, specialized Insight Agents, and MCP connectivity to accelerate interactive analysis, with expanded workflows for semiconductor and upstream energy analytics. FT. LAUDERDALE, Fla., Nov. 13, 2026 — Spotfire has announced the availability of Spotfire 15.1, the latest innovation release of the Spotfire platform, advancing AI-augmented investigations with […]

Nov 13 • 4:58 PM EST • Science • hpcwire.com

How Valley ROP prepares students to run real businesses

Valley ROP marked 55 years by showcasing nearly 20 student-run businesses in Sanger. Read how career training builds Central Valley workforce skills.

Nov 13 • 12:21 PM EST • Business • thebusinessjournal.com

Anthony Albanese’s coffee diplomacy can’t remove shadow of domestic politics at Cop31

The Australian prime minister’s use of traditional skills – and free flat whites – brought success in Turkey. But his country’s fossil fuel industry and its culture wars remain a problem

Nov 13 • 12:21 PM EST • Politics • theguardian.com

Grambling State University to Offer Bachelor's Degree in Public Health | The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education

“Public health plays an essential role in the health and well-being of our communities,” said Grambling State University President Martin Lemelle, Jr. “This new degree gives our students another opportunity to pursue careers in the health field while gaining the knowledge and skills needed to address issues affecting communities across Louisiana and beyond.”

Nov 13 • 11:18 AM EST • Health • jbhe.com

Cleveland Clinic Opens Teaching Kitchen and Food Pantry on Cleveland's East Side

New space expands access to nutrition education, healthy cooking skills and food resources at the Langston Hughes Community Health & Education Center

Nov 13 • 9:00 AM EST • Health • newsroom.clevelandclinic.org

AOA Scholar's Program

The University of Central Florida and AOA are connecting themed experience education with the professional skills needed to deliver attractions

Nov 13 • 8:22 AM EST • Entertainment • blooloop.com

The nation’s cartoonists on the week in politics

Every week political cartoonists throughout the country and across the political spectrum apply their ink-stained skills to capture the foibles, memes, hypocrisies and other head-slapping events in the world of politics. The fruits of these labors are hundreds of cartoons that entertain and enrage readers of all political stripes. Here's an offering of the best of this week's crop, picked fresh off the Toonosphere. Edited by Matt Wuerker.

Nov 13 • 12:00 AM EST • Politics • politico.com

Bookwaves/Artwaves - November 12, 2026: Mary Roach, America’s Funniest Science Author, Part Two, 2026

Mary Roach, whose latest book is "Replaceable You: Adventures in Human Anatomy," now out in paperback, in conversation with host Richard Wolinsky. Recorded by computer September 15, 2026. The author of several non-fiction works that examine specific areas of life that are rarely covered elsewhere, Mary Roach brings a sharp eye and excellent research skills to explain how things work, how they don’t work, and the various things that happen in between.

Nov 12 • 4:00 PM EST • Science • kpfa.org

Fong Introduces Bill to Strengthen Workforce Pipelines for American Scientists and Engineers

WASHINGTON, D.C. — Today, Congressmen Vince Fong (CA-20) and Suhas Subramanyam (VA-10) introduced the Promoting High-skilled Doctoral Talent (PHD Talent) Act of 2026, bipartisan legislation to build accelerated pathways that

Nov 12 • 12:13 PM EST • Science • desertnews.com

Weekly park visits boost children's mental health and social skills

Children who visit parks and playgrounds at least once a week may have better mental health and social development as they grow up.

Nov 11 • 11:42 PM EST • Health • news-medical.net

Opportunities at SWCTE: Family and Consumer Science teachers provide life skills

FACS teachers at SWCTE, such as Heather Blum, are providing useful life skills to students and preparing them to be self-sufficient.

Nov 11 • 2:13 PM EST • Science • thedickinsonpress.com

SOUTHWEST USA: Brick by Brick, Artisans Build a Business in Tucson

How the Southwest became a hotbed of skilled craftsmen with high-tech acumen.

Nov 11 • 9:47 AM EST • Business • siteselection.com

Military skills inspire success in business ventures

Originally known as “Armistice Day,” marking the official end of World War I in 1918 on the eleventh day of the eleventh month at the eleventh hour, Veterans Day was officially expanded in 1954 to honor American military personnel from all wars and periods of service. Of course, just one day of the year is […]

Nov 11 • 6:52 AM EST • Business • gazette.com

Brian Cashman Reveals Terrifying Truth About Ben Rice’s Defense

The New York Yankees are trying to configure a roster with many defensive flaws next season, and Ben Rice may have the toughest job. MLB fans witnessed Rice emerging into one of the elite hitters of last season, but he couldn’t play defense. Lackluster defensive skills saw the Yankees having Rice as the primary DH. […] The post Brian Cashman Reveals Terrifying Truth About Ben Rice’s Defense appeared first on HEAVY.

Nov 10 • 11:18 PM EST • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Veteran Business Project helps ex-military carry out new missions in their lives

Veteran Business Project, a Naperville-based charity, helps veterans develop skills so they can start or own a business.

Nov 10 • 7:30 PM EST • Business • chicagotribune.com

Science Stories: New Dwarf Planet, Mars Moon Mission and the Actual Sky of Van Gogh’s ‘Starry Night’

Radio Catskill's resident Science Guy Joe Johnson discusses stories that caught his eye.

Nov 10 • 1:07 PM EST • Science • radiocatskill.org

NH’s four-year schools adapt

New Hampshire’s public four-year colleges and universities are increasingly offering noncredit workforce-focused certificate programs, professional skills development and industry-specific courses, both on campus and online.

Nov 9 • 3:15 PM EST • Business • nhbr.com

Gen Z Wants to Own Businesses. The Skilled Trades May Be Their Starting Point

As Gen Z increasingly turns to blue-collar careers, businesses can attract and develop young talent by teaching practical skills.

Nov 9 • 10:00 AM EST • Business • inc.com

Jesse Eisenberg "experiments" with AI to make sure it's still bad at writing

Speaking to Variety, Jesse Eisenberg admitted he's "totally paranoid" about AI, so he's taken to testing its writing skills to reassure himself that human writers like himself aren't obsolete j...

Nov 8 • 4:32 PM EST • Entertainment • yahoo.com

Would you learn to lucid dream if you could?

Neuroscientists say people can be "trained" to recognize when they're dreaming — in other words, lucid dreaming may be an acquirable skill.

Nov 8 • 12:00 PM EST • Science • livescience.com

A family vacation abroad tested our Spanish speaking skills

My kids attend Spanish immersion school in the US., A family trip to Puerto Rico gave us a different kind of language lesson.

Nov 8 • 8:53 AM EST • Business • businessinsider.com

6 Startup Ideas for Gen Z That Turn Everyday Skills Into Real Businesses

These startup ideas offer ways to test demand, develop recurring revenue, and build on skills younger founders already have.

Nov 8 • 6:00 AM EST • Business • inc.com

5 Essential Entrepreneurial Skills for Business Owners to Achieve Lasting Success

Discover five crucial entrepreneurial skills you need to succeed and stay competitive in today’s business environment.

Nov 7 • 7:00 AM EST • Business • investopedia.com

Sanger High students launch custom manufacturing business through Valley ROP

A group of Sanger High School seniors is turning classroom skills into real-world experience through a student-run business that designs and manufactures custom products.

Nov 6 • 9:37 PM EST • Business • abc30.com

Quincy University students to complete in business pitch contest

QUINCY, Ill.— Quincy University students are preparing to put their entrepreneurial skills to the test as they compete for thousands of dollars in prize money.

Nov 6 • 6:35 PM EST • Business • khqa.com

Campbell hosts Harnett business leaders for economic update

Photo by Campbell University Harnett County has grown more than 27% over the last 15 years and is on the cusp of significant growth in the business sector as well. Campbell University recently hosted the 2026 Harnett County Economic Development Update; this was the university's third year in a row hosting the event. The annual event invites elected officials, business leaders and stakeholders from Harnett and its neighboring counties to share updates on new projects, economic trends and announcements from the previous year. Campbell’s continued involvement is part of its five-year Strategic Plan, launched earlier this year, which lists “community impact” as one of its four main objectives. “Every place I have ever worked, the university has been viewed by its surrounding community and region as an asset to economic development, as an inducement to business and industry and as a driver of innovation. It has been seen as the indispensable partner for growth,” Campbell President Dr. William M. Downs told the group of about 200 in attendance. “We ask that you save us a seat at your table when you are dreaming big about the future of this county and beyond. Campbell University is open for business, and we’d like to do business with you.”In addition to Campbell, Harnett is home to Harnett County Schools and its Career & Technical Education programs and a satellite campus of Central Carolina Community College, home of the Eugene Moore Manufacturing & Biotech Solutions Center (the largest training facility in the state). Stephen Barrington, Harnett County Economic Development director, shared the county’s latest initiatives, focus areas and opportunities in economic development. He lauded Campbell and the county’s strong educational and training infrastructure for training the area’s current and future workforce.“Workforce is at the top of the list when we talk about economic development,” Barrington said in a press release. “Work and skill-ready talent remains at the top of the list [of assets in Harnett County]. We’re extremely grateful for the education and training of our students for the next generation.”One big project landed in September when Harnett County was awarded a $500,000 Build Ready Sites grant from the North Carolina Railroad Company to advance a rail-served industrial site. The investment will help prepare the property for future development and strengthen Harnett County’s ability to compete for rail-served projects. The funding will support Byrd Industrial Site B, an 83-acre site with 58 developable acres within the Byrd Industrial Sites in Lillington.Harnett County is also actively working with Samet Corp. is actively working with Samet Corp. on the development of a 175,500-square-foot speculative industrial building to stimulate economic development.Featured speaker was Ted Abernathy, founding and managing partner of Economic Leadership, a small group of data, strategy and best-practice policy experts that work with companies, foundations and business organizations to analyze competitiveness, develop strategy, support leadership, tune communications and reimagine the future.Abernathy lauded Harnett County’s proximity to one of the fastest-growing and most business-friendly regions in the country — the Research Triangle and Raleigh-Durham metropolitan area — and said Harnett needs to attract more businesses that offer higher-paying jobs to compete. “The quality of the jobs you attract is one of the challenges for you as you go forward,” Abernathy said in a press release. “You need more high-paying jobs. A big chunk of the population here is making $25 to $50 an hour, which is good. But where you’re really weak is this high end. If you looked at Raleigh or Durham or Mecklenburg, that number would be a third of their jobs.”Learn more about Harnett County Economic Development and current projects happening at harnettedc.org.

Nov 6 • 3:56 PM EST • Business • bizfayetteville.com

Harrison County High Schools take part in county-wide mock business symposium

CLARKSBURG, W.Va. — High school business students from across Harrison County put their entrepreneurial skills to the test Friday, developing and pitching business proposals aimed at improving operations at The

Nov 6 • 3:45 PM EST • Business • wvnews.com

Teachers of Quality Academy 9.0 graduates laying foundation for the future

A group of 35 ECU Health team members celebrated new skills and new pathways for quality improvement during the recent TQA 9.0 graduation.

Nov 6 • 1:50 PM EST • Health • ecuhealth.org

Jobs report doesn't show AI creating a white-collar wipeout

White-collar hiring was robust in October; professional and business services added 70,000 jobs. Economists say AI is reshaping in-demand job skills.

Nov 6 • 12:02 PM EST • Business • businessinsider.com

Seminar Focuses on Helping Health Professions Students Create Positive Patient Experiences

Nearly 300 students from across the UAMS College of Health Professions recently gathered for a Patient Experience Seminar designed to strengthen their communication, empathy, and interpersonal skills with patients. Dean Susan Long, Ed.D., welcomed the participants, and UAMS Chancellor C. Lowry Barnes, M.D., encouraged students to embrace UAMS CARES and…

Nov 6 • 11:03 AM EST • Health • news.uams.edu

CMS Proposes Rule to Reduce Nursing Home and Health Care Burdens, Save $320M

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) issued on Thursday a long-awaited proposed rule aimed at reducing regulatory and administrative

Nov 6 • 10:53 AM EST • Health • skillednursingnews.com

Food Literacy: An Overlooked Ingredient in Healthy Eating

Food literacy combines nutrition knowledge with the skills needed to plan meals, select foods, and prepare them within everyday constraints. Research on cooking and nutrition education suggests potential benefits, but evidence that improving food literacy produces lasting dietary changes or better health remains limited.

Nov 6 • 12:02 AM EST • Health • news-medical.net

The nation’s cartoonists on the week in politics

Every week political cartoonists throughout the country and across the political spectrum apply their ink-stained skills to capture the foibles, memes, hypocrisies and other head-slapping events in the world of politics. The fruits of these labors are hundreds of cartoons that entertain and enrage readers of all political stripes. Here's an offering of the best of this week's crop, picked fresh off the Toonosphere. Edited by Matt Wuerker.

Nov 6 • 12:00 AM EST • Politics • politico.com

Escape Artist Octopuses Can Squeeze Through Impossibly Small Holes. Now, Scientists Have Figured Out How They Do It

And how their escapology skills could inspire a new era of OctoBots.

Nov 5 • 4:00 PM EST • Science • iflscience.com

Kim Kardashian admits she can ‘hide behind’ her “All’s Fair” costars’ superior acting skills

“You did not hide, girl!” Naomi Watts argued.

Nov 5 • 2:15 PM EST • Entertainment • yahoo.com

Jeremy Gaskill on Geisinger Health Plan’s Medicare Advantage growth

Nov 5 • 9:08 AM EST • Health • managedhealthcareexecutive.com

Children in Wausau will get a chance to show off skills at a children's business fair

'Leadership Launchpad' hosts sixth children's business fair in Wausau

Nov 5 • 7:48 AM EST • Business • wsaw.com

Empowering frontline health workers to detect outbreaks earlier

To spot health threats quickly and respond before they spread, these workers need the skills to identify risks, understand local health challenges and work together effectively. To strengthen these skills, the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization (WHO) conducted a series of trainings and simulation exercises in August 2026.

Nov 5 • 7:00 AM EST • Health • who.int

Local students learn lifesaving and health care skills at Pali Momi Career Fair

Knowing CPR can mean the difference between life and death, and local students had the opportunity to put those lifesaving skills into practice during a hands-on health care career fair at Pali Momi Medical Center.

Nov 4 • 8:22 PM EST • Health • hawaiinewsnow.com

Brewing up brilliance with the Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences Society

On Friday, Oct. 30, the Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences Society (CDSS) held a Potion Making event in the Lake Erie room of the Oakland Center, combining clinical concepts with Halloween fun. The event ran from 2 to 3 p.m., allowing new students to learn dilution skills while experienced students gained practice. Attendees experimented with dilution...

Nov 4 • 9:00 AM EST • Science • oaklandpostonline.com

Iran Holds Technology Olympics

TEHRAN (Tasnim) – Iran has held the third edition of the Technology Olympics, an event aimed at identifying talented young people, strengthening their problem-solving skills, and connecting them with real-world industrial projects and the knowledge-based economy.

Nov 4 • 8:25 AM EST • Science • tasnimnews.ir

Jeremy Gaskill on moving from Humana to Geisinger Health Plan

Nov 4 • 7:45 AM EST • Health • managedhealthcareexecutive.com

On the advantages of health system-owned health plan, what Medicaid cuts might mean and the future of U.S. health insurance: A conversation with Geisinger's Jeremy Gaskill

Jeremy Gaskill took the reins at the Geisinger Health Plan earlier this year after a long career at Humana. He discusses the similarities and differences between Geisinger and Humana and the advantages of a health plan that is part of a health system.

Nov 4 • 7:22 AM EST • Health • managedhealthcareexecutive.com

Sabra Health Care: 3 Key Takeaways for Long-Term Investors

Lease resets on its skilled nursing properties could lift cash rents, but the portfolio shift toward senior housing brings operating risk.

Nov 4 • 4:57 AM EST • Health • finance.yahoo.com

Skilled Nursing Dealbook: UW Health Adds Medical Center With Nursing Facility; 126-Bed Colorado Facility Sold

Ohio-based skilled nursing facility changed hands in a $10.5 million property transfer, while a 126-bed SNF in Colorado was also sold. UW Health also

Nov 3 • 6:00 PM EST • Health • skillednursingnews.com

Iowa alumna finds her game in sports writing

The reporting skills Annie Costabile developed at Iowa have taken her from the sidelines to the national sports stage, where she's chronicling a pivotal moment in women's basketball.

Nov 3 • 5:55 PM EST • Sports • stories.uiowa.edu

Scientists identify two overlooked skills that predict reading success

A massive new study reveals that intelligence plays a surprisingly limited role in children's reading success, while visual processing showed no meaningful connection at all. Instead, the strongest predictors are sound recognition, vocabulary, and background knowledge, offering new clues about how to help struggling readers.

Nov 3 • 7:00 AM EST • Science • sciencedaily.com

67% of security leaders say their teams struggle to meet business needs

Growing AI demands and compounding skills gaps are taxing the resources and effectiveness of cybersecurity teams.

Nov 3 • 3:25 AM EST • Business • csoonline.com

Pharr Manufacturing Roundtable Examines Industrial Growth and Workforce Challenges

Growing demand for skilled workers, increasing automation, and competition for manufacturing investment are challenging the Rio Grande Valley's industrial expansion, according to government, business, and education leaders who gathered in Pharr to discuss how the region can prepare for new industries and emerging technologies.

Nov 2 • 4:16 PM EST • Business • texasborderbusiness.com

Building Business Skills on a Foundation of Military Service

An Army Ranger preparing for retirement, a Marine Corps veteran pursuing accounting and two Army veterans studying analytics share how NC State’s graduate business programs are helping them pursue their professional goals.

Nov 2 • 3:36 PM EST • Business • poole.ncsu.edu

Call of Duty Needs to Remove Skill-Based Matchmaking for it to be Successful Again

Call of Duty needs to remove skill-based matchmaking for it to be sucecssfull again, as Modern Warfare 4 player numbers drop.

Nov 2 • 11:38 AM EST • Technology • insider-gaming.com

Research: When Workers Adapt Their Resumes to Fit the Political Moment

Job seekers are rewriting their resumes to match the political moment. A new study, which analyzed 2.9 million U.S. workers, found that employees added ESG and DEI language around Biden’s 2020 election and deleted it after Trump’s 2024 victory, mirroring corporate behavior. The research also found that this strategy can be an effective way to earn a new role; those who added such language were more likely to switch employers or be promoted, even though their qualifications tended to be slightly lower. This is because employers tend to sacrifice candidate quality for political alignment. To hire for the long haul, leaders should limit reliance on resume-screening algorithms, prioritize skills and experience, and discount political signals that may soon fade.

Nov 2 • 8:25 AM EST • Politics • hbr.org

Skill games removal leaves Philly stores struggling, experts split

Skill games are being removed from Philly stores after a state court ruling. Business owners worry about lost income as advocates raise gambling concerns.

Nov 2 • 5:00 AM EST • Business • billypenn.com

‘Long gone are the days where we just provided numbers’: The CFO-to-CEO pipeline is growing but does a finance background always make a good leader?

One in five new CEOs at Europe's largest listed companies came from finance last year. But the shift from managing the numbers to running the business requires a broader set of skills.

Nov 2 • 4:36 AM EST • Business • fortune.com

G.Skill 32 GB DDR5 Now Costs $156 When Purchased With Ryzen 9850X3D And B850 Motherboard Bundle

Get the AMD Ryzen 7 9850X3D, 32 GB DDR5 RAM, and B850 motherboard bundle for $829 at Micro Center, saving $324 off the regular price.

Nov 1 • 12:46 PM EST • Technology • wccftech.com

CCPS Plans New Paths Into Skilled Trades, Data Science And Student-Run Businesses

LA PLATA, Md. — Learning to weld, studying data science or helping run a school-based business could become part of the high school experience for more Charles County students as the school system develops new career opportunities. School officials laid out the plan Monday, Oct. 26, during the Board of Education’s work session, along with […]

Nov 1 • 6:00 AM EST • Science • thebaynet.com

The New Hot Job in Law Doesn’t Require a J.D.

Big law firms, legal tech vendors, and in-house legal departments at companies like Microsoft and Nvidia are all hiring legal engineers, a new position for lawyers with A.I. skills.

Oct 31 • 8:00 AM EDT • Business • nytimes.com

Stacy Garrity visits Mechanicsburg, highlights support for small businesses and veterans

Republican gubernatorial candidate Stacy Garrity visited Mechanicsburg, Cumberland County, to connect with Pennsylvanians, discuss her plans for small businesses, and emphasize the importance of skill games for community support.

Oct 30 • 7:01 PM EDT • Business • wgal.com

Neuroscientists reveal method to train people to have lucid dreams — and it involves virtual reality and mediation

People who had no recollection of a lucid dream over the past three years developed the skill after one month of performing a novel training regimen twice a week, neuroscientists report.

Oct 30 • 1:30 PM EDT • Science • livescience.com

Molloy, YouthBuild Long Island launch workforce program

Molloy University and YouthBuild Long Island have partnered to create a funded workforce development program offering certificate training in healthcare and skilled trades for young adults in Nassau and Suffolk counties. The program aims to address local healthcare staffing shortages and provide career pathways including for those not seeking a four-year degree.

Oct 30 • 8:45 AM EDT • Business • libn.com

Two Crows Took a Classic Psychology Test. Their Decision-Making Skills Left Ours in The Dust.

So much for 'birdbrains'...

Oct 30 • 7:00 AM EDT • Science • sciencealert.com

DataFi Donation Ceremony at the Ministry of Health-Remarks by ADCM Steve Bremner

DataFi Donation Ceremony at the Ministry of Health Remarks by Acting Deputy Chief of Mission a.i. Steve Bremner (…) I’m pleased to join the Ministry of Public Health and our implementer, Palladium, today to hand over IT equipment including 80 laptops, 300 tablets, and Monitoring and Evaluation reporting tools for CSBII. Good health decisions start with good data. When a health worker in a remote commune notices unusual fever cases, that information must reach district and national teams fast. Every hour counts. Fast, reliable data helps the Ministry detect an outbreak early, send teams where they’re needed, and stop a disease before it spreads. These laptops and tablets will help do exactly that. They’ll strengthen Madagascar’s health information system and disease surveillance so health workers can collect, report, and use data faster and more accurately. This support reflects the America First Global Health Strategy. Under this strategy, the United States works directly with partner governments based on country ownership, shared investment, and accountability for results. Together, we’re strengthening Madagascar’s ability to detect and respond to outbreaks quickly though the MOU signed in December 2025. This work protects Malagasy families and the American people. Today also marks a transition. The Data.FI project is ending, but the work will continue. Palladium will continue to carry these same activities forward through a new project, AFGHS Palladium, under the State Department’s Bureau of Global Health Security and Diplomacy. The new project will put an even stronger focus on results. Mister SG, your ministry’s close collaboration with Data.FI made today possible. I hope you will bring the same commitment to this new project. Together, we can deliver even greater results and speed up the transfer of skills to Ministry teams. Our shared goal is to build the ministry’s capacity to lead, manage, and sustain these systems on its own. That is Madagascar’s path to self-reliance. Equipment alone doesn’t stop an outbreak. People do. To the health workers and data managers who will use these tools: thank you for your dedication. To the Ministry: we count on you to put these devices to work quickly, keep them in good condition, and protect the data they hold. That’s how this investment will deliver results for years to come. The United States stands with the Government of Madagascar. We commend the Ministry of Public Health for its leadership. We look forward to continuing our collaboration through AFGHS Palladium and beyond. Thank you. Misaotra betsaka.

Oct 30 • 6:49 AM EDT • Health • mg.usembassy.gov

The nation’s cartoonists on the week in politics

Every week political cartoonists throughout the country and across the political spectrum apply their ink-stained skills to capture the foibles, memes, hypocrisies and other head-slapping events in the world of politics. The fruits of these labors are hundreds of cartoons that entertain and enrage readers of all political stripes. Here's an offering of the best of this week's crop, picked fresh off the Toonosphere. Edited by Matt Wuerker.

Oct 30 • 1:00 AM EDT • Politics • politico.com

John A. Logan College STEM Day gives high school students hands-on lesson in science, engineering

More than 160 area high school students took part in STEM Day at John A. Logan College in Carterville, putting their engineering skills to the test by launching homemade gliders carrying eggs from a 20-foot ramp.

Oct 29 • 7:00 PM EDT • Science • kfvs12.com

Three A's Officially Elect Free Agency

Jonah Heim and Mark Leiter Jr. each brought niche skills to the A's in 2026.

Oct 29 • 6:18 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Free career workshops to cover interviews, health care jobs

Job seekers looking to sharpen their skills or try a new field will have two chances to get help next month.

Oct 29 • 8:34 AM EDT • Health • wect.com

These students solve research problems with their hands - College of Arts and Sciences

Scholars in the UNC computer science department’s Experimental Engineering Lab learn skills applicable across disciplines.

Oct 29 • 8:00 AM EDT • Science • college.unc.edu

Six popular sugar substitutes linked to faster brain aging

A study of nearly 13,000 adults found that people consuming the most artificial sweeteners experienced a 62% faster decline in memory and thinking skills, equivalent to approximately 1.6 additional years of brain aging. Six popular sweeteners were linked to faster cognitive decline, raising concerns about the long-term brain health effects of common sugar substitutes, although causation was not established.

Oct 29 • 8:00 AM EDT • Science • sciencedaily.com

Research report: The prince and the scientists

A commentary in EMBO Reports argues that scientific leadership is a distinct, neglected skill and that institutions should be managed as ecosystems built on trust.

Oct 29 • 6:47 AM EDT • Science • bioengineer.org

In the Lead: The Daily Record announces 2026 Best Family-Owned Businesses

Surely, some families and businesses just aren’t meant to mix. But in other cases, the personalities, skill sets and trust are a perfect match. The Daily Record is proud to honor our In the Lead: Best Family-Owned Businesses who got that recipe right.

Oct 29 • 6:00 AM EDT • Business • thedailyrecord.com

From Business to Beluga Whales: Inside Briana Maltez’s Marine Biology Journey

Beneath the hum of filtration pumps and the rhythmic trickle of saltwater tanks, Briana Maltez is completely in her element. The Texas A&M University at Galveston marine biology major is following her lifelong love of animals—and that passion drives her pursuit for a second bachelor’s degree in a field that endlessly ignites her curiosity.As a native of nearby Sugar Land, Maltez did not initially set out toward coastal science. She initially earned a degree in agricultural business through the Texas A&M RELLIS campus in Bryan, but her subconscious fascination with ocean life grew into an unignorable question during her time there: What if? Photo courtesy of Briana MaltezThe query continued to plague her until a turning point came during a Florida trip to near the end of her first degree. Up-close encounters with marine life reignited a childhood dream and shifted her trajectory toward the sea. Yet, stepping into an entirely new field required a leap of faith. Faced with the daunting prospect of starting over, Maltez placed her trust in Texas A&M Galveston as the premier marine biology program in the state. Deciding that she would never feel satisfied unless she tried, she applied—finding the resolve to face the demanding science curriculum head-on.Any lingering doubts vanished during her first semester on the island campus. The close-knit campus environment and small class sizes allowed Maltez to build immediate connections with her professors and peers—a welcoming backdrop where her love for ocean stewardship could truly take root.“I instantly fell in love with the campus and the small classes,” Maltez recalled. “I was like, ‘Yep, I’m so happy I came here.'”Before long, Maltez found a second home inside the university’s Sea Life Facility. Designed to mirror complex, large-scale aquarium infrastructure on a manageable scale, the space offered Maltez a safe training ground to grow familiar with system maintenance and water chemistry under the tutelage of Sea Life Facility Manager Katie St. Clair. While tending to the tanks there, she grew especially fond of watching the facility’s resident clownfish breed and care for their clutches.“Katie definitely wants us to learn, ask questions, and get hands-on experience,” said Maltez. “So, it has been great having her help with getting pre-experience before doing it in the real world.”That hands-on experience quickly sparked a deeper interest in animal husbandry—the daily art of monitoring the animal’s diets, observing their behavior, and maintaining the aquarium’s overall health. Eager to turn those newfound practical skills into technical credentials, Maltez even earned certifications in life support systems and water quality management through Aquatic Animal Life Support Operators courses.Maltez’s passion soon extended beyond campus boundaries. During a summer study abroad program in South Caicos, Turks and Caicos, Maltez immersed herself in underwater field research. In addition to learning about local history and ecotourism impacts, she snorkeled daily, utilizing drones and hydrophones to record underwater bioacoustics and listen to the often-missed crackles of snapping shrimp, fish, and lobster larvae. Maltez at SeaWorld San AntonioPhoto courtesy of Briana Maltez“What you don’t realize is that there’s so many animals around you, but because they sense, you already, they run away,” Maltez explained. “I think that’s really cool to experience, because you don’t even think about that when you travel.”Yet, among all her academic adventures, a week-long course at SeaWorld San Antonio through MARB 302 stands out as a defining milestone. Camping on-site alongside fellow marine biology majors, Maltez gained behind-the-scenes access to professional veterinary and husbandry operations, building lasting friendships and even interacting with penguins in the snow.The undeniable highlight of the trip was face-to-face interaction with beluga whales. Having admired the titanic cetaceans for years, getting to learn directly from their trainers solidified her ultimate aspiration: to care for belugas and contribute to conservation research supporting wild populations in Alaska.“They are one of my favorite animals, and I had heard so much about them,” said Maltez. ”Getting to see them up close was an amazing experience.”When she is not analyzing marine environments, Maltez documents campus life through her camera lens. As a photographer for the Nautilus student newspaper, the Yell Leaders at Midnight Yell, and the Shark Scholars club, she brings the university’s passionate energy into sharp focus. With less than a year remaining until graduation, Maltez looks back on her decision to return to school with gratitude. Taking her journey one day at a time helped her push through demanding coursework, unlocking opportunities she once thought were out of reach. Today, Maltez stands as a compelling example of what happens when passion meets purpose: By trusting her drive and embracing every hands-on experience, she has transformed a second chance at college into an opportunity to dive into a career beneath the waves.

Oct 28 • 4:30 PM EDT • Business • news.galveston.tamu.edu

Local nonprofit Art Boost helps artists develop the business skills they need to build sustainable careers

Artists can spend years honing their craft, but learning how to market their work, value their art and build a brand can be a challenge. Art Boost, a Dallas nonprofit that grew out of the Business Council for the Arts’

Oct 28 • 11:42 AM EDT • Business • lakehighlands.advocatemag.com

CMU Nursing Students Take Lifesaving Skills Into the Community

Each semester, Colorado Mesa University nursing students organize a health fair inside the University Center, where they set up CPR mannequins and ask students, staff and faculty passing by if they have a few minutes to practice a skill that ...

Oct 28 • 8:00 AM EDT • Health • coloradomesa.edu

Kingfisher High School students learn business skills through new AP course

A new AP Business with Personal Finance course is helping students turn business ideas into real-world experience, including two seniors who increased profits from their floral subscription service.

Oct 27 • 7:23 PM EDT • Business • news9.com

Vital Skills: Upskilling Genie Code with Healthcare and Life Sciences skills

The blog highlights what Vital Skills, a skill library built by Databricks industry experts, can do for analytical and scientific development with Genie Code. We explain the development and evaluation process, highlight some specific skills, and show how customers can find and use these skills.

Oct 27 • 3:00 PM EDT • Science • databricks.com

NYCHHC GOUVERNEUR

NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur provides high quality short-term rehabilitation and long-term skilled nursing services in a warm and comfortable setting. Our 295-bed Skilled Nursing Facility staff provides medical, nursing, and rehabilitative care in an atmosphere of dignity and compassion. Our multilingual, nurturing staff proudly reflects the diversity of Manhattan’s Lower East Side. NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur | 227 Madison Street | New York, New York 10002 Tel: (844) 692-4692 Click here to learn more about our services. https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/gouverneur/services/ (Virtual tour generated by Panotour)

Oct 27 • 2:22 PM EDT • Sports • nychealthandhospitals.org

NYCHHC GOUVERNEUR

NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur provides high quality short-term rehabilitation and long-term skilled nursing services in a warm and comfortable setting. Our 295-bed Skilled Nursing Facility staff provides medical, nursing, and rehabilitative care in an atmosphere of dignity and compassion. Our multilingual, nurturing staff proudly reflects the diversity of Manhattan’s Lower East Side. NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur | 227 Madison Street | New York, New York 10002 Tel: (844) 692-4692 Click here to learn more about our services. https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/gouverneur/services/ (Virtual tour generated by Panotour)

Oct 27 • 2:17 PM EDT • Sports • nychealthandhospitals.org

NYCHHC GOUVERNEUR

NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur provides high quality short-term rehabilitation and long-term skilled nursing services in a warm and comfortable setting. Our 295-bed Skilled Nursing Facility staff provides medical, nursing, and rehabilitative care in an atmosphere of dignity and compassion. Our multilingual, nurturing staff proudly reflects the diversity of Manhattan’s Lower East Side. NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur | 227 Madison Street | New York, New York 10002 Tel: (844) 692-4692 Click here to learn more about our services. https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/gouverneur/services/ (Virtual tour generated by Panotour)

Oct 27 • 1:58 PM EDT • Sports • nychealthandhospitals.org

NYCHHC GOUVERNEUR

NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur provides high quality short-term rehabilitation and long-term skilled nursing services in a warm and comfortable setting. Our 295-bed Skilled Nursing Facility staff provides medical, nursing, and rehabilitative care in an atmosphere of dignity and compassion. Our multilingual, nurturing staff proudly reflects the diversity of Manhattan’s Lower East Side. NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur | 227 Madison Street | New York, New York 10002 Tel: (844) 692-4692 Click here to learn more about our services. https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/gouverneur/services/ (Virtual tour generated by Panotour)

Oct 27 • 1:57 PM EDT • Sports • nychealthandhospitals.org

NYCHHC GOUVERNEUR

NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur provides high quality short-term rehabilitation and long-term skilled nursing services in a warm and comfortable setting. Our 295-bed Skilled Nursing Facility staff provides medical, nursing, and rehabilitative care in an atmosphere of dignity and compassion. Our multilingual, nurturing staff proudly reflects the diversity of Manhattan’s Lower East Side. NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur | 227 Madison Street | New York, New York 10002 Tel: (844) 692-4692 Click here to learn more about our services. https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/gouverneur/services/ (Virtual tour generated by Panotour)

Oct 27 • 1:20 PM EDT • Sports • nychealthandhospitals.org

NYCHHC GOUVERNEUR

NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur provides high quality short-term rehabilitation and long-term skilled nursing services in a warm and comfortable setting. Our 295-bed Skilled Nursing Facility staff provides medical, nursing, and rehabilitative care in an atmosphere of dignity and compassion. Our multilingual, nurturing staff proudly reflects the diversity of Manhattan’s Lower East Side. NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur | 227 Madison Street | New York, New York 10002 Tel: (844) 692-4692 Click here to learn more about our services. https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/gouverneur/services/ (Virtual tour generated by Panotour)

Oct 27 • 1:17 PM EDT • Sports • nychealthandhospitals.org

NYCHHC GOUVERNEUR

NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur provides high quality short-term rehabilitation and long-term skilled nursing services in a warm and comfortable setting. Our 295-bed Skilled Nursing Facility staff provides medical, nursing, and rehabilitative care in an atmosphere of dignity and compassion. Our multilingual, nurturing staff proudly reflects the diversity of Manhattan’s Lower East Side. NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur | 227 Madison Street | New York, New York 10002 Tel: (844) 692-4692 Click here to learn more about our services. https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/gouverneur/services/ (Virtual tour generated by Panotour)

Oct 27 • 1:17 PM EDT • Sports • nychealthandhospitals.org

NYCHHC GOUVERNEUR

NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur provides high quality short-term rehabilitation and long-term skilled nursing services in a warm and comfortable setting. Our 295-bed Skilled Nursing Facility staff provides medical, nursing, and rehabilitative care in an atmosphere of dignity and compassion. Our multilingual, nurturing staff proudly reflects the diversity of Manhattan’s Lower East Side. NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur | 227 Madison Street | New York, New York 10002 Tel: (844) 692-4692 Click here to learn more about our services. https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/gouverneur/services/ (Virtual tour generated by Panotour)

Oct 27 • 1:16 PM EDT • Sports • nychealthandhospitals.org

NYCHHC GOUVERNEUR

NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur provides high quality short-term rehabilitation and long-term skilled nursing services in a warm and comfortable setting. Our 295-bed Skilled Nursing Facility staff provides medical, nursing, and rehabilitative care in an atmosphere of dignity and compassion. Our multilingual, nurturing staff proudly reflects the diversity of Manhattan’s Lower East Side. NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur | 227 Madison Street | New York, New York 10002 Tel: (844) 692-4692 Click here to learn more about our services. https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/gouverneur/services/ (Virtual tour generated by Panotour)

Oct 27 • 1:04 PM EDT • Sports • nychealthandhospitals.org

NYCHHC GOUVERNEUR

NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur provides high quality short-term rehabilitation and long-term skilled nursing services in a warm and comfortable setting. Our 295-bed Skilled Nursing Facility staff provides medical, nursing, and rehabilitative care in an atmosphere of dignity and compassion. Our multilingual, nurturing staff proudly reflects the diversity of Manhattan’s Lower East Side. NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur | 227 Madison Street | New York, New York 10002 Tel: (844) 692-4692 Click here to learn more about our services. https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/gouverneur/services/ (Virtual tour generated by Panotour)

Oct 27 • 1:03 PM EDT • Sports • nychealthandhospitals.org

NYCHHC GOUVERNEUR

NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur provides high quality short-term rehabilitation and long-term skilled nursing services in a warm and comfortable setting. Our 295-bed Skilled Nursing Facility staff provides medical, nursing, and rehabilitative care in an atmosphere of dignity and compassion. Our multilingual, nurturing staff proudly reflects the diversity of Manhattan’s Lower East Side. NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur | 227 Madison Street | New York, New York 10002 Tel: (844) 692-4692 Click here to learn more about our services. https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/gouverneur/services/ (Virtual tour generated by Panotour)

Oct 27 • 1:01 PM EDT • Sports • nychealthandhospitals.org

NYCHHC GOUVERNEUR

NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur provides high quality short-term rehabilitation and long-term skilled nursing services in a warm and comfortable setting. Our 295-bed Skilled Nursing Facility staff provides medical, nursing, and rehabilitative care in an atmosphere of dignity and compassion. Our multilingual, nurturing staff proudly reflects the diversity of Manhattan’s Lower East Side. NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur | 227 Madison Street | New York, New York 10002 Tel: (844) 692-4692 Click here to learn more about our services. https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/gouverneur/services/ (Virtual tour generated by Panotour)

Oct 27 • 12:59 PM EDT • Sports • nychealthandhospitals.org

NYCHHC GOUVERNEUR

NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur provides high quality short-term rehabilitation and long-term skilled nursing services in a warm and comfortable setting. Our 295-bed Skilled Nursing Facility staff provides medical, nursing, and rehabilitative care in an atmosphere of dignity and compassion. Our multilingual, nurturing staff proudly reflects the diversity of Manhattan’s Lower East Side. NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur | 227 Madison Street | New York, New York 10002 Tel: (844) 692-4692 Click here to learn more about our services. https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/gouverneur/services/ (Virtual tour generated by Panotour)

Oct 27 • 12:59 PM EDT • Sports • nychealthandhospitals.org

NYCHHC GOUVERNEUR

NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur provides high quality short-term rehabilitation and long-term skilled nursing services in a warm and comfortable setting. Our 295-bed Skilled Nursing Facility staff provides medical, nursing, and rehabilitative care in an atmosphere of dignity and compassion. Our multilingual, nurturing staff proudly reflects the diversity of Manhattan’s Lower East Side. NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur | 227 Madison Street | New York, New York 10002 Tel: (844) 692-4692 Click here to learn more about our services. https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/gouverneur/services/ (Virtual tour generated by Panotour)

Oct 27 • 12:59 PM EDT • Sports • nychealthandhospitals.org

NYCHHC GOUVERNEUR

NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur provides high quality short-term rehabilitation and long-term skilled nursing services in a warm and comfortable setting. Our 295-bed Skilled Nursing Facility staff provides medical, nursing, and rehabilitative care in an atmosphere of dignity and compassion. Our multilingual, nurturing staff proudly reflects the diversity of Manhattan’s Lower East Side. NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur | 227 Madison Street | New York, New York 10002 Tel: (844) 692-4692 Click here to learn more about our services. https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/gouverneur/services/ (Virtual tour generated by Panotour)

Oct 27 • 12:58 PM EDT • Sports • nychealthandhospitals.org

NYCHHC GOUVERNEUR

NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur provides high quality short-term rehabilitation and long-term skilled nursing services in a warm and comfortable setting. Our 295-bed Skilled Nursing Facility staff provides medical, nursing, and rehabilitative care in an atmosphere of dignity and compassion. Our multilingual, nurturing staff proudly reflects the diversity of Manhattan’s Lower East Side. NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur | 227 Madison Street | New York, New York 10002 Tel: (844) 692-4692 Click here to learn more about our services. https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/gouverneur/services/ (Virtual tour generated by Panotour)

Oct 27 • 12:56 PM EDT • Sports • nychealthandhospitals.org

NYCHHC GOUVERNEUR

NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur provides high quality short-term rehabilitation and long-term skilled nursing services in a warm and comfortable setting. Our 295-bed Skilled Nursing Facility staff provides medical, nursing, and rehabilitative care in an atmosphere of dignity and compassion. Our multilingual, nurturing staff proudly reflects the diversity of Manhattan’s Lower East Side. NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur | 227 Madison Street | New York, New York 10002 Tel: (844) 692-4692 Click here to learn more about our services. https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/gouverneur/services/ (Virtual tour generated by Panotour)

Oct 27 • 12:27 PM EDT • Sports • nychealthandhospitals.org

NYCHHC GOUVERNEUR

NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur provides high quality short-term rehabilitation and long-term skilled nursing services in a warm and comfortable setting. Our 295-bed Skilled Nursing Facility staff provides medical, nursing, and rehabilitative care in an atmosphere of dignity and compassion. Our multilingual, nurturing staff proudly reflects the diversity of Manhattan’s Lower East Side. NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur | 227 Madison Street | New York, New York 10002 Tel: (844) 692-4692 Click here to learn more about our services. https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/gouverneur/services/ (Virtual tour generated by Panotour)

Oct 27 • 12:27 PM EDT • Sports • nychealthandhospitals.org

NYCHHC GOUVERNEUR

NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur provides high quality short-term rehabilitation and long-term skilled nursing services in a warm and comfortable setting. Our 295-bed Skilled Nursing Facility staff provides medical, nursing, and rehabilitative care in an atmosphere of dignity and compassion. Our multilingual, nurturing staff proudly reflects the diversity of Manhattan’s Lower East Side. NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur | 227 Madison Street | New York, New York 10002 Tel: (844) 692-4692 Click here to learn more about our services. https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/gouverneur/services/ (Virtual tour generated by Panotour)

Oct 27 • 12:27 PM EDT • Sports • nychealthandhospitals.org

NYCHHC GOUVERNEUR

NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur provides high quality short-term rehabilitation and long-term skilled nursing services in a warm and comfortable setting. Our 295-bed Skilled Nursing Facility staff provides medical, nursing, and rehabilitative care in an atmosphere of dignity and compassion. Our multilingual, nurturing staff proudly reflects the diversity of Manhattan’s Lower East Side. NYC Health + Hospitals/Gouverneur | 227 Madison Street | New York, New York 10002 Tel: (844) 692-4692 Click here to learn more about our services. https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/gouverneur/services/ (Virtual tour generated by Panotour)

Oct 27 • 12:16 PM EDT • Sports • nychealthandhospitals.org