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Dolphins offensive lineman 'already moving on' from tough rookie year
Miami Dolphins offensive lineman Jonah Savaiinaea is back to his natural position, and he's moving on from what happened in 2025.
Politics could endanger Mississippi’s disaster response in jeopary- Mississippi Today
If FEMA disappears, as the Trump administration has proposed, what happens to your community, especially in Mississippi, after the next disaster, watchdog asks?
New research explores the earliest stages of coronary plaque inflammation
"If we want to prevent plaque from forming, we need to understand those earliest changes—not just what happens after inflammation has already taken hold," one researcher explained.
In 1926, a Russian biologist tried to create a human-chimpanzee hybrid
Luckily, the cruel experiment never happened.
Phillies news: Don Mattingly breaks down Philly's new offensive identity
The Phillies, after being a home run-or-nothing team, have turned to small ball over the last few weeks. How did that happen?
Bills Re-Sign Linebacker Three Days After Cutting Him
Sometimes in the NFL players’ careers go full circle. They start in one place and subsequently sign with or get traded to multiple different teams, and subsequently end up back on their original team years later. And sometimes these reunions happen after less than a week. Such an event occurred on Monday after the Buffalo […] The post Bills Re-Sign Linebacker Three Days After Cutting Him appeared first on HEAVY.
Facing Quagmire in Iran, Trump Turns to a Familiar Face: North Korea’s Kim Jong-un
Seven years ago, President Trump failed to disarm North Korea and walked away. Could the same thing happen with Iran?
Justice Department watchdog to review DEA tactic that permitted deadly fentanyl to hit streets
The review will examine government policies and wiretap investigations in which the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration may have learned of fentanyl deliveries before they happened but stood down to avoid jeopardizing larger prosecutions.
What happened to Dolly Parton? Singer shares update after missing Dollywood event
Dolly Parton appeared in a prerecorded video at the opening of Dollywood's NightFlight Expedition, explaining that her doctor urged her to stay home.
The UNC Sports Week Ahead: August 17-23
Here’s all the Tar Heel action happening over the next seven days.
Sony's New 'It Happens on PS5' Ad Has Gone Down Exactly as You'd Expect
"Discs used to happen on PS5"
Yale Health Center building reopens after fire
NEW HAVEN, Conn. (WTNH) — A Yale Health Center building has reopened after a fire Monday morning, according to Yale University’s alert system. The fire happened at 55 Lock St., the buil…
5 body odors that could offer clues about your health
Unusual body odors aren’t always a cause for concern, but they can sometimes offer clues about what is happening inside the body.
Tesla FSD v14 swerved and try to drive me into a ditch for no reason
Tesla FSD v14.3.6 tried to take a highway exit it had already passed at 110 km/h on an empty, well-marked road at night. Here's what happened.
What Happens When Public Health and Computer Science Build AI Together?
As universities race to prepare students and researchers for an AI-driven future, a new perspective from George Washington University public health researcher Seble Frehywot argues that one of the biggest opportunities may be hiding in plain sight: bringing public health and computer science departments together.
Stunned by a glowing green light: what happened when the ground lit up at night? - Futura-Sciences
The Aurora Hunter of Alaska Vincent Ledvina is a doctoral student in space physics, but don’t be fooled by the academic credentials—he’s also a social media star. Ledvina scours the Alaskan skies night after night, always on the lookout for the magical spectacle of the Northern Lights, and he regularly...
Congress Funded Global Health. The Office of Management and Budget Is Trying Not To Spend It.
Two PIH experts analyze what is happening to global health funds that aren’t being spent as they were allocated by Congress.
Webb’s mysterious little red dots may be hiding entire galaxies
Astronomers may finally have a clue to what happens to the mysterious “little red dots” that crowded the early universe. By studying a spiral galaxy nicknamed the “Saguaro,” researchers found a compact, bright red center that closely resembles these distant objects—but with something Webb usually can’t see around them: a full galaxy. When the team simulated what the Saguaro would look like much farther away, its spiral structure essentially vanished, leaving only the bright red core.
The most important NFL QB this season, plus questions on the Lakers sale
The Pulse Newsletter 📣 | This is The Athletic’s daily sports newsletter. Sign up here to receive The Pulse directly in your inbox. Good morning. RIP, Tommy John. Coming up: Jones’ incredible recovery 😶🌫️ Questions on Lakers sale 🏅 Taurasi’s big day So many things happen during the course of an NFL season that it’s easy to forget specifics. A lot can happen in 272 regular-season games. So forgive me if I read this story and immediately thought: Remember when Philip Rivers came out of retirement last year? After four years away? That was wild. It’s...
What happens to the secrets you share with AI
How tech companies use your data to recommend content and target advertising.
Chicago police warn of man robbing businesses at knifepoint on Northwest Side
The armed robberies happened in the Avondale, Logan Square, and Portage Park neighborhoods between July 31 and August 15.
Coppa Italia Live: Follow Sunday’s First Round fixtures and results
Check the line-ups and live scores as they happen in the Coppa Italia First Round, with Frosinone-Juve Stabia (18:00 local time), Genoa-Ascoli (18:30), Hellas Verona-Virtus Entella (20:45) and Lazio-M...
What Happens to Your Bone Health When You Take Vitamin D With Calcium?
Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium, so taking them together can optimize their benefits.
Things to do in Cincinnati this week, Aug. 17-23
If you're looking for the best events happening in Cincinnati, you're at the right place. Find your next concert, game, festival or family event.
Disneyland brings back classic entertainment for 2027
‘Remember… Dreams Come True,’ Magic Happens and the original ‘World of Color’ return next year.
Beloved Entertainment Returns to Disneyland Resort in 2027
Fan-favorite Disneyland entertainment returns in 2027, including Remember... Dreams Come True, World of Color, and Magic Happens.
Another Night, Another One-Run Loss: Rays 3, Orioles 4
It’s not often you see the losing team have more base hits, draw more walks, and strike out 10 fewer times than the victor, but that is exactly what happened tonight in a 4-3 Rays defeat. Simply put, the Rays had plenty of chances in this game, but left 12 men on base while going […]
Nahuel Tenaglia, La Liga 2026/2027's first goalscorer
We already have the first goalscorer of the 2026/2027 La Liga season, and it came in Alavés vs Getafe. After a first half in which very little happened, Alavés vs Getafe came to life in the second h...
Iran business leader admits U.S. blockade will inflict more economic damage than war, and the ‘worst thing that could happen’ is trying to evade it
The head of the Iran-China Joint Chamber of Commerce said "the consequences of the blockade far outweigh those of a direct war."
What happened to the cast of 'L.A. Law'? Where the stars of Steven Bochco’s legal drama are now
'L.A. Law' gave equal time to the courtroom, the boardroom, and the bedroom as it followed the attorneys and staff of a high-powered Los Angeles firm. See what the stars have been up to 40 years after its premiere.
Bergenfield Theater Set to Become Restaurant, Entertainment Spot
A restaurant and entertainment concept is taking shape at 58-60 South Washington Ave. in Bergenfield. Diners will eat on the first floor. The second floor is where the action happens….
D23 Expo 2026 Entertainment Showcase: Every Disney Movie & TV Show Announcement (Live Updates)
Disney's D23 Expo is happening in Anaheim, California, and we have all the movie and TV show details from the Disney Entertainment Showcase, updated live.
Entertainment with the Illinois Times
There's more than just the Illinois State Fair happening in Springfield -- including music and remembrances of the 1908 Springfield race riots.
The Great Barrier Reef isn’t dead yet. According to News Corp that makes climate science a ‘pseudo-religion’
‘High coral cover is evidence of recovery and resilience, not evidence that the disturbances causing mortality didn’t happen’, scientist says
What's happening at the Waunakee Public Library
Circulation desk—608-849-4217 waupl@waupl.org
Op-ed | When mental health crises happen, New Yorkers deserve more than one option
On a recent summer morning in Queens, Jordyn encountered a neighbor she knew to be living with a serious mental health condition. He had been pacing the block
Mid-Michigan entertainment for the weekend of Aug. 14-16 and beyond
Check out what’s happening around the area this weekend.
A new happy hour in the Marigny features a special performer: A singing dog named Skinny
After decades at Pat O’Brien’s, the pandemic forced Henrietta Alves to find a new gig. She didn’t expect to get a singing dog as a bandmate in the Marigny, but that’s exactly what happened.
‘You Never Know What Happens’ – Joe Burrow Breaks Silence on Noise Around Jayden Daniels-LSU Controversy
Washington Commanders quarterback Jayden Daniels’ feud with the LSU Tigers has continued to escalate after he sent a letter to the SEC giants expressing his disappointment about a player using his No. 5 jersey.
The Atlantic Ocean can handle more warming than expected
Scientists have found that the AMOC may be far more vulnerable to rapid warming than to temperature alone. When warming happens slowly, the ocean can adapt, but at faster rates similar to today’s, the massive Atlantic circulation could reach a tipping point at much lower temperatures.
Fall Open Streets 2026 Celebrates Healthy Hearts, Healthy Brains
The Lawton-Fort Sill Open Streets Committee and its partnering agencies are proud to announce the Fall Open Streets event, happening September 19th, from 10:00 a.m. –&nb
Hazmat incident at Hudson business sends 16 people to hospitals
Sixteen people were hospitalized at an industrial business in Hudson, Massachusetts, on Thursday, fire officials said. A chemical process is believed to have contributed to what happened, according to the Hudson Fire Department, which called in a Hazardous Materials team to help respond to the incident, reported about 8:47 a.m. on Parmenter Road. Employees at the business reported serious illnesses,…
Jennifer Aniston’s Surprising Response to Brad Pitt Breaking His Sobriety Finally Revealed: ‘What Happened to Jen Was Painful’
Are they on good terms?
AI needs science’s search history
“Actually, that’s where the gold is,” said Alasdair Russell, my graduate school friend who leads a pre-clinical genome editing group at Cambridge. He was talking about the winding road of science that is omitted from published papers. “When you’re discussing how to do the experiment, and why this way is better than another way, and what does the data really mean? I know what it shows, but what does it mean?” At RAAIS 2026, he described how his group has begun logging the twisting path of discovery as it happens, recording the verbal and written exchanges that normally disappear. Ideas become nodes in a living graph: they branch when a meeting produces two plausible experiments, merge when separate lines of evidence converge, and go dark when someone quietly stops pursuing them. In his implementation, one agent scores novelty, while another tries to learn “how scientists think and how they navigate through a complex world of data,” so that high-potential nodes can trigger deeper investigation. As frontier AI labs deploy agents toward scientific discovery, giving AI authentic scientific taste remains a trillion-dollar dilemma. The bottleneck is that the record we have kept for centuries of science might be insufficient to get us there. The experiments that never make the paper Peter Medawar, 1960 Nobel laureate and “father of transplantation,” asked in 1963 whether the scientific paper was a fraud, and answered yes: the form of the paper misrepresents the thinking that produced it. Sixty years on, the diagnosis is unchanged. A paper presents a clean progression from hypothesis to result to conclusion. Lost along the way are the unconventional theories, the abandoned or unaffordable methods, and the underwhelming and inconclusive data. It reads like a browser history with every dead end deleted: the ten open tabs, the four rephrased queries, the wrong turn down a subforum. All scrubbed, leaving one clean path from question to answer as the canonical path. What has changed since then is that the discarded material is now worth something. No high-impact journal wants these artifacts, but raw trial and error is the most likely source of the training data required to develop scientific intuition, or what researchers call taste. Earlier attempts to capture the discards were motivated by scientific integrity. The Journal of Negative Results in Biomedicine launched in 2002 to publish rigorous studies that disputed established models or exposed ineffective treatments. Its archive preserved negative conclusions after they had become papers, rather than the live alternatives and arguments that produced them. BioMed Central closed it in 2017, saying the mission had been served now that other journals publish null results. A less generous reading is that in fifteen years it published around 200 papers because almost nobody wants to read a negative result, let alone write one up when it will not count toward academic tenure. AI models are different. Even an uninteresting negative result can be useful, provided it is labeled. Earlier this year, Anthropic put a version of this to the test. The company pulled 129 decision points from real Claude Code sessions between January and March 2026, showed models the work up to a human detour, and asked what should happen next. Claude Mythos Preview beat the human choice 64% of the time, while Opus 4.5 managed 51%. The comparison was tilted toward the models because Anthropic deliberately chose moments where the human decision had room for improvement. On 127 further scenarios where the human action was already strong, the models improved on it only about 20% of the time. The study was possible because Anthropic’s researchers work inside a tool that logs by default. The reasoning, detours and outcome are produced in the same working environment. Biology has no equivalent. Its reasoning happens in hallways, at benches, in Slack threads and on whiteboards, while the outcome arrives weeks later somewhere else. The record has to emerge from the work itself. Ask scientists to reconstruct it afterwards and we’ll create another polished account. Subscribe A log is not a label Before any of this becomes training data, a negative result has to say what failed. The first paper published in the Journal of Negative Results in Biomedicine examined 234 negative studies across five leading medical journals. Only 30% discussed statistical power, and half clearly defined a primary outcome. Tell a model an experiment failed, without telling it whether the assay was underpowered, a reagent had degraded, or the hypothesis was simply wrong, and it will learn noise with confidence. Decision histories have a second missing label too. When a lab considers five experiments and runs one, only the chosen branch returns an outcome. The other four are experimental counterfactuals. Researchers call this the selective labels problem: the data reveal results only for the actions someone chose to take. Such a record can teach a model to imitate a lab’s taste, but it cannot establish that the taste was good. It also smuggles local constraints into general lessons. A lab that never ran cryo-EM because it did not own a microscope teaches a model that cryo-EM is rarely the right call. Alasdair’s nodes preserve the candidate set, which is the necessary first step. To be useful, each decision record needs six fields: The evidence available at that moment, and nothing that arrived later. The candidates considered, including the ones dismissed in a sentence. For each candidate: the expected result, the confidence attached to it, and the cost in time and money. The route chosen, and the reason. What happened next. How the evidence changed the scientist’s view. These must be timestamped before the outcome, because hindsight turns uncertainty into inevitability. Disagreement also has to survive. Averaging three scientists into one clean rationale reproduces exactly the information loss we are trying to fix. But there is an obvious failure mode here. Once decisions are logged and scored, people log for the record post-facto. Anyone who has watched an electronic lab notebook fill up with retrospective tidying knows how quickly a research tool becomes a compliance exercise. A record that costs a scientist ten minutes of honest reflection per decision is worth far more than one that costs an hour of performance. A publication initiative called Registered Reports offers a useful starting point. Here, researchers submit their rationale, methods and analysis plan for peer review before the data exist, and the journal commits in principle to publish if they follow the approved plan. Nature has now expanded the format across every field it covers. This approach to paper writing timestamps intent before the outcome, but it freezes one plan. A useful search history must also preserve how the plan changed, which alternatives were rejected, when, and on what evidence. Subscribe Run the runner-up Autonomous labs show what happens when decisions and outcomes are connected in a loop. Liverpool’s mobile robotic chemist ran 688 experiments over eight days in a ten-variable formulation space. A batched Bayesian search used each result to choose the next experiments and found photocatalyst mixtures six times more active than the starting formulations. Every completed experiment changed what the system did next. The robot optimized within a goal and search space that humans had already chosen. It did not decide which scientific question mattered. So what this work demonstrates is narrower, but still useful: a search history pays off when the options return standardized outcomes quickly. Open-ended biology is harder because branches can take weeks and the discarded alternatives may never be run. Some exploration therefore has to be bought. Where two branches are plausible and the stakes justify the cost, a lab should sometimes run the runner-up. Otherwise the record captures what today’s scientists usually chose and stays silent on what they systematically overlooked. A funder could ring-fence a small fraction of a grant for the branch not taken, provided that the decision record and the outcome are both deposited. That costs money, but so does having every lab rediscover the same abandoned path. Test whether taste transfers When it comes time to evaluate if our new AI system exhibits taste, the comparison should run across laboratories and fields. At selected decision points in a live research campaign, we should freeze the six fields: the evidence, the candidates, expected results, confidence, costs and the choice made. Experts then rank the options before the outcomes are known, and those outcomes are checked independently later. We could give models one of two diets - papers alone, or papers plus decision histories - and ask them to rank the next experiment on unfamiliar projects. Then, we score information gained per dollar and week, calibration, and how quickly weak branches are abandoned. If histories improve choices only inside the lab that produced them, they amount to useful organizational memory. If they improve choices on unfamiliar problems elsewhere, Alasdair’s group will have captured something science has never managed to write down: a transferable record of taste. Until that happens, a scientific search history is a promising record, not yet a training set.
Allen County Fair to bring entertainment, classic fun this year
The Allen County Fair is coming up, and manager Troy Elwer is in with the details about some of the events and happenings!
Wildlife experts share new details on Jackie the bald eagle’s health before her death
As the Big Bear community and wildlife enthusiasts around the world continue to mourn the death of Jackie, many still have questions about what happened to the famous bald eagle and what’s ne…
Why Were Polls So Wrong in the Wisconsin Governor’s Race?
Francesca Hong, the democratic socialist running in Wisconsin’s Democratic primary for governor, had a double-digit lead in polls as recently as last week. Then she lost. What happened?
This Shouldn’t Be Happening
There is absolutely no reason for any college athlete to be playing at 3:00 A.M.
Top things to do in Gainesville this weekend and beyond
Here's a look at what's happening this weekend and beyond in Gainesville entertainment.
Scientists define a new category of heat wave: ‘Snow eaters’
Unseasonably warm weather that rapidly melts snowpack is becoming more widespread in the U.S. West and happening earlier in the year.
Scientists define a new category of heat wave: ‘Snow eaters’
Unseasonably warm weather that rapidly melts snowpack is becoming more widespread in the U.S. West and happening earlier in the year.
Dolphins Filmed Hunting With Shells – And Possibly Passing The Skill to Their Offspring
"The second I saw that shell in the air, I immediately knew what was happening."
Browns, Jets Get Intriguing Trade Idea for Vikings’ J.J. McCarthy
On Aug. 11, the Minnesota Vikings decided to call off the QB competition between J.J. McCarthy and Kyler Murray. The Vikings decided that Murray will be the team’s QB1 ahead of the 2026 NFL season and can start getting reps with the first team. With Murray now the starter, the question is what happens with […] The post Browns, Jets Get Intriguing Trade Idea for Vikings’ J.J. McCarthy appeared first on HEAVY.
'They all happen to be Republican': Curley not surprised WA ranked 38th best state to start a business
KIRO host John Curley wasn't surprised to find out Washington was ranked near the bottom on WalletHub's list of best states to start a business.
Was There Really A Quarterback Competition For The Minnesota Vikings?
Kyler Murray is the starter, but was there any chance of the opposite happening?
My partner is monitoring his sleep score, steps and fibre intake. He has become a dry shite
Tell Me About It: What happened to spending half the day in bed, eating chocolate, wine and olives?
NH's Business: What's happening with state's 2nd-largest revenue-generating industry: tourism?
Fred Kocher sits down with Lucy Lange, commissioner of the New Hampshire Department of Business and Economic Affairs, to discuss whether Canadian visits are rebounding after a big drop last year.
Crash closes southbound U.S. 41 Business in Venice
The incident happened about 6:45 a.m. at the intersection of U.S. 41 and San Marco Drive.
How polarised is European politics? Here’s how your generation, gender and where you live affect what you believe
Discussions in the media about the generational divide in politics only capture part of what is happening.
All-powerful Trump tells America, ‘Nothing bad can happen’
Just one of the wild actions and comments on Donald Trump’s manic Monday would rank among the most notorious things another president ever did.
Long list of embarrassing WNBA incidents is what happens when sports leagues made politics their primary focus
From Caitlin Clark's treatment to Sophie Cunningham's stance on trans athletes, the WNBA's political battles are overshadowing the sport itself.
Long list of embarrassing WNBA incidents is what happens when sports leagues made politics their primary focus
From Caitlin Clark's treatment to Sophie Cunningham's stance on trans athletes, the WNBA's political battles are overshadowing the sport itself.
Opinion | Haims: Science is closing in on why we age
For nearly all of human history, aging has been accepted as something that simply happens. Bodies ware down, organs falter and the only reasonable response is to endure it with as much grace as one...
Galaxy S26 FE specs leak alongside a higher price tag
Ahead of its launch that will likely happen next month, Samsung’s Galaxy S26 FE has had its full specs leak...
PHOTOS : Science Stroll Draws Crowd To Woods Hole
Woods Hole was buzzing with curiosity during the annual Science Stroll, as families filled the village for hands-on activities and a look at the ocean science happening in their own
Bose CEO Lila Snyder on the fight for high-quality audio
Snyder on the company’s move into luxury audio, licensing the Bose brand, and what happens to great sound in the AI era.
Rangers linked to former 2nd overall pick in NHL Draft
The Rangers need to make this move happen.
Opinion | When political rhetoric clashes with the social worker’s ethics code
Those in the mental health community and adjacent to it must face what’s happening right now to our colleagues and clients, writes a regional leader of the national association of social workers.
Scientists Catch a Hidden Electronic State Forming Almost Instantly
Researchers observed a hidden state triggered by light forming within 30 femtoseconds. A pulse of light sent a metal-organic framework into a hidden electronic state in just 30 femtoseconds. By watching the transformation almost as it happened, researchers uncovered a fleeting intermediate stage that appears to guide the material into its new state. The work
The world's leading AI companies struggle to contain latest models
There's been a recent string of cybersecurity incidents among the world's leading AI models. Here's a look at what's happened.
Science 4 Everyone: The difference between a storm and sanitary sewer system
What happens to the sewage system when it rains a lot? Storm Team4 meteorologist and science teacher Ryan Miller explains the difference between a storm and sanitary sewer system.
Made by Google 2026 Launch Live: Pixel 11, Pixel 11 Pro Fold, Pixel Watch 5, Gemini, and all the news
The Pixel event is happening next week, and we're tracking all the news and everything you need to know!
Santa Monica Block Fest brings much-needed boost to downtown businesses
The block fests happen every second Saturday of the month from 5 p.m. to midnight and are free to the public.
Things to do in Cincinnati this week, Aug. 10-16
If you're looking for the best events happening in Cincinnati, you're at the right place. Find your next concert, game, festival or family event.
What happens when progressives stop reproducing?
A research finding indicates that a significant demographic divide is emerging in America, where lower birth rates among progressive, highly educated populations contrast with the stable fertility …
Sophie Cunningham and the Fever are focusing on basketball. Does anyone care?
The Fever and Aces played a highly entertaining basketball game Thursday night. Though other things happened around the basketball part.
Speeding driver plows through South St. Louis County sidewalk, foot from crashing into a business
St. Louis County Police said the incident happened around 2:40 a.m. Aug. 7. The driver admitted to speeding and losing control to officers on the scene, according to a statement from police.
South Congress business owner frustrated by repeated water main breaks
A South Congress business owner is frustrated by repeated water main breaks outside his shop. He says he loses business every time it happens.
Quiz: Test your knowledge of Wales' sporting week
How much attention have you paid to what has happened in Welsh sport over the past seven days?
Mid-Michigan entertainment for the weekend of Aug. 7-9 and beyond
Check out what’s happening around town this weekend.
Colorado must continue finding common ground on wildfire policy
By John Herrick Colorado has never lacked for opinions about wildfire policy. We debate forest management, climate change, prescribed burns, land use, air quality and budgets. Those debates are familiar territory, but a new discussion is beginning to happen around the use of chemical retardant in aerial firefighting. Before I became an attorney and served […]
Hometown Entertainment: Comic Con, concerts and free festivals this weekend
Big Lick Comic Con returns to the Berglund Center, and is one of several fun local events happening this weekend
A hidden conversation inside injured tissue may hold clues to regeneration
When tissue is damaged, healing isn't simply a matter of growing new cells. The body also has to know when to stop growing and begin rebuilding. If those steps happen out of order, the tissue may never fully recover.Researchers, led by Arizona State University Associate Professor Rob Harris, have discovered what appears to be a previously unrecognized communication system that helps coordinate those two stages of repair.
What happened at Browns training camp? Day 8 live updates
The Browns have reached Day 8 of training camp, the final phase of the install process. Follow here for updates throughout.
Arts and entertainment events happening August 6th-9th across the Mid-Ohio Valley
Jeff Dewitt joins Daybreak to discuss what’s happening August 6th-9th across the Mid-Ohio Valley!
Snoop Dogg and Backstreet Boys’ Kevin Richardson meet after ‘separated at birth?’ twin meme
For years, the internet has said Snoop Dogg and Kevin Richardson look alike. Here’s what happened when they were photographed together: ‘It finally happened… iykyk’
Byron business celebrates grand opening thanks to Business Builder Grant
"I've had this picture in my mind for, honestly, three to five years. I was like, ‘It would be great if we could have this little farm store.’ This grant helped make it happen." —Stacey Freitag, co-owner, Free Day Popcorn
Inside the Oval Office showdown between Trump and Jeanine Pirro
The showdown shows anyone who is willing to contradict a theory trumpeted by the president is in trouble, even if the dissenter happens to be among his closest family friends.
Google Is Finally Shutting Down the Google Assistant. Here's What Android Users Need to Know
The big change involving the Google Assistant and Gemini happens soon. Users will not be able to switch back.
Why Flutter Entertainment (FLUT) Shares Are Trading Lower Today
What Happened? Shares of global online betting powerhouse Flutter Entertainment (NASDAQ:FLUT) fell 8.4% in the morning session after the company reported mix...
See detailed plasma whirlpools in new video of the sun’s surface
Video published in a study Wednesday supports a theory of what happens on the sun’s surface.
He posted about this controversial medical test. Then came the backlash
Andrew Huberman's recent comments about full-body MRIs sparked a new wave of controversy. Here's what happened.
He posted about this controversial medical test. Then came the backlash
Andrew Huberman's recent comments about full-body MRIs sparked a new wave of controversy. Here's what happened.
Chartbook 464 The"China squeeze" - the politics of development counterfactuals.
There are three types of China shock discourse. Each has a distinct temporal register. China shock 1.0 was a phrase coined by US academics in the 2010s to retrospectively summarize the impact on particular US labour markets, which they identified through painstaking empirical investigation. China shock 2.0 on everyone’s lips in Europe in the mid 2020s is an alarm raised by trans-Atlantic policy thinkers warning of a coming disaster which they project onto Europe’s ailing car industry. The third type of China shock discourse - commonly known as the “China squeeze” launched most recently by Indian economists Shoumitro Chatterjee and Arvind Subramanian in the pages of Foreign Affairs - mobilizes a different, more speculative temporal register: the counterfactual realm of alternate history. The China squeeze argument asks not what has happened, or what is going to happen, but what might have been. Specifically, what options for economic development might have been open to Global South economies like India or the economies of sub-Saharan Africa, had it not been for China’s spectacular industrialization since the late 1990s and the persistent competitiveness of China’s manufacture in low-skilled segments. Chatterjee and Subramanian’s argument is that whilst China has built a powerful position in electrical machinery and other high-skill manufacturing, which is now delivering China Shock 2.0, it also continues to run a trade surplus in low-skill, labour-intensive manufacturing. This surplus is large and has remained largely unchanged in fifteen years. Indeed, in the 2010s, in trade with low-income countries, China’s surplus rapidly increased. On their reading, this squeezes low-income producers in low-skill sectors in which they “should” be able to compete. Source: “China’s Mercantilist Squeeze on Developing Countries” Shoumitro Chatterjee and Arvind Subramanian. Peterson Institute for International Economics 26-7 May 2026 Chatterjee and Subramanian’s wording is telling: (emphasis mine) The canonical trajectory of economic development in the post-World War II period is for countries to transition from agriculture to manufacturing, first in low-skilled manufacturing and then later on to high-skill manufacturing (Herrendorf, Rogerson, and Valentinyi 2013). At the global level, this implies that high-income countries (HICs) that once specialized in low-skilled activities cede manufacturing export space to poorer countries that come along to occupy that space. In 1965, advanced economies accounted for about 60 percent of global value-added exports in four key low-skilled manufacturing sectors, i.e., apparel, leather, textiles, and footwear. Over time this share declined and began to be occupied first by the East Asian tigers and, beginning in the late 1990s, by China. Today China accounts for about 50 percent of the global market. The question is whether China, with its rising prosperity, is continuing to behave like its richer counterparts and ceding export space to poorer followers or to behave unlike them and continuing to occupy space. In terms of the conceptual maneuvers it performs, of the three China shock discourses, the “China squeeze” argument is by far the most ambitious. After all, it bases its critique of China on a counterfactual imagining of the world. Like any counterfactual argument, to construct this alternative reality it must rely on a heuristic model. To make their argument Chatterjee and Subramanian mobilize two key claims. The first reference point is the actual history of rich-country industrialization, what they refer to as the “canonical path”. The idea is that countries transition from agriculture to light industry and low-skilled manufacturing and from there up the value chain. To make this useful as a standard of comparison and a means to construct a normative standard, they adjust sectoral export shares for two factors: 1. the underlying level of economic development of the exporting country, as measured by national income and 2. the degree to which the sector in question is internationalized. The idea being that for a high income country to have a high export share in low-skill sectors is anomalous and even more so if that particular product is highly internationalized and thus suitable for being “conceded” to lower-income competitors. Where should this process end? Here Chatterjee and Subramanian introduce their second benchmark. Their normative idea of a global development path is one in which, in due course, low-skill manufacturing exports are distributed in proportion to a country’s share in the global labour force. They imagine, in other words, a world of proportional, polycentric global development without much national specialization in low-skill manufacturing. A useful benchmark is that, in labor-intensive manufacturing sectors, a country’s share of world exports should be broadly commensurate with its share of the world’s low-skilled labor endowment. … In the Heckscher-Ohlin model, this would be true if value added per worker and export propensities, i.e., fraction of output that is exported, are the same across countries. It is this pleasant liberal vista of orderly global development, progressing towards a general distribution of low-skilled manufacturing against which they judge reality and conclude that the low-income countries are suffering a “China squeeze”. China is not exiting low-skill sectors fast enough Allowing for its gdp level and the degree of globalization, China’s share of low-skill manufacturing exports is far higher than it “should” be. Relative to population, its low-skill share of exports is far too high. That in turn yields the conclusion that huge numbers of jobs - the authors suggest tens of millions - are being hoarded by China. For the four sectors captured in figure 4, this excess in value-added exports is $110 billion in 2022. For all low-skilled sectors overall captured in appendix figure D.1, excess value-added exports amount to $365 billion. The crowding out of LMIC exports by China is therefore substantial. Both these claims have in common that they are strong structuralisms. The first is that development paths ought to resemble each other. The second is that broadly speaking as far as low-skilled manufacturing is concerned, all countries are alike. If the world currently diverges from the distribution of trade implied by these assumptions, if China is not following the advanced economy path and has huge exports, this must be the result of “policy”, which the authors then put in question as illegitimate or unfair. Thus the naturalistic construction of a canonical path leading to a “level” distribution of low-skilled manufacturing reveals itself to be a polemical tool. From the point of view of China shock polemics, this discourse is no doubt welcome. But as an account of economic history, it must surely be regarded as nothing short of bamboozling. Development paths do not follow a regular, natural sequence. As David Fishman put it aptly, “development is not a queue”. They are always and everywhere, through and through political. Development is not so much a process, as a project. Each such project is more or less well adjusted to its context. As Gerschenkron taught uneven and combined development implies differentiation rather than simple imitation on a single parth. It may be true that Europe and the US exited relatively early from low-skill work. But clearly technology has changed. As C&S themselves point out, China no longer enjoys a low wage environment. Do they really believe that such huge differences can be accounted for either by industrial policy, which as they admit does not operate powerfully in low-skill sectors, or by exchange rate manipulation? What is overwhelmingly dominant in explaining the persistence of “low-skill” manufacturing in China are surely the network effects of complex supply chains. Indeed the label of “low-skill” may miss the point. The degree of globalization which Chatterjee and Subramanian decide to conjure away in their model of the development path - to allow for the fact that Europe and American textiles exporters did not enjoy just-in-time logistics in the 1950s - obscures the point that the networks through which Chinese factories supply the world are themselves key parts of the low-skill industrialization project. China isn’t knocking out 1970s style “cheap”. It has redefined the entire product cycle. C&S’s casual reference to “T-shirts” is telling. In today’s “fast fashion”, there is weight on both terms. Fashion and fast. China’s success in delivering on both at unprecedentedly high speed and at unprecedentedly low cost, isn’t a low-skill operation at all. If we see development trajectories not as the serial repetition of the same, but as distinctive, crafted projects that cumulate in complex agglomerations of skill, technology and labor, then this explains why the assumption that low-skilled manufacturing should follow the distribution of population flies in the face of all experience. As countless cases attest, low-wage, low-income developed economies are not by themselves the makings of a competitive production base. As Leon Liao puts it quite fairly: “International trade has never been allocated according to population. A country’s population gives it no natural claim to an equivalent share of global exports." And the remarkable fact is that Subramanian alone and with co-authors has long been making this point, not to pillory China, as is the case of the tendentious _Foreign Affair_s and Peterson pieces, but to highlight the great counterpart to China’s industrial success, namely India’s relative failure. The much-quoted Foreign Affairs piece showed low-skill export shares only for China, not for India. If you put both countries in the picture as Chaterjee and Subramanian have done on other occasions, the picture looks like this. China is far above the line, but India, almost as large in terms of population, is no less anomalous, just in the opposite direction. As far as global populations are concerned, and the imagining of tens of millions of “squeezed” jobs, it is this Sino-Indian pair that account for a huge share of the action. What this graph reveals is not China’s cheating, but India’s “greatest development failure”, at least this is the argument made Arvind Subramanian, this time in co-authorship with Devesh Kapur, in their major book, A Sixth of Humanity. Independent India’s Development Odyssey which appeared with Oxford University Press earlier this year. In this highly critical work on India’s development, China is repeatedly evoked, not to criticize but as a benchmark against which to illuminate what India’s political economy has not delivered i.e. large-scale formal employment for hundreds of millions of citizens. Kapur and Subramanian leave no doubt, if you want to understand why China, not India was the main driver of manufacturing globalization from the 1980s, don’t look to slots opening up in the division of labour thanks to the liberal mindedness of advanced economies, look to the contrasting political economy of the Maoist PRC and India’s post-independence political economy. As Kapur and Subramian note: The great divergence between China and India did not begin in 1978 with the Deng reforms—it was well underway by then. In one of the great ironies of modern history, the conditions created by Maoism turned out to be a great launching pad for industrial globalization. As the comparison of India and China in 1980 makes clear, to imagine manufacturing would be equally distributed when populations are so differently endowed in terms of educational and nutritional is fanciful. Here is the data from Kapur and Subramanian, data which I explored back at the very beginning of Chartbook. As Kapur and Subramanian insist, the striking fact is that even as India’s growth accelerated from the 1980s, structural change has not. Formal employment in India lags woefully behind. Why? As Kapur and Subramanian note, the path-dependent impact of India’s poor early start was devastating. The list of factors they mention is long and weighty: We argue for a new five-fold explanation applicable at different stages of Indian history: in the initial stages, the legacy of two key pre-1980s policies, the neglect of agriculture and the strangling of the domestic private sector, were critical. The failure of broad-based agricultural growth militated against rural industrialization, which would have been devoted to satisfying local needs that would have necessarily been labour intensive. Then, when the boom came after 1980, the thicket of regulation and broader labour protections that were legislated prematurely in a nascent democracy, underpinned by a deep ideological aversion to private capital in general and big capital specifically, became a barrier to attaining the size that would be necessary to compete globally. Similarly, the reforms after 1991, while wide-ranging, did not quite encompass non-tradeable inputs critical to manufacturing, namely, land, logistics infrastructure and power. A combination of low investment (logistics infrastructure), regulation (land) and the continued monopoly supply by state governments (power), combined with residual socialism, kept costs at 75–100 per cent above efficient supply. These factors were compounded on the supply side by the government, which dominated the formal labour market and established exorbitantly high wages at the lower end of the skill spectrum. This made their employment in the labour-intensive sector by the private sector less attractive. Finally, when the services sector and its exports boomed, wages soared even further via a Dutch Disease effect: one successful tradeable sector killed and cannibalized another less-skilled tradable sector, namely, manufacturing. Thus, scarcity-inducing policies of the planning era, precocious democracy and a Gandhian aversion to size; inefficient, monopolistic supply of critical non-tradable inputs; the behemoth of government; and super-successful skill-intensive services successively undermined India’s unskilled labour employment opportunities. The employment failure seems to have been over-determined. … Less quantifiable but no less important are some of the sociological factors that have undermined manufacturing and factory jobs. Take the impact of the success of the IT sector—located in urban areas with better working conditions, such as air-conditioned offices, good schools for children and attractive entertainment options. It became a more attractive place for engineering and management graduates to flock to. … Consider manufacturing and female employment. Indian society makes it difficult for women to work, reflected in India’s unusually low female labour force participation (elaborated in Chapter XIII). Indian society, in particular the routine harassment of women in public spaces, makes it even more difficult for them to travel long distances to take up work.37 Combined with onerous regulations on creating hostels and dormitories for women—which, in turn, prevents multiple shifts of operation—factories need to be located in areas with a large female labour pool. While firms can take apparel plants to female labour or bring them to the plants by building large-scale dormitories, this raises costs. If there was a case for subsidies to encourage labour-intensive manufacturing, housing subsidies to build dormitories for women workers would be a good place to start. All of this meant, that when opportunities did open up, in part thanks to adjustments in China, India was in no position to take advantage. Here is the account of the 2020s from Kapur and Subramanian. It stands in dizzying contrast to the one-sided, “China squeeze” argument delivered in the Peterson and Foreign Affairs pieces: In 2022, for example, India’s share of global exports in clothing (the canonical labour-intensive sector) was 3.1 per cent compared to 32 per cent for China. This is extremely disappointing because China started vacating export space in this sector after the Global Financial Crisis as its wages started rising; it then vacated further space in the aftermath of geopolitical developments that led investors to seek alternative investment locations. Between its peak and today, China lost about 7.5 percentage points of global export share (worth about $43 billion in 2022); over this period, India’s export share remained stagnant at 3 per cent, while that of Vietnam and Bangladesh rose by 3.5 to 4 percentage points. China’s loss did not translate into any gain for India in terms of low-skill exports and employment. Put differently, when the conditions for dynamism and prosperity were established after 1991, and even more tantalizingly when the global export opportunities opened up, it was as if India was a high-wage economy and only skilled labour could benefit from the dynamism. It had converted its physically abundant unskilled workforce into an economically expensive resource, penalizing its use. It is not my mission here to argue for or against Kapur and Subramanian’s interpretation of India’s development trajectory. The point in this context is simply that the “China squeeze” such as it is can only be understood, in relation to the heavy burden of domestic constraints that Kapur and Subramanian so unsparingly enumerate. I am concentrating here on India because it is the great counterpart to China and the unspoken reference point of the “China squeeze” discourse. But the point is more general. Can anyone with a straight face suggest that the main problems afflicting the development of South Africa or Nigeria, the great centers of mass underemployment in sub-saharan Africa, are cheap competition from China driven by Beijing’s industrial policy and an undervalued RMB? Likewise, is the main problem of the American working-class the threat of Chinese competition or the manifest crisis of social reproduction in the United States itself? The point here, as in the discourse around China shock 2.0 in Europe, is to insist that we should not normalize the world and pathologize China, without actually investigating what is going on in America’s industrial wastelands, the German car industry, or India’s lopsided labour market. One-sided pathologization should be understood for what it is, a polemical gesture. Concepts like China shock and China squeeze are, what Reinhart Koselleck, following Carl Schmitt, would have described as “asymmetrische Kampfbegriffe”, or “asymmetrical counter-concepts” or “asymmetrical combat concepts”. If the function of arguments like the “China squeeze” is to alert elites in the rest of the world of the need to rejuvenate and energize their development projects, so be it. But let us see the resulting discourses as the mobilizing interventions that they are. Interestingly, a significant slice of China’s public sphere - the so-called industrial party - have been obsessed for the last twenty years with precisely these questions of counterfactual economic history. Since the mid 2000s, a massive online discourse developed around an alternative history in which Chinese techno-patriots were asked to imagine how they would proceed if they had the possibility of traveling back in time to transport modern technology into the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) thus averting the “great divergence” of the 18th and 19th centuries. It is a fantasy of course, but also a goad. The point was not directed at Westerners. The alternate history is dramatically nationalist, but few n the West had even heard of it until recently. The adherents of the industrial party are not liberal moralists. They don’t project natural ladders of international development and ask why others don’t cede space. They take the Realpolitik of global economic development for granted. Their pointe was directed against fellow Chinese. The rallying cry of the alternative narrative was this: Now that we are beginning to gain steam and push forward on our national development path, now that we are breaking out of the inferior position assigned to us even in the early years following WTO accession, do not lose yourself in humanistic imaginings about better futures. In the spirit of Deng, they called on China to embrace the hard truth of development. Perhaps one might of the Industrial Party as a cultural trend born out of desire for symbolic revenge against those who had inflicted the century of humiliation. In terms of the various temporalities of the “China shock” - retrospective, prospective and counterfactual - one might think of the Industrial Policy discourse as truly speculative, conjuring up the China shock that never was. Or perhaps one might better think of it as imagining a world in which a powerful China was no shock at all, but simply a defining fact of modern history. I love putting out Chartbook. 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