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Wicked STEM 2026
Three-year-old Logan Goulet seems a amazed as he watches a ball float on air while attending the Wicked STEM Expo on Saturday at Southern New Hampshire University in Manchester.
To Your Good Health: Word-recall difficulty causes concern in 70-year-old female
Occasional tip-of-the-tongue word-recall problems are a normal part of healthy aging.
Rangers flip narrative as McInnes makes mark
Consecutive Old Firm derby wins show Derek McInnes is starting to make his mark at Rangers after a mortifying start.
The 20-Year-Old System Running Your Business Is A Leadership Risk
The technology nobody wants to touch carries more risk than anyone’s tracking. A conversation with a modernization expert reveals why that risk belongs to leadership, not IT.
Business Email Compromise: How AI Is Transforming An Old Scam
Microsoft identified scammers using AI to perpetrate Business Email Compromise scams on a massive scale
Here's why Apple scrapped its shorter Apple Pencil designed for iPhone Duo: report
Leading into the iPhone Duo launch, we heard from Bloomberg’s Mark Gurman that Apple was considering a new Apple Pencil...
Hayden Christensen and Rachel Bilson's Daughter, 11, Hits the Red Carpet Holding Hands With Dad
Holding hands with her dad!
NH's Business: Access to healthcare for adults in rural New Hampshire & Vermont
Fred Kocher sits down with Dr. Nathan Goldstein and Angelo Volandes with Dartmouth Health to talk about how adults can navigate healthcare in rural settings.
NH's Business: Access to healthcare for adults in rural New Hampshire & Vermont
Fred Kocher sits down with Dr. Nathan Goldstein and Angelo Volandes with Dartmouth Health to talk about how adults can navigate healthcare in rural settings.
Rare earth exposure causes 3-fold increase of health risk to China’s newborns
Research tracking pregnant Chinese women over a two year period shows link between critical mineral exposure and low baby birth weights.
Rare earth exposure causes 3-fold increase of health risk to China’s newborns
Research tracking pregnant Chinese women over a two year period shows link between critical mineral exposure and low baby birth weights.
Power & Politics: Suffolk Democrats gear up for convention, local elections
Democratic Party Chairman Rich Schaffer and Southold Town Democratic Committee Chair Katherine Casey Quigley join the show.
Michael Carrick Feeling Familiar Pressure Of Recent Man United Managers
Michael Carrick knows better than most what Manchester United demand of their manager.Having spent more than a decade at Old Trafford as a player and later worked on the coaching staff, he understands...
3 bold predictions for Broncos’ game vs. Jaguars
Here are our bold predictions for the Broncos' game against the Jaguars on Sunday.
Orlando Science Center opens renovated theater
A lot is happening at the Orlando Science Center. The organization recently reopened the Dome and hosted a series of sold-out laser shows this summer. A new exhibit called “Extreme Sports: Beyond Human Limits” opens in late September, showing visitors what it’s like to rock climb and use a flight suit. To top it off,
Nashville SC eye bigger dreams after clinching playoff spot
By Ben WrightNASHVILLE, Tenn. – On Saturday night, Nashville SC officially became the first team to clinch an Audi 2026 MLS Cup Playoffs spot.The Boys in Gold cruised to a 3-0 win over Chicago Fire ...
The era of the personal agent has finally arrived
Tech giants and startups are racing to build your AI agent.
NFL Sunday Night Football best bets Week 2
Sunday Night Football brings the Indianapolis Colts to Arrowhead to face the Kansas City Chiefs, and there are several player props worth targeting. Here are four bets for the Week 2 NFL matchup. MORE: Bold predictions for Week 2 of…
Science Tells Me How. God Tells Me Why.
A 13-year-old Christian at a public charter school writes about asking questions when science class seems to conflict with their faith, and why they are learning apologetics.
Lance Leipold Admits Concern About One Kansas Position Group’s Health
After Saturday's loss to Arizona State in London, HC Lance Leipold mentioned a serious area of concern for the Kansas football team moving forward.
John Farnham's Family Reveals Health Decline Ahead of Tribute Show
John Farnham will not be present at the sold-out concert built to honor his half-century career, his family confirmed
Mark Ruffalo urges California AG Rob Bonta not to 'cave' in Paramount-Warner Bros. merger fight
Mark Ruffalo urged California Attorney General Rob Bonta not to cave on settlement talks over the $110 billion Paramount-Warner Bros. Discovery merger.
A 60-year-old mom faces retirement with $156K in student loans
She doesn't have a college degree of her own, but she's staring down a six-figure student-loan balance she took on to give her kids a better life.
For Your Health
Dementia touches many lives — in many different ways. And most of us likely have some firsthand experience with it, whether it’s with an aging family member or friend or neighbor. …
I spent 30 minutes with the iPhone Duo — 3 things you just don’t get from the pictures
This thing hits different when you hold it
Meet a 71-year-old who retired as a radiologist and professor, and now runs a banana-skewer business: ‘I never want to retire. Why would you do that?’
Richard Brown’s career has taken him from the exam room to the classroom and boardroom. At 71, he’s still working—and is now focused on entrepreneurship.
Six Flags Entertainment (FUN) Launches Flex Pay, Is The Stock Still Cheap?
Six Flags Entertainment (FUN) has rolled out Flex Pay by Upgrade, a pay over time option for eligible online purchases from $49, including Season Passes, that lets guests spread fixed monthly payments. The new Flex Pay option lands at a time when Six Flags Entertainment’s share price has come under pressure, with the stock closing at US$12.22 and recording a 30 day share price return down 26.96% and a 1 year total shareholder return down 45.25%. This signals fading momentum even as management...
Deco outlines Barcelona’s three-player renewal plan
Barcelona sporting director Deco told the club’s General Assembly that agreements are close to being finalised on new contracts for Raphinha, Marc Bernal and Xavi Espart. Raphinha’s proposed exten...
What to Do If You’re Laid Off and Too Young for Medicare
At best, older, laid-off workers will struggle to find health insurance that bridges the years before they qualify for Medicare at age 65.
3 science-backed home remedies to ease the common cold
Rest and hydration are essential, but these other strategies may also bring relief.
Lib Democrats fight for a breakthrough in Britain’s fractured politics
Britain’s Liberal Democratic Party is holding its annual conference in Brighton this weekend.
[Science Through Covers] EGFR T790M mutation in US Southeast drives inherited lung cancer risk
Harvard Medical School team links 200-year-old founder effect to sharply higher lung cancer risk among non-smokers in southern Appalachia
Museums Use AI and Chemistry to Restore Ancient Egyptian Scents
From olfactory archaeology of 3,000-year-old mummies to MOF-based electronic noses for healthcare and safety
Brighton's Pascal Groß retires from international duty with Germany
After scoring in Brighton & Hove Albion’s 3-0 win over Arsenal on Saturday, Pascal Groß announced that he has decided to retire from international football with Germany.The 35-year-old was part of ...
Kings fall to Golden Knights in the Empire Classic
Jackson Hallum scores twice in the Empire Classic as the Los Angeles Kings lose 4-2 to the Las Vegas Golden Knights Saturday night in Ontario. Andre Lee and Lane Pederson scored for the Kings, but it wasn’t enough for the Knights’ relentless offense.
Sean Sharaf Pulls Off Biggest Upset in UFC History
Heavyweight Sean Sharaf pulled off the biggest upset in UFC history when he knocked out Gable Steveson in just 12 seconds at UFC 331. Sharaf stormed across the cage and caught Steveson with a massive left hook that immediately knocked him out cold for the biggest win of his MMA career to date and the […] The post Sean Sharaf Pulls Off Biggest Upset in UFC History appeared first on HEAVY.
A win for Celtic ‘changes the game’ says Broony
Former Celtic skipper Scott Brown believes that a win for his old side against bitter rivals The Rangers this afternoon ‘changes the game’ for Martin O’Neill’s side after a tough week…13th S...
Thompson Health Hosting Job Fair in Canandaigua
Thompson Health, Ontario County's largest employer, holds a job fair September 30 in Canandaigua. Learn about openings and interview on-site for positions.
Tencent Music Entertainment Group (NYSE:TME) As Its Fans Economy Story Keeps The Undervalued Case Alive
Tencent Music Entertainment Group (TME) has drawn investor attention after recent share performance, with the stock down over the past month and past 3 months. This has prompted fresh questions around what is currently priced into the business. Set against that short term weakness, Tencent Music Entertainment Group’s share price is down sharply year to date and over the past year, while the 3 year and 5 year total shareholder returns remain positive. This suggests recent momentum has faded as...
Ducks Sign Tim Washe to Four-Year Extension
The 25-year-old was set to be a restricted free agent with arbitration rights next summer.
Exeter’s Ridl blow
EXETER winger Campbell Ridl is set to miss much of the season after suffering a knee ligament injury. Ridl was a breakout star last season scoring 17 tries in 24 games including one in the final defeat to Northampton. The 21-year-old former England U20 flyer was hurt in Exeter’s opening pre-season game when they lost […] The post Exeter’s Ridl blow appeared first on The Rugby Paper .
Searle’s new deal
LEICESTER Tigers and England A fly-half Billy Searle has signed a new contract with the club. The 30-year-old joined Leicester in 2025 from French club Agen and scored 217 points in 24 appearances in all competitions during his debut season. His form earned him a nomination for the Prem player of the season award in […] The post Searle’s new deal appeared first on The Rugby Paper .
Saracens take command to overrun Tigers
By BEN JAYCOCK LAST season’s double winners Saracens made a devastating opening statement of intent in the PWR Cup with a 66-0 demolition of Leicester Tigers yesterday, running in 10 unanswered tries. Charlotte Wright-Haley opened the scoring for the holders after three minutes before Joia Bennett, Daisy Fitzgerald and Emma Hardy crossed to establish a […] The post Saracens take command to overrun Tigers appeared first on The Rugby Paper .
Schools rugby looks in fine fettle
THE appetite to watch good schools rugby is alive and well judging by the 2,000-strong crowd that watched Bedford School play Rugby School at Goldington Road on September 4. The Midlands derby, which was a Friday evening fixture played under floodlights at the home of Champ stalwarts Bedford Blues, showed that the heart of community […] The post Schools rugby looks in fine fettle appeared first on The Rugby Paper .
Stephen Curry Discusses Recruiting LeBron James In Free Agency
The Golden State Warriors viewed LeBron James as their only major free agent target, but they ended up losing to the Philadelphia 76ers. Stephen Curry was rumored to recruit James since they’ve been linked together for over a decade now as the faces of the NBA. Despite having a lot of respect for Curry, LeBron […] The post Stephen Curry Discusses Recruiting LeBron James In Free Agency appeared first on HEAVY.
AMC Entertainment Holdings (AMC) Could Be 6% Undervalued As Premium Formats Lift Attendance
Recent commentary on AMC Entertainment Holdings (AMC) points to a stronger film slate and higher demand for premium formats. This is lifting attendance and sentiment even as investors continue to watch the company’s leverage closely. At a share price of US$2.70, AMC Entertainment Holdings has seen a 7 day share price return of 9.76% and a year to date share price return of 67.70%, yet the 1 year total shareholder return has declined 10.30%, signalling that recent momentum contrasts with a...
Seattle Seahawks Lose Another Starter For Cardinals Game
The Seattle Seahawks announced Saturday that starting right guard Anthony Bradford is out for Sunday’s contest against the Arizona Cardinals; Mike MacDonald told reporters on Friday that Christian Haynes takes Bradford’s place in the starting lineup. In a corresponding move, the Seattle Seahawks promoted safety Rodney Thomas II, similar to the opening game against the […] The post Seattle Seahawks Lose Another Starter For Cardinals Game appeared first on HEAVY.
Early voting begins in US midterm elections that could flip control of Congress
In Fairfax, Virginia, 18-year-old Sanya Singhal said she voted early to “try to be the first early voter.” In Henrico County, Laura Bland said she cast a ballot to send “a signal that we’re still here.”
Tony Parker loses official coaching debut against older brother's team
Tony Parker loses official coaching debut against older brother's team
Body camera video released of fatal Phoenix shooting of 20-year-old man in mental health crisis
Phoenix police released body-camera footage showing a fatal encounter with a 20-year-old man whose family says was experiencing a mental health crisis.
A 66-million-year-old tooth reveals T. rex was nearly as warm as a human
Chemical clues preserved inside fossilized T. rex teeth reveal that the dinosaur maintained a body temperature of about 97 degrees Fahrenheit, almost identical to humans. The finding provides direct evidence that the giant predator was warm-blooded, helping explain how it stayed active and survived in chilly environments as far north as Alaska.
Chicago Bears vs. Minnesota Vikings Game Picks and Predictions
The WCG staff, including @GOOCH1701, @SamHouseholder, @iamcogs, and @wiltfongjr, makes their picks for the Bears vs. Vikings game!
Local business hires 12-year-old to create stop-motion animation ad
PMR Automotive hired a 12-year-old from North Carolina to create a stop-motion animation commercial for them, highlighting not only the business but the boy’s creativity.
Caglianone returns to lineup, apologizes for punching wall
Jac Caglianone returned to the lineup Saturday against the Pirates after missing Friday night’s game for punching a dugout wall and cutting his hand. Caglianone addressed the media Saturday before the game, calling it a “very selfish and immature move on my part.” “These guys hold me to a higher standard,” said Caglianone. “I hold […]
Jets fan confidence surges after Week 1 victory over Titans
Each week throughout the season, we ask Jets fans how confident they are in the team. Heading into Week 1, 63 percent of Jets fans who voted in our poll told us they were confident in the team’s direction. That is a solid number but still a tad lower than normal heading into Week 1. […]
Seahawks' Mike Macdonald Offers 'Optimistic' Sam Darnold Injury Update
Darnold is out this week with a glute injury, but could he return sooner rather than later?
Scientists Rewrite the Atomic Structure of Glass While It Melts
Researchers can now rewrite glass chemistry while it is still molten, unlocking properties that extreme heat once made impossible.
Saturday Night Open Thread: Can’t Stand *Pats
Come and join this merry band of Steelers’ faithful for some lively debate about our Steelers, good food, music, and the merits of the odd cold beverage.
Brazil's new 9️⃣? Raphinha bags another hat-trick for Barcelona
It’s not “old” news.Raphinha bagged ANOTHER hat-trick in a Barcelona shirt.This time, the feat came this Saturday (19).He scored ALL of Barça’s goals in the 3-1 win over Sevilla right at the ...
7-Year-Old Boy Burned in Fire After ‘Science Experiment’ with Household Items Goes Wrong
“Every single day asks an unbelievable amount of strength from him,” a family member wrote on GoFundMe
A 35-Year-Old Is Facing A $19M Business Exit — But 70% Of The Value Is Tied To Real Estate
Selling a business for an estimated $19 million sounds like the hard part is already over. For one 35-year-old, though, figuring out what to do with the money may be just as complicated. About 70% of the value they expect...
Buckeyes Roll Over Kent State while Jeremiah Smith Makes History
Ohio State rolls over the Kent State Golden Flashes while Jeremiah Smith makes history.
Deals: iPhone 18 Pros launch, refurbished iPhone 17 Pros are expensive, Galaxy Z8 foldables discounted
A refurbished 17 Pro Max costs as much as when it was new. The iPhone 18 Pro and 18 Pro Max went on sale this week in the US, along with 64 other countries...
Report – Arsenal hands Real Madrid a transfer blow
Arsenal have handed Real Madrid a major transfer blow with their stance on Martin Zubimendi, as the Gunners insist he will not be sold during the January transfer window.The midfielder has hardly play...
Match Preview: Fulham vs. Manchester United
The Reds are on the road and looking for a boost after losing successive matches at Old Trafford. The controversial loss to Manchester City, to an Erling Haaland goal that should have been disallowed, was followed by a Carabao Cup exit at the hands of Brighton & Hove Albion on Wednesday. After a disappointing start […]
Frankie Muniz and Ex Paige Reunite for Son Amid 'Rock Bottom' Struggles
Frankie Muniz and his estranged wife, Paige Price, are putting on a united front for the sake of their 5-year-old son, Mauz.
Yankees Send Aaron Judge Back to the Injured List
The New York Yankees will once again be without their captain and reigning American League MVP, Aaron Judge. The team announced on Saturday morning that the 34-year-old will hit the 10-day injured list (retroactive to September 17th) due to a right calf strain. Judge only appeared in seven games after returning from a fractured rib …
Chris Simms Eviscerates ESPN, 'College GameDay' For Political Propaganda
He didn't hold back.
5 bold predictions for Bears vs. Vikings
Some big receiving performances for both teams and a signature rookie moment highlight our bold predictions for Bears vs. Vikings.
The New York Times
Japan’s health ministry released data on Tuesday showing that there are now 107,677 people who are at least 100 years old, an increase of nearly 8,000 since last year. Women make up the vast majority...
Florida health department confirms dengue as Tampa woman's cause of death
The 80-year-old was apparently the first person in the region killed by the mosquito-spread virus in nearly a century. There are signs the Hillsborough County outbreak could be waning.
Delivery Outlook Shows Tesla (TSLA)’s Core Business Under Pressure. Its Next Growth Engine Must Deliver
Goldman Sachs has cut its delivery forecast for Tesla, Inc. (NASDAQ:TSLA) while citing weaker sales trends across the company’s most important markets. The investment bank slashed its Q3 delivery forecast to 435,000 vehicles from 490,000. It also lowered its Q4 delivery forecast to 475,000 vehicles from 515,000. The question now is whether Tesla’s demand weakness […]
Analysis: Fearless Seagulls rewarded for attacking approach
Brighton came into this match as the league's top scorers and did not disappoint with their attacking mindset. Diego Gomez on the wing did an excellent job of keeping Riccardo Calafiori quiet, while Charalampos Kostoulas caused problems for the Gunners backline throughout. The 19-year-old Greece international deserved his excellent goal, which was his third in successive games, as he looks to show he can step up to be Brighton's main striker following Danny Welbeck's summer departure to Chelsea.
In January 2026, researchers completed a drilling project beneath 1,716 feet of ice in West Antarctica, recovering evidence of an ocean that once lay open to sunlight
The discovery rewrites Antarctica's climate history—and raises urgent questions about how quickly ice sheets can collapse.
Harmless myths everyone still believes that science has totally debunked
Harmless myths everyone still believes that science has totally debunked Some myths survive purely because correcting them feels unnecessary. Nobody gets hurt believing a goldfish forgets everything in three seconds, so nobody bothers checking. That […]
Raphinha gives Barcelona clear signal on his long-term future
Raphinha has told RAC1 he would be happy to extend his Barcelona contract beyond its current 2028 expiry and finish his career at the club, according to Barca Blaugranes. The Brazilian is currently ti...
Early Games Thread – Anything Interesting Going ON? -Game Thread
I like college football, but when you look at today’s slate of games, it’s really hard to find something that might be interesting to watch. Therefore I have included all a lot of lower division games. The big game of the day is LSU-Old Miss. Possibly for the number of riots and fisticuffs that could […]
Small businesses, big impact | Inside Blount County's hospitality growth
Oldham Hospitality and Gemini Hospitality are proving that locally-owned restaurants can be real engines of small business growth and economic and community development.
UNC's next home football game officially sold out
UNC hosts Notre Dame on October 3 in what should be a college football thriller. It'll be tough to get a ticket to that early-fall clash.
Iconic 40-year-old beer brand closing down its beloved brewery
One of the first brewpubs to open in the U.S.
Bar Harbor Parents Again Raise Concerns About How Some Science Education In Sixth Grade.
The Bar Harbor Story is generously sponsored by Restaurant Barn. BAR HARBOR—Parents again raised concerns this week about how Bar Harbor students receive science instruction after fifth grade, months after the same issue came before the Bar Harbor School Board. The concern centers on a past scheduling change at Conners Emerson School that gives fifth graders a full year of science rather than switching between science and social studies at midyear. Principal Dr. Heather Weir Webster told the board that the school has been monitoring test scores, teacher feedback, and the experience of students as it considers whether the current approach is working. If it is not, the approach may be changed, but that would not likely occur this school year. In fifth and sixth grade, the school used to have one semester of social studies and one of science in each year. That schedule shifted because switching at midyear often broke up the learning units. So, approximately two-three years ago, they decided to shift that a bit. Science became a dedicated focus in fifth grade. Social studies was the dedicated focus in sixth grade. The school staff members are hoping to dive deeply into the data and see if the students are having a more quality experience throughout their time in those grades when it comes to science and social studies. If not, things could shift again. This year, Dr. Webster said at the September meeting, potential changes to curricula have been a bit complicated by moving into the school’s new building in late October and early November. “There have been no changes this year because it’s hard enough to handle the move. That allows them to have consistency,” Dr. Webster said. Dr. Webster said that after the Covid pandemic which prevented students from attending school in person, many fifth graders were struggling. “We tried several different configurations,” she said, including a co-teaching model to help with that struggle, but to also see how to best schedule and support those students. “We found that a January switch” where classes switched from social studies to science was really difficult. Part of the decision making stemmed from science being more hands-on and accessible to fifth graders. Social studies was a bit more abstract content, which was why the school tried the current configuration. In a letter submitted as public comment, parent Beth Dumont wrote, “In May 2026, I wrote to express my concern that our middle school students are not receiving consistent instruction in science and social studies. I appreciate that the Board took this concern seriously and requested a presentation from Principal Webster. I am also grateful for the opportunity to meet with Principal Webster and Julie Keblinsky in July to learn more about the current curriculum and scheduling. “During that meeting, I learned that the current model is intended to integrate science and social studies into other subjects during the years or semesters when they are not offered as standalone courses. “While I appreciate the intent behind this model, I remain concerned about its premise. Science and social studies are core academic disciplines that provide students with essential knowledge, skills, and ways of thinking. Yet under the current schedule, students are not guaranteed consistent instructional time in these subjects. Instead, exposure to content in these disciplines may depend on whether opportunities for integration arise within other classes. “To be clear, I strongly support interdisciplinary learning. Integrating science and social studies across the curriculum can enrich students’ educational experiences and help them make meaningful connections across subject areas. My concern is not with integration itself, but with relying on integration as a substitute for dedicated instruction in core disciplines.” Dr. Webster said that they’ve been monitoring test scores, talking to teachers, seeing how the pilot program works. It’s in its third year now of this schedule. One science teacher, she said, told her he’d seen positive outcomes with full year science and that there was a stronger classroom community. Another science teacher had concerns over the readiness last year, but she isn’t feeling that way about this year’s current class. A third teacher for social studies said he loves the full year. A fourth teacher of social studies hasn’t said that anything has changed. For the three fathers who spoke at the school committee meeting, the fractured science curriculum caused concerns. One father said that when he spoke to others, “all were surprised and confused as to why there was no dedicated, continuous science education,” at the school. Though students are testing well in science and math, he worried that without continuity in education, learning is lost. “We shouldn’t have to choose between key learning disciplines,” he said. Matthew Bergin, another father, agreed, adding, “I’m just a little concerned.” In her letter, Dumont wrote, “As the parent of a recent sixth grader who completed an entire year without a dedicated science course, I saw very little evidence that this integration was occurring in a consistent, systematic, or readily identifiable way. This is not a criticism of our middle school teachers, who have been uniformly excellent. Rather, it is a structural criticism of the current schedule.” Dr. Webster gave an update about all aspects of the schedule and how it’s created and she also spoke to social and emotional learning (SEL) in middle school. It’s explicitly taught but also embedded. Science is embedded as well and explicitly taught at all but that one grade. The school schedule is built from lunch out, then electives like art and physical education are placed, before going into the instruction time, teacher planning time, multi-tier support systems (MTSS), and then social and emotional learning. Teachers have to have 250 minutes a week of planning time per their contracts. That’s the minimum and occurs when their students are at specials. “The schedule is really not the purview of the board,” School Board Chair Marie Yarborough reminded the other board members and the public and thanked Dr. Webster for the presentation. The parents were also thanked for coming. LINK TO LEARN MORE [ ](https://barharborstory.substack.com/p/despite-strong-rankings-some-bar) [ Despite Strong Rankings, Some Bar Harbor Parents Raise Concerns About School's Science Education ](https://barharborstory.substack.com/p/despite-strong-rankings-some-bar) Carrie Jones · Jun 4 [ Read full story ](https://barharborstory.substack.com/p/despite-strong-rankings-some-bar) HELP SUPPORT THE BAR HARBOR STORY When we started The Bar Harbor Story, we didn’t know if anyone would read it. But you showed up. You shared. You sent tips. Now—over 400,000 views every month later—it’s clear: people here care about their community and each other. We’ve kept everything free because news should never be out of reach, but every one of our stories takes time to write, and your support keeps The Bar Harbor Story going. If you value our work, please consider a paid subscription, a founding membership, or a sponsorship. It truly helps us cover one more meeting, tell one more story, shine one more light. Even $5 a month makes a difference. Click here to become a one-time supporter now. Thank you so much for being here. Founding member information can be found here. Have questions about sponsorships? Just send Shaun an email at sfarrar86@gmail.com, he’d love to hear from you. Subscribe Share Bar Harbor Story Share Leave a comment
Russia holds parliamentary vote in areas it seized from Ukraine in the war
Russia's parliamentary election for the first time is being held in Ukraine's regions that Moscow illegally annexed after the start of its full-scale invasion more than 4 1/2 years ago.
The Big Holes in Wearable Heart Rate Variability And Readiness Scores
On September 9th, Apple announced it was revamping its Apple Watch Health Sensing System, rolling out a Readiness score (0 to 10), and increasing the frequency of heart rate variability (HRV) outputs 24-fold. This can be viewed as upping its competition with various other consumer wearable sensors. These “readiness scores” as a composite of multiple metrics, with heart rate variability (HRV) being front and center for most. The majority of Americans are now using wearable sensors, which equates to well over 100 million adults. HRV and Readiness scores are increasingly being marketed as a measurement of autonomic nervous system health, a digital marker for future disease, a clock for biological age, and a holistic metric to promote healthspan and even longevity. (Apple also introduced a new longevity tab and “Health Age”.) None of this has been proven. In this edition of Ground Truths I am going to review what we know about heart rate variability and readiness scores. Heart Rate Variability HRV is the variation in normal heart cycle timing. The variability of the heart rate, the barely perceptible millisecond changes in time between consecutive heart beats (see R-R intervals in the Figure below, left panel), is due to interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagal nerve) inputs. Distinct from heart rate, individuals with the same heart rate can have very different HRVs. It is a rough reflection of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, inadequate to say whether a person’s ANS function is abnormal. For more than three decades, heart rate variability (HRV) has been measured and several studies have found an association of low HRV and clinical outcomes, particularly a link with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. There have also been less well established links of low HRV to risk of early cognitive impairment, dementia, mental illness, Type 2 diabetes and substance abuse. An important reminder is that HRV is a surrogate marker without any established cause-and-effect relationship. If you increase your HRV, that doesn’t mean it will improve health outcomes. In fact, there is no hard evidence for that. All that work linking to health outcomes was done with electrocardiogram (ECG) derived HRV. Now, in the era of consumer wearables, this is getting assessed differently, by optical pulse (yes, the lights you see) plethysmography (PPG) or what is called pulse rate variability (PRV). They are not the same, as shown below (right panel) and only concordant when the delay between the ECG and pulse is kept constant, which basically means at rest. I should mention there’s also what I will call MPV, a mattress mechanical movement sensor, a derived heart rate variability, that companies like Eight Sleep use, even further away from directly measuring HRV. HRV has not one uniform measurement but many different types of quantification, such as RMSSD, the magnitude of difference between successive R-R intervals of normal sinus beats (N-N) or SDNN, the standard deviation of NN intervals, both in milliseconds. SDNN is one of the so-called frequency domain HRVs (others are LF, HF, LF/HF). Different wearable sensors use different metics; Apple has relied on SDNN and nearly all of the others use RMSSD, which is generally considered the more accurate metric. There’s also the different length of time measured, such as for a matter of minutes, all day, or an overnight’s sleep. Short measurements are especially problematic since they don’t capture enough of respiratory modulation and other factors that influence HRV. Share Ground Truths How well does HRV correlate with PRV? There are very limited studies, especially independently done. One that is commonly cited was conducted by Air Force researchers in only 13 healthy adults assessing Oura ring 3 and 4, Whoop 4.0, and Garmin Fenix 6 and showed a correlation coefficient of 0.88 to 0.97 and a mean absolute percentage error from 6 to 10%. The correlation is not a perfect 1.0, but there’s at least a fairly high level of correlation. HRV is supposed to increase during the night due to takeover of the parasympathetic nervous system, and higher during deep sleep. A recent example of my 1 week, all day “HRV,” and one during sleep is shown below. As you can see, the N of 1 data are inconsistent for the same days from different sensors (Oura, AppleWatch, Fitbit Air, and Eight Sleep) by patterns, absolute numbers, and comparison with prior days and weeks. The largest study in over 8 million Fitbit users (the old version, not Google Fitbit Air, introduced in May 2026) gives you a sense of the effect of age, sex, and the 2 different main HRV (here PRV) metrics, with RMSSD on the left and SDRR (=SDNN) on the right below. That study, from data collected in 2018, is a major outlier, since all the more recent ones are tiny with respect to sample size. Many of the companies have not had independent evaluation of their HRV, such as Eight Sleep, but have published a low standard error on their website. There are some other published studies on the correlation between HRV and PRV, but they are all small and only in healthy adults. A scoping review emphasized the lack of study in underrepresented individuals, including the aged, people of color (which affects the PPG signal), and individuals who are underweight or obese. Add the typical adult age 60 plus with one or more chronic diseases. For example, one study in over 900 adults found poor correlation of HRV and PRV, non-uniformly underestimated across many chronic diseases (cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological, respiratory, and others), concluding PRV is “an invalid surrogate for HRV.” A recent systematic review of 43 studies comparing HRV and PRV found reasonable pooled absolute standardized error (HRV as gold standard) but only 10 of the studies provided quantitative synthesis in ideal conditions. Their main conclusion was similarly cautious: “PPG-derived HRV [PRV] should not be regarded as universally interchangeable with ECG-derived HRV across all devices, populations, and recording contexts.” Factors Affecting HRV and PRV That gets me to the long list of factors that affect HRV (and PRV) besides the device, the type of measurement (RMSSD, SDNN or others), the person’s signal, the sensor site, the duration of data capture, if weighting by sleep stage is used, how artifact is processed and corrected. And this list is not complete!: Oura puts out data from their community of users (who input data) on what affects their overnight HRV. The factors currently provided are: no alcohol (increase 8%), melatonin (increase 2%, float tank (increase 2%), wine (decrease 4%), and party (decrease 14%) in overnight HRV. Must be some big parties! Subscribe What is a PRV measurement good for? It has been falsely characterized as an index of “autonomic balance” and a specific indicator of stress. A 2018 review of the studies available for HRV and its relationship to stress, not using any of the current wearables, found that stress can lower HRV. But so can many other factors. The non-specificity of the signal, indexed to the table above, is striking. Evidence from a UK Biobank study of over 46,000 participants with actual HRV looked at genetically predicted HRV, a genetic risk score, that failed to show the expected HRV-mortality link, indicating that _HRV is likely not causa_l, but rather a reflection of person’s physiologic state. A review of consumer wearable HRV data from 5 longitudinal studies showed that nighttime PRV was not associated with perceived stress, and surprisingly higher HRV, in the largest cohort (N=717 participants), was correlated with higher stress. An Oura ring cohort of 525 first-year college students found a link between overnight PRV and perceived stress, but that was also seen with resting heart rate, sleep, and respiratory rate. Several very small studies have examined the relationship of HRV and athletic injuries or guiding training with mixed, and predominantly negative results. HRV biofeedback training with paced breathing had no significant effect on reducing stress or raising HRV, as demonstrated with sham controlled trials. When HRV for multiple days showed a decline in conjunction with body temperature, the Oura ring published data for prediction of Covid. The WHOOP company sponsored an observational study, published in 2026, of 30,000 users for 72 weeks, without a control group, that reported reduced alcohol intake (5.8 % points) by self-report. That doesn’t tell us much, and particularly about the merits of HRV for behavioral change. If you use the same device and conditions as longitudinal trends for multiple (at least 2-3) weeks that may be the one way to get something useful from the measurements. Data for overnight sleep with minimal motion and using RMSSD is the best proxy for real HRV. The reason to look at trends rather than any given night is that it more likely represents something, even though you won’t know with certainty what the “it” is. Keep in mind there are no data, no peer-reviewed evidence, to show that HRV fluctuation in-person has any correlation with health outcomes. Share Readiness Scores These are proprietary scores that integrate different metrics for each of the wearables: no algorithms have been disclosed. They are unvalidated against health outcomes. In a review of 14 composite health scores of readiness and recovery, HRV contributed 86% to the scores, followed by reading heart rate (79%), physical activity and sleep duration (both at 71%). That review noted the substantial variability in measurement protools and lack of standardization. Sleep staging is notoriously inconsistent and inaccurate by these sensors, which adds further to the HRV uncertainties for what the scores, which use sleep stage data, mean. Only resting heart rate has been shown consistently across devices to be extremely accurate. I’ve made a Table to summarize what we know about which metrics are included, the scores, any peer-reviewed studies that compared the readiness score with health outcomes, and the corresponding (if any, NA-not available) citation. You will note that some companies do not use the term “readiness," such as WHOOP for recovery, and Garmin, which has 2 different scores, one of which is Body Battery. Eight Sleep uses the term “Fitness Score.” They all include HRV; Apple includes a new metric they call “Recovery HRV” which among other components uses 7-days of sleep, but it is unclear what this means or how it is differentiated from other scores (there are clearly no data for outcomes). We have no knowledge of how the different components are weighted or whether any of these scores are better than resting heart rate, HRV alone, physical activity, or any other single metric. Since none of these are standardized, they are not interchangeable, so if you get a 90 for Oura that has no relationship to a 90 on a Google Fitbit Air. Notably, the company can update its algorithm for readiness score at any point without notification to device users. Without any useful evidence of actionability for these scores or established relationship with health outcomes, it is hard to make a case for their value. At the Apple recent announcement they showed their Readiness score (0-10) on the watch (Figure below) but there are no published data on this score, not even on their website. It’s available only on their new Watch Series 12 or Ultra 4 [of course, ;-)]. That exemplifies the problems with these scores, lack of data and evidence for being meaningful to promote health. Perhaps the best study (which isn’t saying much) is the WHOOP Recovery for golfer performance, because it did correlate with an objective outcome, even though there was no control group and the authors were all from the company. Among the 389 pro golfers, an absolute 10-per cent point increase in Recovery score was associated with about 0.5 fewer strokes per round. But that’s hardly a health outcome! WHOOP is also conducting a study in over 2,700 runners to see if their recovery score will be linked to less injuries and improved performance, but that is not yet published and has no control group or randomization. Putting This in Context For two decades I’ve been enthusiastic about the potential for digital health and particularly wearable biosensors. Over the years, we’ve seen some great progress for their ability to promote physical activity and accurately detect atrial fibrillation (the first FDA cleared deep learning AI for consumers). That work was the subject of rigorous research. But there are holes in the data and evidence for other metrics. One notable one is the “VO2 max” story that I wrote about earlier this year. At that time many subscribers asked me to cover heart rate variability, which I finally got to here. When I dived into the research and publication for HRV and readiness scores, I expected to find at least some that were of high quality and demonstrated their utility by linkage to health outcomes. To my surprise, I found none. The wearable sensor measurements for HRV (PRV) are, for the most part, accurate, but that validation work has only been done in small studies of healthy adults and does not take into account the long list of factors, from the device, software side, and the user side, that affect HRV measurements. Moreover, this metric chiefly relies on optical sensing and, as we have learned for heart rate PPG sensing, may be less accurate in people of color. Keep in mind that all of the health outcome association evidence comes from ECG-derived HRV; none are from wearable sensor data. I will repeat the key point: there's no peer-reviewed evidence to show that in-person HRV fluctuation—or efforts to raise your HRV— has any correlation with health outcomes. For those of you who look at your HRV on awakening, or even 2+ week trends of it being low, I hope this context helps to relieve any anxiety. Yes, low HRV (not PRV) has been shown to increase risk of some diseases as summarized above. But efforts to raise your HRV—a surrogate metric— has not been established for improving any health outcomes. HRV does not have any evidence of causality (the genetic evidence actually goes against this possibility). In this summary, I have not included data for other wearable sensors such as Polar, Samsung, Withings, Suunto, Amazfit, Coros, Ultrahuman, or additional mattress sensors. These are beyond my first-hand experience, and as far as I know from my in-depth review none have any peer-reviewed published data that differ from the 6 sensors I’ve reviewed here. From the points I’ve gone over above, we’re not ready for readiness scores. Besides being proprietary, they are predominantly based on metrics that have their own issues. It’s compounding the problem, like building a house without a solid foundation that has never undergone a rigorous inspection, and then selling it. Like I mentioned for PRV, you can look at trends over weeks rather than any single day, to get a handle, but even that may not be helpful. There’s simply no evidence that these scores meaningfully relate to health outcomes. I’d emphasize they might, but that requires doing prospective or randomized studies to prove it. None exist. There’s great promise for HRV/PRV utility_. For example**,**_ Prof Maiken Nedergaard, who discovered the brain glymphatics that are essential in eliminating metabolic waste products from the brain during sleep, has posited that HRV could be a non-invasive marker for neuromodulator oscillations, brain-body regulatory circuits, and brain clearance. That would be extremely useful, but like everything else on HRV and readiness scores it requires solid research and validation. The lay media isn’t helping much to get the story straight. Earlier this year The Economist published a piece entitled “The most useful indicator of your overall health” which ordained HRV as an “accumulated stress score.” That’s akin to the false assertion about VO2max: “V02 max is the singular most powerful marker for longevity.” As I’ve summarized here, that is not established. The fact is that so many things can lower HRV, including physical exercise (especially an intense workout), reduced sleep quality, stress, the list above, no less the device, signal, and software. Whatever fluctuations observed have not been correlated with any health outcome. Sadly, “datamaxxers” are widely using HRV and readiness scores that have never been validated to mean anything. We already know that for some people using the sensors for sleep metrics, it can induce “orthosomnia,” an obsession to get high sleep quality, with associated high levels of anxiety. In an experiment done by a company to promote sleep quality for its employees, “For those employees who did use the trackers, many reported feeling perfectly rested until their tracker told them they had had a terrible night. Others were told that they had slept like a baby when they had actually been lying awake worrying about the quality of their sleep. “ The same problem can result from preoccupation with HRV or readiness scores, with anxiety that would lead to further reduction in both. It you are using a wearable like >100 million American adults, it’s OK to look at these data, but contextualized with the major caveats reviewed here. If you are one to require evidence that HRV or readiness scores are linked to health outcomes, you may not even want to look. The companies make it hard to turn them off! Let me end with the companies that make and sell wearables. Apple’s doubling down on HRV (24-fold more reporting and heart rate very 5 seconds) and introduction of a Readiness score tells us that consumers have bought into these metrics and they are joining the club. However, all of this is occurring with a backdrop of tens millions of users, claims about the data that are not backed up by adequate evidence, marketing way out in front of whatever limited data exists, and not being transparent about their readiness score algorithms. The companies can well afford to do the research that is needed to connect these metrics with health outcomes show, once and for all, that increasing HRV or using readiness scores promotes our health. If they believed and invested in the products they are selling, we’d not be in this position of not knowing. That’s essentially where we are with HRV and readiness scores. Perhaps someday this will change and we’ll have good reason to embrace them. NB: I wrote this post. No AI. I have no conflicts of interest with any of its content. Loading... Ground Truths has 215,000 subscribers from every US state and 214 countries. 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