SCROLL NEWS / DISCOVERY
Search headlines
Find the stories shaping the conversation.
Results for " REA " 58,879 found 🔀 AI-powered Shuffle
Are Trump Officials Living in an Alternate Reality?
Sean Duffy and Markwayne Mullin’s deflection on the air traffic control debacle is a worrisome sign of the final two years of Trump’s presidency.
Georgia/Missouri Live Thread
It’s about time to put toe to leather in Athens. We now officially know that Drew Bobo will be out this afternoon, and it looks like Cortez Smith is warming up with the first string. That’s worth watching, but Smith is a veteran who’s played plenty of snaps. I think he’s up to the job. […]
Sabres looking to break a three game losing streak
| WGR Sports Radio Buffalo
FAA Ground Stop Threatens Top College Football Prospects For Packers
FAA shutdown grounds Texas and Utah, risking key draft prospects for the Packers. Yahoo Sports details the travel chaos hitting Week 11 games.
Game Thread: Michigan Football at No. 16 Oregon
Michigan Football is looking to snap a two-game losing streak, while the Oregon Ducks hope to keep their CFP hopes alive. Follow along in today’s Game Thread!
US Stands To Lose Measles Elimination Status As Multiple States Face The Worst Outbreaks In Nearly Three Decades
Plummeting vaccination rates have fueled a historic and prolonged wave of measles in the US - with the Pan American Health Organization expected to revoke the
She Started a Business When the Market Was Struggling. The Hardest Part Surprised Her
Building a successful business takes more than confidence. It requires patience, resilience, and the ability to keep moving forward.
IU Health hosts breast tissue collection event for cancer research
The Vera Bradley Foundation and Indiana University’s Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank held a breast tissue collection event at IU Health Fort Wayne Outpatient Surgery Center on Saturday.
'Breaking the silence on mental health and suicide' wins top honor at RTDNAC awards
“Breaking the Silence on Mental Health and Suicide” wins top RTDNAC News Special honors. Anchor and mother Tessa Spencer shares her personal loss-turned-mission to confront stigma with a team-led documentary.
Ohio State's Jeremiah Smith breaks Big Ten's all-time receiving record against Northwestern
Smith accomplished the feat on a 22-yard catch and run in the first quarter on Saturday.
Hear Dolly Parton’s final recording, a heartbreaking duet with Bono
(CNN) — The legendary voice of Dolly Parton is back for one last rodeo, months after her death.
Where to Watch the 2026 Nickelodeon Kids’ Choice Awards for Free Online
The annual awards show will take place in Los Angeles on Saturday, Nov. 14, from 5:00 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. PT, with several streaming platforms offering free trials for viewers at home.
The Invisible Threat: VSU Science Café Discusses Infectious Diseases in a Changing World
The College of Science and Mathematics at Valdosta State University invites campus and community science enthusiasts to attend Science Café from 5:30 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. Thursday, Nov. 12, at Augie’s Café. This event is free and open to the public. Dr. Eric Chambers, associate professor in the Department of Biology, will present “Infectious Disease:…
Danielle Fishel was ‘purging and overexercising’ after “Boy Meets World ”creator allegedly told her she gained weight
Fishel shares her experience in new tell-all “Book Meets World,” noting that the show’s costume designer defended and supported her.
A Strange Liquid Is Helping Scientists Overcome a Major Barrier in Nanotechnology
By filling the tiny pores of fragile materials with an unusual liquid, scientists have found a way to create intricate patterns without destroying their structures. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) contain networks of tiny pores that can trap gases, capture pollutants, and support chemical reactions. These properties make them attractive for advanced sensors and electronic devices, but
CDC Travel Health Notices: Key Outbreak Alerts for Clinicians
Review active CDC Travel Health Notices for Ebola, yellow fever, polio, and dengue to guide U.S. patient consultations. Read more.
Blade Runner Is Officially Getting The AAA Game Treatment
Alcon Entertainment confirmed it has had discussions about creating a AAA game based on Blade Runner
Television Q&A: Does anyone have prescription for old episod...
“Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman” is streaming on Pluto TV and The Roku Channel, while a reader asks why the Oscar-nominated “The Turning Point” remains unavailable o...
‘Mind your business!': Black Texas contractor gives unexpected reality check to neighbors trying to police his work on residential job
Black contractor deals with nosy neighbors in Texas. BY: @thekoreinstitute | INSTAGRAM A black contractor in Texas gave an unexpected reality check to snooty neighbors trying to police his work on a r...
No. 25 Nebraska tests defense against high-scoring Boise State
The Cornhuskers put a school-record 27-game nonconference winning streak on the line in Sioux Falls against a Broncos offense averaging 114.3 points and led by Aginaldo Neto.
Kentucky’s Mark Pope Buyout Details Surface in Contract
Mark Pope and his Kentucky Wildcats were supposed to have a clear bounceback opportunity on their hands Friday night. They had just lost by 20 points in the Champions Classic to Kansas, but that was one game. UK already had wins over Manhattan and James Madison to start the season, and with winless Northern Arizona […] The post Kentucky’s Mark Pope Buyout Details Surface in Contract appeared first on HEAVY.
Manchester City face another year of uncertainty! Premier League charges could result in sanctions in 2027 after appeal hearing
The legal battle between Manchester City and the Premier League is set to extend well into the future, leaving the club's long-term status in the balance. Despite a guilty verdict being reached earlier this year, the timeline for any potential punishment remains clouded by a complex appeals process.
GTA 5 Took On Zuckerberg in One of Its Best, Most Satirical Missions, but the Real Target Was Michael and Interactivity
This is how Rockstar brought together bad fashion, a miserable gangster, an exploding phone, and fake Zuckerberg getting his just deserts to create GTA 5's memorable takedown of Silicon Valley.
This iconic 1929 theater is instantly N.J.’s most breathtaking concert hall after major facelift
The historic Jersey City movie palace has been masterfully preserved and is ready to again become a destination
FAA Problems Strand Top College Teams Nationwide
A historic FAA ground stop forced the Cornell basketball game to a halt. See how top college football teams like Tennessee and Texas are reacting to the travel chaos.
2026 Future Science Prize Week Highlight: Three Laureates Honoured in Hong Kong at Ceremony Blending Science and Art
Hongkong,China, Nov. 14, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The 2026 Future Science Prize Week (“Prize Week”), co-organised by the Future Science Awards F...
The Understory and Hudson Hall present The H.E.R.E. Journal Salon with Robin Wall Kimmerer
Robin Wall Kimmerer will speak at Hudson Hall on Indigenous knowledge and plants, followed by a conversation and Q&A sold-out event streams free.
The world's 9 weirdest real-life cyborg insects
Forget humanoid robots, insects could offer a cheaper, smaller and surprisingly capable way to build machines that can go where robots can’t
Why Creators Are Treating Brand Collaborations as Business Auditions
Creator Alexis Wilkerson uses brand partnerships to build audience trust, test new products, and begin launching her own brand.
Millions Drink Coffee Every Day. Scientists Are Finally Learning What It Does To The Gut
The study linked regular coffee consumption to increased gut contractions, among several notable changes in gut physiology.
NFL reassigns 3 officials following nationwide FAA ground stop
The ground stop order was lifted Friday night, but not before it affected games in the NFL and college football this weekend.
Brian Kelly becomes hot candidate after Maryland interview
The Maryland football team is in search of a new head coach after firing Mike Locksley last month. The Terps are already conducting interviews, and one candidate has emerged as a “top name to know.” Per On3’s Peter Nakos, that name is Brian Kelly. The former LSU and Notre Dame head coach interviewed for the job recently , and from the sound of […] The post Brian Kelly becomes hot candidate after Maryland interview appeared first on ClutchPoints.
The Real Reason Your Cat Meows So Much, According to Science
A new study found that cats meow far more often when humans are around, suggesting they're trying to tell us something.
GAME THREAD: Miami Hurricanes vs Duke Blue Devils
Miami looks to bounce back against Duke on Homecoming
‘Entertainment Tonight’ showcases Kauaʻi’ as county welcomes back tourists after hurricane recovery
All week, hosts Kevin Frazier and Nischelle Turner ventured around the Garden Island to experience Kauaʻi’s breathtaking landscapes, local flavors, small-town charm and island hospitality.
Driver Stops in Front of Moving Car, Then Gets Mad When Motorist Goes Around: "Road Rage Or Insurance Scam?"
A driver traveling on a rain-soaked road had to stop suddenly when another motorist moved into their lane and slammed on the brakes. The close call was only the start of an encounter that soon ... Rea...
Where to Watch ‘A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving’
Here’s where to watch and stream ‘A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving’ this holiday season.
My trip to an island in Malta helped me rule out living there: Gozo
A few realizations and concerns from my recent trip to the Maltese island of Gozo helped me rule out the idea of wanting to move and retire there.
My parents had 5 kids. They created a system for everything
I grew up as one of five kids in a highly organized household. My parents used schedules and routines to keep everything running smoothly.
Deb Haaland breaks political barriers as Native women in her home community face hurdles
Deb Haaland is set to become the first Native American woman governor of a U.S. state
Deb Haaland breaks political barriers as Native women in her home community face hurdles
PARAJE, N.M. (AP) — On the morning of a Laguna Pueblo village's annual Feast Day, Ashley Sarracino knelt in her family home holding clothespins between her teeth. She straightened her niece’s black cotton manta, a traditional one-shouldered dress, and tied a sash around her waist.
Deb Haaland breaks political barriers as Native women in her home community face hurdles
Deb Haaland is set to become the first Native American woman governor of a U.S. state.
Deb Haaland breaks political barriers as Pueblo women confront hurdles at home
Deb Haaland is set to become the first Native American woman governor of a U.S. state. But some women in Haaland's home community of Laguna Pueblo say they are swimming upstream in tribal politics.
Deb Haaland breaks political barriers as Native women in her home community face hurdles
PARAJE, N.M. (AP) — On the morning of a Laguna Pueblo village’s annual Feast Day, Ashley Sarracino knelt in her family home holding clothespins between her teeth. She straightened her niece’s black cotton manta, a traditional one-shouldered dress, and tied a sash around her waist. On these days, Sarracino is a caretaker, dressing relatives for […]
Deb Haaland breaks political barriers as Native women in her home community face hurdles
Deb Haaland is set to become the first Native American woman governor of a U.S. state.
Who is in 'Sunrise on the Reaping'? Here's your refresher ahead of the movie
What a year to be a Hunger Games fan.
How Rockstar's 'GTA IV' release could reshape gaming, streaming and even paid time off
"Grand Theft Auto VI" launches Nov. 19 with huge expectations. Its impact could reach creators, streaming, music, workplace time off, food delivery and tourism.
NFL Week 10 expert picks, predictions: Moneyline, against the spread
A look at our expert picks and predictions for Week 10 of the 2026 NFL season.
Oklahoma fought SEC’s Ole Miss game change. Then it was threatened with a forfeit
Retailers are turning to entertainment to win shoppers’ attention
Retailers are increasingly investing in and building out entertainment studios as the race for audience attention speeds up.
Laughing at Microsoft's Outage? Your Business Might Want to Think Again
As businesses become increasingly dependent on the Internet, leaders must prepare for inevitable outages with backup plans.
Letters to the Editor: Trump is settling political scores instead of addressing actual issues
'Americans want affordable healthcare, quality education, financial security and the opportunity to build better lives for themselves and their families. These are the issues that deserve our leaders' attention — what they are elected to address,' writes an L.A. Times reader.
Communist Party Politics, Rockets and Komsomol Business in Soviet Dnipropetrovsk
This is an excerpt from Ukraine’s Outpost: Dnipropetrovsk and the Russian-Ukrainian War (2022). Free to download from E-International Relations. The Ukrainian city of Dnipropetrovsk (in 2016 the city was renamed Dnipro) was shown on a movie screen in the Soviet Union for the first time in 1981 as a ‘Russian-speaking’ city in Nikita Mikhalkov’s feature film Rodnia. A story of a Russian peasant woman who visited her daughter in the big industrial city was used by Mikhalkov in his movie to emphasise a growing crisis in Soviet family life during the Brezhnev era when former Russian peasants lost their Orthodox Christian identity during the process of socialist industrialisation and modernisation. Paradoxically, Mikhalkov completely ignored the real social and national problems of the city; instead choosing as the setting for his movie Russian peasants’ adjustment to Soviet modernisation. Even now many Russians use this film as evidence of the ‘Russian character’ of Dnipropetrovsk ignoring the real demographic and social history of this Ukrainian region (Elberg-Wilson 2016).[1] Despite Mikhalkov’s picture, the city of Dnipro and the Dnipropetrovsk region had a multi-national and multi-cultural character coupled with the strong influence of Ukrainian and Jewish culture. Get E-International Relations delivered to your inbox, free. As you sign up, consider becoming a paid subscriber, or make a donation, to support our work. Subscribe Using various archival and published documents, this chapter will cover the social, economic and cultural development of the city and the region of Dnipropetrovsk through the period of late socialism after Stalin, showing the ties between the multi-national Komsomol members and business ventures during perestroika and how this influenced the rise of oligarchic clans in post-Soviet Ukraine. Emergence of Soviet Dnipropetrovsk Paradoxically, from the early beginning, the founding of the ‘city of Catherine’s glory’ (Ekaterinoslav in Russian) and its province in 1776 by the Russian imperial administration of the Catherine the Second involved non-Russian ethnic groups, which shaped a historical demography of this region in Southern Ukraine. These ethnic groups included the local Ukrainian Orthodox Christian peasants and Cossacks, Jewish traders and artisans, Armenian Christians, and Tatar Muslim settlers. By the middle of the nineteenth century, thousands of German Protestant and Mennonite colonists also settled in the province. Moreover, by attracting foreign capital, the Russian imperial administration transformed this multi-ethnic and multi-religious region in the booming industrial centre of the Russian Empire by the beginning of twentieth century (Zhuk 2004, 33–96). After the Russian Revolution and civil war, the province of Ekaterinoslav continued to play an important role in the industrial development of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1926 the Soviet administration decided to change the name of Ekaterinoslav which sounded too ‘old fashioned’ and ‘imperial Russian.’ The new name was a combination of the name of the Dnipro River with the last name of Grigorii Petrovskii, head of the All-Ukrainian Executive Committee of the Soviets, and well-known organiser of the working-class movement in the region of Ekaterinoslav before the Revolution. ‘Dnipro-Petrovske’ was later transformed into ‘Dnipropetrovsk’ (Bolebrukh 2001, 156). Both the city and region of Dnipropetrovsk lived through the New Economic Policy (N.E.P.), industrialisation and the Stakhanovite movement. The region lost millions of human lives during collectivisation and the dekulakisation campaign, and especially during the Holodomor of 1932–33. During industrialisation, the Soviet government restored the industrial base of the region. Former metallurgical giants such as the Petrovskii (formerly Brianskii)plant, the Chodoir (formerly Vladimir Lenin) plant and others resumed production of pig iron and steel. During the 1930s, Dnipropetrovsk became an important centre for Soviet heavy industry. In 1932, Dnipropetrovsk regional metallurgical plants produced 20 per cent of the entire cast iron and 25 per cent of the steel manufactured in the Soviet Ukrainian Republic. After the beginning of the campaign of ‘Ukrainianisation’ in 1923, the number of those who spoke Ukrainian grew, reaching 38.5 per cent in the city by the end of the 1920s. Between 1932 and 1939, the number of city dwellers in Dnipropetrovsk increased to over 500,662. The Dnipropetrovsk region became the most urbanised of Soviet Ukraine with more than 2,273,000 people living in the region (Vasiliev 1977, 55; Bolebrukh 2001, 159–164). Dnipropetrovsk also became the cultural and educational centre of Soviet Ukraine. There were ten colleges, including the State University, 97 secondary schools and 19 vocational schools. The Soviet administration restored local drama and music theatres. During the 1930s, Dnipropetrovsk had 120 libraries, five museums, six movie-theatres, 30 clubs and palaces of culture (Bolebrukh 2001_,_159–164). The Leonid Brezhnev Clan Post-war Soviet modernisation influenced the careers of many young and ambitious Komsomol members in the region. One of them, Leonid Brezhnev, was born in 1906 in Kamenskoe, joined the Kommunystycheskaya Partyya Sovetskoho Soyuza (Communist party of the Soviet Union - KPSS) in 1931 and, after graduation from Dniprodzerzhinsk Metallurgical Institute was elected as a council deputy of the city of Dniprodzerzhinsk. The Stalinist purges of the 1930s removed many old Soviet and Communist officials from government positions who perished in prisons and the labour camps of GULAG. Young people such as Brezhnev filled the void created by Stalinist repressions in the region. In 1938, the young Brezhnev was elected as a member of the regional committee of the Soviet Communist party of Ukraine (KPU) and head of the Department of Agitation and Propaganda. By the young age of 32, Brezhnev had become secretary of the KPU committee of the most important industrial region of Soviet Ukraine. His career was interrupted by the Great Patriotic War when Brezhnev joined the army as an ideological officer (see Mlechin 2005). From August 1941 to October 1943, the Dnipropetrovsk region was occupied by the Nazis, and Soviet troops liberated the entire region by February 1944 (Berkhoff 2004, 11, 36, 49, 149–150, 152–153, 248–249). The Soviet administration restored the industrial base of Dnipropetrovsk, and by 1950 the main metallurgical and machine-building factories had reached their pre-war levels of industrial production and productivity. During this period, Brezhnev began his political career as a talented and ambitious organizer of the industrial re-birth of Dnipropetrovsk. He was an experienced young army ideologist who had proved his loyalty to the Stalinist leadership during the war and was familiar with Dnipropetrovsk before 1941. The Central Committee of the KPSS sent Brezhnev to Dnipropetrovsk in November 1947 when he was elected first secretary of the Dnipropetrovsk regional committee of the KPU, and he ruled the oblast until June 1950 (Vosstanovlenie). His successors were Andrei Kirilenko and Volodymyr Shcherbitskyy, both close friends. Two other young comrades of Brezhnev, Oleksiy Vatchenko and Yevhen Kachalovskii led the region respectively in 1965–1976 and 1976–1983 (Vasiliev 1977, 72; Bolebrukh 2001_,_ 233; Mlechin 2005). Brezhnev promoted the political career of his old friends, many of whom became prominent political figures in Kyiv and Moscow during his leadership of the KPSS. Both contemporaries and scholars who study the ‘Brezhnev period’ call this phenomenon the ‘Dnipropetrovsk mafia’ or rule of the ‘Dnipropetrovsk Family’ (Nahaylo 1999, 36, 69; Wilson 2000, 162). Since the rise of Brezhnev to the pinnacle of Soviet power, the ruling elites of Dnipropetrovsk influenced not only regional, but also republican and All-Union politics. Dnipropetrovsk’s transformation into an important centre of the Soviet military industrial complex was directly related to the sudden rise of Brezhnev to the pinnacle of Soviet power in October of 1964. Brezhnev promoted the political career of his compatriots from the Dnipropetrovsk military industrial complex. Brezhnev’s friends and close colleagues from his post-war years in the Dnipropetrovsk region went to Moscow and became prominent political figures in the Soviet nomenklatura hierarchy during the 1960s and 1970s. Two main industries of the Soviet military industrial complex – metallurgy and missile-building – had important factories in Dnipropetrovsk and therefore provided the Brezhnev clan with new members from 1964 until 1982. Even after the downfall of the Brezhnev clan in Moscow in 1983, when Yurii Andropov began his struggle ‘against corruption and nepotism’ in the Soviet nomenklatura, members of this clan continued to play a prominent role in the political life of Soviet Ukraine. Besides the Physical-Technical Department of Dnipropetrovsk State University, the Dnipropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute also assisted the political careers of many of Brezhnev’s close friends who in the 1970s and 1980s became important members of the Kremlin nomenklatura. Nikolai Tikhonov, former head of Dnipropetrovsk Sovnarkhoz during the 1950s, was one of the deputies of the Soviet Prime Minister between 1966 and 1976, First Deputy of the Prime Minister from 1976 to 1980 and head of the USSR Council of Ministers from 1980 to 1985.[2] Nikolai Shcholokov was the Soviet Minister of Public Order in 1966–1968 and from 1968 to 1982 he was Soviet Minister of Interior. Georgii Tsynev was during 1971–1976 a member of the Central Revision Committee of the KPSS and a deputy head of the KGB from 1970 to 1982. In the KGB he was the 1st Deputy Chairman in 1982–1985 as well as he was a Candidate Member of CPSU Central Committee in 1976–1981 and accordingly was a full Member of the said body in 1981–1986. Victor Chebrikov, who graduated from Dnipropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute in 1950, was one of the leaders of the city party organisation in Dnipropetrovsk from 1961 to 1971. In 1971 he became the head of the personnel department of the USSR KGB, First Deputy of the Head of this organization and from 1982 to 1988 a chairman of the KGB (Pikhovshek 1996, 11–12, 272–274). Another of Brezhnev’s close friends, Volodymyr Shcherbytskyy, promoted the careers of other people from the region of Dnipropetrovsk. With his support, Oleksii Vatchenko became the head of the Presidium of the Ukrainian Soviet Supreme Soviet from 1976 until 1984 with the assistance of another politician from Dnipropetrovsk, Valentyna Shevchenko. Aleksandr Kapto, who worked as a secretary of both the Dnipropetrovsk Komsomol organization and the Soviet Ukrainian Komsomol in Kyiv in the 1960s, oversaw the Department of Culture in the Central Committee of the KPU; in 1979–1986 he was a Secretary of the Central Committee and accordingly was the main ideologist of the Soviet Ukraine. Many other members of the ‘Kyiv ruling class’ under Shcherbytskyy were also linked to the Dnipropetrovsk metallurgical and military lobby. Shcherbytskyy’s assistant from 1972 to 1984 was Konstantin Prodan who began his career in the Komsomol organisation of the city of Dnipropetrovsk (Pikhovshek 1996, 48–103). As a contemporary political analyst noted, ‘Officially Prodan was put in charge of industrial production, though, according to insiders of the former KPU Central Committee, his principal function was ‘maintaining’ contact with Brezhnev’s assistant Georgii Tsukanov in Moscow’ (Pikhovshek 1996, 33–34). Another important reason for the rise of the ‘Brezhnev Clan’ was the relative independence of Dnipropetrovsk’s local administration from Kyiv. Because of the status of Dnipropetrovsk as a ‘strategically important centre for military industry,’ different branches of the local administration were under the direct supervision of Moscow, rather than Kyiv (Interviews with Tihipko, Markov and Bocharova). The Military Industrial Complex and Ruling Elite of Dnipropetrovsk The city of Dnipropetrovsk was the location of famous metallurgical and machine-building factories in pre-revolutionary Russia and the Soviet Union. Before 1941, Dnipropetrovsk became the most urbanised region of the Soviet Ukraine. Almost 53 per cent of this region’s population lived in 16 cities and towns of the region (Vasiliev 1977, 55; Bolebrukh 2001, 159–164). In 1980, the industrial enterprises of Dnipropetrovsk manufactured a significant part of the industrial products and customer goods for the Soviet Ukrainian Republic. A total of 5.4 per cent of steel, 9 per cent of rolled iron, 28 per cent of pipes, 62 per cent of combine beet-harvesters, 27.9 per cent of television sets, and 8.5 per cent of knitted wear in Ukraine were produced in the city of Dnipropetrovsk (Bolebrukh 2001, 219). After 1945, the main centre of economic and financial activities of the region and the city of Dnipropetrovsk became neither metallurgy nor mining. The new centre which changed the status of the region and of the city was a secret military factory in Dnipropetrovsk. The entire ideological and cultural situation in the region, and especially the city, depended on this one industrial plant which became the most important part of the Soviet military industrial complex. In July 1944, the State Committee of Defence in Moscow decided to build a large military machine-building factory in Dnipropetrovsk on the location of the pre-war aircraft plant. In December 1945, thousands of German prisoners of war began construction and built the first sections and shops of the new Dnipropetrovsk Automobile Factory (Markov, 1995). In 1947–1948 this factory produced its first cars and special military vehicles. However, on 9 May 1951 the USSR Council of Ministers decided to transform the main shops and sectors of this factory into ‘secret production’ which included not only special military vehicles, but also powerful rocket engines and different types of modern military aircraft. The former Dnipropetrovsk Automobile Factory was transferred to the Ministry of Armament of the USSR and received a new name – the State Union Plant #586 (Lukanov 1996, 12). Stalin introduced the organisation of special secret training of highly qualified engineers and scientists who were to become rocket construction specialists. He recommended the introduction of a new college degree at Dnipropetrovsk State University which would be a Master of Sciences in rocket construction. In 1952 the university administration formed a new department with the name ‘physical-technical faculty’ which was the largest department at the university, admitting on average four hundred students each year. These students received better accommodation and a higher stipend payment than students from other departments and colleges; the lowest stipend for this department was 450 roubles, while the highest stipend at another prestigious school, the Dnipropetrovsk Medical Institute, was only 180 roubles. A special commission from Moscow selected talented undergraduate students studying physics from engineering schools all over the USSR and sent them to the physical-technical department at Dnipropetrovsk State University, where they resumed their studies as rocket engineers. Simultaneously, the university administration announced the admission of new freshmen students in this department. The promise of a good stipend and a ‘romantic’ career of rocket engineer attracted thousands of talented young people to this ‘secret’ department, which provided training specialists for only the Dnipropetrovsk Automobile Factory (Horbulin 1998, 9, 62–63). In accordance with another decision of the Soviet government, in 1954 the administration of this automobile factory opened a secret design office with the name ‘Southern Construction Bureau’ (konstruktorskoe biuro Yuzhnoe). The main assignment of this office was to construct military missiles and rocket engines. Hundreds of talented physicists, engineers and machine designers moved from Moscow and other big cities in the Soviet Union to Dnipropetrovsk where they joined the konstruktorskoe biuro Yuzhnoe (KBYu). In 1965, the secret Plant #586 was transferred to the Ministry of General Machine-Building of the USSR and the next year it changed its name into the ‘Southern Machine-building Factory’ (Yuzhnyi mashino-stroitelnyi zavod) or simply Yuzhmash (in Ukrainian Pivdenmash). The first ‘General Constructor’ and head of the ‘Southern’ design office was Mikhail Yangel, a prominent scientist and outstanding designer of space rockets who led the design office and factory from 1954 to 1971. Yangel designed the first powerful rockets and space military equipment for the Soviet Ministry of Defence. Yangel worked with talented engineers who later became the leaders of military production in Dnipropetrovsk and the official directors of Pivdenmash. Two close collaborators of Yangel were the Pivdenmash directors Leonid Smirnov (1952–1961) and Aleksandr Makarov (1961–1986). Makarov’s successor was Leonid Kuchma, the Director General of the Pivdenmash in 1986–1992, who later became one of the most prominent political leaders in independent Ukraine and was and still is the only President of Ukraine (1994–2005) elected twice (Strazheva; Platonov and Horbulin; Romanov and Gubarev; Baikonur; Baikonur, Korolev, Yangel). In 1951 the Southern Machine-building Factory began manufacturing and testing new military rockets with an initial range of only 270 kilometres. By 1959 Soviet scientists and engineers developed new technologies, and as a result, the KBYu launched a new machine-building project producing ballistic missiles. Under Yangel, KBYu produced very powerful rocket engines which dramatically increased the range of ballistic missiles and from the 1960s, began to be used as launch vehicles for Soviet spaceships. Pivdenmash designed and manufactured four generations of missile complexes which included space launch vehicles Kosmos, Interkosmos, Tsyklon-2, Tsyklon-3 and Zenith. The KBYu created a unique space-rocket system called Energia-Buran and manufactured 400 technical devices which were launched as artificial satellites (Sputniks). For the first time in the world space industry, the Dnipropetrovsk missile plant produced space Sputniks. By the 1980s, Pivdenmash manufactured 67 different types of spaceships, 12 space research complexes and four defence space rocket systems. These systems were used not only for purely military purposes by the Ministry of Defence, but also for astronomical research, for global radio and television and for environmental monitoring. Pivdenmash initiated and sponsored the international space programme of Eastern European socialist countries, called Interkosmos. Twenty-two of the 25 automatic space Sputniks of this programme were designed, manufactured, and launched by engineers and workers from Dnipropetrovsk. Pivdenmash and KBYu became not only an important centre of the Soviet space industry and Soviet military industrial complex, but also the main rocket producer for the entire Soviet bloc. (Hall and Shayler 2001, 316ff; Siddiqi 2003, 97, 113, 114, 164, 177, 285) The military rocket systems manufactured in Dnipropetrovsk created the base for the Soviet Strategic Missile Forces (Dnepropetrovskii raketno 1994; Bolebrukh 2001_,_ 209–211, 229; Lukanov 1996, 13). On the eve of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, KBYu had nine regular and corresponding members of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, 33 full professors and 290 scientists holding a Ph.D. More than 50,000 people worked at Pivdenmash. Pivdenmash was ‘a state’ inside the Soviet state. In 1969, after a long competition with Moscow’s V. Chelomei Centre of Rocket Construction, Pivdenmash rocket designs won, and from then leaders of the Soviet military industrial complex preferred only Pivdenmash models. The Soviet state provided billions of Soviet roubles to finance Pivdenmash projects (Horbulin 1998, 6, 24–31). Officially, Pivdenmash also manufactured agricultural tractors and special kitchen equipment for everyday needs, such as mincing machines or juicers for Soviet households. In official reports and public information there were no details given about its production of rockets or spaceships. However, hundreds of thousands of workers and engineers in the city of Dnipropetrovsk were employees of this plant, and members of their families and therefore most local people knew about the ‘real production’ of Pivdenmash. Dnipropetrovsk as a KGB “Testing Ground” The Soviet government approved the KGB’s proposal to introduce the highest level of secrecy over Pivdenmash and its products. According to the Soviet government’s decision, the city of Dnipropetrovsk was officially closed to foreign visitors in 1959. No citizen of a foreign country (even Eastern European socialist) was allowed to visit the city or district of Dnipropetrovsk. From the late 1950s, Soviet people called Dnipropetrovsk ‘the rocket city’ or ‘closed city.’ (Bolebrukh 2001, 211). Members of the Brezhnev clan in the Moscow offices of the KGB and Ministry of Interior also contributed to centralised ideological control in Dnipropetrovsk, which especially influenced the KGB and security operations in the closed city. The local KGB office was always more Moscow-oriented, ignoring the interests of the authorities in Kyiv. At the same time, for Moscow officials who began their careers in Dnipropetrovsk, the city became the testing ground for many All-Union KGB campaigns which they attempted to initiate. Dnipropetrovsk KGB officers were ‘pioneers’ in the organisation of ideological campaigns which became ‘models’ for other ‘closed’ industrial Soviet cities. [This phrase – ‘pioneers of ideological campaigns’ – belongs to a local retired KGB officer. According to the KGB documents, Moscow’s representatives in the Dnipropetrovsk clan always interfered in local KGB business, imposing their own practices on the local officers.] (Igor T.; DADO, f. 19, op. 52, spr. 72, ark. 1–18) As a result, the inhabitants of Dnipropetrovsk experienced more ideological limitations and more brutal anti-Western campaigns than people in many other Soviet cities. Facing direct Kremlin supervision, the local KGB and KPSS ideologists sought to prove their ideological reliability and occasionally exaggerated the ‘threat from the capitalist West.’ KGB officers transformed one building in the Dnipropetrovsk Special Psychiatric Hospital (psikhushka), located in a town of Ihren (now a suburban district of Dnipro), into a special police facility for ‘political dissidents.’ All over the Soviet Union, Ihren psikhushka (especially its Section 9) became notorious and known as the worst incarceration for political prisoners. The Dnipropetrovsk KGB tested various drugs on prisoners and performed different medical experiments, treating the most ‘opinionated’ political dissidents as mentally sick patients. Many religious and civil rights activists and ‘bourgeois nationalists,’ such as national communist dissident Leonid Plyushch, described the Dnipropetrovsk Psychiatric Hospital as ‘mental hell’ because of its police system of harsh treatment and everyday humiliation (Plyushch 1979, 304–326, 340–349). Meanwhile, local KGB officers explained their harsh treatment of dissidents such as Plyushch as an ideological necessity to protect a strategically important centre of the Soviet military industrial complex (Igor T). Growth of the Population and Standards of Living in the Region The new status of the city brought more state investments and contributed to the overall improvement of the standard of living of its inhabitants. During the 1950s, the main sponsor of city improvements and renovations was the metallurgical industry. During the 1960s and 1970s, the space rocket industry and its biggest factory, Pivdenmash, sponsored all major city programmes, renovations and new architectural projects which included the sports palace Meteor with a large indoor pool, football team Dnipro, city airport, city theatre of opera and ballet, historical museum of Yavornitskii, department store ‘Children’s World,’ construction of thousands of modern apartments, libraries and movie-theatres, and celebrations of the 200th anniversary of the city of Dnipropetrovsk in 1976. (Bolebrukh 2001_,_ 211–212). Even the expansion and renovation of the Dnipropetrovsk Central Farmer Market (known as Oziorka) was supported by Pivdenmash as part of its improvement of the city’s life, and a reflection of the growth and strategic importance of the city. From 1958 to 1965 the city administration invested money in building a new covered location for the market and by 1970 they had re-built the entire neighbourhood transforming it into a modern and convenient place for the ‘socialist consumption of goods and services.’ (Lazebnik 2001, 167–185) As a result, the missile factory, the centre of the Soviet military industrial complex, contributed to a new level of cultural consumption among not only the city’s dwellers, but also among all guests of Dnipropetrovsk. Consequently, the pioneering efforts in the popularisation of new modern forms of Western music such as jazz and rock-n-roll also began among engineers and workers of Pivdenmash who contributed to the spread of new cultural forms and activities among those who lived in the city and region of Dnipropetrovsk. The improving living conditions in Dnipropetrovsk led to an increase of the regional population from 2,339,800 people (with a 56 per cent urban population) in 1951 to 2,850,700 (with a 72 per cent urban population) in 1961. The larger salaries and better distribution of food and industrial goods also attracted young people from other regions of the Soviet Union to Dnipropetrovsk. From the 1950s onward, most of the Dnipropetrovsk population were people younger than 30 years old. In 1970 there were 3,343,000 people in the region (76 per cent of who lived in cities) which by 1984 had increased to 3,771,200 people (with 83 per cent urban population). The population of the city of Dnipropetrovsk grew from 660,800 people in 1959 to 1,066,000 in 1979 and more than 1,153,400 people in 1985 when Gorbachev came to power (Glushkina 1985, 10, 11). The Dnipropetrovsk region had a young multinational, predominantly Russian speaking population. Three major ethnic groups shaped the cultural development of the region – Ukrainians, Russians, and Jews. During the peak of ‘international harmony and prosperity of developed socialism’ in 1979, Ukrainians made up the overwhelming majority of the regional (72.8 per cent) and urban (68.5 per cent) population. Due to massive emigration from the Soviet Union, the Jewish population decreased from 2.7 per cent in 1959 to 1.7 per cent in 1979 and 1.3 per cent in 1989. The number of Russians in the region’s population grew rapidly from 17.2 per cent in 1959, 20.9 per cent in 1970, 23 per cent in 1979 and 24.2 per cent in 1989 (O vozrastnoi structure 1971; Goskomstat USSR 1991, 100, 102). By 1985, more than a third of the population in the city of Dnipropetrovsk was ethnically Russian. If we add to this number the 3.2 per cent of Russian-speaking Jews and more than 33 per cent of Ukrainians who considered Russian their native language, we will have more than two thirds of the city’s population who associated themselves with Russian rather than with Ukrainian culture. According to contemporaries, the high salaries and better conditions of living attracted representatives of various nationalities from different republics who also spoke Russian rather than the Ukrainian language in Dnipropetrovsk (Goskomstat USSR 1991, 106, 108, 119, 122; Prudchenko and Smolenska 2007). Komsomol ‘Business’ During the Late Soviet Era The regional economic activities of local ‘businessmen and women’ from the Komsomol during perestroika had their roots in the pre-perestroika era. They also strengthened trends for independence from Moscow which had earlier existed in Dnipropetrovsk. All the elements of their initial business had already been developed during the Brezhnev era when the cultural consumption of late socialism combined the structures of Soviet international tourism with the ideological efforts of Komsomol activists into one business network. Mass rock and discotheque music consumption among Soviet youth was delivered by Komsomol and trade union apparatchiks. International tourism and discotheque enthusiasts provided these apparatchiks with music and video material for their entertainment business. Without these relations it would be impossible to imagine the development of post-Soviet capitalism. The first pioneers of organizing Komsomol business in the region were two graduates of Dnipropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute, the Ukrainian-Moldovan Sergiy Tihipko, the First Secretary of the Dnipropetrovsk Komsomol regional organization in 1986–91, and the Ukrainian Oleksandr Turchynov, who worked with Tihipko as head of the agitation and propaganda division in the same Komsomol regional organisation in 1987–90. Tihipko and Turchynov initiated and ‘ideologically justified’ the first Komsomol businesses in the region. Two other Komsomol members, who also graduated from the same institute as Tihipko and Turchynov, Kolomoyskyy and Viktor Pinchuk, both of Jewish origin, started their careers not in the official Komsomol business, but on the black market of Dnipropetrovsk, trading various goods, and using their financial and engineering skills for their own survival in the conditions of economic collapse of late socialism. Kolomoyskyy used his financial skills and connections with Tihipko to organize its own financial corporation Privatbank, which became the most successful bank in post-Soviet Ukraine. Pinchuk, using his engineering and managerial skills, founded his own metallurgical venture, entitled Interpipe Company. It is noteworthy that all four of those Komsomol members, two Ukrainian and two Jewish, used their personal connections through their friends and partners from Pivdenmash, including through its last director Leonid Kuchma, to start their first businesses in Dnipropetrovsk (see Golovko 2012). In the mid-1980s, when perestroika created favourable conditions for the managerial skills of Komsomol activists, this system produced new activities for cultural consumption, such as video salons which brought their organisers more profits than traditional discotheque clubs. The video business used the same infrastructure and network of the discotheque movement; namely international tourism, Komsomol activists, trade union leaders and the ‘discotheque mafia.’ This network contributed to the business career of two fans of Western popular music, Yulia Tymoshenko and her husband, Oleksandr (Popov, Milshtein, 55; Ponamarchuk). Yulia Grigian (Telegina) was the daughter of Armenian taxi-driver Grigian and Russian technical worker Telegina, a fan of British rock music. Yulia Grigian married Oleksandr Tymoshenko, son of a member of the city KPU committee in the Pivdenmash administration. In 1978, Yulia Tymoshenko joined the student Komsomol organization in the Department of Economy at Dnipropetrovsk State University. This department was opened on the initiative of the Pivdenmash administration in 1977 to provide training for qualified economists in Dnipropetrovsk’s growing military industrial complex. Yulia Tymoshenko graduated with honours from the Department of Economy in 1984 and began her first job as an engineer-economist through the connections of her father-in-law, Hennadii Tymoshenko. For five years, she worked at the Lenin machine building plant, another factory which belonged to the Soviet military industrial complex. In 1979, she gave birth to her daughter Yevhenia, and until 1988 she and her husband enjoyed a typical Soviet upper-middle class life in their one-bedroom cooperative apartment. They continued to watch movies, listen to Western pop music, and occasionally visited and danced in well-known discotheque clubs in downtown Dnipropetrovsk (Popov and Milshtein 2006, 64–67; Suvorov 1991). Perestroika changed the young Tymoshenko family. Hennadii Tymoshenko recommended his son and daughter-in-law to join the co-operative movement and promised his support through the city’s KPU and Soviet administration. In 1988, the young Tymoshenkos used their old connections in the Komsomol discothèque world to open a public service enterprise, a video-rental shop in Dnipropetrovsk, with 5,000 borrowed Soviet roubles. The profits made from this first venture were used to open a chain of video rental stores. They used the experience of Komsomol apparatchiks, who brought their first VCRs in Dnipropetrovsk through Sputnik. Contacts in the discotheque movement helped provide these apparatchiks with Western video tapes and an audience which was ready to consume new Western cultural products. Former discotheque enthusiasts tested these new business practices and proposed the idea of video salons, which had already become the most popular and fashionable form of entertainment Moscow and the three Baltic republics. As a result, during perestroika both the Komsomol and ‘discotheque mafia’ provided infrastructure for these salons in Dnipropetrovsk. When in 1987the KGB opened the city of Dnipropetrovsk to foreigners, Pivdenmash imported thousands of VCRs using barter agreements with South Korean businessmen. As a regional KPU apparatchik who oversaw the distribution of movies throughout the Dnipropetrovsk region (kinoprokat), Yulia Tymoshenko’s father-in-law had access not only to these Korean VCRs but also to local movie theatres which provided the first mass audience for video films. The main base of a Tymoshenko’s ‘video enterprise’ was the location of the former central Komsomol discotheque club of Dnipropetrovsk oblast– the Student Palace in the Taras Shevchenko Park of Culture and Relaxation in downtown Dnipropetrovsk (Popov and Milshtein 2006, 52–89; Ponamarchuk 2007). In 1989, she quit her old engineer-economist job and became the head of the Terminal co-operative. The same year, another participant in the ‘discotheque mafia,’ Serhiy Tihipko, was elected as the first secretary of the Komsomol organization of Dnipropetrovsk oblast. He not only supported Tymoshenko’s enterprise, but also brought his additional discotheque and Sputnik connections into Terminal. In this way, discotheque activists and Komsomol apparatchiks contributed to the growth and popularity of Tymoshenko’s business (Tihipko). In 1991 after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and Soviet state tourism, the representatives of the Brezhnev era Komsomol elite, such as Tymoshenko demonstrated again that a skilful adjustment of this network to the new economic situation was an important foundation for success in post-Soviet business activities. The initial capital of Terminal, the music and video Komsomol enterprise which Tymoshenko had launched during ‘the discotheque era’ of late socialism, became the foundation of her business and political career in post-Soviet Ukraine. Epilogue: Dnipropetrovsk Komsomol Entrepreneurs and the Formation of Post-Soviet Oligarchs Political corruption in the post-Soviet geopolitical space is rooted in cultural consumption during the Brezhnev era, especially in the so-called ‘discotheque effect’ on society during the era of ‘mature socialism.’ During this period of late socialism in the USSR, millions of Soviet young people, loyal members of Komsomol, fell in love with the catchy sound of ‘beat music’ by the Beatles and hard rock by Deep Purple. Even ten years after dissolution of the Soviet Union, the post-Soviet space was ruled by former Soviet hard rock fans, representatives of the so-called ‘Deep Purple generation,’ new post-Soviet politicians, such as Russian Prime-Minister Dmitri Medvedev, twice Ukrainian Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko, President Petro Poroshenko and former Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili. Paradoxically, détente in the 1970s led to the influx of Western cultural products into the USSR, such as popular music and feature films. As a result, Soviet ideologists, including the Komsomol, attempted to control Soviet consumption of cultural products from the West using ‘Komsomol discothèques’ where Soviet young people could dance to ‘ideologically permitted’ Soviet and Western music. Contemporaries called these organizers ‘disco mafia’ in the industrial cities of Eastern Ukraine. By the end of perestroika in 1991, more than 100 Komsomol businesses had emerged in industrial cities in Eastern Soviet Ukraine, of which more than ninety originated in the city of Dnipropetrovsk (Zhuk 2010, 301). Only a few of the most successful enterprises survived post-Soviet competition during the 1990s and created ‘new business corporations’ such as Yulia Tymoshenko’s ‘Gas Empire,’ Kolomoyskyy’s and Tihipko’s Privatbank, Aleksandr Balashov’s ‘Trade Corporation’ and Rinat Akhmetov’s Liuks. The overwhelming majority of these post-Soviet successful businesses were organised by or directly connected to the ‘disco mafia.’ At the same time, the first Dnipropetrovsk ‘capitalists’ demonstrated a wide range of ethnic backgrounds, from the Ukrainian Tihipko, Armenian-Russian Tymoshenko, Russian Balashov and Jewish Kolomoyskyy contributing to the multi-national identity of the city of Dnipropetrovsk and Dnipro. Some contemporaries noted how the business activities of Komsomol ‘entrepreneurs’ in the 1980s contributed to regional identity in Eastern Ukraine. Many of these ‘entrepreneurs’ who were not ethnic Ukrainians became active participants in the Ukrainian independence movement in 1988–1991 to protect their regional business interests rather than defending Ukrainian culture and language. In the 1990s, former members of the Soviet ‘discotheque mafia’ and their former KPU supervisors became an integral part of the business and political life of independent Ukraine. As leaders of oligarchic clans in Ukraine they have resisted Russian expansion into their ‘spheres of influence.’ The case of Volodymyr Zelenskyy, elected in April 2019, whose entire career was generated inside the Soviet-based system of television entertainment, continues to demonstrate the connection between ‘post-Komsomol‘ business and political careers. Zelenskyy began his acting career in 95-yi Kvartal, which was a reference to a neighbourhood in Kryvyy Rih, where he had grown up and was inspired by the 1960s Soviet television show KVN. As we see, the Dnipropetrovsk and Dnipro elites, who are still rooted in their Soviet past, play a significant role in the development of independent Ukraine. References Berkhoff, Karel C., (2004). Harvest of Despair: Life and Death in Ukraine under Nazi Rule. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Bolebrukh, Anatolii G. et al., eds., (2001). Dnipropetrovsk: vikhy istorii. Dnipropetrovsk: Grani. Derzhavnyy arkhiv Dnipropetrovskoyi oblasti (hereafter – DADO), f. 19, op. 52, spr. 72. Dnepropetrovskii raketno-kosmicheskii tsentr: Kratkii ocherk stanovlenia i razvitia. (1994). DAZ-YuMZ-KBYu: Khronika dat i sobytii. Dnipropetrovsk: YUMZ. Glushkina, Liudmila G. ed. (1985). Tsentral’noe Statisticheskoe Upravlenie Dnepropetrovskoi oblasti. Dnepropetrovshchina v tsifrakh. (K 40-letiu pobedy v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine). Dnipropetrovsk: Gosstat. Golovko, Volodymyr. (2012). Ukrainski finasovo-promyslovi grupy v modernizatsiinykh protsesakh 1991-2009. Kyiv: Instytut istorii Ukrainy NAN Ukrainy. Goskomstat USSR. Dnepropetrovskoe oblatnoe upravlenie statistiki. (1991). Naselenie Dnepropetrovskoi oblasti po dannym Vsesoiuznoi perepisi naseleniia 1989 goda. Dnepropetrovsk: Gosstat. Hall, Rex, Shayler, David J. (2001). The Rocket Men: Vostok and Voskhod, the First Soviet Manned Spaceflights. Chichester, NJ: Springer. Horbulin, Volodymyr P. et al. eds. (1998). Zemni shlyakhy i zoryani orbity. Shtrykhy do portreta Leonida Kuchmy. Kyiv: DrUk. Kuznetskii, Mikhail I., Stazheva, Irina V. eds. (1995). Baikonur – chudo XX veka: Vospominania vevteranov Baikonura ob akademike Mikhaile Kuzmiche Yangele. Moscow: Kosmos. Kuznetskii, Mikhail I. ed. (1997). Baikonur, Korolev, Yangel. Voronezh: Kosmos. Lazebnik, Valentina I. (2001). G. A. Efimenko ed., Oziorka nasha: Istoricheskii ocherk o Dnepropetrovskom Tsentralnom rynke. Dnipropetrovsk: Grani. Lukanov, Yuriy. (1996). Tretii president: Politychnyi portret Leonida Kuchmy. Kyiv: Taki Spravy. Markov, Karlo A. (1995). Uchastie nemetskikh voennoplennykh i internirovannykh v vosstanovlenii narodnogo khoziaistva Dnepropetrovskoi oblastiv pervye polevoennye gody. Voprosy Germanskoi istorii: Ukrainsko-nemetskie sviazi v novoe i noveishee vremia. Mezhvuzovskii sbornik nauchnykh trudov, In: Svetlana Bobyliova, ed., Dnipropetrovsk: DDU, 158–172. Mlechin, Leonid M. (2005). Brezhnev. Moscow: Molodaia gvardia. Nahaylo, Bohdan. (1999). The Ukrainian Resurgence. Toronto: Hurst. O vozrastnoi structure, urovne obrazovania, natsional’nom sostave, iazykakh i istochnikakh sredstv sushchestvovania naselenia Dnepropetrovskoi oblasti po dannym Vsessoiuznoi perepisis naselenia na 15 ianvaria 1970 goda. (1971). Dneprovskaia Pravda, June 26. Pikhovshek, Vyacheslav, et al., eds. (1996). ‘Dnipropetrovska simya’: Informatsia stanom na 25 lystopada 1996 roku. Kyiv: Ukrainian Centre for Independent Political Research. Pikhovshek, Vyacheslav et al. Eds. (1996). Dnipropetrovsk vs. Security Service. Kyiv: Lybed. Platonov, Vitalii P. and Horbulin, Volodymyr.P. (1979). Mykhaylo K. Yangel. Kyiv: Nauka. Plyushch, Leonid. (1979). History’s Carnival: A Dissident’s Autobiography. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Ponamarchuk, Dmytro. (2007). Prosto Yulia. Izvestia, September 20. Popov, Dmitrii, and Milshtein, Ilia. (2006). Oranzhevaia printsessa. Zagadka Yulii Timoshenko. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo Ol’gi Morozovoi. Romanov, Aleksandr P., Gubarev, Vladimir S. (1989). Konstruktory. Moscow: Molodaia gvardia. Siddiqi, Asif A. (2003). Sputnik and the Soviet Space Challenge. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. Elberg-Wilson, Eliot. (2016). ‘Eduard Artem’iev and the Sonics of National Identity,’ Slovo, 28, 2: 2–25. Strazheva, Irina V. (1978). Tiulpany s kosmodroma. Moscow: Molodaia gvardia. Vasiliev, I. V. et al. eds. (1977). Istoria gorodov i siol Ukrainskoi SSR v 26-ti tomakh: Dnepropetrovskaia oblast. Kyiv: Glavnaia redaktsia Ukrainskoi Sovestskoi Entsiklopedii. Vosstanovlenie Pridneprovia (1946–1950). (1980). Dokumenty i materially. Kyiv: Nauka. Wilson, Andrew. (2000). The Ukrainians: Unexpected Nation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press Zhuk, Sergei. (2004). Russia’s Lost Reformation: Peasants, Millennialism and Radical Sects in Southern Russia and Ukraine, 1830–1917. Baltimore, MD & Washington D.C: Johns Hopkins University Press and Woodrow Wilson Centre Press. Zhuk, Sergei (2010). Rock and Roll in the Rocket City: The West, Identity, and Ideology in Soviet Dniepropetrovsk, 1960–1985. Baltimore, MD & Washington D.C: Johns Hopkins University Press and Woodrow Wilson Centre Press. **Interviews**Igor T., KGB officer, 15 May 1991, Dnipropetrovsk. Karlo A. Markov, 12 April 1992, Dnipropetrovsk State University. Mikhail Suvorov, 1 June 1991, Dnipropetrovsk. Natalia V. Bocharova, 15 March 1993, Dnipropetrovsk State University. Sergiy Tihipko, director of Privatbank in Dnipropetrovsk, 12 October 1993, Dnipropetrovsk. Yevhen D. Prudchenko and Halyna V. Smolenska, 18 July 2007, Central Library of Dnipropetrovsk oblast, Dnipropetrovsk. Notes [1] I used also numerous interviews conducted with my relatives, who are ethnic Ukrainians, but live in Moscow, Russia, who still support Russian President Vladimir Putin’s anti-Ukrainian politics. [2] Sovnarkhoz is abbreviated from Russian Sovet narodnogo khoziaistva, an economic department in the Soviet government during the early Stalin era and during Khrushchev’s reforms.
Utah vs. Arizona: How to watch tonight's NCAA college football game, where to stream and more
How to watch the Utah vs. Arizona game this Saturday.
Takeaways from Colorado football's upset win over No. 14 Houston
Colorado stunned No. 14 Houston 42-32 behind a breakout rushing attack. Here are five takeaways on the biggest win under head coach Deion Sanders.
About the Boone Health buyer: Ardent Health already owns 30 acute-care hospitals
Boone Health's buyer, Ardent, is a publicly traded, for-profit hospital operator whose shares trade on the New York Stock Exchange.
‘Don’t lie to me to get free stuff’: how small businesses are fighting back against influencers behaving badly
From diva-like behaviour to freebie requests that never result in a review, ‘entitled’ content creators are a growing blight on small-business owners. Now entrepreneurs are calling them out
‘Don’t lie to me to get free stuff’: how small businesses are fighting back against influencers behaving badly
From diva-like behaviour to freebie requests that never result in a review, ‘entitled’ content creators are a growing blight on small-business owners. Now entrepreneurs are calling them out
Shopping small adds up to big impact for local businesses - The Union-Recorder
Shopping at locally-owned businesses not only impacts the stores that customers support, but the act also reaches across communities.
2026 Future Science Prize Week Highlight: Three Laureates Honoured in Hong Kong at Ceremony Blending Science and Art
Hongkong,China, Nov. 14, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The 2026 Future Science Prize Week (Prize Week), co-organised by the Future Science Awards Foundation and the Hong Kong Academy of Sciences, held its grand...
Stanford scientists discover hidden brain signals that predict Alzheimer’s years before symptoms
Stanford researchers have discovered that hidden patterns of brain activity can predict Alzheimer’s risk years before memory problems appear, potentially offering an earlier warning than traditional biomarkers. The same patterns also reveal which brains are unusually resistant to aging, raising hopes for future treatments that could help protect memory.
Letters to Sports: Unbeaten Bruins get the Plaschke touch
Readers of the L.A. Times Sports section give their thoughts on UCLA's unbeaten football team and Bill Plaschke's column about the Bruins, JuJu Watkins and more.
Early Morning, Noon & Afternoon Games Open Thread
Another fall football Saturday, let’s go!
Chiefs Issue Good News Involving Patrick Mahomes for Week 10
Patrick Mahomes and the Kansas City Chiefs are ready to take on the Atlanta Falcons on Sunday. They have momentum on their side following a 35-12 win over the New York Jets in Week 9. The team also issued good news about the star quarterback ahead of the Week 10 matchup at Mercedes-Benz Stadium. Mahomes […] The post Chiefs Issue Good News Involving Patrick Mahomes for Week 10 appeared first on Gridiron Heroics.
The Donbas dilemma: Why Russia and Ukraine won't let go
Who needs the Donbas more: Russia or Ukraine? We break down the region's military, economic and political value, Vladimir Putin's ambitions, and Volodymyr Zelenskyy's refusal to cede territory.
Bruins vs. Wild PREVIEW: Boston looks to rebound against Minnesota
Just the Facts Game Preview There are two things you must know about the Minnesota Wild. First, they are pretty good. Just all around. The Wild are tied with the Canes in points, they lead the Central Division and Western Conference, they just pantsed the Leafs and got an OT winner against Montreal, and played […]
'Flames soon engulfed us': Artemis II astronaut Jeremy Hansen describes what splashdown felt like from inside the Orion capsule
After nine days in space, the Artemis II crewmembers faced their final and riskiest challenge: splashdown. In this excerpt from the book "Earthrise: Inside Artemis II, the Groundbreaking Human Mission into Deep Space," astronaut Jeremy Hansen describes the moment from his chair.
Bursts Of Epic Mountain Building May Be The Reason Earth Has Complex Life
Mountain range looking at animals and plants: “I am your father”.
Iran’s President Vows to Root Out Corruption, Bribery
TEHRAN (Tasnim) – Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian reaffirmed his administration’s determination to combat corruption, bribery and rent-seeking in the country’s economy, vowing firm and uncompromising action to eliminate corrupt practices and prevent their recurrence.
SpaceX not being honest about ‘political’ reasons for slowing Starshield, says Zelenskyy
Throttling of Elon Musk’s military-grade satellite system affecting whole frontline, says Ukraine’s president
‘Learning from past mistakes’: Five years later, developer ready to finish business park with more modest plan - The Daily Reporter
Over the past year-plus, the warehouse market in Hancock County has experienced an upturn, with several previously vacant warehouses along the Mt. Comfort Corridor either being leased to new tenants or bought outright from their previous owners.
Madeline Horwath on the complexity of modern politics
Politics becomes exhausting when you realise that everything is interconnected
The nutritional benefits, drawbacks of toasting your bread
Here’s what to know about eating whole grains with and without your toaster’s help.
The nutritional benefits, drawbacks of toasting your bread
Here’s what to know about eating whole grains with and without your toaster’s help.
After blue wave, Federalist Society is ready to move on from Trump
President Donald Trump’s days of naming conservatives to the federal bench may be ending, but members of the Federalist Society, the powerhouse that helped Republican administrations transform the judiciary, are down, not out, and already anticipating 2028.
Measles cases are gaining a foothold again in Minnesota
Amish residents in rural areas take measures to protect others amid large outbreak, but largely reject protective vaccine.
Nov. 14 Arts & Entertainment Calendar
‘The Wonderful Wizard of Oz’: Smiles and Frowns Playhouse will present “The Wonderful Wizard of Oz” at 2 p.m. today at the Ayden Recreation Center, 4354 Lee St., Ayden. The
Giants news: Reactions to Washington loss, J.J. McCarthy, more
New York Giants headlines for Saturday.
My 107-year-old grandmother inspired me to choose an unconventional wedding venue: her senior-living community
When my 107-year-old grandmother casually mentioned that she doesnt like getting in and out of cars, I realized I knew the perfect place for my wedding: her retirement community
Health experts predict U.S. is likely to lose measles elimination status as Pennsylvania battles largest outbreak in three decades
Scientists and public health experts say measles has regained a foothold in the U.S. as outbreaks like the one in Pennsylvania become more common.
Rivian spinoff thinks high car prices create an opening for e-bikes
Chris Yu, the president and cofounder of Rivian spinoff Also, said the perfect garage will one day include a family SUV and an around-town e-bike.
GPL Column: Scruffy, sparkles and the science of reading
Editor’s note: Opinions expressed by columnists are solely the opinion of that person and not necessarily the Daily Journal.
Surging measles cases are forcing doctors to treat conditions they’ve never seen
Some of the greatest unknowns involve the youngest patients.
These places are desperate for doctors. But perks to attract them come with a catch.
States are trying to recruit health care workers to rural areas using money a $50 billion federal fund. But is a five-year service requirement too much?
ITALY U21 WIN AS CAMARDA SCORES
The first Rossoneri goal of the second international break of the season has arrived. On Friday evening, Camarda scored one of the goals in Italy U21's 2-1 friendly win away to France in Laval. Franc...
Opinion: Voters rejected AI data centers in dozens of communities as 2026 blue wave crested
Opinion by Barbara A. Trish: The widespread pushback against data centers is now part of the narrative explaining the dramatic results of the 2026 midterms.
Naming names for a transition, an addition and a delegation, in political notes
Montgomery County Executive-elect Will Jawando builds out his transition team, the county's House delegation gets new leadership and the Maryland Farm Bureau adds some homegrown talent, in political notes.
“Aryna Sabalenka Needs To Sack Her Entire Team” – Fans React As Belarusian Ends 2026 With Shock WTA Finals Exit After Elina Svitolina Loss
Aryna Sabalenka suffered a disappointing end to her 2026 season, losing to Elina Svitolina in their round-robin clash at the WTA Finals on Friday. The result eliminated the four-time Grand Slam champion from the year-end championships.
How to watch Nebraska volleyball vs. Iowa: Time, TV channel
It's Nebraska vs. Iowa in Big Ten volleyball action. Here's how to watch, including time, channel, TV schedule and streaming info.
10 CubeSats That Delivered Major Science Results
A CubeSat that found a new source of radiation belt electrons, a pair that traced electron rain to whistler waves, and a cereal-box-size satellite that found signs of an exoplanet's atmosphere escaping.
Georgia’s Kirby Smart Makes Explosive Claim About The SEC
The Georgia football head coach Kirby Smart has never been one to hide his affection for the SEC, and for good reason. His program has experienced what winning the conference means. But with the SEC championship game approaching its final edition, Smart is making clear that accepting the decision does not mean liking it.Speaking with […] The post Georgia’s Kirby Smart Makes Explosive Claim About The SEC appeared first on HEAVY.
Could major power politics stall the landmark High Seas Treaty?
Ratified by 105 nations including China but not the US and Russia, the agreement is the most significant maritime pact in decades.
BTS and aespa lead Day 1 of the Melon Music Awards
The red carpet starts at 5 p.m. and the ceremony at 6 p.m., with Ateez, Riize, Japan’s HANA and a reunited I.O.I among the acts on the bill. Stay with us here for live updates.
San Siro
How do you get 80,018 people (yes, you read that right, EIGHTY THOUSAND AND EIGHTEEN) into San Siro during the international break? No Inter, no football, but still a ball, albeit an oval one for a ch...
Business leaders emphasize collaboration, momentum in tri-state area
Business leaders emphasized the importance of collaboration, continuing momentum and workforce attraction and retention at a Dubuque Area Chamber of Commerce member breakfast Friday morning.
SEC postpones Ole Miss-Oklahoma game to Sunday following FAA ground stop, Sooners AD responds with blistering statement
Oklahoma athletic director Roger Denny claimed the SEC threatened the Sooners with a forfeit if they didn't agree to play Sunday.
Care when it matters most: Owensboro Health expands support for sexual assault survivors
For a sexual assault survivor, reaching the emergency room should mean the wait for help is over. Owensboro Health is working to fulfill that promise with around-the-clock access to specially trained nurses and a training program helping more western Kentucky hospitals provide that care closer to home.
How Can Sunderland Pose A Greater Attacking Threat?
What aspects of the game do the Lads need to work on in order to build on Sunday’s result against Chelsea?
Phil Bardsley Reflects on Sunderland’s Memorable League Cup Run
From lifting the Player of the Season award to reaching the 2014 League Cup final, Phil Bardsley looks back on his time at Sunderland. What made those years so special?