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‘Soaked and broken’: Owner of Enfoque Images devastated after her business building collapses
GEDDES, N.Y. (WSYR-TV) — What was once a photography building has now partially collapsed. For Jacqueline Vidler, owner of Enfoque Images, when a neighbor calls, it’s usually not a good sign. “He said...
St. John's Health 'likely' to ask voters for property tax bump
As St. John’s Health navigates turbulent financial waters and a potential Wyoming property tax cut at the ballot in November, the hospital may ask Teton County voters to double its
The inside scoop of UWW-TV sports
Sports coverage has never been limited to one format. It varies from written recaps to watching highlights or listening on the radio. Providing these services is important for engagement within a community, and it has been proven with Whitewater being an example of growth and connection through sports. Students and locals can tune into media...
Trump, 79, Spotted Wearing Band-Aids After Health Concerns
Trump wore two Band-Aids while stepping out Sunday amid speculation about his health.
Ephrata borough to introduce paid parking as local business owners raise concerns
Ephrata's downtown could soon come with a cost, as the borough is planning to roll out paid parking.
Copilot is ‘for entertainment purposes only,’ according to Microsoft’s terms of service
AI skeptics aren’t the only ones warning users not to unthinkingly trust models’ outputs — that’s what the AI companies say themselves in their terms of service.
Copilot is ‘for entertainment purposes only,’ according to Microsoft’s terms of service
AI skeptics aren’t the only ones warning users not to unthinkingly trust models’ outputs — that’s what the AI companies say themselves in their terms of service.
Mulligan's restaurant in Jensen Beach is closing after 23 years in business due to high rent costs
Mulligan's in Jensen Beach is closing on Easter Sunday after 23 years. The owner cited exorbitant rent costs as the reason for the closure.
Mookie Betts lands on IL with oblique strain, but the Dodgers are already set up to handle the loss
Betts was hitting just .171/.281/.429 through eight games this season
FULL SHOW: Inside INdiana Business 4/5/26
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🚨Breaking: Good and bad news at Barça
Marc Bernal will be unavailable for this Wednesday’s Champions League clash against Atlético de Madrid, but Araujo, for his part, will be fit. Yesterday, both Araujo and Marc Bernal had to come off...
Trump is trying to build a massive voter database. Election officials are afraid of what he’ll do with it
The Trump administration is intensifying its campaign against alleged voter fraud, taking new steps toward building a national citizen database and ramping up its hunt for suspected noncitizen voters — all under the banner of “election integrity.”
Houston Rockets jersey history No. 10 - Jabari Smith Jr. (2022-26)
During his time suiting up for the Rockets, Smith wore only jersey Nos. 1 and 10 and put up 13.6 points, 7.3 rebounds, and 1.5 assists per game.
The 76ers’ return to health could be in time to make a playoff run
It’s been a chaotic year for the 76ers, who entered the season as a dark horse competitor in the Eastern Conference.
House Democrats to hold California 'shadow hearings' on midterm election security
House Democrats will hold informal hearings in California on midterm election security, following multiple threats of intervention in state-run voting by the Trump administration.
Annual Santa Fe Chamber of Commerce Business Expo planned for Thursday
Roughly 120 exhibitors and more than 1,000 attendees are expected for the expo at the Santa Fe Community Convention Center.
Cooper Flagg becomes youngest player in NBA history to post 50-point game
A 19-year-old just dropped 51 points in a game.
Do your kids play sports? Here’s how to keep it fun and stress free
The American Academy of Pediatrics reports 40% to 50% of youth athletes feel stressed by sports-related expectations. So how can parents help their children enjoy the game without feeling overwhelmed?
Math Needs Its 'Science of Reading' Moment (Opinion)
A psychologist explains how discovery-first math falls short.
2026 Best & Brightest Business Major: Stephanie Ramos, University of Iowa (Tippie)
Stephanie Ramos, a 2026 graduate of the University of Iowa, has been named a Poets&Quants Best & Brightest Business Major of 2026
Luka Dončić exits with hamstring injury in disastrous night for Lakers vs. Thunder
It was a very bad night for the Lakers.
New study shows that SKYPAC generated over $16 million in 2025
The report highlights SKYPAC’s role as a destination that attracts visitors who spend money throughout the community.
Coinbase clears key regulatory hurdle in bid to bolster its stablecoin business
Coinbase has received conditional approval from the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) to operate as a trust bank, the company said Thursday.
Trump fires Attorney General Pam Bondi after criticism over Epstein docs: reports
Trump fired Attorney General Pam Bondi after controversies over withholding Jeffrey Epstein documents and the dismissal of charges against Democrats.
The Best Cocktail to Order on a Flight, According to Science
Wondering which is the best cocktail to order on a flight? A study shows the flavor of a Bloody Mary is enhanced by a plane's atmosphere.
Hennepin Healthcare workers push lawmakers to shore up support for hospital at risk of closure
Nurses and physicians at Hennepin Healthcare in downtown Minneapolis, home to the first level-one and busiest trauma center in Minnesota, on Wednesday urged the state Legislature to throw the hospital a lifeline — and fast.
Chicopee Chamber’s business expo to host 50+ local businesses
The Greater Chicopee Chamber of Commerce is hosting a business expo next week at the Castle of Knights, featuring over 50 local businesses.
Historic Rock Island Bridge opens in Kansas City as new entertainment option
Historic Rock Island Bridge opens in Kansas City as new entertainment option
Surprising study shows Alzheimer's may start in the body instead of the brain, a discovery that turns medical science upside down
Alzheimer’s disease may begin outside the brain, with inflammation in organs like the skin, lungs, and gut decades before symptoms appear.
Bolter: Michigan's mental health plan faces criticism
Michigan's MDHHS is pushing a 'Mental Health Framework' that critics say adds bureaucracy and harms patient care.
NFL owners approve mandate that teams employ full-time mental health clinicians
Previously, teams were required to have one clinician work eight to 12 hours per week over a two-day span.
Schumer had a plan to win back the Senate, but some Democrats aren't on board
Democrats are fighting over whether the party's traditional playbook still works in a country that elected Donald Trump for a second time — and whether leaders like Schumer should remain in charge.
Person Trapped Under Crane Dies At Carol Stream Business: Authorities
The person was pronounced dead at the scene, authorities said.
The future of space business depends on a rocket that keeps blowing up
Dozens of startups working on data centers, mining and pharmaceuticals are hanging on Elon Musk's long-stalled megarocket.
Ex-NYPD sergeant arrested in corruption case linked to NYC lawmaker, Hochul aide
The case is linked to a City Council member and Hochul aide.
America Needs Reproductive Health Leave
Too often, "women have to choose between working through unbearable pain, losing income they can’t afford to go without, or tapping into a limited number of sick days," writes Congresswoman Ansari.
Cardi B and Steph Curry earn Webby Award nominations, along with Sydney Sweeney's bathwater
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The future of space business depends on a rocket that keeps blowing up
Dozens of startups working on data centers, mining and pharmaceuticals are hanging on Elon Musk's long-stalled megarocket.
Strong Solar Flare Erupts from Sun
The Sun emitted a strong solar flare, peaking at 11:19 p.m. EDT on March 29. NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory, which watches the Sun constantly, captured an
PAVmed Provides Business Update and Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2025 Financial Results
/PRNewswire/ -- PAVmed Inc. (NASDAQ: PAVM) ("PAVmed" or the "Company"), a diversified commercial-stage medical technology company, operating in the medical...
Stocks making the biggest moves premarket: Sysco, CrowdStrike, Alcoa & more
These are the stocks posting the largest moves premarket.
What's next for Purdue? Longtime anomaly of continuity faces roster turnover, rebuild after loss to Arizona
Purdue has been a model of consistency in an era of college basketball where teams annually turn over entire rosters. Can they sustain success after an exodus of experienced talent?
Science Central unveils new planetarium
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FULL SHOW: Inside INdiana Business 3/29/26
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The science behind why you can’t lose weight
When you understand what is making you hungry, you can start working with physiology instead of against it.
Mercedes-Benz service tech charged for allegedly taking customer’s vehicle to sports bar
A dealership employee in Tennessee has been charged after being accussed of taking a customer’s vehicle.
Mercedes-Benz service tech charged for allegedly taking customer’s vehicle to sports bar
A dealership employee in Tennessee is facing charges after being accussed of taking a customer’s vehicle.
Mercedes-Benz service tech charged for allegedly taking customer’s vehicle to sports bar
A dealership employee in Tennessee has been charged after being accussed of taking a customer’s vehicle.
At third No Kings rally in Seattle, tens of thousands decry Trump
“This to me looks like history is being made,” said Nick Brown at a massive rally in Seattle. Protesters had much to say about ICE, Iran and the Epstein files.
Seattle Art Museum considers influences of celebrated Northwest Mystics
The Seattle Art Museum exhibit "Beyond Mysticism" traces the pulsating throughline that connects artists from the midcentury to the city’s contemporary artists.
Lakers Announce Bronny James News After 33 NBA Games
Bronny James has managed just 33 games for the Los Angeles Lakers this season.
Open for Business: Thompson Garage Doors shares commitment to quality
Thompson Garage Doors is located at 171 S. 18th Street, Sparks.
The Patriots are banking on a youth movement in Foxboro
The Patriots going to the next level in 2026 will depend on Mike Vrabel’s first draft class getting its opportunity.
World Health Organization tracking new COVID variant, found in more than 20 states
The World Health Organization is tracking a new COVID variant, known as Cicada
Resident Evil Lore Master Reflects on What Requiem Got Right and Wrong as the Franchise Returned to Raccoon City and 'Retconned' Its Destruction
Resident Evil's unofficial lore master has weighed in with his thoughts on Resident Evil Requiem, which adds a sizable new chapter filled with story revelations to Capcom's veteran horror franchise.
FSU College of Social Science launches three new degree programs
Florida State is expanding its career-focused curriculum, turning popular certificate tracks into full Bachelor of Science programs by fall 2026.
Geno Auriemma and Dawn Staley are torchbearers of women’s basketball. But who’s next?
The sport needs more prominent voices for the next generation of coaches and players.
A handful of US malls are defying the odds in the era of e-commerce. Lakeside is one of them.
Here’s how the Metairie ball is bucking the trend. “Retailers used to come to town to open three locations. Now, they’re looking to open one and it’s at Lakeside.”
Democratic lawmaker asks judge to remove Trump's name from Kennedy Center
In a motion filed Wednesday, Rep. Joyce Beatty of Ohio argues that Congress was clear in its intent that the Kennedy Center is named for the late President John F. Kennedy — and no one else.
Trump's phone number 'worst-kept secret,' with 50+ interviews in weeks
The Atlantic and Semafor reported that President Donald Trump's phone number is being traded among journalists in Washington. Was it leaked?
Scientists may be overestimating the amount of microplastics in the environment – and the culprit is lab gloves
Tiny particles from certain lab gloves look like microplastics, and they can contaminate samples, new study finds.
Tom Brady says he's asked NFL about potential comeback: 'They don't like that idea very much'
Tom Brady has asked the NFL about its policy of allowing minority owners to return as players, but he has no plans on returning the field, he told CNBC.
Prediction market bets on sports, election, war would be verboten under new legislation
Lawmakers have introduced a flurry of measures to rein-in prediction markets in recent weeks, as the platforms have come under increased scrutiny.
As political winds shift, this Louisiana renewable energy venture shoots for the stars
"We've spent years figuring out how to make wind blades lighter, stronger and cheaper — and we're set up at a facility that will allow us to expand quickly into production and shipping at scale. Now we're ready to apply those strengths to booming sectors of the economy."
Hair care brand Olaplex to be acquired by Germany's Henkel for $1.4 billion
Hair care brand Olaplex Holdings on Thursday said it entered into a definitive agreement to be acquired by Germany consumer goods maker Henkel for $1.4 billion.
Winter sports teams earn scholastic honors - Fayetteville-Manlius CSD
All 10 of the Fayetteville-Manlius School District Winter 2025-26 varsity sports earned Scholar-Athlete status from the New York State Public High School Athletic Association (NYSPHSAA) Section III. This accomplishment is earned by 75% or more of the varsity roster having an average grade point average (GPA) of 90% or above; 171 student-athletes earned that accomplishment.
Florida Democrat flips seat in special election in district that includes Trump’s Mar-a-Lago
Democrat Emily Gregory won a Florida special election on Tuesday, flipping a state legislative district that is home to Mar-a-Lago, the Palm Beach estate that President Donald Trump counts as his residence. The president had endorsed Gregory’s rival, Jon Maples. In a social media post Monday, he urged voters to turn out, saying Maples was backed “by so many of my Palm Beach County friends.” READ MORE: Trump casts Florida ballot by mail as he
How to watch MLB games in 2026: Local broadcasts, streaming services, national games and more
It's not as easy as just flipping on your cable box anymore
Italy's growth outlook darkens due to Iran conflict, business lobby says
Italy's economy will grow by 0.5% this year, the country's main business lobby Confindustria forecast on Wednesday, cutting its previous 0.7% estimate made in October and warning of strong downside risks if the conflict in Iran drags on.
5 events in Lancaster County this weekend, from \'Heated Rivalry\' dance party to magic swap meet
Before you make your weekend plans, make sure these events are on your radar.
Grace Lutheran in Oak Ridge offers a night of entertainment and coffee
Grace Lutheran Church of Oak Ridge presents Coffeehouse on March 27. It's a night to featuring music from three groups, coffee and snacks.
Should computer science be compulsory in Ohio schools?
Currently, twelve states in the US are phasing in requirements for students to complete a computer science course before graduating high school. Should Ohio become the 13th state? That is what a pair of bills in the Ohio Statehouse are proposing to do.
Broadview mayor demands closure of ICE facility, reimbursement of village, business losses
The suburban mayor asked the feds to pay back $700,000 in costs to the villlage associated with Operation Midway Blitz and for economic losses suffered by nearby businesses.
Broadview mayor demands closure of ICE facility, reimbursement of village, business losses
The suburban mayor asked the feds to pay back $700,000 in costs to the villlage associated with Operation Midway Blitz and for economic losses suffered by nearby businesses.
Williamston woman accused of punching ECU Health police officer in face
Tyniqua Keener was charged with assaulting a company or campus police officer, intoxicated and disruptive, resisting a public officer, and disorderly conduct.
What’s That Building? South portico of the Griffin Museum of Science and Industry
The structure’s south entrance will be put to use for the first time in more than a century, just in time for the Obama Presidential Center opening nearby this summer.
Florida Democrats hope in special election to flip a state legislative district that includes Mar-a-Lago
Democrats in Florida are hoping to capitalize on the party’s recent special election overperformances and come out on top Tuesday in a special state House election for a Palm Beach district that includes President Donald Trump’s Mar-a-Lago residence.
The Supreme Court’s conservatives could significantly alter the 2026 election
The Supreme Court on Monday appeared ready to limit mail-in ballots, a move that would reinforce the justices’ pattern of shrinking voter protections and that has, at bottom, favored Republican interests and the Trump administration.
Obesity report sets out vision for healthy future in Peterborough
A new obesity charter for Peterborough says authorities should look beyond individual behaviour.
Letters: Newspapers hold a position in our democracy, unlike any other business
I read with interest Duke Truby's viewpoint about a newspaper print medium being a "business" in the strictest sense. As such, that business should cater to its customers and clients.
Florida basketball stunned by Iowa in March Madness Round 2 upset
Florida basketball was stunned by Iowa, ending its hopes to repeat as national champions in the Men's NCAA Tourrnament.
Your Thymus and Your Healthspan
Our thymus gland plays a central role in the development or our immune system, specifically for supporting T cell development (how these cells got their name, maturation and differentiation in the thymus) and discriminating between self and foreign, non-self antigen proteins with production of dendritic cells. As we age, our thymus gland shrinks—the process known as involution—with progressive change from spongy to fatty tissue, with loss of functionality. But this process, with respect to timeline and extent, markedly varies from one person to the next. And to make things even more complicated, our thymus gland anatomy and precise location in the chest also is highly variable. So the famous Frank Netter diagrams from the 1960s (such as at left below) don’t capture the remarkable heterogeneity that a random set of 12 chest CT scans (below at right). What I consider as 2 landmark papers in Nature this week (here and here) used AI to quantify health of the thymus in 2 large cohorts, and then correlate the metric to a broad array of health outcomes. In this edition of Ground Truths, I’m going to cover three questions: (1) How was thymus health determined by AI?; (2) How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? and (3) Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? Subscribe 1. How was thymus health determined by AI? This was accomplished by extensive work developing and validating an AI pipeline for 2 stages, the first for localization and segmentation of the thymus bed, and the second to quantify a digital marker, termed the thymic health score. There’s a lot to this algorithmic development, so I won’t go into all the details, but just provide a rudimentary outline of what was done. The 1st stage used supervised learning with 2 radiologists reviewing 2,461 chest CT scans. That work trained a 3D U-Net model to automatically identify the thymic bed’s 3D cropped region using center of mass coordinates, which reached 99.8% accuracy. The 2nd stage used a foundation model that was pre-trained with SwAV (which stands for Swapping Assignment between multiple Views), a self-supervised model, that generated a high-dimensional thymus representation of 4,096 features. That compares to the radiology reductionist and subjective scoring of 0 to 3 where 0 means the thymus is fully degenerated and fatty, and 3 is considered dense, intact glandular soft tissue. Notably, the self-supervised learning (SSL) performance was superior to supervised (AUC ~0.75 vs 0.55, respectively) reflecting the shallowness of the 0-3 classifier vs SSL’s holistic, self-taught AI. The thymic health score ranged from 0 to 100, with the highest number indexed to fully preserved thymic health. The algorithmic work extended to explainability with both Shapely value distribution, meaning the model was holistic not relying on any “magic” pixel, and occlusion sensitivity, demonstrating the model’s performance was not affected by ribs, sternum, lung tissue, but rather focused on the thymic bed directly. Below are a few saliency maps from the occlusion sensitivity that indicate the thymic bed focus, not affected by neighboring structures, using the jet color scale. Now the AI was ready for processing ~25,000 CT scans, each over 30 MB files, from the 2 large participant cohorts to provide a thymic health score, it did so in less than 14 hours, which is less than 2 seconds per scan! Share 2. How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? The two cohorts were the National Lung Screening Trial, NLST (N=25,031) and the Framingham Heart Study, FHS (N=2,581) each with baseline demographics and long term follow up of >12 years for health outcomes. From the NSLT, you can see below that increased age and body-mass index were correlated to reduced thymic health. And, overall, men had reduced thymic health scores compared with women. There are a lot of graphs in the paper for outcomes, for both the NLST and FHS cohorts. To simplify the major outcomes, below is a composite Figure with striking reduction of all-cause mortality and for the different causes of death. The results were consistent between the 2 cohorts. For example, the cardiovascular mortality hazard ratio average was 0.57 in NLST and 0.38 in FHS (weighted to be 0.53 for the aggregate). The reduction of mortality also extended to digestive diseases and pulmonary disease (data not shown below). Lung cancer incidence was reduced by 36% for high vs low thymic health (Figure below, with a panel -incidence and b panel-mortality, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status). Notably, there was a smoker’s paradox: lower incidence and improved survival for lung cancer in smokers who had a high thymus health score. Smoking was associated with lower thymic scores whereas alcohol was not. Higher thymic health was linked to higher HDL cholesterol, lower triglycerides, lower fasting blood glucose, and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Inflammation biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, were elevated in the people with lower thymic health scores. In their second paper, the same team looked at the relationship between thymic score and outcomes for 3,476 patients receiving cancer immunotherapy. The non-small cell lung cancer progression-free survival was reduced in patients with low thymic health score. A parallel relationship for survival was seen for other types of cancer including melanoma, breast, and kidney with a 44% lower risk among high thymic scores (Figure). A similar pattern was seen with different immune checkpoint inhibitors. The thymus health score outperformed programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)and tumor mutation burden (TMB) assay of the tumor and was an independent prognostic marker of progression-free survival. In this dataset, a direct connect with thymus score and adaptive immune function was noted with a correlation before cancer treatment for both T-cell diversity and thymus T-cell production (a metric known as T cell receptor excision circles). Thymus Removal Study There is a highly relevant citation about thymus function before moving onto ways to rejuvenate it. In 2023, a very important study of thymus removal during cardiothoracic surgery was published, with 1146 patients undergoing thymus removal vs 1146 matched controls (mean age 55 years). The adverse outcomes for thymus removal were striking, with a 2.9 higher risk of all-cause mortality and doubling of cancer incidence, 1.5 fold increase in cancer mortality, and 1.5-fold increase in autoimmune diseases. The immune function showed marked compromise after thymus removal, as reflected by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Figure below) Share Ground Truths 3. Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? In recent months we’ve learned a lot about the process of thymus involution and the pathways by which this may be modulated. Thymus involution is primarily due to loss to thymus epithelial cells (TECs) and there are 2 subtypes with different functions: the cortical, responsible for positive selection of T cells, and the medullary, for negative selection. When adipose tissue infiltrates the thymus, thymic adipocytes are pro-inflammatory, knocking out T-cell output. Likewise, systemic inflammation, or “inflammaging,” from smoking, obesity, and chronic stress promote thymic adipocytes. Now, from preclinical studies, we know about key pathways that account for these processes. Historically, back in 2014, FOXN1 was recognized as a single master transcription factor essential for TEC function, with studies in mice with forced FOXN1 upregulation leading to thymus regeneration. That laid the foundation for potential regrowth of quiescent thymus cells. It took awhile to find pathways to accomplish this goal and to even refute its role as the master regulator. The Liver-Thymus Axis Feng Zhang and his team recently showed that injection of an mRNA vaccine to the liver encoding DLL1, IL-7 and FLT3-L in combination, factors known to support thymopoiesis (Figure), successfully enhanced immune function in aged mice. However, the effect was transient. The FGF21 Story Two reports in 2025 addressed the thymus gland’s production of FGF21, a growth factor (fibroblast growth factor 21) and its control of thymus involution. This growth factor is also produced by the liver, but it doesn’t have impact on the thymus in aged rodent models. In contrast, The liver’s hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to reverse senescent TEC structural changes. Growth hormone stimulates production of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the liver and the thymus. Two small studies in human participants (TRIIM, for Thymus Regeneration, Immunorestoration, and Insulin Mitigation) of 6 and 50 people, respectively, treated with combined human growth hormone, metformin and DHEA, suggested the potential of slowing epigenetic aging and improving thymus mass and function. But the combination of drugs, small sample, and lack of controls make conclusions murky. Increased thymus FGF21 led to increased CD8 T cells in old mice and extended healthspan and improved physical performance. Building on the previous FOXN1 data, ablation of β-klotho, the obligatory co-receptor for FOXN1, accelerated thymic aging. The benefit to FGF21 was confirmed in a companion paper using an FGF21 knock-in mouse model showing thymus enlargement and increased TECs throughout the lifespan. (schematic Figure below). The accompanying editorial for these 2 papers speculated: “The proposed link between age-associated thymus involution and organismal aging is intriguing, and suggests we might seek to achieve systemic rejuvenation by counteracting thymic involution.” Other Factors Lessons from the Axolotl (Mexican Salamander) In an elegant set of experiments of the axolotl (Figure), known for its complete thymus regeneration after total surgical removal, mediators were identified. Surprisingly FOXN1 was dispensable. But midkine, a growth factor, appeared to be the driver, the initiator of thymus cell growth, survival, and repair. Other components that contributed were Postn+ (periostin-expressing mesenchymal niches) and Ccl19, a chemokine protein from the bloodstream. RANK and RANKL RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB its ligand (RANKL) have been considered key regulators of medullary TECs. In a study of both aged mice and human thymus cell cultures, their key role was confirmed, with multiple benefits of resorting TEC function, recruitment of progenitor cells, and T cell development. Subscribe Summing Up This body of work strongly supports the health of the thymus gland as a critical regulator of human healthspan, not just a correlate or link. The new landmark studies are reinforced by the regenerative biology experimental models that have shown, via an array of mediators, that healthspan of aged mice is at least in part dependent on thymus gland function and its critical role for maintaining adaptive immunity. It sure seems that we’d be better off having an immune reservoir of naive T cells instead of a profile in older adults of exhausted, low quality, memory T cells, with a senescent phenotype. It is striking that we ignored the importance of the thymus gland for many decades. A wake-up call was the results of the thymectomy matched control study reviewed here, with the opposite of high thymic health score improved health outcomes. The convergence of AI and healthspan here is notable. The exceptional and laborious work for developing and validating (no less explaining) the AI to quantify thymus health set the foundation for probing the connect the major health outcomes in two cohorts with extensive follow-up. We’ve never had a way to meaningfully quantify the thymus gland before, so this represents important leverage of supervised, self-supervised, and transformer models. The study wouldn’t have been possible without AI. And it begs the question as to whether there are ways we can maintain our thymus at a high health score. But it’s not so simple to rejuvenate our thymus. There are multiple risks including the induction of autoimmunity, increasing the risk of cancer, and inducing a pro-inflammatory state. For example, factors that increase TEC proliferation could compromise the medulllary negative selection process and leak out auto-reactive (self-attacking) T cells. Thymic cells could be induced to proliferate, but we know, for example, that growth hormone and IGF-1 are associated with an increase risk of cancer. If thymus rejuvenation doesn’t clear out the accumulated senescent cells in older adults, then inflammation within the gland could block the production of TECs. Keeping these risks in mind, we now have identified many ways to keep our thymus healthy as we age that undoubtedly will be tested in clinical trials going forward. Ultimately, the benefit-to-risk tradeoffs will be defined. In the meantime, we have desperately needed an immunome. As I’ve stressed in multiple prior Ground Truths, we have no test in the clinic to assess a patient’s immune status! It was very encouraging for me to get an email from Hugo Aerts, the senior author of the landmark papers in the days after they were published: “I also wanted to say that your Substack on “Why We Need an Immunome” was inspiring for this work. We found it a very compelling perspective and greatly enjoyed reading it.” Just having an assessment of a person’s immune status via a chest CT scan, with millions of these performed per year, might help in guiding the right immunotherapy for cancer (e.g. more intensive, combinations for those with low thymic health scores) and help define people who are increased risk for age-related diseases of cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative. The main theme of Super Agers is that we now have many layers of data (genetics, proteins, biomarkers, organ clocks that can be integrated via multimodal AI) for us to define a person’s specific risk decades before one of these age-related diseases leads to symptoms, enabling prevention. From the new studies this week, we can add thymus health score as yet another way to understand a person’s risk, a window into their adaptive immune system and healthspan. And perhaps someday we will be able to safely rejuvenate the thymus, or maintain its health through one’s life, and use the thymus health score to monitor. NB: I wrote this post (No A.I.) A Quick Poll Loading... ********************************************************************* Thanks to Ground Truths subscribers (now > 200,000) from every US state and 212 countries. Your subscription to these free essays and podcasts makes my work in putting them together worthwhile. Please join! If you found this interesting PLEASE share it! Share Ground Truths Paid subscriptions are voluntary and all proceeds from them go to support Scripps Research. They do allow for posting comments and questions, which I do my best to respond to. Please don’t hesitate to post comments and give me feedback. Let me know topics that you would like to see covered. Leave a comment Many thanks to those who have contributed—they have greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for the past two years. 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