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WGU Launches Nation’s First At-Scale, Online Bachelor of Science in AI Engineering

Competency-based degree program has potential to transform AI engineering workforce gapSALT LAKE CITY, May 13, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- WGU, the largest conferrer of technology degrees in the U.S., announced today the launch the nation’s first accredited, competency-based Bachelor of Science in AI Engineering (BSAIE), also among the first bachelor’s degree programs nationally in AI Engineering as a standalone undergraduate discipline. “This represents an important milestone in higher education.

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May 13 • 10:07 AM EDT • Science • finance.yahoo.com
Kennesaw State to launch Bachelor of Science in Financial Technologies this fall

A recognized leader in financial technology education, Kennesaw State University will be the first Georgia institution to offer both undergraduate and graduate degrees in the field with approval of a new Bachelor of Science in Financial Technologies.

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May 12 • 8:00 AM EDT • Science • kennesaw.edu
Commencement 2026: Pharmacy graduate combines passion for care with business acumen to provide total patient support

KINGSTON, R.I. — May 12, 2026 — For Alayna Ballavia, who will graduate from the University of Rhode Island with two advanced degrees—including a Pharm.D. from the College of Pharmacy—some of the most meaningful lessons she learned about pharmacy, healthcare, and life in general happened far beyond the classroom. During two international medical missions in […]

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May 12 • 6:29 AM EDT • Business • uri.edu
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ASU urban planning graduate blends expertise in geographic information science with passion for designing cities

When Dorian Lemarchand began pursuing his bachelor’s degrees online at Arizona State University during the pandemic, he was looking for a fresh start and a chance to rebuild his academic confidence.

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May 11 • 12:51 PM EDT • Science • news.asu.edu
Class of 2026: Aspiring medical illustrator Zora Weir-Gertzog is drawn

At VCU, her two degrees, independent project and broad collaborations reflect longtime creativity and motivation.

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May 9 • 8:00 PM EDT • Science • news.vcu.edu
College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences confers 206 degrees - News

The Campbell University College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences celebrated the accomplishments of the Class of 2026 during its Spring… More on this post

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May 9 • 11:34 AM EDT • Science • news.campbell.edu
College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences confers 206 degrees - News

The Campbell University College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences celebrated the accomplishments of the Class of 2026 during its Spring… More on this post

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May 9 • 11:34 AM EDT • Health • news.campbell.edu
Southeastern awards Honorary Doctor of Business Administration degrees to Chief Gregory Pyle, Governor Bill Anoatubby, and Chief Gary Batton | Southeastern Oklahoma State University

At Friday’s graduate degree commencement ceremony, Southeastern Oklahoma State University awarded its highest honor – the Honorary Doctor of Business Administration degree – to a trio of individuals who have advanced the mission of Southeastern and ensured greater educational opportunities for its s

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May 8 • 9:51 PM EDT • Business • se.edu
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NAU Athletics Celebrates 65 Student-Athlete Graduates as Part of Spring 2026 Class

FLAGSTAFF, Ariz. (May 8, 2026) – As part of Northern Arizona University's spring commencement ceremonies to be held in the Walkup Skydome on Friday and Saturday, 65 current and former NAU student-athletes will earn their degrees.

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May 7 • 8:00 PM EDT • Science • nauathletics.com
Meet the School of Biological Sciences Class of 2026 | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

The Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) School of Biological Sciences (SBS) takes an innovative approach to advanced science education. Graduates of the doctoral program go on to pursue a wide range of careers across academia and industry. On May 3, the SBS awarded six graduates Ph.D. degrees. Here, the class of 2026 reflects on their...

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May 7 • 7:30 AM EDT • Science • cshl.edu
Fox Business Features SOAR's Radical Affordability

From smartphone degrees to a two-year tuition freeze, Cornerstone University is making national headlines — and rethinking higher education.

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May 5 • 4:43 PM EDT • Business • cornerstone.edu
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University lets students earn bachelor's and master's degrees entirely on their phone

Cornerstone University's self-paced SOAR program lets students earn accredited business degrees entirely on a smartphone with a 91% persistence rate.

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May 5 • 8:16 AM EDT • Business • foxbusiness.com
‘The reality, for better or worse’: Columbia comp sci students and faculty grapple with AI’s disruption of the field

‘The reality, for better or worse’: Columbia comp sci students and faculty grapple with AI’s disruption of the field ‘The reality, for better or worse’: Columbia comp sci students and faculty grapple with AI’s disruption of the field A field that once seemed like a direct path to stable, lucrative work is becoming less certain under AI, students and faculty told Spectator. By Ria Vasishtha and Arjun Menon May 3, 2026 Shanying Liu / Deputy Illustrations Editor Asia Genawi, SEAS ’29, first encountered artificial intelligence during her sophomore year at her high school in Indiana. Back in 2023, policies on AI varied widely—even within the same district—and some schools had no guidance at all. As Genawi began to see the effects of AI trickle into her classroom, she turned to guidance from her home state’s Department of Education, which she said she found “outdated and inaccessible.” Genawi spent the rest of her high school career dedicated to the issue, including writing a 15-page memo exploring varying AI policies across Indiana schools, which she sent to every Indiana state senator and representative whose contact information she was able to find. She later helped draft a bill that would have required public high schools to establish and share their own AI policies with students in an accessible format. But with so many other bills already awaiting referral, hers never made it to committee. When Genawi arrived at Columbia to study computer science, she found that the gaps she had spent years trying to address in Indiana had followed her there. Many students and professors were also grappling with what AI meant for the field. Across Columbia’s undergraduate schools, computer science has become the most popular major—accounting for around 11 percent of degrees awarded in Columbia College, 32 percent in the School of Engineering and Applied Science, and 12 percent in the School of General Studies in 2024. While the number of computer science majors in SEAS grew from 166 to 173 during the 2024-25 academic year, the total number across the three schools fell around 4.5 percent from 393 to 375, driven by declines at Columbia College and General Studies. At Barnard, it has grown to become the second most popular major as of 2025, up from third the year prior. The number of degrees awarded have grown fivefold since 2016. Faculty members and students in the department told Spectator that the surge in the major’s popularity has been driven in large part by its apparent promise of a secure, well-paid career path. However, they noted that the recent rise of generative AI has compromised the sense of stability that once defined the field, even as interest in technical skills among students persists. According to data from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York in 2024, out of 74 majors tracked, computer science had the fifth highest unemployment rate among majors at 7 percent, while computer engineering had the second highest at 7.8 percent. “Anecdotally, people are moving away from CS as a major,” Daniel Bauer, a senior lecturer in the computer science department, said. “They’re still taking some of our classes, right, because they think they need that, but they’re instead majoring in other things.” Bauer described a field that had shifted from what he called a “nerdy outlier discipline” to one that “everyone needs,” a sign that technical skills have become a baseline expectation across industries with the emergence of AI. “A lot of people thought, ‘Oh, it’s a guaranteed path to a stable income. You get a six-figure job right out of your undergrad,’” Bauer said. Now, companies may see AI as a way to reduce demand for entry-level programmers, especially in what he calls “code monkey jobs,” roles where a large number of employees are “just writing out code nine-to-five.” Chris Murphy, a senior lecturer in the computer science department, described the current moment as the convergence of two forces: the downturn of the job market and generative AI coming onto the scene. “Things kind of started to really pick up in 2014, 16,” he said, recalling the years after the weaker 2010 market. Murphy added that this was also a period where “students were getting more experience outside of class than they were inside of class” through internships, jobs, and side projects. Murphy suggested that the earlier momentum helped make computer science feel like both an academic program and a reliable pathway into work. That feeling is harder to sustain now as the industry reconfigures, which is a shift that students are seeing firsthand. Rebecca Yu, SEAS ’27, said that during a recent internship in Big Tech, she saw that “every single tech company was racing to integrate” large language models. She added that her manager said her intern class was the first to complete their assigned projects, which she attributed to the increased efficiency that comes with AI. Frank Liu, SEAS ’29, said that with AI lowering the barrier to coding, companies now expect everyone to write code. “A lot of companies outright say if you’re not using coding in your job, you might get fired for not being productive enough,” Liu said. Yu similarly expressed that students increasingly have to accept AI being a part of industry workflow, adding that many also “make use of it to maximize their productivity.” Richard Li, CC ’28, described a “franticness” among his peers as the pace of change accelerates. He explained how “some new tool” is released regularly, noting that tools rise and fall in prominence within weeks. He has come to believe that he doesn’t need to “match that speed all the time” and keep up with every development. Li has learned that AI tools allow him to “take a breath” and “get back into the loop much easier than before” when he needs to. While some companies specifically target Columbia when hiring, sending representatives to campus career fairs and recruiting large numbers from Columbia, a computer science degree cannot be treated as a static credential, Yu described. “You can’t just get your degree and stop learning after that. You have to always be learning,” Yu said. “That is something you basically have to expect for your job.” AI has not only affected students’ decisions to major in computer science, but also reshaped how the subject is taught. Across departments, faculty members no longer treat work done outside the classroom as a reliable measure of understanding, shifting instead toward in-person exams, quizzes, and attendance checks. While homework once made up as much as 60 to 70 percent of a student’s grade in computer science classes, Murphy said that breakdown has since flipped, with exams and quizzes now accounting for the majority. “The assumption—especially among pessimists—is that they’re using it to do their homework,” Murphy said. “They take the homework assignment. They put it into generative AI. Out comes the solution. Submit solution. The end.” Murphy said that faculty members ranged in their responses from fully prohibiting AI use to actively teaching students how to effectively work with AI. He said he shifted his approach this year after his teaching assistants called his belief that students weren’t using the technology “naïve,” and now permits students to use AI on assignments. His surveys of students in his introductory classes have told a more complicated story than the one so-called pessimists offer: Around 60 to 70 percent of students who reported using AI said they used it to have concepts explained to them, to clarify assignment instructions, to generate test cases, or to create practice questions. “Those are all ways that you might have had a tutor in the past to do that, and now you have this AI essentially as your tutor,” he said. Bauer has taken a different approach, teaching students how to use AI productively without sacrificing the core principles of the discipline. “People who are trained to actually use AI tools productively, while being in charge of designing the overall project, will be very much in demand in the next couple of years,” he said. Over the past year, a working group of computer science faculty has been redesigning the introductory and intermediate programming sequence to integrate generative AI as both a subject and a tool, representatives from SEAS wrote in a statement to Spectator. The effort is “coordinated” across the department, “not course-by-course,” with a systematic assessment of how AI integration is affecting student outcomes underway to shape the next round of changes. The goal, the department explained, is for students to be able to “read, verify, and reason about code, whether they or a model wrote it.” Tony Dear, senior lecturer in the computer science department, is piloting individualized AI feedback in a discrete mathematics course, while a machine learning course is also testing a Socratic AI dialogue system designed to “guide inquiry rather than supply answers,” the statement reads. Beyond individual courses, SEAS funded seven cross-departmental faculty projects in generative AI this past academic year, spanning biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, industrial engineering, and computer science, according to the statement. This phenomenon extends beyond the computer science department. SEAS’ new AI minor, which it announced in November 2025, reflects the University’s attempt to adapt. The minor is specifically designed for noncomputer science majors and aims to provide “essential AI knowledge” while emphasizing practical and responsible use across disciplines, according to the SEAS website. At the center of the minor is AI in Context, a course taught by a team of faculty from the departments of computer science, applied mathematics, philosophy, music, literature, and the Writing Center, the representatives told Spectator. Bauer described it as targeted at students who want to bring AI into fields like economics or biology, rather than as a path into software engineering itself. At the graduate level, SEAS announced a new Master of Science in artificial intelligence in February, with the inaugural cohort starting in the fall. While recognizing how AI has helped them navigate coursework, students also described its rise as isolating, even among members of the Application Development Initiative, one of Columbia’s largest computer science clubs. “As people start to ask AI for questions that they would normally ask students and members, it starts to isolate people” Li said. Alexa Kafka, BC ’27, echoed Li’s sentiment, pointing out that computer science has always been a collaborative discipline with code reviews and pull requests, even as AI makes independent work easier. Despite this, Kafka noted that she hasn’t been to office hours “in at least a year.” Bauer added that faculty are exploring long-term solutions to the assessment problem. “One of the things that we’re trying to do at the department or school level is to maybe move towards computerized testing facilities,” Bauer said, referring to ideas in the department to revitalize computer labs as an alternative to pen-and-paper exams. “We have to accept that this is the reality, for better or worse.” But more exams, students say, does not mean better learning, nor does it reflect how computer science is actually done. “Code is so variable and can be approached in so many directions, there’s never just going to be one correct answer. There can be multiple optimal solutions,” Kafka said. Students also expressed concern that the shift toward exam-heavy grading pulls focus away from the applied, project-based work that better reflects both discipline and industry expectations. ADI has tried to respond more quickly than the curriculum can. Through a vibe coding workshop this past semester, club members said they wanted to help students understand not just that AI exists, but how to use it deliberately. “Vibe coding” refers to the practice of prompting AI to write code for a task or project, and has become widespread enough that ADI felt the gap in formal instruction was worth addressing, according to Sophia Huang, BC ’29. The workshop introduced students to the concept of context engineering, which Shaina Sahu, SEAS ’27, described as not just writing a prompt, but optimizing “the rest of the relevant information that you would feed into the model.” Without that, students said that AI-generated code can fail at scale or introduce difficult-to-detect bugs. Genawi said the shift toward AI has changed what it means to be good at computer science. “I think the shift has kind of gone towards what can you create and what can you do, instead of, what do you know,” she said. Indeed, during ADI DevFest, its annual hackathon, Li said more teams are trying to complete their projects than in years past. While sign-ups have historically outpaced submissions, Li said this is beginning to change because teams “have a tool that completes the vision for them.” While many students see AI as an equalizer that lowers the barrier to entry for coding and technical work, Murphy said it also creates new equity concerns inside the classroom around who can afford stronger tools and who already knows how to use them. “The equity issues I worry about are students who have access to paid versions of things versus free versions of things,” he said. Although popular AI models like ChatGPT and Claude have free versions available, both have paid models that can reach over $100 per month, which output different qualities of code. Murphy also pointed to differences in prior exposure to AI literacy itself. “Students who go to high schools or K-12 education, where they’re taught AI literacy, prompt engineering, context engineering, they understand how to do this, as opposed to students who go to schools who don’t teach that,” he said. “Then they come in, and then they’re somehow expected to know how to use these tools.” For Genawi, those disparities begin long before students arrive on campus. “It’s very interesting to consider how lucky you were geographically,” she said. “To be born where you were is influencing your ability to get access to these spaces.” Students like Yu, though broadly apprehensive about the future of computer science, are not without hope. “I’m optimistic, because I think if you’re truly passionate about CS, there will definitely be a place in the field to do something you want to do,” she said. Senior Staff Writer Ria Vasishtha can be contacted at ria.vasishtha@columbiaspectator.com. Follow Spectator on X @ColumbiaSpec. Staff Writer Arjun Menon can be contacted at arjun.menon@columbiaspectator.com. Follow Spectator on X @ColumbiaSpec. Want to keep up with breaking news? Subscribe to our email newsletter and like Spectator on Facebook. Produced with Spectate by Emily Ta

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May 2 • 8:00 PM EDT • Science • columbiaspectator.com
2026 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Awards & Honorable Mentions

Congratulations to our current graduate and undergraduate students and alumni who have received prestigious 2026 National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowships (GRFP) and Honorable Mentions. The National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP) recognizes and supports outstanding graduate students in NSF-supported STEM disciplines who are pursuing research-based master’s and doctoral degrees at accredited U.S. institutions. The five-year fellowship includes three years of financial support including an annual stipend and a cost of education allowance to the institution. Left to right: Row 1 – 2026 NSF Graduate Research Fellowship recipients: Jasmin Bioteau, Kasey Chung, Daniel Cohn, Michael Eng, Tyler Martinez. Row 2 – Henry Shavel, Breanna Sprague, Abigail Wilson, ofia Ando, Daniel Kendall. Row 3 – Rebecca Lee, Lauren Van Auken, Tim Duong. NSF Honorable Mention recipients: Evan Baerg, Isaac Hendrix. Row 4 – Nathan Palmer, Paul Saucedo, Helen Elmer and Maximilian Floridia. 2026 NSF Graduate Research Fellowships (GRFP) were awarded to current graduate students Jasmin Bioteau (Kwon), Kasey Chung (Garg), Daniel Cohn (Kappel), Michael Eng (Doyle), Tyler Martinez (Barber), Henry Shavel (Alexandrova), Breanna Sprague (Garg), Abigail Wilson (Garg); undergraduate researchers Sofia Ando (Shafaat, headed to Princeton for graduate school), Daniel Kendall (Barber, headed to MIT for graduate school), Rebecca Lee (Chen, headed to Stanford for graduate school) and Lauren Van Auken (Garg, headed to the Caltech for graduate school). Former undergraduate researcher Tim Duong ’25 (Neuhauser/Caram, now a graduate student at Princeton) also received the fellowship. 2026 Honorable Mentions by NSF, also a significant national academic achievement, were accorded to current graduate students Evan Baerg, Isaac Hendrix (Tinoco Valencia), Nathan Palmer (Conway),and Paul Saucedo (Doyle). Also receiving Honorable Mentions are former undergraduate researchers Helen Elmer ’25 (Gelbart/Knobler, now a graduate student at the Stanford University School of Medicine), and Maximilian Floridia ‘25 (P. Weiss, now a graduate student at Caltech). Congratulations again to all the recipients! Penny Jennings, UCLA Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, penjen@g.ucla.edu.

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May 1 • 3:50 PM EDT • Science • chemistry.ucla.edu
Graduate school is possible with JUMP - Gary W. Rollins College of Business

Students can take up to nine credit hours of graduate courses charged at undergraduate rates, driving faster completion for master's degrees.

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Apr 30 • 9:06 AM EDT • Business • blog.utc.edu
Political science grad earns academic recognition with Dean’s Medal award

Arizona native Mirei Shikama will graduate this spring as the School of Politics and Global Studies’ Dean’s Medalist, obtaining degrees in global studies and English (creative writing) with a minor in political science.

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Apr 27 • 7:00 PM EDT • Science • news.asu.edu
Political science grad earns academic recognition with Dean’s Medal award

Arizona native Mirei Shikama will graduate this spring as the School of Politics and Global Studies’ Dean’s Medalist, obtaining degrees in global studies and English (creative writing) with a minor in political science.

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Apr 27 • 7:00 PM EDT • Politics • news.asu.edu
Triple major aims for the big leagues in sports finance

“My No. 1 goal is to be the CFO of a professional sports team,” said Ainsley Peterson, a triple-major senior graduating with bachelor’s degrees in accountancy, finance and sports business from the W. P. Carey School of Business — along with a minor in special events management.It’s an ambitious goal, but Peterson, a spring 2026 graduate from San Diego, has been building toward it for years. Her passion for both sports and finance began at a young age, shaped in part by her family’s influence.

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Apr 24 • 5:54 PM EDT • Sports • news.asu.edu
Guest Column: Lowering student loan limits on public health degrees is a bad idea. Here’s why.

Lowering student loan limits on public health degrees would empty the pipeline of professionals that Louisiana desperately needs, argue three deans of Louisiana schools of public health. Here’s why.

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Apr 24 • 5:45 AM EDT • Health • nola.com
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The Business of Two Babson Students Made $3 Million In One Year

Where else can you find student founders who's business made $3 million while pursuing their degrees? Only at Babson College.

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Apr 23 • 3:08 PM EDT • Business • entrepreneurship.babson.edu
Four ECEE students earn major National Science Foundation research fellowships

Four students from the Department of Electrical, Computer & Energy Engineering at CU Boulder have been recognized with 2026 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program awards. NSF GRFP recognizes and support outstanding grad students from across the country in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields who are pursuing research-based master’s or doctoral degrees.Awardees receive a $37,000 annual stipend and cost of education allowance for the next three years as well as professional development opportunities.Learn more about their research below

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Apr 22 • 7:31 PM EDT • Science • colorado.edu
Three URI students awarded prestigious National Science Foundation graduate research fellowships

KINGSTON, R.I. – April 21, 2026 – Three students from the University of Rhode Island were selected from a highly competitive pool of candidates for the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program for the 2026-27 academic year. David Amirsadri and Colby Constantine, who earned bachelor’s degrees in chemical engineering from URI last spring, and […]

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Apr 21 • 2:01 PM EDT • Science • uri.edu
St. Mary's alumnus, student share value of actuarial science

The Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics with a Concentration in Actuarial Science is one of four Math degrees offered at St. Mary’s University.

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Apr 21 • 12:01 PM EDT • Science • stmarytx.edu
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Tyson funds Arkansas 3+1 Poultry Science scholarship

$100K gift supports transfer students in their final year pursuing poultry science degrees through the university program.

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Apr 21 • 9:01 AM EDT • Science • feedstuffs.com
Scientists Prove There Are Just Six Degrees of Separation in a Social Network

A simple pattern links billions of people: just a few connections apart. New research suggests this may be an unavoidable feature of human networks.

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Apr 18 • 9:36 PM EDT • Science • scitechdaily.com
12 Pitt students were named to the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program

The prestigious program supports outstanding students pursuing research-based master's and doctoral degrees with an annual stipend of $37,000.

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Apr 15 • 8:00 PM EDT • Science • pittwire.pitt.edu
Class of 2026: As an Earth science teacher, Linda Le carries forward t

With two VCU degrees – including her new master’s from the School of Education – she will bring her classroom passion to new generations.

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Apr 13 • 8:00 PM EDT • Science • news.vcu.edu
How will NASA get the Artemis II crew safely back on Earth? Here's the science behind splashdown

While splashdown can be harrowing – the spacecraft will hurdle through the atmosphere faster than the speed of sound and reach temperatures in the thousands of degrees – NASA has been doing it for decades.

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Apr 10 • 4:23 PM EDT • Science • pbs.org
North Carolina Republicans Are Trying to Give One of the Country’s Most Partisan Judges a Frightening New Power

Over the past several years, the state’s Republicans have attempted—with varying degrees of success—power grab after power grab.

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Apr 10 • 10:14 AM EDT • Politics • slate.com
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St. Mary’s Law students pursue public health impact through new dual degrees

At a time when public health outcomes are increasingly shaped by law and policy, the St. Mary’s University School of Law is creating new opportunities for students and professionals to examine today’s most urgent public health challenges through an interdisciplinary lens.

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Apr 9 • 2:01 PM EDT • Health • stmarytx.edu
Album Review: 6WA by BigXthaPlug & 600 Entertainment

BigXthaPlug spent eight months in Nashville making a country-rap album that debuted at No. 7 on the Billboard 200, put “All the Way” with Bailey Zimmerman at No. 4 on the Hot 100, got him a Rolling Stone cover, and filled arenas with Jelly Roll. And then he came back to Dallas, rounded up four of his signees, and made a gangsta-rap record with N.W.A’s Straight Outta Compton on the cover. 6WA is the second group release from 600 Entertainment, named after the 600 block of Meadowridge Street in Ferris, Texas, where BigX and his people grew up. The whole thing is loaded with West Coast samples. From N.W.A.’s “8Ball,” Eazy-E’s “Real Muthaphuckkin G’s” and “Boyz-N-The-Hood,” Ice-T’s “6 in the Mornin’,” Snoop Dogg’s “Nuthin’ but a ‘G’ Thang” and more. BigX is staking his name on the lineup he built—Rosama, MurdaGang PB, Yung Hood, KevanGotBandz, KaineMusic—and claiming a lineage from 1,400 miles away while insisting Dallas is its own thing. A million dollars in cash, split and handed straight to his mother. That’s the first place BigX goes on “From the Bottom.” He’d probably still be in the streets if he didn’t have his son and daughter. He only started rapping to make life better for Carter. Couldn’t start his car back then, now people get starstruck at Starbucks, and he throws the whole field away in one sentence: “How you think we competin’? You on the same bag, I just made me some millions off country.” Goyard bags off a Nashville payday, and he wants you to know exactly how far he’s come from everybody else. “Safe to Say” does something similar but looser. It’s a straight Ice Cube “It Was a Good Day” flip, and BigX nails it. Wakes up, checks both phones, nobody’s locked up, kid accounts look good. Gets pulled over, only catches a warning. Pulls up on the squad to liquor, ladies, and haze. Rosama takes the second verse and matches him. Wakes up to his girl cleaning his cuticles, twins playing peekaboo, pays off his car, calls a cousin, sees the opps and they don’t trip. Lawyer calls, he beat his case. Rosama is the strongest voice in the 600 camp after BigX, and “Life of a Gangster” is why. Third person, riding low, blacked-out windows, snub-nose revolver. A character who chose sticking people up over selling dope. “Quick eraser like a number-two pencil.” He never breaks character, and his delivery drops lower and slower than anything he does on the group cuts, like he’s telling you something at a cookout that he probably shouldn’t. Then on “Long Live Fre$h” he’s a completely different rapper. “Short-bus diamonds, these bitches retarded,” wide-body Durango he can’t even park. That kind of range matters on a group record. MurdaGang PB’s best verse is on the title track. Feds at his door at 6 AM, cameras busted, flushing dope, ram truck putting everybody on the floor. Yung Hood on “The Hottest” just lays out four reasons to keep hustling. Who wants to be broke, women cost money, you need bail, and home has to be straight. It’s funnier and more honest than most rappers get when they’re trying to explain why they sell drugs. KevanGotBandz on “Ain’t Never Slowin’ Down” talks about his father getting caught on the dope while he’s sitting on $300K somewhere in the hills, which is a specific kind of guilt that doesn’t usually make it onto crew tapes. KaineMusic, the newest signee, takes the back half of “Who Dunnit” and introduces herself in third person—“Took flight just to show these hoes how to perform”—but it’s too short to know if she can hold a full song. The flex tracks fill the middle of the LP and mostly run together. “I Go” is Rosama and PB trading brands, guns, and food punchlines. Rosama’s “anemic, my iron tucked low in this shirt” is a slick gun bar, PB fires back with “.223 with a clip ‘bout as big as a toddler” and “I go Burger King, stay with that whopper.” Quick, funny sometimes, but it’s all shopping lists. “Dopeman” is a chant. “6ixer Party” brings Snoop Dogg, who does exactly what you’d expect Snoop Dogg to do. BigX contributes the night’s wildest overshare: “She say she brought a friend too, well, I’m tryna put sausage on her dental.” These songs move fast and don’t overstay, but three or four of them could trade verses and nobody would catch it. Midway through, The D.O.C. shows up for a spoken-word interlude. Tracy Curry. West Dallas native, former N.W.A affiliate, co-writer on a lot of the records getting sampled on this very album. He thanks BigX for the tribute and then gets direct: “This your time, this DFW time. You need to do it like we do it down here.” Leave bread crumbs so everybody behind you can eat. Keep God in your life. It’s fatherly and generous, and it does raise the question of whether 6WA follows that advice. The album borrows heavy. The cover art, the Eazy-E samples, “Amerikkka’s Most Wanted” opening with a direct “Boyz-N-The-Hood” lift, Yung Hood rapping “Flag on my left side, Crip until I die.” But the stuff that actually stays with you is Dallas. BigX talking about Pleasant Grove, Rosama calling himself a country boy, PB recounting a raid that could’ve been last Tuesday. The record smells most like itself when it smells like Ferris, Texas, and least like Compton. BigX on “The Hottest” says his father was the first person he knew who had chickens. Not the way rappers usually wave at the drug trade. He means his actual father, his actual family. On “600 Degrees,” Rosama compares his chopper’s stutter to a speech disorder, PB claims he still has the block on his back even after leaving the city. BigX closes that one saying he used to spin and smack, and now the plaques are platinum. Thirty-two minutes was right for this. Nobody overstays, Tony Coles and Rance and Charley Cooks keep the production punchy, and BigX gives his signees real room instead of crowding every song. 6WA doesn’t reinvent anything. Five rappers, good beats, short clock. Most of what they say you’ve heard before. Some of it—the million to his mother, the cuticles and peekaboo, the four reasons to hustle—you won’t forget. Solid (★★★½☆) Favorite Track(s): “Safe to Say,” “From the Bottom,” “The Hottest” Subscribe

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Apr 4 • 8:03 AM EDT • Entertainment • shatterthestandards.com
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Ithaca College to Award Honorary Degrees to a Visionary Theatrical Producer/Director/Educator and a Longtime Local Health Leader

Degrees will be awarded at Commencement ceremony on Sunday, May 17.

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Apr 3 • 8:00 AM EDT • Health • ithaca.edu
Demand for business degrees surges at UMaine, filling incoming class early

Demand for business degrees at the University of Maine is surging, with the Maine Business School nearing capacity for its incoming class weeks before the May 1 enrollment deadline. The school will cap enrollment at 330 first-year students this fall, and nearly half of those spots were already filled before…

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Apr 1 • 1:03 PM EDT • Business • umaine.edu
New memory chip survives temperatures hotter than lava

The electronics inside your phone, your car, and every satellite currently orbiting Earth share one critical weakness: heat. Push them past about 200 degrees Celsius and they start to fail. For decades, ...

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Mar 31 • 5:20 PM EDT • Technology • techxplore.com
I Am CALS: Summer Lanier

Alumna Summer Lanier, new executive director of the N.C. Poultry Federation, earned multiple degrees and tackled a variety of challenges on her path to statewide leadership.

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Mar 30 • 7:13 AM EDT • Science • cals.ncsu.edu
Scientists Stunned: Colossal Eggs Discovered 3,500 Meters Beneath an Active Volcano

Beneath an active seafloor volcano off Vancouver Island, researchers have documented a congregation of giant eggs at roughly 3,500 meters, a discovery that reframes how life can flourish under extreme conditions. The eggs belong to the Pacific white skate, an elusive deep‑sea species adapted to cold, crushing pressure and perpetual darkness. What seemed an unlikely nursery is actually a geothermally warmed refuge, where subtle heat helps embryos survive a marathon incubation. The finding links volcanic energy to a quiet engine of biodiversity, turning a hostile landscape into an incubator. A living volcano, a hidden nursery The seamount long assumed dormant now exhales mineral‑rich, shimmering plumes, proof of hydrothermal life at depth. Expedition cameras swept across black basalt and pale bacterial mats, revealing vents that pulse with warmth. That warmth, though modest by human standards, alters the physics of development for cold‑adapted embryos. In a realm where metabolism creeps, even a few degrees can mean faster growth and higher survival. The volcano is not only active; it is ecologically formative, drafting a blueprint for a thriving oasis. Giant eggs and a skate built for the abyss The Pacific white skate, Bathyraja spinosissima, is built for the abyss: broad wings, armored spines, and a life history that trades speed for endurance. Females lay outsized, rectangular “mermaid’s purses,” often 46–50 centimeters long, packed with rich yolk to fuel years of growth. In the frigid deep, embryos can require around four years to hatch, a timeline that magnifies every energetic advantage. The scale is striking—large eggs, large adults, and a textbook case of deep‑sea gigantism. The volcano’s gentle heat may literally shave months or years from the wait. Why heat matters at the bottom of the sea Hydrothermal circulation delivers low‑level warmth without the turbulence that would scatter fragile egg‑cases. Slightly elevated temperatures accelerate enzyme kinetics, nudging development along while keeping embryos within a safe range. Mineral‑laden fluids likely shape local microbiomes, which, in turn, can influence biofilms on egg surfaces. The environment acts like a slow, steady incubator, countering the deep sea’s tyrannies of cold and scarcity. For a species with long maturation and few offspring, every incremental boost compounds across generations. An ecosystem sculpted by fire and water Seafloor volcanoes create steep environmental gradients, stitching together hot vents, cool eddies, and mineral gardens into mosaic habitats. Microbes harvest chemical energy, seeding food webs that support crustaceans, fishes, and skates. Cameras documented egg‑cases nestled among rocky ledges, near communities nourished by vent‑driven chemistry. These islands of productivity behave like deep‑sea oases, sustaining life far beyond the vent orifice’s flickering light. The nursery’s success underscores how geological forces engineer biological opportunity. “Finding a cradle of life tucked beneath a breathing volcano reminds us that the planet’s harshest places can be profoundly generous.” What the discovery could change The nursery reframes conservation priorities in regions where volcanism quietly underwrites reproduction. Protecting hydrothermal corridors could safeguard entire lifecycles, not just charismatic adults spotted during occasional surveys. It also sharpens questions about how climate‑driven shifts in ocean circulation might influence vent activity, temperature fields, and embryo survival. With methodical mapping, time‑series cameras, and environmental DNA, scientists can track whether nurseries remain stable or drift with geologic rhythms. Key implications include: Enhanced understanding of deep‑sea reproduction at hydrothermal sites. New conservation targets centered on geothermal nurseries. Comparative studies with other volcanic regions, from the Galápagos to rift zones. Biotechnological insights from organisms adapted to long, cold development. Better models of how seafloor heat shapes regional biodiversity. Methods behind the revelation Remotely operated vehicles threaded through chimney fields, gathering video, temperatures, and mineral signatures. High‑definition imagery captured the distinctive, horned egg cases, their edges dusted with fine volcanic silt. Geochemical profiles mapped how heat and chemicals disperse, outlining the “thermal lanes” where eggs most cluster. Combined, these datasets reveal a nursery organized by geothermal topography, with egg‑cases concentrated in pockets of gentle, sustained warmth. A fragile boon in a changing ocean Deep‑sea environments feel remote, yet they intersect with global pressures: mining proposals, cable routes, and shifting oxygen levels. The nursery’s resilience hinges on stable heat flow, intact substrates, and minimal disturbance from noise or sediment. Safeguarding such places is not just about protecting novelty; it preserves a slow, ancient strategy that lets large, long‑lived animals endure in the coldest reaches of the Pacific. Where geology and biology meet, the planet’s deep time still writes living stories. This volcano‑warmed nursery adds a vital chapter to that story, revealing how subtle thermal gifts can tip the scales toward life in the abyss. With each dive, researchers trace the contours of an unseen world, where fire feeds water, and water—against all odds—feeds the future.

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Mar 29 • 5:00 PM EDT • Science • iowaparkleader.com
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Javier Bosch-Lluis

Javier Bosch-Lluis earned his B.Sc. and M.S. degrees in Telecommunications Engineering from the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), where he also

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Mar 26 • 8:07 PM EDT • Science • science.nasa.gov
Proposal overhauls Kentucky State, shifts focus to STEM degrees

The proposal would reduce the school's majors and enrollment; staffing would also be cut.

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Mar 26 • 6:40 AM EDT • Politics • spectrumnews1.com
Brookdale Student Leana Vitale Turns Passion for Science into Research Success

Leana Vitale is proving that curiosity, determination, and hard work can open remarkable doors. A Brookdale student graduating this spring with two associate degrees in biology and chemistry, she has already distinguished herself as an

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Mar 24 • 10:47 AM EDT • Science • brookdalecc.edu
NIU Today - Two business graduate degrees reimagined with a bold AI focus

Beginning this fall, two graduate degrees within the College of Business’s Department of Operations Management and Information Systems (OM&IS) will be reimagined to emphasize their focus on artificial intelligence and analytics. Formerly known as the Master of Science in Data Analytics (MSDA) degree, this degree has been transformed into the Master of Science in Business...

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Mar 23 • 8:00 PM EDT • Business • niutoday.info
2026 Best Business Schools | How Alumni Rate Their Undergraduate Business Degrees

Alumni rate their undergraduate business programs in Poets&Quants’ 2026 ranking, evaluating academic experience, career preparation, advising, and how well their degrees support long-term career goals.

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Mar 23 • 12:00 AM EDT • Business • poetsandquantsforundergrads.com
Student-loan repayment: Colleges are entering private lending

Trump's cap on student-loan borrowing for advanced degrees has prompted colleges to create new lending programs to fill financing gaps.

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Mar 18 • 4:25 AM EDT • Business • businessinsider.com
Guns in schools, rent increases, ICE: CT politics news

Plus: Proposed hospital provider tax changes, a pitch for three-year bachelor's degrees, and a family caregiver tax credit bill advances.

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Mar 13 • 5:30 PM EDT • Politics • ctmirror.org
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M5 Max’s Fusion Architecture Allows For Better Sustained Performance While Running 8 Degrees Celsius Cooler Than M4 Max; Still Gets Uncomfortably Hot

The Fusion Architecture allows the M5 Max to maintain better thermals than the M4 Max while delivering better performance, as shown in the latest comparison

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Mar 11 • 5:06 PM EDT • Technology • wccftech.com
The ideal temperature for happiness: The science behind 57 degrees| Starting Point

Next week, we’ll see a string of days around this important number, when science says we feel "maximized" happiness.

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Mar 6 • 3:28 AM EST • Science • bostonglobe.com
NH's Business: Accelerated college degrees

Fred Kocher sits down with Paula Marie Buley with Rivier University to talk about changing how long it takes for students in NH to earn a degree.

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Mar 1 • 7:35 AM EST • Business • wmur.com
How a Provo-based graduate school is endeavoring to meet society’s healthcare needs

For-profit institution offers dozens of doctoral and master’s degrees for aspiring health care professionals

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Feb 22 • 1:49 PM EST • Health • deseret.com
Virginia students pivot to STEM, health degrees

New state data shows STEM and health degrees surging as humanities majors steadily decline.

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Feb 20 • 3:17 PM EST • Health • axios.com
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St. Petersburg College

St. Petersburg College offers more than 200 associate degree, certificate and transfer programs, including 21 bachelor’s degrees and many high-demand, high-skill industry-recognized workforce certifications.

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Feb 17 • 7:30 AM EST • Science • spcollege.edu
First Black UNC student to receive master's and doctoral marine sciences degrees continues making waves

To counteract the lack of representation Aliyah Griffith saw in the field, she founded MahoganyMermaids, a nonprofit dedicated to uplifting and promoting children of color in the aquatic sciences.

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Feb 15 • 9:15 PM EST • Science • dailytarheel.com
St. Petersburg College

St. Petersburg College offers more than 200 associate degree, certificate and transfer programs, including 21 bachelor’s degrees and many high-demand, high-skill industry-recognized workforce certifications.

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Feb 12 • 12:07 AM EST • Science • spcollege.edu
Marquette Business graduate student’s passion leads to peer-reviewed article

Six years and two degrees later, Marquette Business graduate Samantha Zingsheim found her calling — and is the proud author of a peer-reviewed article in The American Economist.

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Feb 11 • 10:56 AM EST • Business • today.marquette.edu
Building Her Business While Earning Her Degrees

Makenzie is building a real estate business while earning dual degrees in marketing and management at Marshall University. Learn how hometown roots, faith and entrepreneurial drive shaped her journey.

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Feb 11 • 9:34 AM EST • Business • marshall.edu
Alumni Give Business Schools High Marks

Business school graduates around the world continue to see clear value in their degrees, but many say programs must adapt more quickly to changing workplace demands, according to a new global alumni s...

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Feb 10 • 9:00 AM EST • Business • yahoo.com
Kennesaw State University to launch Bachelor of Science in Artificial Intelligence in Fall 2026

Kennesaw State University (KSU) continues to be a state leader in the rapidly growing field of artificial intelligence, with the addition of a bachelor's degree in AI approved Tuesday by the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia. KSU becomes the first institution in Georgia to offer both bachelor’s and graduate degrees in artificial intelligence.

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Feb 10 • 7:00 AM EST • Science • kennesaw.edu
Reaction to Trump’s Racist Post Shows He Is Not Always Immune to Politics

With the midterm elections nearing, President Trump has found himself in the uncomfortable position of backtracking, even if only by degrees, at key moments.

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Feb 7 • 8:06 PM EST • Politics • nytimes.com
Googler shares years-long journey of pivoting from finance to AI

A senior software engineer at Google took 40 Coursera courses and got multiple grad degrees to shift from business to AI.

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Feb 4 • 5:39 AM EST • Business • businessinsider.com
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An Attacking Mindset - Kansas State University Athletics

During his first full weekend in Manhattan, Mekhi Mason fought through windchills of 16 degrees below zero. One day, he struggled to navigate his car through...

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Feb 2 • 7:00 AM EST • Sports • kstatesports.com
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College football coaching carousel: Power Four hires tiered by expectations

There will be 17 first-year coaches in the Big Ten, SEC, ACC and Big 12 next season with varying degrees of expectation

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Jan 23 • 9:33 AM EST • Sports • cbssports.com
How extreme cold impacts the human body, and tips to stay safe

Over the next few days, when wind chills could drop to minus 30 or minus 40 degrees, the cold can quickly become harmful to your health.

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Jan 23 • 6:03 AM EST • Health • jsonline.com
SUNY Orange business degrees earn stellar reaccreditation

MIDDLETOWN- The Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP) recently announced that it has reaffirmed its accreditation for SUNY Orange’s

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Jan 18 • 4:00 AM EST • Business • midhudsonnews.com
LBCC will soon offer its first bachelor’s degree, starting with library sciences

California cleared the way for community colleges to award four-year degrees, but the programs are still scarce. LBCC hopes to eventually offer more.

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Jan 15 • 8:00 AM EST • Science • lbpost.com
Earth's last 3 years were its hottest on record

For the first time, the three-year average global temperature was more than 1.5 degrees C above preindustrial temps.

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Jan 13 • 10:00 PM EST • Science • sciencenews.org
Behind-the-scenes at SUN Entertainment

NAU is more than lectures, deadlines and degrees: It is a place for community, connection and success. This is why the students and staff who are part of SUN Entertainment dedicate their time to creating student-centered experiences that bring people together. SUN—which stands for Student Union Network— designs multiple campus events every year, including concerts, comedy shows, movie screenings, tournaments and craft nights. Each event offers students an opportunity to relax, have fun, make connections outside of…

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Jan 13 • 10:01 AM EST • Entertainment • news.nau.edu
Data science school dean, professor explain the goals of new professional degrees

The new master's degree and doctorate degree additions come after UNC announced it would merge the School of Data Science and Society and the School of Information and Library Science.

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Jan 11 • 8:52 PM EST • Science • dailytarheel.com
2023 Ames Earth Science Nuggets

Earth Science (SG) Nuggets – Menu BarHomeNuggets Home2025202420232022 2023 Ames Earth Science Nuggets Earth Science Nuggets are bite-sized, single-page summaries of recent science results, mission highlights, and outreach activities. Back to Earth Science Nuggets Overview about 2023 Ames Earth Science Nuggets march 2023 Portable, Scalable, and Re-usable Science Data Processing Software for NASA Satellite Missions march 2023 Portable, Scalable, and Re-usable Science Data Processing Software for NASA Satellite Missions May 2023 ARC manages field campaign Sub-MesoscaleOcean Dynamics Experiment May 2023 ARC manages field campaign Sub-MesoscaleOcean Dynamics Experiment June 2023 Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) produces database on trace gas and meteorological observations June 2023 Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) produces database on trace gas and meteorological observations july 2023 Earth’s protective stratosphere affected by clouds from below july 2023 Earth’s protective stratosphere affected by clouds from below August 2023 What does global land climate look like at 2 degrees warming? August 2023 What does global land climate look like at 2 degrees warming? Downloads Portable, Scalable, and Re-usable Science Data Processing Software for NASA Satellite Missions Dec 18, 2025 PDF (279.60 KB) ARC manages field campaign Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment Dec 18, 2025 PDF (333.27 KB) Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) produces database on trace gas and meteorological observations Dec 18, 2025 PDF (332.86 KB) Earth’s protective stratosphere affected by clouds from below Dec 18, 2025 PDF (464.51 KB) What does global land climate look like at 2 degrees warming? Dec 18, 2025 PDF (246.82 KB)

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Jan 6 • 7:03 PM EST • Science • nasa.gov
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Philosophy to the Rescue of Science

The pessimistic meta-induction—the argument that since past scientific theories have been shown to be false, we should expect that today’s will turn out false, too—makes the New York Times. . Elay Shech, professor of philosophy at Auburn University, takes up the topic in the context of current political disputes about science and our government’s seemingly increasing disregard of expertise: Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the secretary of health and human services, made a version of this argument in August when defending his decision to halt hundreds of millions of dollars in mRNA vaccine development despite the objections of vaccine scientists. He said that “science is always evolving” and the experts could not always be trusted. Shech accepts that “many widely accepted [scientific] theories have been discarded” but that the question, “why should we trust the ones we have now?” is misleading. Why? It implies that the only possible attitudes toward science are naïve faith and wholesale pessimism. It assumes that science is a single global entity that rises or falls all at once, when in reality, science is an array of local domains of inquiry, each with its own standards of evidence and degrees of reliability. In place of skepticism, Shech recommends “disciplined trust.” The first step in the direction of disciplined trust is recognizing that “there is no single scientific method used in all of science.” Shech writes: Newton’s deduction from observed phenomena is very different from Darwin’s inference to the best explanation, which in turn differs radically from Einstein’s thought experiments with light beams, trains and elevators. What people call “the scientific method” is really many distinct ways of investigating the world—different strategies for representing, experimenting and classifying. Since different areas of science employ different methods and rely on different kinds of evidence, to make a case for skepticism “you need to look at the evidence and methods in a specific area of inquiry.” And that case will not be “a sweeping claim about all of science” but rather about that particular area of inquiry with, for example, what might turn out to be “well-understood methodological problems.” Shech’s piece is “Science Keeps Changing, So Why Should We Trust It?” (NYT gift link). Discussion welcome (readers are advised to keep in..

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Jan 5 • 10:47 AM EST • Science • dailynous.com
NEA Business Notes: A-State confers 2,335 degrees during fall commencement - Talk Business & Politics

Arkansas State University welcomed a new class of alumni on Dec. 13 during fall commencement exercises, as 2,335 degrees were conferred by Provost and Executive Vice Chancellor Dr. Calvin White...

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Dec 30, 2025 • 3:00 PM EST • Business • talkbusiness.net
Cornerstone University Launches Two In-Demand Business Degrees Through SOAR™

Cornerstone University launches two SOAR™ business degrees with flexible learning and 50% less tuition to help adults and employers grow workforce-ready talent.

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Dec 18, 2025 • 3:25 PM EST • Business • cornerstone.edu
Computer Science Grads Aren’t Landing High-Paying Jobs. But Don’t Trash Those Degrees Yet.

Recent college graduates are questioning the value of their computer science degrees because there aren't as many lucrative jobs available. What they need is a mindset shift.

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Dec 15, 2025 • 4:30 PM EST • Science • forbes.com
Using your superpower: Language and International Business alumna shares her journey from humanities student to business owner

Michelle Wiltse graduated from Clemson in 2018 with degrees in Language and International Business and Economics. Today she owns her own animal wellness company: CompanAIn. Michelle Wiltse graduated from Clemson in 2018 with degrees in Language and International Business and Economics. Today she owns her own animal wellness company: CompanAIn.

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Dec 12, 2025 • 11:01 AM EST • Business • news.clemson.edu
The New WHO Pandemic Treaty and Global Health Governance: Incorporating Common but Differentiated Responsibilities into PABS  - Georgetown Journal of International Affairs

On May 20, 2025, the World Health Assembly unanimously adopted the World Health Organization (WHO) Pandemic Agreement, an international treaty designed to strengthen pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. The product of three years of arduous negotiations, the treaty marks a new era of global cooperation in public health. However, core aspects of the agreement remain unresolved—notably the Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) System, which is intended to ensure equitable access to pandemic-related materials and benefits. To support the successful implementation of the WHO Pandemic Agreement, the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” should be formally incorporated into the negotiating agenda of the PABS annex. Introduction For the first time, an international treaty has enshrined the principle of “One Health,” the compelling idea that the health of animals, humans, and the environment all contribute to pandemic risks. SARS (2003), H1N1 (2009–10), Ebola (2014–16), and COVID-19 all emerged through zoonotic spillover from animal hosts—respectively, civets, hogs, and bats. Together, they underscore the need for a coordinated, cross-sectoral approach. The Pandemic Agreement responds to this call, requiring state parties to acknowledge the ecological interplay and commit to a comprehensive “One Health” strategy. Specifically, Article 5 charges governments to address “the drivers of pandemics and the emergence and re-emergence of infectious disease at the human-animal-environment interface,” including wild animal markets, deforestation, and antibiotic overuse. Yet the effectiveness of this “One Health” vision depends equally on the free flow of scientific information and data among countries and institutions. Just as environmental and animal health factors have been neglected in past global frameworks, so too has data sharing been marginalized, despite its centrality to timely detection and response. The Pandemic Agreement takes an important step by requiring governments to enhance data collection and cooperate with the World Health Organization (WHO). However, these provisions will remain aspirational without a robust Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) annex. The PABS system will determine whether countries and researchers can rapidly exchange pathogen samples and genetic data while ensuring equitable access to resulting research and development, including diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. Without such mechanisms, the treaty’s promise to operationalize “One Health” and strengthen global preparedness will risk becoming largely symbolic, echoing earlier failures to translate shared principles into coordinated action. Equity Concerns When the 2025 Health Assembly adopted the Pandemic Agreement, it left the difficult question of access to pathogens and the sharing of resulting benefits to be addressed in a separate agreement. Negotiations on this separate agreement, PABS, are now underway in Geneva. Yet governments remain divided over fundamental questions of equity between the countries that primarily contribute to the system and those that primarily draw from it—and consequently benefit. For example, wildlife in countries bordering the equator is likely to produce PABS materials, but companies in Europe are likely to use them to develop lucrative products. The most likely contributor countries are likely to be those biodiverse countries around the equator, such as Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Indonesia, where the number of human-mammalian viral host interactions is large. Conversely, countries most likely to benefit from this material are those with the technology, investors, and infrastructure to capitalize on genomic data, such as the United States, EU member states, and Japan. This imbalance reflects a broader pattern seen in prior international frameworks. Now, as in the past, the wealthiest countries in the world (a useful heuristic is membership of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)) disproportionately benefit from systems in which pathogens and genomic sequencing data are contributed to a common source. Under the International Agreement on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the “Plant Treaty” or “Seed Treaty”) and the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework, companies from Europe and North America disproportionately withdraw biological samples and data for development into lucrative medical products. Their governments and companies have both statutory and contractual claims to the products that those companies correspondingly produce. PABS appears poised to follow the same pattern. The text calls for strong language on access to pathogens and associated data, but the corresponding benefits that should flow to poorer countries are couched in equivocal or non-binding language. Common but Differentiated Responsibilities To address these inequities, the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” should be formally incorporated into the negotiating agenda of the PABS annex. Common but differentiated responsibilities are often a feature of climate change negotiations. The basic principle is that, even though all countries should reduce carbon emissions, governments that became rich and powerful through massive carbon emissions (e.g., France, the United Kingdom, the United States) should have a greater obligation to address the resulting crises. Applied to PABS, it would require that governments hosting and supporting companies developing lucrative products carry greater obligations toward the cost of running the PABS system; share benefits or final medical products; and transfer technology to help countries worldwide develop their own capacities to innovate and manufacture vaccines during an emergency. For example, an annex could mandate that any company based in an OECD country that withdraws PABS material would be obligated to donate the resulting diagnostics, therapeutics, or vaccines to the WHO during a public health emergency or pandemic. Questions remain about how robust those donations would be, but the principle is that they should deliver highly significant lifesaving benefits to be equitably shared. Theoretically, this approach mirrors the PIP Framework, in which companies withdrawing influenza samples are required to pay half of the operating costs. In practice, however, the framework has fallen short. The PIP Framework Secretariat has struggled to secure payments from companies, with companies often disagreeing over how much is owed. Additionally, without another pandemic influenza to test the strength of the agreement during a public health emergency, corporate compliance with sharing mechanisms remains unknown. Even if these limitations did not characterize the PIP Framework, partially paying for operating expenses does not address the inequity in access to genetic data and pathogen samples that left less developed countries last in line for COVID-19 vaccines (and, before them, H1N1). Common but differentiated responsibilities would go further, addressing governments’ legitimate grievances regarding information sharing. It would make withdrawals of PABS material and resulting products more transparent, building trust across the board. Enforcement and Enduring Success A key implication of this approach is that the governing mechanism of the PABS must have real enforcement authority. The WHO Pandemic Agreement delegates its core governance responsibilities to a Conference of the Parties (COP)—a governing body composed of one representative from each participating government, similar to those established under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The proposed WHO Pandemic Agreement COP is charged with oversight functions but ultimately possesses no real authority to compel a government to take any action it does not wish to take. The text does not give the COP the ability to, for example, sanction a party that does not comply with either textual obligations or PABS provisions. In other words, there are no effective mechanisms in place to ensure compliance. Perhaps just as significant, establishing a meaningful enforcement mechanism within the PABS system would strengthen the WHO’s credibility and its ability to ensure compliance across global health governance. By setting a precedent for accountability, such a mechanism could enhance the organization’s authority not only within the Pandemic Agreement but also in enforcing the revised International Health Regulations and other frameworks for public health emergencies. Conclusion The PABS annex can—and should—be different. It should establish clear responsibilities for funding as well as for sharing the diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines that result from contributions to the system. The system, in turn, must include a dedicated body empowered to hold governments and the corporations they sponsor accountable for their responsibilities before, during, and after pandemics. Doing so would restore trust in the broader agreement, which was eroded as commitments were repeatedly diluted while parties scrambled to meet their own self-imposed deadlines during the Pandemic Agreement negotiations. A robust PABS Annex would cement a grand social bargain. Wealthier countries and their corporations would gain unimpeded access to scientific information essential for developing and manufacturing lifesaving medical products. As such, they would stand to gain considerable economic benefit. Yet that privilege must be matched with responsibility. The grand bargain must include not only the right to innovate, but also the duty to ensure that innovation serves all. As medical products are developed and produced through collective contributions, every person must have equal access. All human beings deserve an equitable chance to survive—to save their own life, the lives of their families, and the well-being of their communities. … Sam Halabi, JD, MPhil, is the Bette Jacobs Endowed Professor at Georgetown University’s School of Health and the Director of the Center for Transformational Health Law at Georgetown Law. He serves as the co-lead for the WHO’s Working Group on Regulatory Consideration on AI and Health’s training workstream. He earned his JD from Harvard, his MPhil from Oxford, and undergraduate degrees from Kansas State University. Lawrence Gostin, LLD (Hon.), JD, BA, is University Distinguished Professor and Founding Director and Timothy and Linda O’Neill Professor of the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law. He is the author of Global Health Security: A Blueprint for the Future (Harvard University Press, 2021); Global Health Law (Harvard University Press, 2014); Public Health Law: Power, Duty, Restraint (University of California Press, 3rd ed., 2016); Public Health Law and Ethics: A Reader (University of California Press, 3rd ed., 2018); Law and the Health System (Foundation Press, 2014); Principles of Mental Health Law & Practice (Oxford University Press, 2010). He also directs the WHO Collaborating Center at Georgetown University. Image Credit: United States Mission Geneva, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

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Dec 11, 2025 • 12:00 AM EST • Health • gjia.georgetown.edu
‘Godfather of AI' to engineers: Computer Science degree will remain valuable for a longtime, just learn to ... - The Times of India

Tech News News: AI pioneer Geoffrey Hinton advises students and engineers against abandoning computer science degrees, emphasizing foundational skills like systems th

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Dec 7, 2025 • 6:45 PM EST • Science • timesofindia.indiatimes.com
'Godfather of AI' Geoffrey Hinton says computer science degrees 'will remain valuable' — and students should learn to code

AI pioneer and Nobel Prize winner Geoffrey Hinton said students who want to become AI researchers need to focus on critical thinking.

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Dec 7, 2025 • 5:00 AM EST • Science • businessinsider.com
How Trump's plan to change student-loan borrowing limits could affect nursing students

Trump's administration is changing student-loan borrowing caps for advanced degrees. Advocates said it could worsen the nursing shortage.

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Dec 6, 2025 • 4:19 AM EST • Business • businessinsider.com
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Three degrees, one vision: Natarajan Ravikumar blends technical depth, business acumen and data mastery

Three degrees, one vision: Natarajan Ravikumar blends technical depth, business acumen and data mastery Since he was a kid in Chennai, India, relentlessly solving a Rubik’s Cube, Natarajan Ravikumar sought solutions – and he was good at it. Today, he is a three-time Charlotte master’s alumnus and a technology executive at Honeywell, where he is bridging […]

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Dec 2, 2025 • 1:02 PM EST • Business • inside.charlotte.edu
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Limiting Professional Education Loans Is an Attack on Women, Science, and Healthcare

Why is the Trump administration redefining "professional" degrees, and whom will this affect?

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Dec 2, 2025 • 8:30 AM EST • Science • blog.ucs.org
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wow
55%
ahah
45%