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OSU Center for Health Sciences raises more than $800K for wellness center, scholarships
Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences hosted its first Orange Impact event Thursday and raised more than $800,000 toward a new wellness center an
Five Plays: NC State First Quarter
Louisville lost another football game on Saturday. They also lost another game that they should have won. Penalties had been a major issue for this team, but they replaced that issue with turnovers this time around. But the biggest issue remains, and that issue is blown coverages by the secondary. For the second straight week, […]
Police urge Pennsylvania businesses to remove skill games as legal deadline approaches
Months after a justice ruled that skill games are legally slot machines, a deadline is fast approaching for the machines to be removed.
Sports Commission seeks to bring world's 3rd-largest sporting event to St. Louis: Rugby World Cup
The St. Louis Sports Commission has submitted a formal bid for the region to host matches during the 2031 Men’s Rugby World Cup, a move that could bring one of the world’s largest sporting events and its associated economic impact to the area.
Dave Portnoy on Fox ‘Big Noon’ Exit: Ryan Day Thinks I ‘Doxxed’ Him
Portnoy tells FOS that Ohio State pushed for his removal.
Amy Coney Barrett calls oil companies’ arguments ‘slippery’
Supreme Court Justice Amy Coney Barrett criticized fossil fuel companies as “a little slippery” in oral arguments over a lawsuit in which oil majors claim that federal law blocks states from suing them for climate change-related damages. Her comment came in arguments Monday in the case Suncor Energy v. County Commissioners of Boulder County, which […]
Supreme Court sounds wary of state-based climate change suits against oil producers
Oil and gas producers hope the Supreme Court will shut down scores of lawsuits over the impact of climate change.
Obama to campaign with El-Sayed in Detroit as ex-president gets more involved in midterms
Obama is upping involvement in the midterm election. He taped two dozen ads last week for Democratic candidates for governor and Senate that will be released in the coming days and weeks.
Country boys in Kentucky hear knocks in woods at night before one catches glimpse of Bigfoot with spotlight
Clayton's group heard tree knocks and stick breaking before spotting a 7-to-8-foot dark hairy figure at a Kentucky lookout on the back roads.
CD Projekt Promises 'The Witcher 3' Remaster Fixes as Some Players Struggle
An upcoming patch will target performance issues
State leaders detail plans to support HUSKY Health D recipients ahead of new rules
State leaders shared plans today to support people who get their health insurance through HUSKY Health before new rules start next year.
Google Wallet for Android adds 12th digital state ID
Following the last launch at the end of August, Google Wallet is rolling out support for Oklahoma state IDs on Android.
Top Iranian official admits dire state of the economy: Report
A top Iranian official reportedly admitted that Iran’s economy is in dire straits due to the war and the U.S. blockade of the country. Mohsen Rezaei, secretary of the Supreme National Security Council and former commander in chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, made the admission Saturday at a high-level government meeting focused on […]
Minneapolis man sentenced to 5 years in prison for string of business burglaries
Northwell Health lays off 'limited number' of workers across the organization
The health system, which employs over 100,000 statewide, did not specify where cuts were made.
Lamar Jackson sends 1-word message over ankle injury status
Lamar Jackson injury update: The Baltimore Ravens quarterback is opening up about the injury he sustained in Week 4.
Computer science student is a CEO before earning diploma
Marcel Slowikowski (’26 computer science) launched an AI startup this summer, months before he earns his computer science degree.
FSU's Mike Norvell earns major honor amid growing scrutiny
After a week of mounting pressure surrounding his future at Florida State, Mike Norvell earned CBS Sports' ACC coach of the week recognition.
RSU and USAO partner to create Accelerated Master's Program for computer science students
Rogers State University (RSU) and the University of Science & Arts of Oklahoma (USAO) have partnered together to create an Accelerated Master's Program for comp
RSU and USAO partner to create Accelerated Master's Program for computer science students
Rogers State University (RSU) and the University of Science & Arts of Oklahoma (USAO) have partnered together to create an Accelerated Master's Program for comp
Justin Bibb’s new Blue Cities/Red States coalition seeks the ‘radical center’
Cleveland Mayor Justin Bibb is launching Blue Cities/Red States, a 15-mayor coalition aimed at showing Democrats can govern effectively even when Republicans control their statehouses.
Googlebooks with Intel chipsets might have trouble with ‘complex’ Android apps
According to a statement from Google, Intel-based Googlebooks will apparently still struggle with some Android apps. When Android apps made...
N.J. film commission executive director ousted amid state’s film and TV boom
N.J. film commission director ousted as state's Hollywood boom rolls on.
Supreme Court rejects Michigan woman's appeal over school's ban on 'Let's Go Brandon' sweatshirts
The mother of two boys says their First Amendment rights were violated when they were told to take off the sweatshirts she bought them for Christmas in 2022.
ASU designs a statewide pipeline for Arizona's anesthesia workforce
Every surgery, C-section, trauma case and cancer operation in Arizona depends on a clinician administering anesthesia and keeping the patient safe while the surgeon works. The state needs more of these clinicians.As of September, the Arizona State Board of Nursing lists 1,759 certified registered nurse anesthetists, or CRNAs, in the state. In 2023, Arizona was short 732 nurse anesthetists, and the shortage is projected to reach 868 by 2033.
Utah plows ahead with more health AI pilots for prescriptions, women’s health
Utah plans to allow an AI product to evaluate patients and write new drug prescriptions without prior human review.
1,800-year-old temple to Mars and statue of Victory unearthed at Roman military fort in Germany
Archaeologists in Germany have found a temple to Mars, the god of war, next to a Roman Empire military encampment.
'Flew Here Grew Here' talks trending entertainment topics
Olivier Martinez claims Halle Berry assaulted their 12-year-old son, Maceo, alleging she choked him and yelled "Who is dominant now?"
Former White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt lands her next gig as Fox News contributor
Leavitt follows Kayleigh McEnany, the former press secretary who joined Fox in 2021.
After a legal battle, Marylanders will vote on future redist...
Marylanders will vote on Question 3 in November after the state’s highest court cleared a revised redistricting amendment for the ballot.
Health care aide charged in assault of disabled resident at Halfmoon facility
A Schenectady woman working as a health care aide has been charged after State Police said a disabled resident was assaulted at a Halfmoon care facility.
Black voters of Baton Rouge’s Scotlandville community face new political reality after Louisiana redistricting
The Baton Rouge community’s Black voting-age population has fallen from 53% to 25% under the state’s new congressional map. A
FSU data scientist receives NSF CAREER Award to develop AI model to analyze complex numerical data at scale
A Florida State University artificial intelligence and data scientist has earned one of the most prestigious early career faculty awards to develop a new
Can Health Trackers Help You Manage Menopause Symptoms?
Apple, Oura and Whoop have all recently added features for midlife women. Here’s what the tools can — and can’t — measure.
New Dell System Update flaw lets hackers gain root privileges
Dell warned customers to patch a critical vulnerability in the System Update (DSU) command-line interface (CLI) deployment tool as soon as possible.
Opportunities to advance precision kidney medicine for women: Vanderbilt Health-led scientific statement
The statement suggests improving women’s kidney care by recognizing how women’s unique biology and social factors affect kidney health.
‘A five-alarm fire’ confronts President Trump in red-state October blitz
The midterm elections were just two days away the last time a sitting president visited Grand Island, the fourth-largest city in the middle of one of the nation’s most reliably Republican states.
Florida's Jadan Baugh Has Another Tough Challenge Against South Carolina
After Missouri stifled the Heisman frontrunner, the Gators must revive their ground game against a relentless Gamecocks front to avoid a devastating mid-season collapse in Columbia.
Luke Fickell's 'vision' starting to show, Joe Thomas says
After the Wisconsin Badgers dominated Michigan State on Saturday, Hall of Famer Joe Thomas broke down the team's progress.
World Mental Health Day Preview
Marina Kerlow, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, joined Fox 5 DC.
Michael Duff set to be given the Bradford job
Bradford City are expected to name Michael Duff as the new manager according to reports.The Bantams have been looking for a new boss after Graham Alexander left the club to join Championship side Pre...
50th annual Arkansas Rice Festival slated
It was 1976 and the United States was turning 200 years old. Festivities were planned in nearly every city and town across the country and one of the celebrations was...
Offensive Line Looks Offensive: Spartans Rank Last in Sacks Allowed
From personnel shifts to coaching failures, a crumbling front wall has left the Spartans reeling as record-breaking sack numbers threaten to derail the Pat Fitzgerald era.
WATCH LIVE: Trump campaigns with Ricketts in Nebraska, where ranchers have beef with his import plan
The Legend of Zelda: Master Collection Officially Announced
A partnership between Nintendo and Panini offers a new opportunity for collectors and fans.
Governor Ivey Proclaims Alabama Girls in Sports Day -
MONTGOMERY – Governor Kay Ivey on Monday proclaimed Saturday, October 10, 2026, as Alabama Girls in Sports Day, recognizing the female athletes throughout the state and reaffirming Alabama’s commitment to ensuring women and girls have the right to participate, compete … Continued
What does Spain's snap election mean for the EU?
Spain's snap election on 29 November could cost progressive European forces their last government in a large member state, tilting EU power towards the right and pushing socialists into opposition mode.
Anti-trans ballot measures are a political test run for the 2028 presidential election
LGBTQ+ movement leaders warn that anti-trans ballot measures in five states could become a testing ground for a broader political strategy in the 2028 presidential election.
Ceiling collapse causes neighboring business to close in Northern Colorado
Lilly's Jaypirca approved as first-line CLL therapy
Eli Lilly’s Jaypirca has won FDA approval for previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma.
Top Workplaces 2026: Wemert Group named top workplace for small businesses
Orlando-based real estate brokerage Wemert Group Realty has been named one of the Orlando Sentinel’s top workplaces in Central Florida among small businesses, meaning it has 100 or fewer employees.
Sony introduces AI upscaling to base PS5; Marvel's Wolverine and Ghost of Yōtei are first games to implement new tech
PlayStation Spectral Super Resolution (PSSR) remains exclusive to the PS5 Pro, which SIE says is the "gold standard"
USA vs. Canada: How to watch, stream international friendly
Two of Concacaf's elite teams clash Tuesday evening when the United States host Canada at Allianz Field, home of Minnesota United FC.How to watch & streamUSA: TNT, truTV, HBO Max, Universo, PeacockCan...
Windows malware uses Grok AI to help stay hidden, researchers say
x47.c Windows malware uses xAI's Grok to maintain persistence on infected PCs while stealing passwords, browser cookies and API keys from victims.
First Glance: Missouri Tigers
Aggies seeking a statement win to get the season back on track
2026 Outstanding Women in Business
The 18th annual Outstanding Women in Business awards recognize a dozen well-accomplished professionals from across the region and in many industries who go above and beyond. The committee selected the winners from more than 80 nominations, all of whom were worthy. The criteria evaluated each nominee’s professional achievements, community impact, ability to break the glass ceiling and mentorship of other professionals, particularly women. In addition to profiling these women in the following pages, the Worcester Business Journal will celebrate this year’s Outstanding Women in Business at a special luncheon on Oct. 28 at the College of the Holy Cross. To join the celebration of these exceptional women, visit WBJournal.com and register. – Mark Conti, editor This Year’s Judges Worcester Business Journal considered 54 Central Massachusetts professionals for the 2026 Outstanding Women in Business awards, based on 83 nominations. These nominees were independently evaluated by two volunteer judges, who scored each on their professional achievements, community contribution and mentorship of young professionals. Samantha P. McDonald is a partner at Bowditch. She is an experienced, client-focused real estate lawyer, concentrating on business and real estate property law. She has been recognized as a WBJ Power 100 in the Class of 2026 and a “Top Women of Law” in Massachusetts Lawyers Weekly. Dr. Kavita Babu is chief medical officer and vice president of medical affairs at Heywood Healthcare, where she provides strategic and clinical leadership to advance high-quality, patient-centered care across the organization. She is also a member of the WBJ Outstanding Women in Business Class of 2025.
Dennis Hastert, Powerful Politician Disgraced by Child Sexual Abuse, Dies
The longest-serving Republican speaker of the House admitted in 2016 to abusing teenage boys decades earlier. He was 84.
HOMETOWN HEALTH: Are you protected against measles? fifth U.S. death reported
One of the largest national medical organizations in the United States has a message it wants people to hear.
Jeffries says House Democrats aiming to repeat 2018 sweep by flipping Trump districts
The Democratic Party is working to expand the map by going on offense in Republican-held districts, while President Donald Trump hits the trail in a red-state sprint to boost voter enthusiasm and shore up support from his base.
DeSean Bishop Is the X-Factor Arkansas Must Contain
Arkansas knows exactly where Tennessee’s offensive plan begins. It begins with DeSean Bishop. The Volunteers running back enters Fayetteville after one of the best performances in the country this season. Bishop rushed 34 times for 220 yards and three touchdowns in Tennessee’s 24-14 win over Auburn, turning a game with quarterback uncertainty into a statement …
Why the creative brain feeds on movement
Movement and creativity go hand in hand. Scientists are working to discover why
Bolsonaro and Lula head to a runoff in Brazil's presidential election
Sen. Flávio Bolsonaro, an ally of President Donald Trump, and Brazil’s incumbent President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva will face off in a runoff Oct. 25 for the top job of Latin America’s powerhouse economy after neither won a majority in Sunday's vote.
Google Admits Some 'Complex' Android Apps Run Poorly On Intel Googlebooks
Android app compatibility on Googlebooks may not be as smooth as previously stated.
You should care about politics
Ever since America’s founding, the United States has been extremely politically charged. From the civil war in the 1860s, to the civil rights movements of the 1950s, America has always had politics at the root of economic, social and institutional change. So then why do Americans care so little about it? In 2024, about 63.9...
Could we one day vaccinate against every cancer?
What science says so far about which cancers can be beat by vaccines — and which will require more creative approaches.
Buck Motorsports Park & Entertainment Complex
The Buck Motorsports Park is a motorsports entertainment facility located in Quarryville (Buck), Pennsylvania.
Northwestern Projected to Make College Football Playoff in Early Prediction
Northwestern is projected as the No. 10 seed in an early College Football Playoff bracket after the Wildcats’ dominant 34-13 win over Penn State.
Scientists uncover recurrent patterns within chaotic quantum behavior
Many complex quantum systems rapidly lose the recognizable patterns of their initial states as their components interact. To describe patterns of regular and chaotic motion in specific systems, physicists ...
Delta Health Center Receives Funding
Delta Health Center, Inc. has received four awards totaling $4,660,331.59 through the Mississippi Rural Health Transformation Program, a state initiative funded by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Governor Tate Reeves announced the four RHTP awards on September 14, as part of 167 awards totaling more than $104 million statewide. The awards announced will […]
Delta Health Center Receives Funding
Delta Health Center, Inc. has received four awards totaling $4,660,331.59 through the Mississippi Rural Health Transformation Program, a state initiative funded by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Governor Tate Reeves announced the four RHTP awards on September 14, as part of 167 awards totaling more than $104 million statewide. The awards announced will […]
Collaborating with Canadian Scientists on Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal Research
I first met Dr. Helen Gurney-Smith in fall 2024, when Dr. Shannon Meseck and I drove just beyond the U.S.-Canada border to the St. Andrews Biological Station in New Brunswick. We went there to study larval sea scallop respiration when exposed to near-future temperature and pH. This past winter, Dr.
Business Ingenuity Gives Birth to Edgy, an AI Agent Educated in the Theory Behind Natural Synergy™ to Show Leaders Where Their Organizations Are Headed
SAN FRANCISCO, October 05, 2026--Business Ingenuity, Inc. today announced the availability of Edgy, an AI agent educated using Natural Synergy: From Natural Mystery to Mastery, co-authored by co-founder Charles Follett and Ray Scott and available on Amazon. Edgy analyzes an organization through its public footprint and its own people, then tells executives which Operating State the organization occupies, which direction it is being driven, and what adjustments would improve its performance.
Poole College Broadens Access to Graduate Business Leadership Certificate
Graduate students from any discipline, as well as prospective learners from outside NC State, may now pursue the certificate.
Fiserv Small Business Index Shows Small Business Sales Rise in September as Back-to-School Lifts Retail
Index rises to 146 as sales increase +2.2% year over year and +0.7% month over month MILWAUKEE, Oct. 05, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Fiserv, Inc. (NASDAQ: FISV), a leading global provider of payments and financial services technology, today published the Fiserv Small Business Index for September 2026,
KUNC's 2026 midterm election voter guide for Northern Colorado
Everything Northern Colorado voters need to know about the state’s midterm election, including major races, ballot measures, voting deadlines, how to return your ballot, and where to find trusted election resources.
The Economics of Delta Healthcare
How well is the system? Experts weigh in on status While agriculture rightfully gains most of the headlines when it comes to the Delta’s economy, the role of healthcare in the region cannot be underestimated. Many challenges face healthcare providers in the region and the state recently stepped in to assist. Nonetheless, healthcare leaders in […]
Bill's Prescription Center remains family business in Brandon
Bill's Prescription Center continues operating as a multi-generational family pharmacy in Brandon, maintaining its commitment to personalized care despite rapid regional growth.
Wisconsin health officials warn of lead risk in antique dishes at rummage sales
State health department urges shoppers to be careful of items that could contain lead.
Spooky season watchlist
In October 2024, I drove into Gambrill State Park after dusk and joined others carrying blankets and lawn chairs — flashlight streams lighting the road and parking lot — as
Reclaiming 'Health Sovereignty': EU Gastein Forum Confronts A Fragmenting Global Order
Health, long treated as a sanctuary of diplomatic consensus, has entered an era of high politics and ideological division. Leading the closing panel of the EU Health Forum Gastein (EHFG) on Friday (2 October), session chair Ilona Kickbusch, founder of the Global Health Centre at the Graduate Institute in Geneva, highlighted how recent votes at the UN General Assembly demonstrate that nation-states increasingly split and vote instead of searching for consensus.
PFF ranks Michigan State's top five offensive players vs. Wisconsin
Check out who PFF ranked as Michigan State's top five offensive players against Wisconsin.
Business confidence held in negative territory in September
Business confidence ticked upwards among Massachusetts employers in September but sentiment remained in negative territory and torn between the impacts of growth and rising costs.
THIS WEEK: “Sick of It! Fix Health Care Now” Bus Tour Kicks Off With Stops in Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey
Rep. Maggie Goodlander (D-NH-02), PA Lt. Gov. Austin Davis Will Headline “Sick of It! Fix Health Care Now” Events in Five States Watch All Bus Tour Stops Live Here. Washington,...
Should you be ‘poop maxxing,’ or ‘fiber maxxing’? Experts explain what’s healthy
Your feces can tell you a lot about your health
Walworth County dairy farmer specializing in raw milk says state is unfairly fining his business
Chaz Self said his dairy farm is producing grade A milk under Wisconsin's state standards, but was still ordered to pay a hefty fine. An online fundraiser has been created to cover those fines.
Florida commissioner’s social media on science standards aims for attention
A roundup of Florida education news from around the state
The Optimist: A statement win and a much needed rest
The Panthers head into a much needed bye week with head held high
‘Clearly not working’: Sam Altman hits AI industry over political spending
In a wide-ranging interview, the OpenAI CEO criticized the flood of AI dollars swamping the midterm elections and suggested a new liability framework is needed for autonomous hacks.
Jobs in health care. Jobs for women. The US labour market is segmenting. Chernobyl’s radiation and Lenin’s love of literature.
Thank you for opening your Chartbook email. Elmer Bischoff, Two Figures at the Seashore, 1957 The only really dynamic job-creator in the US economy is health care: The largest crunch has come in Federal government, which has shed 2.7 m jobs. Source: tchouvkov on Twitter Tech is struggling. [ Joey Politano 🏳️🌈@JosephPolitano The US tech sector continues bleeding jobs in official data released today—overall, employment decreased by 17k last month and is down 69k over the last year That's nearly as bad as the worst of the 2024 tech-cession, and much worse than the 2022 boom or even pre-2020 norms 12:42 PM · Oct 2, 2026 · 15.2K Views 15 Replies · 47 Reposts · 390 Likes ](https://x.com/JosephPolitano/status/2106001807847940232?s=20) The new jobs are all for women. [ Justin Wolfers@JustinWolfers I'm not sure who saw this coming, but so far nearly all the jobs created during the second Trump administration have gone to women. 1:09 PM · Oct 2, 2026 · 33K Views 70 Replies · 146 Reposts · 644 Likes ](https://x.com/JustinWolfers/status/2106008723533533601?s=20) Meanwhile, real wages are being eaten up by modest over-target inflation. [ Heather Long@byHeatherLong The financial pain is real: Wage growth fell to 3% (y/y) in September. That's the lowest in 5 years. Wage growth: 3% Inflation: ~3.4% Inflation has eaten up all wage gains for the average worker since April. Many people are having to make hard choices about what to buy and what … 1:24 PM · Oct 2, 2026 · 37K Views 24 Replies · 275 Reposts · 533 Likes ](https://x.com/byHeatherLong/status/2106012367712620728?s=20) HEY READERS, THANK YOU for opening the Chartbook email. I hope it brightens your day. I enjoy putting out the newsletter, but tbh, what keeps this flow going is the generosity of those readers who clicked the subscription button. If you are persuaded to click, please consider the annual subscription of $60. It is both better value for you and a much better deal for me, as it involves only one credit card charge. Why feed the payments companies if we don’t have to. Subscribe Elmer Bischoff, Bathers, 1960 Americans are disillusioned with higher ed. For contributing subscribers only. Subscribe Where the Chernobyl radiation went. h/t Simon Kuestenmacher aka simongerman600 How Lenin’s love of literature shaped the Russian Revolution - Tariq Ali This, then, was the intellectual atmosphere in which Lenin came of age. His father, a highly cultured conservative, was the chief inspector of schools in his region and much respected as an educationalist. At home, Shakespeare, Goethe and Pushkin, among others, were read aloud on Sunday afternoons. It was impossible for the Ulyanov family – “Lenin” was a pseudonym adopted to outwit the tsarist secret police – to escape high culture. At high school, Lenin fell in love with Latin. His headteacher had high hopes that he might become a philologist and Latin scholar. History willed otherwise, but Lenin’s passion for Latin, and taste for the classics, never left him. He read Virgil, Ovid, Horace and Juvenal in the original, as well as Roman senatorial orations. He devoured Goethe during his two decades in exile, reading and rereading Faust many times. Lenin put his knowledge of the classics to good use in the time leading up to the October revolution of 1917. In April of that year, he broke with Russian social-democratic orthodoxy and, in a set of radical theses, called for a socialist revolution in Russia. A number of his own close comrades denounced him. In a sharp riposte, Lenin quoted Mephistopheles from Goethe’s masterwork: “Theory, my friend, is grey, but green is the eternal tree of life.” Source: The Guardian Elmer Bischoff, The River, 1953 If you’ve scrolled this far, you know you want to click: Subscribe
Yale School of Medicine On the Science of Childhood Anxiety, Say, Anxiety Disorders Are the Most Common Mental Health Challenges In Youth
Credit: Matt Bradbury October 5, 2026 - By Isabella Backman - Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health challenges in youth. Left untreated, they can disrupt the lives of both children and their families. The good news is that with intervention, most children will overcome these conditions. Across Yale School of Medicine, scientists are working to understand anxiety at every level, from common anxious behaviors to molecular biomarkers in the brain. They are using their findings to develop and disseminate new evidence-based treatments for childhood anxiety. Today, the go-to treatment for childhood anxiety disorders is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This is a form of psychotherapy that teaches children skills for confronting anxious thoughts and helps them practice managing situations that cause anxiety. While it is the gold-standard treatment backed by considerable scientific evidence, up to 50% of children will not see sufficient benefit from CBT alone. Wendy Silverman, PhD, Alfred A. Messer Professor in the Child Study Center, co-directs the Anxiety and Mood Disorders Program alongside Eli Lebowitz, PhD, associate professor in the Child Study Center. One of their main interests is learning how to improve outcomes beyond CBT. “We’re developing cutting-edge, research-based knowledge that can reduce the suffering that anxiety causes children and their families,” says Silverman. Changing parent behavior YSM experts are investigating how to improve CBT outcomes for children by involving the parents. Silverman’s research has uncovered two main components of parent intervention that improve childhood anxiety: not enabling children to completely avoid the things that make them anxious and taking steps to enhance their autonomy. Parents may unintentionally reinforce their child’s anxiety by allowing them to avoid what makes them anxious. They also may unintentionally limit the children’s sense of autonomy by being overly intrusive. “One of the things that we take pride in is that we’ve focused on trying to understand what parents need to do, and to test our ideas and see if changing the parents’ behaviors is enhancing the effects of CBT,” Silverman says. “Our findings thus far suggest that they do." As much as CBT can be helpful, it can also be challenging to get one’s child to do the necessary steps for CBT to work. This is one important reason why Lebowitz created a novel intervention program for parents named Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions (SPACE). Existing intervention programs often teach parents to act as therapists for their child, such as training them on how to practice breathing exercises. “It makes sense, but this doesn’t work very well in practice,” says Lebowitz. “And part of the reason, I think, is that it’s not easy to get your kid to do things, especially if they’re not excited about doing it.” SPACE is unique because it focuses entirely on parent involvement and changing parental behavior—children are not involved in the sessions. For example, parents learn how to use supportive messages that convey confidence that their child can tolerate and manage distress. “It might sound like a parent saying to a child, ‘I get that this is really hard for you, but I know that you can handle it,’” Lebowitz says. The program also works with parents to identify the ways in which they are accommodating anxious behaviors. “We’ll pick one thing that parents are doing that is an accommodation and help them make a detailed plan for how they’re going to change that,” Lebowitz explains. Treating Anxiety in Children and Adolescents Much of the existing research on SPACE has focused on parents of children under age 14. Ongoing studies are now exploring its use with parents of older teens. “Both anxiety and accommodation can interfere with normative developmental shifts during the teen years, including increased autonomy and individuation from parents,” says Rebecca Etkin, PhD, associate research scientist in the Child Study Center. “In this sense, SPACE may be particularly well-suited for anxious teens and their parents. We want to see whether it is effective during this distinct developmental window.” Unfortunately, many families in need of CBT face barriers, including limited availability of services and geographic constraints. One way to improve access is digital interventions. Silverman and her team are developing an evidence-based digitized intervention program for parents that they can access directly from their computer or smart phone. “The work we’re doing will be one of the very few parent interventions that is digitized and importantly tested for effectiveness,” she says. Creating interventions for anxiety-related challenges Silverman and Lebowitz recently received a generous gift to develop and test other interventions that help parents reduce other child anxiety-related behavioral and emotional difficulties, such as restrictive eating and unexplained somatic symptoms. One of these projects in particular focuses on understanding the risks of social media and its potential benefits, including offering a sense of connection. “A lot of research has focused on the idea that social media is harmful and the less of it the better,” says Lebowitz. “But we actually see is that this is not quite right—there are negatives, but there are also positives. So, we’re trying to get a little bit more nuanced of a picture.” The team is working with teens with social anxiety and their parents over an extended period to better understand their social media habits and how their anxiety levels affect engagement with different platforms. The teens will answer questions sent to an app on their phones about mood and social media usage in an effort to capture emotional responses as they unfold. “We hope to develop interventions that can help make the best of social media while protecting against the more problematic effects,” Lebowitz says. The brain’s role in anxiety Researchers are also testing therapies to address anxiety at the neurological and molecular levels. In collaboration with Dylan Gee, PhD, professor of psychology in Yale's Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and Hilary Blumberg, MD, John and Hope Furth Professor of Psychiatric Neuroscience at Yale School of Medicine, Lebowitz and Silverman are using brain imaging to identify changes in a child’s brain before and after parents enroll in SPACE. In one study, children viewed anxiety-inducing images while undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); the researchers conducted scans with and without the children’s parents nearby. Before SPACE, children’s brains were better able to activate the regulatory circuitry needed to turn off an anxious response when their parents were nearby. But after SPACE, children could activate this circuitry even without the parent around. “As parents work on gradually reducing some of their accommodations, you can see a child get better at regulating their own fear system in the brain,” Lebowitz says. “It’s remarkable.” Research into the molecular underpinnings of anxiety can also inform new childhood anxiety treatments. In a recent study, Lebowitz, Silverman, and Flora Vaccarino, MD, Harris Professor in the Child Study Center, discovered that a protein known as fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) could be protective from the toxic effects of stress. FGF2 levels in children and their parents were linked to the children’s risk of developing anxiety and depression, the study showed. The findings could help explain why some children who are exposed to early life trauma such as poverty or abuse are more prone to developing mental health disorders. And FGF2 could be a target for treatment. “This is very novel because it starts to give a clue to what is the molecular chain that connects those lived experiences to the actual psychological outcomes,” Lebowitz says. New ways to study and treat childhood anxiety Michael Crowley, PhD, associate professor in the Child Study Center, collaborates with Silverman and Lebowitz to study the role that attention plays in development and maintenance of childhood anxiety. There is a large body of research that shows that anxious children, like anxious adults, are prone to focus on threatening stimuli such as angry faces compared with neutral faces. This has led to innovative interventions that involve attention retraining. The idea is that if experts train children to look away from threatening stimuli, it may reduce their anxiety—especially children with social anxiety who are most prone to attend to threats. The researchers have just completed a clinical trial for attention retraining with 10- to 14-year-olds with social anxiety disorders and are currently analyzing the findings. Besides this innovative attention retraining research, as Crowly notes, “I like to design tasks that are engaging to kids,” Crowley says. “My goal is to assess something without the kids knowing what we are assessing.” With this goal in mind, Crowley has created a virtual game, named Boom, to study threat processing in children with anxiety disorders. The game is similar to that of hot potato—the child and three digital players take turns virtually passing a ball to each other’s gloves. At some point, the ball turns into a bomb, and as the bomb lands in each player’s glove, the outline of the glove turns yellow. The goal is to avoid having the bomb go off in your glove. What isn’t obvious is that the game is designed to measure different types of threatening stimuli, both ambiguous and direct. In the game, the direct threat occurs as the bomb is traveling towards your glove. The ambiguous threat is the yellow outlined glove as it is unknown where the bomb will travel next. While children play the game, Crowley’s team measures their brain activity using electroencephalography (EEG). The researchers have discovered that in kids with anxiety, the brain reacts more strongly to ambiguous threats than it does in their peers, but less strongly to direct threats. They believe that the initial abnormally large brain response to not knowing where the bomb is going impairs the brain's ability to properly respond when the threat is actually traveling the child’s way. “The brains of children with anxiety are unable to differentiate between threats you need to do something about and those that are not your problem.” Michael Crowley, PhD, develops innovative games for studying anxiety in children and adolescents.Credit: Matt Bradbury Based on these insights, Crowley hopes to study whether interventions like attention training could restore appropriate threat processing. Crowley’s team is also working on a test called the Balloon Risk Avoidance Task, which evaluates risk-taking and avoidance behaviors. It features a digital balloon that is full of air and about to burst. Kids have six seconds to let air out of the balloon. The more air they let out, the less risk they face that the balloon will pop. But at the same time, the balloon becomes less valuable as it deflates. “The more air you keep in the balloon, the more points you get,” Crowley explains. So far, the researchers have found that when the balloons pop unexpectedly, teens with social anxiety show distinct brain responses. Studying these responses can help psychologists understand the underlying pathways driving the various manifestations of anxiety. The genetics of anxiety When Thomas Fernandez, MD, associate professor in the Child Study Center and of psychiatry, was still in training, there was a lot of excitement about understanding the genetics associated with autism spectrum disorder. Since then, scientists have identified around 250 genes associated with autism. The genetic contribution to anxiety disorders, on the other hand, has historically received less attention. Anxiety is less heritable than autism, but the genetic contribution for anxiety disorders that emerge in childhood may be higher than for anxiety disorders overall. While scientists estimate the heritability of anxiety disorders in general to be around 30% to 50%, some studies suggest higher heritability for certain childhood-onset anxiety presentations. “I saw firsthand how researchers in the field went about finding vulnerability genes for autism,” Fernandez says. “So, we’re using a very similar playbook for childhood anxiety.” “I saw firsthand how researchers in the field went about finding vulnerability genes for autism. So, we’re using a very similar playbook for childhood anxiety.” Thomas Fernandez, MD Associate Professor In the Child Study Center and in Psychiatry Now, Fernandez and Emily Olfson, MD, PhD, assistant professor in the Child Study Center, are studying children and their parents to identify genetic changes that are present in the child but not the parents, known as “de novo mutations.” “All of us have some de novo mutations—maybe about 50 to 100 sprinkled throughout the genome,” Olfson says. “But when they occur within the coding regions of genes, they can be really disruptive.” Previous research shows that people with autism have higher rates of damaging de novo mutations than the general population. In 2022, Olfson, Lebowitz, Silverman, and Fernandez published a study on 68 children and their families that found that children with anxiety had similarly high levels of these mutations. Studying de novo mutations can help point the researchers to where they should be looking for genes associated with anxiety. “The end game is using the genes to steer us toward the right part of biology that we can then target to come up with better treatments,” Fernandez says. Building on those findings, the team is now studying more families to better understand how these de novo mutations, along with other genetic and environmental factors, shape pediatric anxiety disorders. They recently received a National Institutes of Health grant to enroll 750 new families over the next five years. Olfson is the principal investigator, with co-investigators Lebowitz, Fernandez, Silverman, and Shuangge Steven Ma, PhD, department chair and professor of biostatistics at Yale School of Public Health. Neurodevelopment, Risk Genes, and Mental Health Conditions - The Olfson Lab Joel Gelernter, MD, Foundations Fund Professor of Psychiatry, is interested in how different anxiety disorders differ genomically. “We are studying social phobia, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder, working to understand why people differ in their risk to these specific anxiety disorders and evaluating various risk factors,” he says. Gelernter was recently involved in one of the largest studies to date of the genomics underlying anxiety disorder. The study included around 122,000 people with anxiety disorders and around 730,000 without. It found that some genetic differences associated with anxiety were linked to signaling that helps reduce overactivity in the nervous system. Many anxiety medications available today work by targeting this process. “It’s nice when the biology that you get out of a large genome-wide study ratifies things that we already know because that can help increase confidence in further findings from the study,” Gelernter says. Uncovering the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders John Krystal, MD, Robert L. McNeil, Jr. Professor of Translational Research and chair of the Department of Psychiatry, is interested in the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), of which anxiety is a major symptom. In the late 1980s, Krystal’s team discovered that the drug yohimbine activated symptoms in patients with PTSD. “This was the first time we could link a specific biological mechanism to the symptoms of PTSD,” Krystal says. At the time, he adds, this finding was highly controversial. “A lot of people felt that PTSD was a purely psychological syndrome that didn’t have an underlying biology.” Since then, Krystal has dived deep into understanding the neurobiology of PTSD to learn how to better treat it. His team is evaluating the use of ketamine and psychedelics. These would be among the first treatments to be developed specifically for PTSD. They may also be applicable for other disorders including anxiety disorders, Krystal adds. An important gap in PTSD treatment is the absence of biological tests that inform how to best help patients manage their PTSD symptoms. A doctor doesn’t diagnose cancer based on how they feel. Rather, they use tests of the biology of the cancer to determine the best course of treatment. “And we can’t do that in any psychiatric disorder other than Alzheimer’s disease,” Krystal says. “But now we are building a foundation for this approach to the treatment of anxiety disorders for the first time.” Source: Yale School of Medicine
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