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Merricks & Bitting publish reflective writing rubric in Journal of College Science Teaching

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Jun 3 • 8:00 AM EDT • Science • elon.edu

The Rabbit Hole of Everyday Questions with Emily Zhang

Emily Zhang has created dozens of YouTube videos, receiving over 300 million views on subjects from the physics of bowling to the invention of blue LED. This year she started Rabbit Hole, a channel that offers “extraordinary answers to everyday questions.” We spoke with Zhang — a 2025 winner of the National Academies’ Eric and Wendy Schmidt Awards for Excellence in Science Communications — about Rabbit Hole and her experiences with YouTube as a medium for science communication.

Jun 3 • 8:00 AM EDT • Science • nationalacademies.org

Elections to top science bodies test Croatia’s gender equality in research

Croatia’s track-record on gender equality in science has been both questioned and lauded in recent months, following both bad and good news on the topic. On the one hand, a senior awards committee was announced without a single woman researcher included. On the other, the national science academy welcomed its first cohort of fellows with more women than men.Members of the committee, which gives national awards recognising scientific achievement, are proposed by the ministry of science and endorsed by the parliament. The current line-up does include a woman, but she is culture minister Nina Obuljen Koržinek rather than a researcher. Even then, she didn’t make it into the photograph released to announce the appointments on April 16. “The image speaks a thousand words,” says Tanja Rudež, a science journalist for Jutarnji List newspaper. “I am surprised that none of these men, all well-known scientists, saw a problem with the fact that there was not a single successful female scientist on the committee,” she told Science|Business.Ivan Đikić, a prominent Croatian biochemist based at Goethe University Medical School, commented on LinkedIn that the news illustrated a “sad truth” about the state of science in Croatia.“It [. . .] reveals a system where women, despite contributing a substantial share of high-quality, internationally competitive science, are systematically excluded from the very processes that determine recognition and influence,” he wrote. Some 60% of researchers in Croatia are women, according to the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, and they perform well in international competitions. For example, of the 12 European Research Council (ERC) grants awarded to Croatian researchers, seven went to women.“So how is it possible that decision-making bodies are still dominated by men over 60, while not a single female ERC laureate is involved in the selection process?” asked Đikić. “This is not a marginal oversight; it is a structural failure.” The ministry of science did not reply to a request for comment. The awards committee is not unusual. For example, a scientific advisory body announced by the ministry of demographics in April comprises 35 men and five women. The board of the Croatian Science Foundation, newly appointed by the parliament, is a little better, with five men and two women, but still unequal. “This is especially significant because such bodies do not merely distribute prestige. They shape research priorities, funding allocation and long-term scientific development,” Marija Lugarić, chair of the parliament’s committee on gender equality, told Science|Business. “Representation here matters not only symbolically, but materially.”Referring to the awards committee and the board of the science foundation, Lugarić says that while both bodies were appointed by parliament, neither met the minimum 40% gender balance threshold that Croatian law and EU guidelines expressly recommend for public bodies.Đikić wants to see EU institutions put pressure on the government to ensure basic standards of fairness, transparency and democratic governance in science policy are met. “Meaningful change will not come without pressure,” he wrote. “It must intensify both within Croatia and at the level of European institutions. Anything less undermines the credibility of Europe’s commitment to excellence and inclusion in science.”Rudež also underlined the importance of talking and writing about this topic, “because public opinion in Croatia does influence changes in the status and visibility of women in science.”The European Commission has not yet responded to a request for comment.Good news from the academyA more positive story came from the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts on 21 May, with the announcement of seven new women fellows and five men. This is the first time in the academy’s 165-year history that women have outnumbered men in a new intake.One of the new fellows, two-time ERC grantee Iva Tolić, credits the academy leadership with trying to be more modern and inclusive, representing the whole community better. “The academy is really aware that so far, before this election, there were very few women,” she told Science|Business. “So, they are actively trying to make this more equal.”Related articlesExplained: How the MSCA is close to achieving gender balanceCall for EU to leverage academic freedom in global talent raceRudež is more cautious, noting that despite the academy’s “breakthrough this year [. . .] it is still a predominantly male institution, with only 18% women.”This reflects a wider imbalance in Croatia’s research landscape. “The key levers of power in science are still in the hands of men,” she went on. “For example, all 14 rectors of private and public universities are men.”Similarly, Lugarić says a structural glass ceiling still exists in Croatian science, which is “most visible precisely where power is exercised.”She cites data from the Commission’s She Figures 2024 report, which shows that Croatia ranks second in the EU for gender equality in research and innovation overall, with an equality index of 79.6 out of 100. It is in the top five for women’s career advancement, participation in research; representation across all research sectors and for scientific publications.In stark contrast, it ranks second to last when it comes to women in decision-making positions in science. “This is not a coincidence,” Lugarić says. “It is a structural pattern.”Informal barriersThe persistent under-representation of women in the highest structures of Croatia’s academies, boards, award committees and leadership positions is not down to formal barriers, Lugarić says, but arises from more subtle obstacles such as “informal networks, persistent expectations regarding traditional gender roles and the unequal distribution of care responsibilities.”Tolić would like to see more support for young women in terms of affordable housing and child support, and higher salaries. Currently, she says, salaries in science stay low for the first 10-15 years, while housing and spaces in kindergarten are limited and expensive. “You have to work a lot, you get very little money, so it’s not great to have a family in this situation,” she says.But despite the challenges, Tolić is optimistic, saying that gender equality in research in Croatia is “definitely improving and going in the right direction.” The situation is particularly promising in biology, she adds, where most full professors, heads of department and deans of faculties are women. Lugarić, too, see the glass ceiling “very slowly, cracking,” and cites the academy election as an example that structural change is possible. Yet the situation in the national awards committee is a “stark reminder that without a conscious, systemic commitment to gender balance, progress will remain slow and uneven.”

Jun 3 • 8:00 AM EDT • Science • sciencebusiness.net

The cult of objectivity has broken consciousness science

With 22 competing theories and no consensus in sight, the science of consciousness is lost. In this exclusive IAI interview, Berkeley psychedelics researcher and bestselling author of a new book on consciousness Michael Pollan insists that even though consciousness lies beyond traditional forms of scientific investigation, we should resist becoming dualists who see it as something radically different from ordinary stuff in the world. Instead, he makes the case for reimagining science itself: it must stop reaching for objective descriptions of physical reality, and instead embrace subjectivity as the indispensable core of all inquiry. Alasdair Craig: How did your experiences with psychedelics get you interested in consciousness?Michael Pollan: One of the things that happens on psychedelics is that they foreground consciousness. What formerly seemed perfectly transparent and ever present—and yet, non-existent, as water is to fish—suddenly you see it. The metaphor I use in the book is that psychedelics sponge the windscreen. Suddenly you realize: wow, there’s a windscreen, there is this phenomenon that’s mediating my relationship to reality. This is not an unusual realization on psychedelics. I think a lot of people are called to think about consciousness after psychedelic experiences. So that was the proximate inspiration for A World Appears: A Journey Into Consciousness (2026).And then there was a more specific way in which psychedelics influence the book. That was a particular experience I had on psilocybin. I had the sensation that the plants in my garden were conscious and returning my gaze, with their own point of view and agency, and I got curious as to how to evaluate an insight like that. I mean, what’s the truth quotient of insights you have on psychedelics? And I was reading William James—who, of course, wrote beautifully about mystical experience—and he said, we can’t judge the metaphysics here, but we should pay attention to two criteria: (1) How useful is it to think this is true? He was a pragmatist, of course. And (2) can we subject it to other ways of knowing to validate it? Because maybe we should treat these insights as hypotheses. And that’s kind of how I approach psychedelics, as a great generator of hypotheses, but they need to be tested against other ways of knowing. And so that led me down this long path exploring the science of plant intelligence and plant sentience.AC: I love your phrase, “smudging the windowpane of conscious experience.” So do you now start to think, actually, even when I’m not on psychedelics, I’m just seeing a screen all the time, which is not reality, but rather is my conscious experience, behind which reality is hidden?MP: Well, you know, not when I’m brushing my teeth and making breakfast! But yes, in meditation, certainly. I mean, one of the things you realize is that my experience happens to be this way now, but it could be another way. And many things can affect it. My morning coffee changes the screen in various ways, sharpens certain things.___The only tool we have to understand consciousness is consciousness.___There’s this wonderful metaphor in Aldous Huxley’s book, The Doors of Perception, where he thinks we channel consciousness, and that what the brain does is edit it, and there’s a reducing valve. And psychedelics open the reducing valve wider. I don’t know that I’m ready to buy into the idea that consciousness exists outside brains, but I do love that metaphor because there are times when you are more conscious than others. I know I’ve switched from window pane to valve, but you know, a camera aperture can open wider or narrower. And I do have a sense of that. I have a sense of when I’m being less conscious, and when I’m being more conscious, by which I mean, you know, more present, taking in more sensory information. So when you start thinking about consciousness as a matter of degree, that changes things also.I think when we scroll on social media, obviously, we’re conscious. But minimally so, because we don’t have to generate our own thoughts. We’re basically taking these little hits from other people and thinking their thoughts.The process of writing this book made me kind of relativize everyday consciousness as just one type, which is exactly what William James said. Normal consciousness is one type, separated by the flimsiest of screens from the other types.AC: If we stick with the metaphor of the smudge on the window that you get when you take psychedelics, it seems like we’re saying that consciousness has become like an object that you’re looking at, right? You’re looking at the smudge and that just is consciousness. But sometimes we’ll talk about consciousness as a state that you’re in, rather than an object you can perceive. You’re either conscious or you’re not conscious. So it’s difficult to really know what sort of thing we’re talking about when we talk about consciousness, right?MP: Yeah. When you say that consciousness is an object, what’s the subject? Consciousness also? The only tool we have to understand consciousness is consciousness. So we’re in a closed loop and when we get a perspective on consciousness, we’re not achieving any distance from it. That’s one of the problems with studying consciousness. Science is predicated on an objective, God’s eye view of things, and you never get that. There’s no such thing. SUGGESTED VIEWING The brain filters consciousness With Àlex Gómez-Marín But, yeah, there is this sense, I think, that consciousness is something you can approach. Certainly, when you’re writing and trying to recreate a conscious experience, it’s a fiction, but you’re standing back from it, and looking at it. But there’s no real subject-object distinction.AC: That’s so interesting, because when philosophers start talking about consciousness, they often talk about what they call “qualia”, which is their word for the felt experience of, say, the color red. And I think that way of speaking often makes us think of the qualia as an object, which you can see out there: the redness of red. But, as you say, we also want to collapse the subject-object distinction when we talk about consciousness. So there’s something strange going on here…MP: Oh, yeah, there are many strange things going on! *AC: Let’s talk about the varieties of consciousness. Apart from perceptions, there are, pains, emotions, thoughts, and so on. What is it that holds all this diversity together so that they all count as instances of consciousness? What is it that they all have in common?MP: Yeah, that’s a really good question. I mean, there is sensory information, right? Which we perceive coming from the world outside ourselves. And then there’s internal information, which is what’s called interoception. And this is very important too. This is where feelings come from—what are sometimes called homeostatic feelings—that are intended to get the brain to keep us in these narrow ranges of temperature and glucose and so on. That’s a very important part of consciousness. And according to some researchers, who I think are probably right, this is where consciousness begins, with these very primal feelings, like hunger and thirst and warmth and itch, and things like that. And then there’s this third thing, which is our thinking about thinking.And what holds all this together is, I think, the sense of self. Consciousness generates a self: it is probably an organizing principle. All this stuff is happening to the self. It’s a construct, I think, but it is very useful. It can connect all these different streams of consciousness to a single being or a place, metaphorically speaking.* AC: The first half of your book is about the science of consciousness. Is consciousness just another thing, like black holes or the origin of life, which we don’t yet understand, but which we should have every hope that science will one day get to the bottom of, or is there something special about consciousness that makes this unlikely?MP: It depends how you define science. As we define science now, it’s going be very difficult. Science since Galileo has had a set of rules or assumptions, which is that the proper remit of science is to deal with the objective, quantifiable, third-person world. And the physical sciences have done amazing work under that set of limitations. Galileo—for tactical reasons, not for philosophical reasons—said science should not deal with the soul, which at the time was what consciousness was considered to be. So what is subjective, what is qualitative, what is first person, we’re going to leave to the church, he said. And this was a good agreement, and it probably kept many scientists from getting burned at the stake. But it leaves science in an awkward spot, now that it wants to venture into that territory of qualities, of first-person experience. And I don’t think it has the proper tools. I think it will have to add to its toolkit in some way, and find a way to bring in phenomenology, or lived experience and introspection, which science is usually dismissive of.The challenge—we alluded to it earlier—is that the only tool you have to study consciousness with is consciousness. And what I mean by that is, the whole scientific enterprise is a manifestation of consciousness. As much as scientists like to flatter themselves with this idea that they attain a godlike perspective on what they study, when it comes to consciousness, there’s no such thing. And it’s fine for all the things you can step outside of and study from that perspective. But two areas it won’t work are consciousness and cosmology.___It could be that we live in this anomaly of not believing nature is conscious. And maybe psychedelics are teaching us something we’ve forgotten.___With cosmology, too, you have to study the universe from inside the universe. It’s not that cosmologists haven’t made progress. We know a lot about the age of the universe and expansion and things like that. But we can’t penetrate what happened before the Big Bang. We just don’t have the tools because we can’t stand outside.The fact that there are 22 full-scale theories of consciousness tells you all you need to know: we’re kind of lost. And I was surprised to find that we are more lost than I thought we were when I started this. I thought that there’d be leading theories, or that we had experiments that we could conduct that would nail some of this down. And the fact is, we don’t.So, I don’t know if science can solve it. But, of course, we can change the rules of science. A really influential book for me was a book called The Blind Spot, by two physicists, Marcello Gleiser and Adam Frank, and a philosopher, Evan Thompson. It’s a reminder that science is a social practice. It’s organized in a certain way and it can be organized in a different way. But it has this huge blind spot at the center of it, which is its failure to recognize that it is a form of consciousness itself, and it doesn’t have a good way of taking account of lived experience.AC: On the one hand, I think you want to resist traditional dualism, which would say that consciousness is something magical, something supernatural, right? But on the other hand, you’re accepting that there is this division in reality between the stuff that you can investigate objectively and measure, and so on—the stuff that science has been good at finding out about—and consciousness, which, for some reason, you can’t objectively measure. Some would take this to suggest that the dualism is actually right. Is there a way of reconciling these two strands of your thinking?MP: To call it magical is full of value judgement. I mean, you could just say immaterial. The interesting thing is, I think, that intuitively we’re all dualists. And I don’t know whether that’s because we’re children of Descartes and other cultures are less dualist than we are. Or it may be because that’s how consciousness feels. It feels different than the body. It feels separate from the body. But I don’t think we should trust that intuition.AC: So let’s think about ways that science might be changed to get at consciousness. I suppose the starting point would be the way that you begin the second half of your book. You have this nice line from William James, where he says, “We now begin our study of the mind from within.” Could you give us some sense of the ways of studying the mind from within? What does this involve?MP: I don’t know what that science looks like. But one of the points I’m making is that it depends on the humanities. I found that I learned as much, if not more, about consciousness, from reading novels and poetry. There is a sense of the fullness and complexity of consciousness that you don’t get in any scientific account. I interviewed this stream-of-consciousness writer and I approached her as an expert on consciousness, and she is. So I think that dialogue is really important.I’m reading Ben Lerner’s new novel, Transcription. Just read the first page of this novel: it’s a man falling asleep on a train, going to conduct an interview, and there is the experience of being in the train, facing backwards, there’s the view outside, but there’s a reflection of himself through which he’s seeing outside. There’s the memory of dropping his kids off at school. All this is going on in one moment of consciousness. Scientists aren’t going anywhere near that. But I think it’s useful for them to think about. That’s where we’re trying to go: like, how does such a layered experience happen? You know, it also makes you wonder, could a computer ever do this? And it gives you some doubt.*AC: Before we get to computers, perhaps we could talk briefly about plants. How did you come to feel that they are sentient?MP: Well, it was a psychedelic experience, and it’s not unusual on psychedelics. In fact, there’ve been studies about how people become animists during psychedelic experience. Their belief in animism arises after a single psychedelic experience.You know, most scientists would say this is all a myth. But we have only 400 years of the age of enlightenment and science. Before that, we were animists, and if you go around the world, most indigenous cultures are still animists, and children are animists, by and large, until they go to school. So it could be that we live in this anomaly of not believing nature is conscious. And maybe psychedelics are teaching us something we’ve forgotten.As I said, I wanted to test this idea, and see whether there was conventional scientific evidence for it. And there’s fascinating work going on in a field that calls itself—in a rather cheeky way—plant neurobiology. These are people who fully realize there are no neurons in plants, but they’re trolling conventional botanists! And they’re doing experiments that are demonstrating that plants can learn and remember, which is kind of amazing: how do you store a memory without neurons? They’re finding plants that can solve problems, that can hear and see. In fact, they have 20 senses to our five or six. For example, a bean plant looking for something to twine, and given a pole within eight inches or so of it, knows where that pole is and will aim its spiraling reach at that pole. What is that about? Is it bouncing signals off of it?One of the spookiest things is the fact that the same anesthetics that put us out put plants out. You might think that plants are already out, but they’re not. They’re just slow. If you take a plant with a fast behavior, like a Venus flytrap, and give it an anesthetic, it will stop reacting. So you have to ask yourself, what is lost when the plant is anaesthetized? Some state of alertness, of awareness, of its environment, of reactivity. I’m not prepared to call that consciousness, but maybe it’s sentience—which is a simpler form of consciousness, and involves the ability to sense what’s going on in your environment and assess what’s good and bad for you and act appropriately. That may be a universal quality of life.AC: Let’s turn from plants to AI. You point out that LLMs are trained on the internet rather than direct interactions with reality. You put this really nicely when you say the internet is not the world so much as a shadow cast by the world. So LLMs are living in this kind of shadow world, or in Plato’s cave, as you put it. What’s the significance of this for AI consciousness and moral consideration? And, to recall the beginning of our conversation, if we’re stuck behind a veil or screen of consciousness, are we also stuck in a kind of shadow world?MP: I don’t think they’re the same shadow worlds because our world includes nature and other people. And even if it’s mediated in some ways... There is a reality out there, and we are in relation to it, through consciousness. There’s friction with it. What’s missing from the LLMs is that friction with the real world. There’s more to the world than human representation, which is what they’re dealing with. And that means that so far, AI is a cultural technology for combining thoughts we’ve already had. SUGGESTED VIEWING Cracking the code for thought With Roger Penrose, Sabrina Gonzalez Pasterski, Max Tegmark, Güneş Taylor Genuine creativity is more than collage. A lot of what AI does now is tantamount to collage, putting this with that and you know, that’s part of art, certainly. But there are also genuinely new ideas that come into the world that don’t come in through manipulating the representations we already have. So it remains to be seen whether AIs can be truly creative in that more radical sense.But my arguments against AI becoming conscious have to do with the fact that the idea of AI consciousness is based on this faulty metaphor that the brain is a computer. There are dimensions in which the brain is like a computer—it certainly does its share of computation. But computers have this sharp distinction between hardware and software, and brains don’t. In a brain, hardware and software are identical. Every memory is a physical change to the brain. Brains are not interchangeable in the way computers are. So this idea that you could take the consciousness out and somehow run it on another substrate, a silicon substrate, seems foolhardy.Anyway, it’s a more extended argument, and I may be wrong. And when we move to computers that aren’t based on silicon—neuromorphic computers and things like that—all bets may be off.AC: Regarding your point about LLMs being stuck in the world of our representations—the internet or whatever—and not being able to interact with reality, are these representations, the world of the internet, themselves part of reality? We’ve created the internet, but it’s still a real thing that exists. And so while the LLMs may be trapped within that part of reality, they’re nevertheless within reality and interacting with it and so on. So it’s not obvious that there’s a barrier there to them becoming conscious and being creative.MP: Yeah, I mean, if our consciousness is built out of human culture, which is what we’re talking about with all those representations. But I tend to think consciousness comes a bit more out of nature and friction with the natural world, but...AC: So there’s a fundamental divide between the natural world and human artefacts?MP: And we lose track of that, and especially people in this computer world. You know, the people who are creating these AI systems, my guess is they’ve been into video games since the age of three, and they didn’t go outside a lot. And their own contact with nature is somewhat limited. I could be wrong, it’d be a very interesting thing to ask, all the wizards of AI, whether they like to go fishing and hiking and do things like that. Or were they on computers from a very early age? I interviewed Blake Lemoine, the Google engineer who came to believe that LaMDA, the Google LLM out at the time, was conscious and deserved personhood. It was very clear that he didn’t see a distinction between this bubble in which he lived and the real world. And I think we’ve all been distanced from the natural world, and this is taking us even further away. But it’s still there, you know, and we still have bodies, and we’re still mortal, and we don’t live in a simulation.AC: I think that’s a great place to finish. Michael Pollan, thank you very much!

Jun 3 • 8:00 AM EDT • Science • iai.tv

Caleb Williams Named EA SPORTS™ Madden NFL 27 Cover Athlete

Williams Is the First Chicago Bears Player To Appear On A Madden NFL Cover Fans Can Expect Full Game Reveal on Thursday, June 4, and Worldwide Launch on Aug. 13 EA SPORTS™ announced today that Chicago Bears quarterback Caleb Williams will grace the cover of EA SPORTS™ Madden NFL 27, making him the first player in Chicago Bears history to do so. Bears quarterback Caleb Williams lands on the cover of EA SPORTS Madden NFL 27. Williams’ record-setting season, playoff victory and NFL Moment of the Year — his walk-off, game-winning 46-yard touchdown pass in overtime against the Green Bay Packers — make him one of the most compelling quarterbacks to watch in 2026. Off the field, he’s known as one of the sport’s most distinctive cultural presences, styling his own gameday looks with unique nail art throughout the season. Williams appears on the Standard Edition cover showcasing his signature jump pass, while the Deluxe Edition cover features his iconic celebration that granted him the

Jun 3 • 8:00 AM EDT • Sports • news.ea.com

Angelino to restart with Gasperini

Angelino, after almost an entire season out of action, is ready to start again. In his first year in Rome, Gian Piero Gasperini couldn’t rely on the quality of the Spanish winger, who had completed ...

Jun 3 • 7:30 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Macquarie Sees World Cup Boost Driving Betting Growth, Favors Flutter Entertainment (FLUT)

Flutter Entertainment (NYSE:FLUT) stands out as one of the biggest potential beneficiaries of the 2026 FIFA World Cup, according to Macquarie, which expects the expanded tournament to generate a substantial increase in global sports betting activity and provide a meaningful earnings tailwind for leading operators. The investment bank estimates that betting volumes tied to the competition could exceed $50 billion worldwide, creating a favorable backdrop for major sportsbook and online gaming comp

Jun 3 • 7:04 AM EDT • Entertainment • finance.yahoo.com

TV and streaming viewing picks for June 3, 2026: How to watch NBA Finals Game 1

All Times Eastern Australian Rules Football AFL Men’s — Round 13 Adelaide Crows vs. Geelong Cats — Fox Soccer Plus, 5:30 a.m. (Thursday) College Football With the First Pick — CBS Sports Network, 1 p.m. All-Access: Kentucky Spring Football — SEC Network, 8 p.m. College Golf Men’s NCAA Division I Men’s Golf Championship National Championship,…

Jun 3 • 7:00 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Carolyn Bessette 'urged' JFK Jr. to call Princes William and Harry after Princess Diana's death, new book claims

Carolyn Bessette 'urged' JFK Jr. to call Princes William and Harry after their mother Princess Diana died following a car crash, a new book claims. The Kennedys and the Windsors had both experienced profound loss publicly.

Jun 3 • 7:00 AM EDT • Entertainment • ew.com

THOMAS: Politics and failure

I was born in Washington, D.C., at the end of 1942. Growing up in the suburbs there was so little crime it made the front page in the city's three

Jun 3 • 6:15 AM EDT • Politics • gwinnettdailypost.com

Texas Tech or Texas? Who will win Women's College World Series rematch

In a rematch of last season's NCAA Division I championship, Texas Tech will square off against Texas for the WCWS title. USA TODAY Sports picks a winner.

Jun 3 • 6:07 AM EDT • Sports • usatoday.com

Former Wisconsin great earns $100M contract with Pittsburgh Steelers

Former Wisconsin Badgers great Nick Herbig has earned a massive payday with the Pittsburgh Steelers.

Jun 3 • 6:06 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Contributor: U.S. lead in science is shrinking fast as China, India and even Iran catch up

As global competition intensifies, the United States risks driving away the world’s brightest minds rather than drawing them in.

Jun 3 • 6:04 AM EDT • Science • latimes.com

GOP lawmakers push to make Israel pay for U.S. weapons

In a reflection of the turbulent politics of Israel, two Republicans are pushing a resolution that would require Israel to pay for any weapons it gets from the United States. The Republicans are staunchly pro-Israel and Netanyahu’s government supports the move as an effort to head off growing anti-Israel sentiment in the United States.

Jun 3 • 6:00 AM EDT • Politics • washingtonpost.com

Temple researchers are building AI-powered health care ‘digital twins’ for people with ALS

A digital twin is a virtual representation of patients. Doctors plan to use the program to simulate treatments and therapies.

Jun 3 • 5:30 AM EDT • Health • whyy.org

Telehealth Booms As Demand For GLP-1s Surges and Questions Mount About Safety, Oversight

By Lauren Sausser and Maia Rosenfeld and KFF Health News HealthDay ReportersWEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2026 (HealthDay News) — Within 24 hours of injecting the first dose of a weight loss medication she received following a visit with a telehealth doctor, Karleigh McClain was admitted to the hospital, she ...

Jun 3 • 5:30 AM EDT • Health • usnews.com

Nationals' James Wood is putting together an MVP-level season

Washington Nationals outfielder James Wood is doing everything he can to put himself in contention and possibly win the National League MVP award. Still, he'll likely lose out to Los Angeles Dodgers two-way star Shohei Ohtani.

Jun 3 • 5:24 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Red States’ Sound Science Laws Echo Trump Regulatory Overhaul

Republican-led states are following President Donald Trump’s lead and making it harder for their agencies to exceed federal environmental standards.

Jun 3 • 5:00 AM EDT • Science • news.bgov.com

Orioles take win streak into matchup with the Red Sox

The Baltimore Orioles will attempt to keep a three-game win streak intact when they take on the Boston Red Sox

Jun 3 • 4:43 AM EDT • Sports • foxsports.com

Reds and Royals meet to determine series winner

Both the Cincinnati Reds and the Kansas City Royals are looking for a series win with a victory on Wednesday

Jun 3 • 4:16 AM EDT • Sports • foxsports.com

'I feel fantastic!': An avid Pittsburgh sports fan fires the first pitch in a Pirates win

Dan “The Man” Turkall was born bleeding black and yellow. In the past three decades, Turkall, 35, has watched almost every Penguins, Steelers...

Jun 3 • 4:00 AM EDT • Sports • post-gazette.com

Dodgers Edge Diamondbacks in Narrow Win

The Los Angeles Dodgers fought off an Arizona Diamondbacks comeback attempt, winning the second game of their series, 6-5.

Jun 3 • 3:14 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Former US Army doctor Adam Hamawy will win Democratic House primary in New Jersey, CNN projects

Adam Hamawy, a retired US Army combat surgeon and sharp Israel critic, will win the crowded Democratic primary for New Jersey’s 12th Congressional District, CNN’s Decision Desk projects.

Jun 3 • 2:34 AM EDT • Politics • cnn.com

Pirates' Bubba Chandler: Earns second win Tuesday

Pirates' Bubba Chandler: Earns second win Tuesday

Jun 3 • 2:25 AM EDT • Sports • cbssports.com

“Don’t Stop Believin” – Golden Knights 5, Hurricanes 4

The Carolina Hurricanes jumped out to a 2-0 lead and looked awesome until they didn’t. The Las Vegas Golden Knights counter-punched and punched back hard as they went on to out-score the home team, 5-4 on Tuesday night to win game one of the Stanley Cup Final. After the Hurricanes outhit the Montreal Canadiens by […]

Jun 3 • 2:04 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Google Releases Fitbit Air CAD Drawings & Specs: Bicep Bands Welcomed!

Google releases CAD drawings and specs for the Fitbit Air pod, allowing 3rd party companies to make band and accessories

Jun 3 • 1:44 AM EDT • Technology • dcrainmaker.com

Arsenal learn Aston Villa stance on Morgan Rogers transfer

Arsenal are interested in signing Aston Villa star Morgan Rogers in the summer transfer window.But The Telegraph report the Midlands club have no intention of parting with their prized asset.Rogers en...

Jun 3 • 1:30 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Rockies 8, Angels 2: The will to be weird

But who cares? The Rockies win their series with the Angels.

Jun 3 • 12:55 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Trump Endorses Colombian Presidential Candidate Abelardo de la Espriella

Petro, Colombia’s first left-wing president, responded on social media Tuesday night, criticizing Trump’s public support for de la Espriella.

Jun 3 • 12:13 AM EDT • Politics • politicstoday.org

Factors in Brewers' 8-3 Win Over Giants

The Milwaukee Brewers put together a full-team effort once again to defeat the San Francisco Giants on Tuesday.

Jun 2 • 11:46 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Full-length Replay: Nashville Recap

Kevin Harvick, Kaitlyn Vincie, and Mamba Smith discuss Denny Hamlin's last-to-first win after a penalty at Nashville Superspeedway.

Jun 2 • 11:41 PM EDT • Sports • foxsports.com

Pirates power past Astros for 4th Sstraight win

This is the first time the Pirates have won a game started by Bubba Chandler since April 17 against the Tampa Bay Rays.

Jun 2 • 11:33 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Baton Rouge business owner demands answers after video appears to show FedEx driver kicking, throwing packages worth up to $30K

A Baton Rouge business owner is demanding answers after surveillance video appeared to show a FedEx driver throwing and kicking packages containing tens of thousands of dollars worth of equipment.

Jun 2 • 11:30 PM EDT • Business • wafb.com

Pirates score 8 runs on homers in series-opening win against Astros

HOUSTON — Oneil Cruz paused for a moment of admiration. Across from him, on the mound, former Pirate Mike Burrows shook his head in frustration. Both...

Jun 2 • 11:23 PM EDT • Sports • post-gazette.com

Guardians' Kyle Manzardo: Goes deep in Tuesday's win

Guardians' Kyle Manzardo: Goes deep in Tuesday's win

Jun 2 • 11:14 PM EDT • Sports • cbssports.com

Cubs BCB After Dark: What makes a successful June?

The late-night/early-morning spot for Cubs fans asks how many games do the Cubs need to win this month.

Jun 2 • 10:30 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Reds scrap for comeback win against Royals. Here's what happened

The Reds came back from a 3-0 deficit to win 4-3 in 10 innings against the Kansas City Royals.

Jun 2 • 10:13 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Trump-endorsed Feenstra concedes to MAHA-backed Lahn in GOP governor primary upset

Zach Lahn’s surprise win over Trump-backed Rep. Randy Feenstra sets up a November matchup with Democratic State Auditor Rob Sand in a race both parties are watching closely.

Jun 2 • 10:13 PM EDT • Politics • foxnews.com

Josh Turek, a Paralympian, Wins the Democratic Senate Primary in Iowa

Mr. Turek, a state lawmaker, beat Zach Wahls in a contest that tested the party’s anti-establishment fervor.

Jun 2 • 9:43 PM EDT • Politics • nytimes.com

Supreme Court allows Alabama to use congressional map favoring Republicans in this year's elections

The Supreme Court is allowing Alabama to use a congressional map favoring Republicans in this year’s elections, blocking a lower court ruling that the map intentionally discriminates against Black people

Jun 2 • 9:33 PM EDT • Politics • washingtonpost.com

Video: Rayman Legends original vs. Retold remake graphics comparison

Check out a graphics comparison for the brand new Rayman Legends Retold remake, showing how it compares to the original.

Jun 2 • 9:20 PM EDT • Technology • nintendoeverything.com

Keiko Fujimori: Peru's Biggest Political Loser Eyes Election Win

Peru's Keiko Fujimori is a perennial political loser. She has run for the nation's presidency three elections in a row -- and three times, she has lost.

Jun 2 • 8:58 PM EDT • Politics • barrons.com

Microsoft Build 2026: Everything Microsoft is Unveiling Today Live

We're attending Microsoft's annual Build Conference in person, covering all the Windows announcements, demos, and surprises. AI is sure to be a huge focus, and we might get some more details on the latest Surface hardware. Stay tuned for all the Build news as it happens.

Jun 2 • 8:30 PM EDT • Technology • pcmag.com

A Look At AMC Entertainment Holdings (AMC) Valuation As May Attendance Hits Highest Level Since 2019

AMC Entertainment Holdings (AMC) is back in focus after reporting its highest May attendance since 2019, with 25.5 million guests, along with a stock rally tied to recent blockbuster releases and revenue diversification efforts. See our latest analysis for AMC Entertainment Holdings. Recent box office wins and revenue experiments have coincided with a sharp 90 day share price return of 75.42% and a 30 day share price return of 42.76%, although the 1 year total shareholder return is still down...

Jun 2 • 8:15 PM EDT • Entertainment • finance.yahoo.com

Science: HHS Asking for Changes in NIH-Funded Research

The Department of Health and Human Services is now reviewing all grants approved by its National Institutes of Health, and HHS staff “sometimes ask for substantive changes in the research,”

Jun 2 • 8:00 PM EDT • Science • insidehighered.com

Palantir Contracts Have Become ‘An Unacceptable Point of Weakness,’ UK Politicians Warn

A government committee says that the country’s growing dependence on the data analytics company is a serious liability.

Jun 2 • 7:05 PM EDT • Politics • wired.com

Riverhead moves to condemn science center property

The Riverhead Town Board voted to adopt findings allowing eminent domain proceedings for 111 E. Main St., the planned Long Island Science Center site.

Jun 2 • 6:59 PM EDT • Science • riverheadlocal.com

Microsoft plans Linux tools and an RTX Spark desktop for Windows developers

One hardware announcement and several software highlights from Microsoft Build.

Jun 2 • 6:51 PM EDT • Technology • arstechnica.com

Homeland Security Secretary Markwayne Mullin refuses to commit to following court orders

Mullin faced the Senate Appropriations committee amid scrutiny over the agency's budget and immigration enforcement ahead of the World Cup.

Jun 2 • 6:47 PM EDT • Politics • latimes.com

Mitchell Robinson officially questionable for Game 1 following hand surgery

Jun 2 • 6:32 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

September 2026 Is Packed With Games Trying To Avoid GTA 6

Grand Theft Auto VI is scheduled to finally arrive (and very quickly break every video game sales record ever recorded) on November 19. That’s exciting if you’re looking forward to playing it, but quite a threat if you’re trying to release any other games in that window. It seems the whole industry got the memo:...

Jun 2 • 6:28 PM EDT • Technology • gamespot.com

2027 BMW M2 xDrive Finally Adds All-Wheel Drive to M's Feisty Coupe

It chops a few tenths off the 0-60, should make the winter commute easier, and ships exclusively with the eight-speed auto.

Jun 2 • 6:01 PM EDT • Technology • roadandtrack.com

Oregonian exposed to hantavirus returns home, goes into quarantine

An Oregonian is home and in quarantine following exposure to a deadly hantavirus outbreak on a cruise ship.

Jun 2 • 5:55 PM EDT • Health • statesmanjournal.com

New York, 6 other states sues over the Trump administration's deal to end an offshore wind project

The federal goverment is giving French company TotalEnergies $1 billion — essentially a refund of its leases for offshore wind projects off New York and North Carolina — if it invests the money in fossil fuel projects instead.

Jun 2 • 5:51 PM EDT • Politics • pbs.org

Ace Combat 8: Wings of Theve launches October 2

Ace Combat 8: Wings of Theve will launch for PlayStation 5, Xbox Series, and PC via Steam on October 2, publisher Bandai Namco and developer Bandai Namco Aces announced.

Jun 2 • 5:38 PM EDT • Technology • gematsu.com

‘Business as Usual’ for Packers as Josh Jacobs Returns to Practice.

GREEN BAY, Wis. – Green Bay Packers running back Josh Jacobs has returned to practice following his arrest last Tuesday. Jacobs practiced on Monday and again on

Jun 2 • 5:37 PM EDT • Business • si.com

The Politics Behind Taiwan’s Soft Power

“Taiwan Travelogue” and its Booker Prize win highlight the nuances – and controversies – of contemporary culture in Taiwan.

Jun 2 • 5:19 PM EDT • Politics • thediplomat.com

Rayman Legends Retold announced for Nintendo Switch 2

Following a recent leak, Ubisoft made it official that it’s developing Rayman Legends Retold. The game is heading to Nintendo Switch 2 on October 1, 2026. Rayman Legends Retold is a remake of the 2013 game. Ubisoft has overhauled the visuals, now in 2.5D / 3D. The team is also adding in new content such as a new villain, a...

Jun 2 • 5:14 PM EDT • Technology • nintendoeverything.com

NYC Health + Hospitals/Coler Enhances Behavioral Health Services for Long-Term Care Residents - NYC Health + Hospitals

New York, NY — Today, the NYC Health + Hospitals/Coler skilled nursing facility announced two initiatives to serve residents with a behavioral health

Jun 2 • 4:53 PM EDT • Health • nychealthandhospitals.org

Not All Wine Glasses Tinkling Happily over Santa Barbara County’s Business Improvement District

The Goldwater Institute sues County Board of Supervisors and vintners association on behalf of Lompoc’s Flying Goat Cellars.

Jun 2 • 4:37 PM EDT • Business • independent.com

11 Job Requirements Bill Pulte Met to Be Trump’s New DNI

From zero intelligence experience to knowing where to find AI Trump Jesus pics, this guy checks all the boxes.

Jun 2 • 4:28 PM EDT • Politics • nymag.com

Myles Garrett gives the Rams a better shot at winning the Super Bowl, but was he worth the cost?

The question isn't who the better player is between Garrett and Jared Verse -- it's whether the difference between them justifies everything Los Angeles gave up

Jun 2 • 4:21 PM EDT • Sports • cbssports.com

Packers rookie kicker Trey Smack struggles at Tuesday's OTA practice

Packers rookie Trey Smack missed four field goal attempts during a windy OTA session on Tuesday.

Jun 2 • 4:13 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Disney reveals new entertainment offering for Oogie Boogie Bash amid ‘Coco’ construction

Disneyland is making changes to its entertainment lineup for Oogie Boogie Bash. Madame Leota’s Swinging Wake, a new entertainment offering, will replace the popular Frightfully Fun Parade this year…

Jun 2 • 3:48 PM EDT • Entertainment • ktla.com

N.Y. sues over the Trump administration's deal to end an offshore wind project

State attorneys general from Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Rhode Island and Vermont joined New York in challenging the cancellation of the lease off of New York.

Jun 2 • 3:46 PM EDT • Politics • spectrumlocalnews.com

Google Expands AirDrop Support to More Android Phones

Google today said its Quick Share feature that allows Android and iPhone users to exchange files with AirDrop is expanding to more devices. Quick Share is now available on the following Android smartphones.

Jun 2 • 3:24 PM EDT • Technology • macrumors.com

Why AMC Entertainment Holdings (AMC) Is Up 40.4% After Record May Attendance and Stronger EBITDA

AMC Entertainment reported its highest May attendance since 2019, drawing about 25.5 million guests worldwide and supporting its strongest first-quarter adjusted EBITDA since 2019, helped by hit releases such as “Backrooms,” “The Mandalorian and Grogu,” and “The Devil Wears Prada 2.” Management is pairing this renewed box-office strength with higher-margin food, merchandise and new concert offerings, signaling a push to lift revenue per guest and diversify beyond traditional ticket...

Jun 2 • 3:14 PM EDT • Entertainment • finance.yahoo.com

Will Campbell Shares Thoughts On Patriots Adding A.J. Brown

The New England Patriots fell just short of winning the Super Bowl last season, but they have had a very productive offseason.

Jun 2 • 2:52 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Customers out thousands of dollars after Central Florida business takes money and closes

A Titusville homeowner says she lost $5,000 after American Made Windows of Central Florida closed its doors before completing a promised sliding glass door installation.

Jun 2 • 2:29 PM EDT • Business • yahoo.com

Customers out thousands of dollars after Central Florida business takes money and closes

Brevard County homeowner says a Central Florida window company took thousands for new sliding glass doors, only to see the company cease operations

Jun 2 • 2:28 PM EDT • Business • wftv.com

SCOTUS might surprise you

Sarah Isgur argues growing distrust of justices says more about our tribalism than any change in way judiciary works

Jun 2 • 2:16 PM EDT • Politics • news.harvard.edu

Obama judge clears left-wing group to fly ominous flag aimed at Trump on his own turf

Obama-appointed Judge Moss permits "86 47" flag near the National Mall, delivering a blow to the Trump administration in a free speech case.

Jun 2 • 2:00 PM EDT • Politics • foxnews.com

Disneyland construction forces Oogie Boogie Bash to replace Frightfully Fun parade

The new Madame Leota’s Swinging Wake street party joins the 2026 Halloween after-hours event at Disney California Adventure.

Jun 2 • 1:56 PM EDT • Entertainment • ocregister.com

The Hockey News Predicts The 2026 Stanley Cup Final Winner

Jun 2 • 1:23 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

A Look At AMC Entertainment (AMC) Valuation After Recent Share Price Surge

AMC Entertainment Holdings (AMC) has been drawing investor attention after a sharp move in its share price, with the stock up 22.5% over the past day and 40.4% over the past week. See our latest analysis for AMC Entertainment Holdings. Those sharp moves in the share price sit against a mixed backdrop, with strong recent momentum, including an 87.6% 3 month share price return, but a 1 year total shareholder return that is still down 38.4%. If fast moving stocks like AMC have your attention,...

Jun 2 • 1:16 PM EDT • Entertainment • simplywall.st

Inside Microsoft’s Project Solara: A new platform for devices that run AI agents instead of apps

A team inside Microsoft has been quietly building Project Solara, a platform for devices that run AI agents instead of apps, based on Android instead of Windows. The first two concept devices, a desktop hub and a wearable badge, are headed to pilots with companies including AccuWeather, Best Buy, CVS Health, Levi's, and Target.

Jun 2 • 1:11 PM EDT • Technology • geekwire.com

Dodgers Could Lose Shutdown Brusdar Graterol For Rest of Season

Brusdar Graterol’s sudden back surgery following a rehab setback leaves a massive void in the Los Angeles Dodgers' depleted bullpen.

Jun 2 • 1:08 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Steelers already looking to replace fired coach, says Mike McCarthy

Pittsburgh Steelers head coach Mike McCarthy discussed the firing of Derius Swinton II and revealed that the team was in the process of replacing him.

Jun 2 • 1:01 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

The St. Paul Fire Department

Two Relief Prospects One Step Away from Boosting the Twins Bullpen.

Jun 2 • 12:59 PM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

Democrats redrew California's map to counter Trump. The primary tests whether it pays off for them

The party won voter approval last year to redraw the state's congressional map to create five more winnable U.S. House seats. But some Democrats now worry that they could be locked out of the November ballot in one of those districts, near San Diego.

Jun 2 • 12:31 PM EDT • Politics • pbs.org

Copilot Memory supports user preferences for Business, Enterprise

Following the rollout to Copilot Pro and Pro+ users, Copilot Memory is rolling out user-level preferences in public preview for Copilot Business and Copilot Enterprise, with new admin controls for…

Jun 2 • 12:30 PM EDT • Business • github.blog

Microsoft launches MXC, an OS-level sandbox for AI agents, with OpenAI and Nvidia already on board

Microsoft launches MXC, an OS-level sandbox for AI agents in Windows, giving enterprises secure runtime controls, identity, and policy enforcement.

Jun 2 • 12:30 PM EDT • Technology • venturebeat.com

Sources: Rays stadium deal ‘on the rocks’ amid Gov. DeSantis’ property tax cut push

Folks aren't keen on giving DeSantis a win on the Rays at the same time he's trying to gut a critical revenue stream.

Jun 2 • 12:26 PM EDT • Politics • floridapolitics.com

Chapel Hill Super Regional schedule officially announced for UNC, USC

The UNC baseball squad advanced to their third-straight Super Regional with Sunday's win. They now know their game times vs. the USC Trojans.

Jun 2 • 11:52 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com

NJ Entertainment Lawyers Eye Opportunities as Showbiz Spotlight Falls on Garden State

The Garden State has become a hot spot for major film and television production companies lured by the presence of generous tax incentives, and entertainment attorneys say a shift in the practice area is either already happening or may be waiting in the wings.

Jun 2 • 11:05 AM EDT • Entertainment • law.com

Apple's MacBook Neo is winning over a new generation of buyers

The MacBook Neo shipped 1.1 million units in its first weeks on sale, IDC estimates, as Apple pushes deeper into the mainstream laptop market.

Jun 2 • 10:39 AM EDT • Technology • techcrunch.com

How Science Works

The 2nd Weather and Climate Livestream is now underway. It is organized by a group of early-career researchers concerned about declining funding for the field and eager to demonstrate how weather and climate research makes a difference in our lives. Last year’s event was a great success, drawing terrific press coverage including a piece in the NY Times. This year features a strong lineup of talks aimed at a general audience — I highly recommend tuning in. Share I gave a talk yesterday about How Science Works in Three Steps. You can see the short presentation here (I’ve appended a transcript below): And please tune into the livestream here. It runs through tomorrow at 6 pm ET. Thanks for reading The Climate Brink! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support our work. Subscribe Cleaned up transcript: Thank you, and thanks to everyone tuning in. I want to talk about something I think a lot of people don’t really understand: how science actually works. Arguments over any scientific topic — climate change, vaccines, you name it — revolve around competing claims. For climate change, the claims are: Is the Earth warming? Are humans to blame? What will the impacts be? Over the last 150 years, the scientific community has developed a remarkably robust method for sorting out which claims are true and which aren’t. That method is what I want to walk through. So how does science generate knowledge? If you ask a high schooler, they’ll give you the version they learned in ninth grade: an individual scientist forms a hypothesis, runs an experiment, and draws a conclusion. That’s more or less what happens at the individual level, though in practice it’s more iterative — you design, test, and refine all at once, landing on a slightly different idea each time until you reach a conclusion about whatever hypothesis you’ve ended up with. But this isn’t science. It’s only step one. Any individual scientist can make mistakes — scientists are human. Maybe there’s a bug in the code, maybe there’s an error in the experiment. Just because someone ran an experiment and reached a conclusion doesn’t mean it’s right, and scientists don’t treat a single result as settled truth. Step two is peer review, the first layer of quality control. The scientist writes up what they did and submits it to a journal, which sends the paper to other experts in the field. Those experts judge whether the methods are sound, whether it properly references prior work, and whether the conclusions actually follow from the data. Ask any scientist and they’ll tell you peer review is miserable — the comments come back brutal, often harsh, and you have to revise and resubmit, sometimes multiple times, before an editor finally accepts the paper. Peer review catches an immense amount of bad science, but it can’t catch all of it. Reviewers get sloppy or overworked, they miss obvious mistakes, and they can’t catch hidden errors — a bug in the code, a misread instrument. So a peer-reviewed paper making it into a journal doesn’t mean the paper is right. Nobody treats a single paper as the final word. That’s where step three comes in: the crucible of science. Important results get retested by the broader community. If you publish something interesting, it gets dissected. Sometimes people try to reproduce your work directly but more often they test its implications. If someone claims X is true, and that implies that Y is also true, then scientists will go check Y. If a claim survives this gauntlet long enough, it becomes accepted. That’s how we generate knowledge. Let me give an example: the ozone hole. In 1985 — and I doubt many people watching were around then, but I remember it well — Joe Farman and his colleagues published observations from Antarctica showing that a huge chunk of ozone was disappearing every year. This was shocking because most atmospheric chemists had expected ozone loss to occur at mid-latitudes and high altitudes, not over the South Pole. When scientists see something they don’t understand, they rush to explain it, and several competing hypotheses quickly appeared in the peer-reviewed literature. One pointed to chlorine chemistry from chlorofluorocarbons. A second blamed nitrogen chemistry, possibly driven by solar proton events — meaning the sun was responsible. A third argued it wasn’t chemistry at all but dynamics: winds were carrying naturally low-ozone air from the lower atmosphere up into the stratosphere. Then the community went to work testing which theory could survive the crucible. Aircraft flew into the ozone hole and found no nitrogen, ruling out the nitrogen theory. Measurements showed the air in the polar vortex was descending, not rising — which would bring high-ozone air down, eliminating the dynamics theory. Meanwhile, those same flights measured enormous amounts of chlorine, strongly correlated with exactly the regions where ozone was being destroyed. That became known as the “smoking gun” paper, and it established that chlorine chemistry was the cause. Through this process, a consensus emerged. And it’s worth being clear that this consensus is organic. There’s no vote, no poll, no meeting where it gets decided. Scientists go to conferences, talk to one another, and independently arrived at the same answer. It’s the ultimate free market of ideas. After the consensus was established, the peer-reviewed literature doesn’t even mention the rival theories — it simply takes chlorine chemistry as given. That’s what a consensus looks like. It doesn’t mean every single scientist agrees, but it does mean there’s no longer any legitimate debate. So where can you see what scientists actually think? It’s all in the peer-reviewed literature, which contains the entire historical record of the argument: the discovery, the competing theories, the debate, the testing, and finally the community coalescing around one answer. But there’s a lot of room for misrepresentation. You can dig up an old paper claiming the ozone hole was caused by dynamics and wave it around as if there still was a debate about the cause of the ozone hole — without mentioning that the idea was disproven long ago and that even its own authors no longer believe it. There’s a bigger problem, though: the peer-reviewed literature is written in a language I call “nerd.” It’s extremely hard to read — honestly, some of it is hard for me to follow. It takes graduate students years to work through the literature in a single field, so we can’t expect policymakers or ordinary people to do it. This is where scientific assessments come in. The most famous is the IPCC — the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The job of an assessment is to read and summarize the peer-reviewed literature, synthesizing what’s settled, what’s been disproven, and what remains genuinely debated. To ensure the assessments accurately summarize the peer-reviewed literature, assessments are written by large teams, which are far less prone to bias than individuals and which dilute the influence of any one scientist with an axe to grind. The teams are deliberately assembled to avoid stacking the deck, and the reports themselves go through multiple rounds of peer review. That rigorous process is exactly why you can trust them and why people consider the IPCC to be the gold standard of what we know about the climate system. An assessment produced through a different process may well not be credible. You can even watch the consensus evolve across assessments. Take the attribution of warming. The 1990 IPCC report said the observed warming was broadly consistent with model predictions but also comparable to natural variability — in other words, we don’t know whether humans are responsible. By 1995, it concluded that the balance of evidence suggested a discernible human influence — a sentence only a committee could write, and one that barely commits to anything. By 2001, most of the warming over the previous 50 years was judged “likely” due to greenhouse gases; by 2007, “very likely”; by 2013, “extremely likely.” The 2023 report says essentially the same as 2013 — there’s not much stronger language available. So, to wrap up: science is our ultimate tool for deciphering the universe — the most successful method we’ve ever developed for determining what’s true and what isn’t. Our understanding is written into the peer-reviewed literature, so if you want to know what scientists think, that’s where to look. And for those of us who don’t speak nerd, scientific assessments are the Rosetta Stone — they translate nerd into English. Let me open the floor to questions. Thank you.

Jun 2 • 10:35 AM EDT • Science • theclimatebrink.com

US FDA proposes using existing science to speed up gene therapy development

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Tuesday proposed allowing makers of cell and gene ​therapies targeting rare and life-threatening diseases to ‌use existing scientific knowledge to expedite development.

Jun 2 • 10:28 AM EDT • Science • reuters.com

The work you can't always see: Beer is political, part 2

Recently I published a piece about beer, politics, and the question of who speaks up and who doesn’t. I meant every word of it. I still do. And then my inbox opened up. Cleveland Prost is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Subscribe I’ve been writing about beer since 2014. For most of that time, I kept things deliberately light — taproom profiles, new releases, the people behind the pints. Gradually, over years of building this thing, you gave me something I didn’t expect: permission. Permission to go deeper. To say what I actually saw in this industry and what I actually believed about it. That trust isn’t something I take lightly. It’s why that piece existed at all, and it’s why this one does too. I’m not walking anything back. But I want to go further. In that piece, I wrote that beer has never existed outside the system. That immigration policy affects who staffs breweries and harvests ingredients. That labor policy affects taproom workers. That civil rights policy affects who feels safe walking into a taproom. That “beer does not exist in a vacuum. The idea that it does is comforting. It is also false.” I believe that as much now as I did when I wrote it. But one idea came back at me, in different forms, over and over (from reader emails, comments, and conversations): that beer itself isn’t political — that it only becomes political when someone decides to make it that way. That what we’re really seeing is a choice by individuals to inject division into something that doesn’t inherently require it. It’s a comforting idea. It’s also wrong — and I think it’s worth being precise about why. That framing assumes that breweries operate outside the conditions shaping everything else. That politics is something you choose to bring into a room that was, until then, clean and neutral. That if you stay quiet, you stay clear of it. But the room was never neutral. It was never clean. Politics is already in the room. It’s in who walks through the door comfortably and who hesitates. It’s in whether a space can be used for organizing without fear. It’s in whether helping someone quietly might carry consequences you have to think carefully about in advance. It’s in who staffed the brewery, who harvested the grain, who can afford to be a regular. The idea that you opt out of all that by staying quiet is an illusion. You only change how visible your response to it is. This is, I realize, a hard thing to hear if you came to a beer newsletter for something lighter. I wrote recently that “beer, for me, has always felt like a refuge — a third place in an increasingly fractured world.” I meant that. I still do. But a refuge is not an escape from reality. It’s a place to gather strength to face it. Here’s what I actually missed — and what I want to correct. Multiple people in the industry reached out to me. I’m not naming them and I’m not identifying their businesses, because that’s not my call. If and when they want to be loud about what they’re doing, that agency belongs to them. What I can share is the substance of what they said, because it complicated something I presented too cleanly. The overall message: *You don’t know what we all are doing.* And they’re right. I don’t. One example involved a collaboration brewed quietly to support another business facing serious challenges in a whole different region, with proceeds directed toward solidarity, community, and keeping operations afloat. No announcement. It could have been broadcast widely. The point was never publicity. Another example involved logistical support for community efforts: organizing safe transportation, providing space for meetings on otherwise closed days, facilitating gatherings under difficult conditions. All of it happening while balancing real financial pressure and genuine concern for personal safety. None of what they described is a brewer “deciding to make beer political.” It’s people responding to the conditions around them — conditions that are already shaping who feels safe, who has access, who can gather, who needs help, and who has the capacity to offer it. Politics, again, already in the room. Already shaping choices. Whether anyone announced it or not. I’ve spent decades in taprooms, at barrel releases, at festivals, in back offices and brewing floors, talking to the people who built this industry from nothing. I know how much happens that never makes it onto social media. I know the owner who quietly comp’d a tab for someone having a crisis. The brewer who drove an hour to pick up a stranger who needed a safe ride. The taproom that stayed dark on a Tuesday so a community group could use the space without it becoming A Whole Thing. None of that gets a post. Most of it never will. So when I wrote recently about silence — when I said that “silence right now doesn’t feel neutral, it feels like complicity” — I was writing about what I could see. And I was right about what I saw. The public silence of breweries that have the platform, the stability, and frankly the safety to say something and choose not to? That still troubles me. I’m not softening that. But some of what I read as silence is actually something else entirely. It’s people doing the work with their hands instead of their phones. It’s people who are genuinely afraid — not of being canceled, but of real consequences for their families, their employees, their ability to keep the doors open at all. That deserves more than a footnote. It deserves to be named clearly. Here’s the tension I want to sit with honestly: public statements matter. They matter because people can’t rally around something they can’t see. Visibility creates awareness and solidarity. It helps people find each other. It tells someone standing outside your taproom door, uncertain whether they’ll be welcomed inside, something they need to know — or whether it’s even safe for them to be in public at all. That’s not performative. I wrote recently that the craft beer movement “was built on collective defiance. It was built on rejecting consolidation. On pushing back against homogeneity.” I believe that too. And I’ll extend it: breweries should be at least as loud about their values as they are when they drop a new seasonal. Your hazy IPA gets a full rollout — the label art, the tap handle photo, the countdown post. Human dignity deserves the same energy. Be as loud about human rights as you are about your beer. There is no reason those two things should require different levels of courage from you. But visibility isn’t the only form of courage. And not everyone can be visible right now without real consequences — financial, personal, sometimes physical. There are people in this industry doing hard, unglamorous, sometimes risky work in the background, and announcing it would compromise it or paint a target on someone who’s already stretched thin. That’s not silence as complicity. That’s operational discipline under pressure. What I want to push back on — clearly, not gently — is the idea that behind-the-scenes action and public visibility are in competition with each other. The person organizing quietly in the back room and the person posting a statement of solidarity on a Tuesday morning are both doing something real. We need both. We need the quiet infrastructure and we need the visible signal. We need people to know that this industry — at its best, at its most independent, and human — gives a fuck. I closed that piece with a question: “Reactive and fearful? Or clear and values-driven?” That question still stands. But having heard from you, I’d add a corollary: the values-driven path isn’t always the loudest one. Sometimes it’s a phone call and a recipe. Sometimes it’s a room made available on a closed Tuesday. Sometimes it’s a drive across town for someone who needed a safe ride home. All of it is political. All of it was always political. You don’t get to opt out of that — you only get to decide what you do with it. I’ve spent more than a decade writing about this industry because I believe it can be exactly that. I’ve been lucky enough to build an audience that lets me say so plainly. That’s a privilege I intend to use. The work is happening. Some of it you’ll see. Some of it you won’t. Support it either way. Cleveland Prost is a reader-supported publication covering beer and brewing across New York state. To receive new posts and support this work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Cleveland Prost is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Subscribe

Jun 2 • 10:13 AM EDT • Politics • clevelandprost.substack.com

UIndy School of Psychology Faculty, Alumni, and Students Collaborate to Study Emotional Health and TikTok

As the United States continues to face a growing youth mental health crisis, social media use has become a central part of the conversation. From endless doomscrolling to the emotional effects of online content, nearly every aspect of social media is being examined as mental health professionals work to better understand its impact and develop

Jun 2 • 9:06 AM EDT • Health • news.uindy.edu

Live Results: Iowa midterm primaries

The winners will compete in November’s critical midterm elections, in which Iowa’s U.S. Senate and House seats could determine control of the narrowly divided chambers.

Jun 2 • 9:00 AM EDT • Politics • pbs.org

Live Results: New Mexico midterm primaries

The election takes place as the war in Iran continues to send gas prices soaring, creating an unanticipated windfall in the nation’s No. 2 oil-producing state that the new governor will play a key role in managing.

Jun 2 • 9:00 AM EDT • Politics • pbs.org

Students Gather as Winners of World’s Largest K-12 Science Competition

This week, the national winners of the 34th annual ExploraVision program, the world’s largest K-12 science competition, will gather in Washington, D.C. to be...

Jun 2 • 8:30 AM EDT • Science • businesswire.com

Shannon Sharpe doesn’t hold back on Caitlin Clark’s behavior

Shannon Sharpe has run out of patience with Caitlin Clark. The sports personality sounded off on the Indiana Fever star’s heated sideline exchange with head coach Stephanie White, calling her behavior a growing problem for the team in the 2026…

Jun 2 • 8:12 AM EDT • Sports • sports.yahoo.com