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Xenetic Biosciences Reports Third Quarter 2026 Financial Results and Highlights Strategic Business Updates
"This is a defining period for Xenetic as we work toward completing a transaction that we believe has the potential to fundamentally transform the Company's clinical development profile and long-term value proposition," said James Parslow, Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Xenetic Biosciences. "Santersus is expected to bring an established clinical-stage platform, two FDA Breakthrough Device Designations and a pipeline targeting serious diseases with substantial unme
She Started a Business When the Market Was Struggling. The Hardest Part Surprised Her
Building a successful business takes more than confidence. It requires patience, resilience, and the ability to keep moving forward.
Bessent Says Treasury Supported Blacklisting Megaspeed but Commerce Didn’t Act
The Treasury secretary pointed at the agency run by Howard Lutnick, whom some Trump administration officials have sought to blame for the political mess.
Washtenaw Business Lens: Growing talent pool key to area's economic success
In the aftermath of the mid-term election results, both nationally and statewide, the immediate and long-term effects on local businesses is discussed in this month's "Washtenaw Business Lens." WEMU's Caroline MacGregor sat down with Ann Arbor/Ypsilanti Chamber Director Andy LaBarre and EMU Regent-elect Kirk Profit to discuss what to expect moving forward.
The best 'so-bad-they're-good' TV shows, from 'Emily in Paris' to 'Virgin River'
Sometimes TV shows are so good they win Emmy Awards. Sometimes they're so good that they change people's lives or our culture. And sometimes they're so bad we can't stop
Public university hospitals in the Americas to develop regional alliance to strengthen health systems
The Brasília Charter marks a first step toward creating a regional alliance, setting out shared priorities for cooperation in hospital management, research, workforce development and emergency preparedness.Brasília, Brazil, 13 November 2026 (PAHO) – Representatives of public university hospitals and health authorities from across the Americas are advancing the creation of a regional alliance aimed at strengthening health systems through greater cooperation in specialized care, health workforce training, research and innovation.
Social Work program strengthens behavioral health workforce
Sahar Ashrafi was in her fourth year of medical school and was working toward becoming a psychiatrist before she and her family were forced to leave Afghanistan in 2019 due to war and conflict in the region. “After that, I had to start my life from scratch,” Ashrafi said. She restarted her education at Fresno […]
USM honors high-achieving business graduates during annual awards luncheon
Three outstanding USM graduates were honored Friday during an annual Business Excellence Awards Luncheon hosted by the Southern Miss College of Business and Economic Development.
Trailblazing film producers Christine Vachon and Pamela Koffler make Governors Awards history
Christine Vachon and Pamela Koffler, co-founders of Killer Films, are making history Sunday with their honorary Oscar at the Governors Awards | KCBS All News 106.9FM and 740AM
A muscular moderate found; could better politics really be ahead?
I do not wish to overstate, but I might have run across a muscular moderate who could help lead the nation toward a better politics. That's all.
BTS and aespa lead Day 1 of the Melon Music Awards
The red carpet starts at 5 p.m. and the ceremony at 6 p.m., with Ateez, Riize, Japan’s HANA and a reunited I.O.I among the acts on the bill. Stay with us here for live updates.
Policy Brief: Trump admin unveils $10B in second-year rural health awards; HHS invests $9.7M to combat elder abuse
Stay up to date on the latest across Washington, D.C. with this brief. Read below for news from Nov. 2 to 13. | The latest news from CMS and HHS: RHTP second year funding announced, CMS issues two new key rules and more.
After 8 nominations without a win, Glenn Close is 'overwhelmed' by honorary Oscar
Glenn Close is receiving an honorary Oscar on Sunday at the Governors Awards | 1010 WINS
Incoming congressman Bobby Pulido was just one political moment at the Latin Grammys
Bobby Pulido is a member-elect for the U.S. House of Representatives who has also recently won the Latin Grammy for best Tejano album | KCBS All News 106.9FM and 740AM
2026 Future Science Prize Week Highlight: Three Laureates Honoured in Hong Kong at Ceremony Blending Science and Art
Hongkong,China, Nov. 14, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The 2026 Future Science Prize Week (“Prize Week”), co-organised by the Future Science Awards F...
Walt Disney vs. Netflix: Which Is the Better Entertainment Stock to Buy Going Into 2027?
Netflix commands a premium forward P/E, while Disney's parks, streaming, and licensing empire trades at a far lower sales multiple. Which valuation holds up better for the years ahead?
Trailblazing film producers Christine Vachon and Pamela Koffler make Governors Awards history
Christine Vachon and Pamela Koffler, co-founders of Killer Films, are making history Sunday with their honorary Oscar at the Governors Awards | KNX News 1070 AM
Richard Sterban, member of the celebrated country and gospel group The Oak Ridge Boys, dies at 83
Richard Sterban, the bass vocalist of the Grammy-award winning gospel quartet The Oak Ridge Boys and a country music hall of famer, has died | KMBZ
Desmond Howard Makes Another Ridiculous Comment on Buckeyes' Jeremiah Smith
Former Michigan Wolverine Desmond Howard made yet another ridiculous comment on Friday regarding Jeremiah Smith.
Chiefs LB Nick Bolton earns prestigious NFLPA Community MVP award
Kansas City Chiefs LB Nick Bolton earned the prestigious NFLPA Community MVP award in Week 10.
Glenn Close and Ridley Scott to get honorary Oscars at Governors Awards
Glenn Close will finally hold an Oscar and make an acceptance speech after eight nominations without a win | NewsRadio 1080 KRLD
New awards show celebrates AI music and its creators
By Lisa Richwine and Rollo Ross LOS ANGELES, Nov 14 (Reuters) - And the award goes to ... AI music.
Russell Brand doc 'Open Secret' condemns a predatory chameleon
Netflix's 'Russell Brand: Open Secret' is less interested in the psychology of a criminal predator than it is in the culture that rewarded him and the women who finally brought him to justice.
Spalletti’s three January transfer priorities for Juventus revealed
La Gazzetta dello Sport reports that Luciano Spalletti’s three transfer priorities for the January transfer window are a ‘classic’ centre-forward, a central midfielder and a left-back.The Bianco...
2026 Future Science Prize Week Highlight: Three Laureates Honoured in Hong Kong at Ceremony Blending Science and Art
Hongkong,China, Nov. 14, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The 2026 Future Science Prize Week (Prize Week), co-organised by the Future Science Awards Foundation and the Hong Kong Academy of Sciences, held its grand...
Times Shield is an institution, says Amol Muzumdar
At the Times Cricket Shield function, head coach Amol Muzumdar emphasised his formative experiences in cricket and the invaluable lessons from mentor Sandeep Patil. He stressed the importance of respecting the sport and using setbacks as learning opportunities. The event also celebrated awardees across various segments, showcasing the Times Shield's role in fostering cricket talent in Mumbai.
Richard Sterban, member of the celebrated country and gospel group The Oak Ridge Boys, dies at 83
Richard Sterban, the bass vocalist of the Grammy-award winning gospel quartet The Oak Ridge Boys and a country music hall of famer, has died | KNX News 1070 AM
Inspired by Dayton Tornados, man opens roofing business to pay it forward
Taking a leap of faith that he could build a company based on a simple premise to do what’s right, Josh Alford decided to do something that has made him stand out in the roofing industry.
Incoming congressman Bobby Pulido was just one political moment at the Latin Grammys
Shielded by the shadow of his signature cowboy hat, Bobby Pulido took to the stage of the Latin Grammys to accept the award for best Tejano album. It was his third time accepting a win in the category, but it was his first as a member-elect in the U.S. House of Representatives.
21 More Original XBOX Games Arrive On PC Via Backward Compatibility, Including KOTOR, Morrowind, And TimeSplitters
XBOX celebrates its 25th anniversary with Wolfenstein 3, new Fable gameplay, Halo updates, and 21 classic XBOX games arriving on PC.
The Advancing Global Health Annual Program Statement (AGH/APS) Mechanism: Supplementing the America First MOUs
To shed greater light on U.S. global health efforts under the AFGHS, this analysis examines the Advancing Global Health APS (AGH/APS) award opportunities announced to date by looking at how funding may be directed across countries and selected areas of global health programming, painting a fuller picture of how continued U.S. global health investment may look in a post-USAID foreign aid landscape.
Why Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick Is Under Pressure for Nvidia Ties
Lawmakers – including some key Trump allies – are pressuring Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick on his connections to fallen Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang, as national security concerns intensify over the executive’s affair with a woman believed to be a Chinese spy. Huang resigned Thursday, days after ...
Spectrum News 1 | Inside the Issues: C.A. Political Path Forward; Midterms Historical Context
News from Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles. Our Newsroom highlights students, faculty, and staff who make LMU a brighter community.
Local companies feted at Small Business Awards
Findlay-Hancock Chamber hosts 63rd ceremony
Cavaliers will play Mavericks without entire usual starting lineup
CLEVELAND (AP) — The Cavaliers will be without their entire starting lineup Saturday against the Dallas Mavericks after four players were ruled out following their travel difficulties returning to Cleveland.Shooting guard Donovan Mitchell (left knee bruise), point guard James Harden (left calf), small forward Peyton Watson (right hamstring) and center Jarrett Allen (right knee) were listed as inactive by coach Kenny Atkinson during his pregame availability.
Former Blue Jays Catcher Gabriel Moreno Gets NL MVP Votes
Former Toronto Blue Jays catcher Gabriel Moreno received down-ballot votes for the 2026 National League MVP Award.Moreno, who now stars for the Arizona Diamondbacks, is coming off a fantastic season for the Diamondbacks, in which he won the NL batting title with a .311 average and also took home his second career Gold Glove Award […] The post Former Blue Jays Catcher Gabriel Moreno Gets NL MVP Votes appeared first on HEAVY.
WoW Forever Has a Weekly Quest That Can Reward Up to 100 Gold, and Players Don't Love It
Just a couple days after Blizzard changed the way gold was earned in max-level quests WoW Forever, the company has implemented a weekly quest with loot-box-style gold reward. And players don't love it.
Incoming congressman Bobby Pulido was just one political moment at the Latin Grammys
Bobby Pulido is a member-elect for the U.S. House of Representatives who has also recently won the Latin Grammy for best Tejano album | WBBM Newsradio 780 AM & 105.9 FM
Dodgers notes: Pedro Guerrero, Shohei Ohtani, Yoshinobu Yamamoto
We’ve had a relatively busy last few days, with Shohei Ohtani finishing second in National League MVP voting and climbing up the all-time award share leaderboard, Yoshinobu Yamamoto voted fourth place for the NL Cy Young Award, and old friend Evan Phillips joining the Atlanta Braves bullpen for three years, $35 million, outpacing several contract […]
Julia Bear Named Dean of the Stony Brook University College of Business
Following a competitive national search, Julia Bear, interim dean and professor of organizational behavior, has been named the dean of the Stony Brook University College of Business. Bear has been the college’s interim dean since January 19, 2026. Her appointment is effective Monday, November 16. “During the past year, Julia has led the college forward
A Mysterious Space Object Accelerates Towards Earth as Scientists Debate Its Origin
Yesterday, I tweeted here the headline: “Mysterious space object accelerates towards Earth as scientists debate”. This tweet about the…
Phil Bardsley Reflects on Sunderland’s Memorable League Cup Run
From lifting the Player of the Season award to reaching the 2014 League Cup final, Phil Bardsley looks back on his time at Sunderland. What made those years so special?
Second-Year Rural Health Fund Awards Per Rural Resident Continue to Vary Widely
This analysis describes rural health fund awards in the second year of the program. Awards per rural resident continue to vary widely across states in year two, ranging from less than $100 in twelve states to more than $500 in eight states
Inaugural Eberly Research Excellence and Innovation Awards honor 12 researchers
The Penn State Eberly College of Science honored 12 researchers with inaugural Eberly Research Excellence and Innovation Awards.
Richard Sterban
FILE - The Oak Ridge Boys, from left, Joe Bonsall, Duane Allen, William Lee Golden and Richard Sterban appear at the Grammy Awards with their award for Country Performance by
UFC 334 Bonuses Revealed Following Numbered Event
Following Saturday’s UFC 334 event, the world’s leading MMA promotion announced which fighters received the post-fight bonus awards. UFC 334 took place on Saturday, November 14, at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York. Check out all of the bonus winners following the event below. Fight of the Night ($100,000 to each fighter): […] The post UFC 334 Bonuses Revealed Following Numbered Event appeared first on HEAVY.
How Nvidia Can Move Forward Without Its Founder
When a celebrated founder leaves abruptly, the board must stabilize the business, communicate clearly, and find a successor who can lead through uncertainty. In this Q&A with Harvard Business Review Senior Editor Juan Martinez, Harvard Business School professor Sandra Sucher discusses the challenges facing Nvidia’s leadership. She explains how directors can demonstrate the company’s capabilities, support investigations, and help employees address customers’ concerns. The succession search requires assessing whether internal executives have gained the authority and experience needed for the top job. Sucher also discusses what an outside candidate would need to succeed and how to keep valued executives engaged. Her advice emphasizes honest communication, deliberate leadership development, and giving employees a meaningful role in rebuilding trust across the organization.
Brain Implants Give A.L.S. Patients the Voice to Speak and Sing
In one demonstration, a former singer sang a musical scale. Afterward she cried tears of joy.
The best 'so-bad-they're-good' TV shows, from 'Emily in Paris' to 'Virgin River'
Sometimes TV shows are so good they win Emmy Awards. Sometimes they're so good that they change people's lives or our culture. And sometimes they're so bad we can't stop loving them.
Threats, violence, intimidation: French journalists warn of mounting attacks on press freedom
OP-ED. While numerous political figures have made hostile, even threatening remarks toward the press, 32 journalists' associations condemn the violence that several reporters have suffered at the hands of police. They stress that the fundamental right to information must be protected by law.
Saturday Sports: NFL regular season action; college football playoff format expansion
NPR's Scott Simon and sports writer Howard Bryant discuss the NFL regular season's halfway point and the expansion of college football's playoff format.
Oscar nominee Sophie Okonedo reveals roles dried up after Academy Awards, says nomination ‘didn’t matter’
The star of new film “Clarissa” says she “wasn’t even getting auditions” after her 2004 drama “Hotel Rwanda” became an awards hit.
Eberly Research Showcase: Connecting the Dots, from Bonds to Orbits
The Eberly Research Showcase: Connecting the Dots, from Bonds to Orbits, organized by graduate students from across the Penn State Eberly College of Science on Nov. 6, featured poster presentations and podium and lighting talks from over 20 graduate students and postdoctoral scholars.
Glenn Close and Ridley Scott to get honorary Oscars at Governors Awards
Glenn Close will finally hold an Oscar and make an acceptance speech after eight nominations without a win | KCBS All News 106.9FM and 740AM
Britney Pai Joins Clio Awards 2027 Branded Entertainment & Content Jury
Britney leads the dentsu Sports & Entertainment team in Greater North Asia
The science behind fall’s brilliant sunrises and sunsets
As autumn settles across the landscape, the changing leaves are not the only source of brilliant reds, oranges, and golds. Look toward the horizon during the early morning or late
Richard Sterban, member of the celebrated country and gospel group The Oak Ridge Boys, dies at 83
Richard Sterban, the bass vocalist of the Grammy-award winning gospel quartet The Oak Ridge Boys and a country music hall of famer, has died | 830 WCCO
Where to Watch the 2026 Nickelodeon Kids’ Choice Awards for Free Online
The annual awards show will take place in Los Angeles on Saturday, Nov. 14, from 5:00 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. PT, with several streaming platforms offering free trials for viewers at home.
Andorra goalkeeper Jesus Owono hit with 12-match ban after tragic collision leads to death of Tenerife striker Jesus de Miguel
The Royal Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) has handed a 12-match suspension to Andorra goalkeeper Jesus Owono following a devastating on-field incident that resulted in the death of a fellow professional. The disciplinary action comes ten days after Tenerife forward Jesus de Miguel tragically passed away.
Brain Implants Give A.L.S. Patients the Voice to Speak and Sing
In one demonstration, a former singer sang a musical scale. Afterward she cried tears of joy.
US thrash Haiti as Pochettino prepares for farewell
The United States thrashed Haiti 6-0 to surge towards the CONCACAF Nations League semi-finals on Saturday as Mauricio Pochettino's penultimate game in charge ended in an emphatic victory.But there was little sign that news of Pochettino's exit had disturbed US preparations as they demolished World Cup qualifiers Haiti to deliver the biggest victory of the Argentine coach's two-year reign.
Sailing toward its 10th year in business, Pa. winery ‘finally’ shipping to its club members
Pray Tell Wines, the producer with Philly roots that debuted in Oregon and then moved back home several years ago, had some good news to share in an email earlier this week. Founder Tom Caruso said that he was writing to tell his customers that the winery was “finally” shipping its wine club across 38 states. “I've had the privilege of working with some amazing wineries prior to starting Pray Tell and I've always work-shopped ways I would build our own club,” he wrote. “Seeing it come to fruition at our cellar door in Philadelphia these past two years has been a remarkable privilege. A local community of folks, many of whom come by weekly for a glass of wine and a conversation, has been what I've always dreamt of -- A Cheers bar for the wine fan. “But the gifts of proximity,” the email continued, “have also left us fully incommunicado with so many who have supported us over the years. You’ve likely realized by now, as the shelves of Pray Tell at your local shop have run dry, that we stopped all distribution. As a winery producing less than two thousand cases a year, we wanted to be able to keep up with the demands close to home. But we’ve been working hard to build a cellar and club that we think is something particularly special - Wines for our club. Just for our club. It’s some of our best work to date.” Club members get six different bottles of wine in each of the May and November shipments, and also access to purchase more from it club exclusive list (featuring library wines and past club-only wines). The winery, located on the border of the Olde Kensington and Fishtown neighborhoods at 1615 N. Hancock St. and operating inside a renovated warehouse space, is open to the public Thursdays through Saturdays from 3 to 8 p.m. as well as by appointment or for special events. There is a free private parking lot for guests. Caruso operates the winery with Sydney Adams, who among other things assists with the winemaking. For inquiries about private tastings or events, send an email to sydney@praytellwines.com.
Bessent blames Lutnick's Commerce Department for not restricting Nvidia chips to China
Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick has come under increasing scrutiny because of his reportedly close relationship with Jensen Huang.
2026 Prescott Chamber Business Awards Pictures
Photos from the 2026 Prescott Chamber Business Awards Breakfast are here! 2026 Prescott Chamber Business Awards Pictures
Science got a lifeline: Now comes the hard part.
One of the most maddening things that has happened in the last two years of Trump 2.0 has been the gutting of medical research. Since losing my husband to colon cancer and my sister to pancreatic cancer, as well as many friends to various cancers and other diseases, supporting science and scientists has become a mission for me. That’s one reason I co-founded Stand Up To Cancer in 2008 — to raise money and awareness for cancer research and encourage scientists to collaborate instead of compete, which was a novel idea back then. If two heads were better than one, we reckoned that ten heads were better than two. So we organized our scientists and researchers into “dream teams” where they could share ideas and approaches and move science forward faster. Our work has been fruitful — we have raised over $800 million, and our research has contributed to several new FDA-approved drugs, like Keytruda. But I know very well that we have miles to go before we sleep and so much work to do when it comes to all kinds of diseases that take the lives of far too many Americans every year — often in the prime of their lives. So when the Trump administration started cutting our scientific infrastructure, it made me crazy. Clinical trials were stopped midstream, labs were abandoned, Ph.D. programs were dismantled, and talented scientists with potentially lifesaving ideas were left unfunded and dejected. In fact, many left their fields altogether or moved to countries where their work would be more valued and supported, financially and otherwise. That’s why, amid all the post-election analysis, I’ve been especially interested in what the midterms could mean for the future of American science. With Democrats winning both chambers of Congress, there’s finally an opportunity to push back against the Trump administration’s attacks on scientific research and public health. Will anything change now that a whole slew of new sheriffs is in town? My friend Dr. Jeremy Faust recently posed this question to a group of physicians, researchers, and health policy experts for his newsletter, Inside Medicine: What could the new Congress realistically accomplish with President Trump still in the White House? Jeremy asked me, too.
Mysterious space object accelerates toward Earth as scientists debate
Harvard professor of science Avi Loeb joins 'America Reports' to discuss a mysterious object in space accelerating as it nears Earth.
After 8 nominations without a win, Glenn Close is 'overwhelmed' by honorary Oscar
Glenn Close is receiving an honorary Oscar on Sunday at the Governors Awards | WBBM Newsradio 780 AM & 105.9 FM
Why the Democrats are rethinking their politics
I want to start by talking about a Democratic loss from the midterms. Subscribe Florida was once a swing state that the outgoing governor, Ron DeSantis, said was now “off the board. It is a Republican state”. Yet Democrat Senate candidate Angie Nixon, pictured below, only lost by three percentage points. But what if the Democrats had won? Nixon was not the preferred establishment candidate and accused Democrat HQ of not sending enough money. I bring up Nixon’s “beef” because it gets to the heart of the debate about the way forward for the party when it is in control of the House and Senate come January. You’re reading InDepth: A weekly long read from Channel 4 News offering quality analysis and insight, diving deeper beyond the headlines Nixon, a member of the Democratic Socialists of America (DSA), argues that her “progressivism” is popular. The centrists say she never stood a chance in the deep Red of the sunshine state. “The backlash against Trump and the general Blue wave tsunami was big enough that it carried people from all different factions of the party,” says Ben Krauss, from the think tank, Searchlight Institute. With Chris Van Hollen set to challenge leader Chuck Schumer in the Senate - and even some questioning Hakeem Jeffries as Speaker of the House - do the Democrats risk squabbling internally rather than working on their huge mandate? DSA on the rise The DSA has been around since the 1980s, but the last decade has been transformational for the group. In 2018, there was the emergence of Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, and then in 2025 the victory of New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani, pictured below. Both individuals showed the left could challenge the Democratic mainstream with bold new policies. Mamdani spoke of free buses, free childcare and a freeze on rents. While only a few actual DSA members have now been elected to the House, some of the policies they champion are entering the broader mainstream. Medicare for All, a wealth tax on billionaires, raising the minimum wage, changing the US-Israel relationship. Abdul El-Sayed in Michigan and Penny Flanagan in Minnesota both championed Medicare for All and accused Israel of genocide in Gaza, which it denies. Neither are members of the DSA, but the messaging worked, and in the case of El-Sayed, it worked in a swing state. Socialism or populism? Perhaps we’re obsessed with labels rather than policy? Senator Bernie Sanders called the likes of Troy Jackson in Maine simply “progressive”, while his fellow senator Elizabeth Warren described the new intake as “populist economic fighters”. Ben Rhodes, who worked for Barack Obama, described the new governor-elector of Iowa, Rob Sand, pictured below, as a “radical centrist populist”. Matt Bennett of the centrist Democratic group, Third Way, told me: “The term populist has lost all of its meaning. It now applies to everyone. Everyone runs against the establishment. But they’re claiming that people like James Talarico and Adam Hamilton are running as leftists and they’re not. They didn’t run on the Green New Deal or abolishing ICE.” Share Krauss said: “The word that we use is heterodoxy. You can be someone that really goes after billionaires like Talarico, but also you saw him on the southern border doing campaign appearances with sheriffs. Everyone from the left to the moderates cheer that on. So that to me is a pretty remarkable departure from where we were five years ago.” The moderates argument The moderates or centrists, like Bennett, would take us back to the top of this article: Angie Nixon. They contend that the most left-leaning Senate candidates all ran behind the national swing to the Democrats. But what about Nixon’s argument about a lack of funds? “The reason that we didn’t have the resources to invest in Florida is because we had to put so much goddamn money into Michigan, a state that we should have won easily,” said Bennett. He added: “I believe if she had run more like Troy Jackson as ‘I’m a capitalist, but I’m progressive’, I think she would have had a shot at winning.” [ ](https://channel4news.substack.com/p/explained-why-democrat-scott-coloms) [ Explained: Why Democrat Scott Colom's Senate win is 'historic' ](https://channel4news.substack.com/p/explained-why-democrat-scott-coloms) Kiran Moodley · Nov 12 [ Read full story ](https://channel4news.substack.com/p/explained-why-democrat-scott-coloms) Still, with El-Sayed, a win is a win, right? Mamdani told The New Yorker: “I’ve often heard that the kind of politics that we’re fighting for isn’t possible outside of New York. Tuesday proved just how wrong that was.” Share Channel 4 News Indeed, Krauss’ point is how the left and the moderates are now taking notes from each other. Talarico advocates for universal healthcare, and while he may not have called for Bernie’s $20 minimum wage, he wants $15. Can they meet in the middle? So there is actually a common thread here. From Sanders to Sand, Democrats stopped focusing on culture wars and more on economic wars. Gina Hinojosa, the next governor of Texas, was pressed on the issue of “progressivism” by The New York Times and turned it around to say the real issue was: “We are facing an almost existential crisis in this country because tech giants are having their way with us.” [ ](https://channel4news.substack.com/p/why-voters-punished-trump-and-the) [ Why voters punished Trump and the Republicans in the midterms ](https://channel4news.substack.com/p/why-voters-punished-trump-and-the) Anushka Asthana · Nov 4 [ Read full story ](https://channel4news.substack.com/p/why-voters-punished-trump-and-the) Krauss said: “Everyone talked about tariffs. Everyone talked about the Iran war. People leaned into very populist themes about corporations, about making the wealthy pay their fair share. Pro-Israel thinking is not as common in the Democratic party as it once was.” The way forward - realignment? Two big questions then. Can the Democrats get anything passed to make meaningful change and does the broad sweep of victories indicate a significant shift in US politics? I spoke to Professor Charles Bullock, at the University of Georgia, and he said that the Democrats may want to shore up their numbers - especially in the Senate - in 2028 before doing that. “Look at the changes LBJ got through… or FDR. Under those circumstances, what you had were Democratic majorities of two to one in both chambers. If you got that, then sure, you can go very far left.” With the Democrats winning votes in the South, have they broadened their coalition permanently to levels not seen for decades? Bullock notes that the US has not had three one-term presidencies in a row since periods in the middle and late 19th century. “What happened to end that series of one-term presidencies? We had a major realignment. We also during those periods had very evenly divided Congresses. “So is this a prelude to that? I don’t know, but it could be.” Thanks for reading the latest edition of our InDepth newsletter. Subscribe below to keep up to date with Channel 4 News on Substack. Subscribe Share Channel 4 News Leave a comment
Raiders’ Future With Maxx Crosby Gets Major Insider Update
The Las Vegas Raiders continued forward with superstar pass rusher Maxx Crosby on the roster through the 2026 NFL trade deadline. Despite more swirling rumors, Crosby remains with the only franchise he has ever played for since being drafted in 2019. Crosby was traded during the offseason. The Raiders agreed to a trade with the […] The post Raiders’ Future With Maxx Crosby Gets Major Insider Update appeared first on Gridiron Heroics.
Glenn Close and Ridley Scott to get honorary Oscars at Governors Awards
Glenn Close will finally hold an Oscar and make an acceptance speech after eight nominations without a win | WWJ Newsradio 950
Richard Sterban, member of the celebrated country and gospel group The Oak Ridge Boys, dies at 83
Richard Sterban, the bass vocalist of the Grammy-award winning gospel quartet The Oak Ridge Boys and a country music hall of famer, has died | WBBM Newsradio 780 AM & 105.9 FM
Howard Lutnick Needs Friends After Spending Two Years Making Enemies | WSJ Politics Newsletter for Nov. 13
Plus, Trump tells Vance to focus on domestic issues, and a U.S. Army officer is identified after an arrest in the U.K. for alleged Russian spying.
Xbox Confirms Wolfenstein 3 Coming Soon and Id Software Teases Next Doom Game
It's been a busy week at Xbox Game Studios, with the gaming giant celebrating its 25th anniversary with a slew of new additions to its Xbox Backwards Compatibility on PC program, but it seems as though Xbox CEO, Asha Sharma, had one more trick up her sleeve, announcing late on November 12 that...
Communist Party Politics, Rockets and Komsomol Business in Soviet Dnipropetrovsk
This is an excerpt from Ukraine’s Outpost: Dnipropetrovsk and the Russian-Ukrainian War (2022). Free to download from E-International Relations. The Ukrainian city of Dnipropetrovsk (in 2016 the city was renamed Dnipro) was shown on a movie screen in the Soviet Union for the first time in 1981 as a ‘Russian-speaking’ city in Nikita Mikhalkov’s feature film Rodnia. A story of a Russian peasant woman who visited her daughter in the big industrial city was used by Mikhalkov in his movie to emphasise a growing crisis in Soviet family life during the Brezhnev era when former Russian peasants lost their Orthodox Christian identity during the process of socialist industrialisation and modernisation. Paradoxically, Mikhalkov completely ignored the real social and national problems of the city; instead choosing as the setting for his movie Russian peasants’ adjustment to Soviet modernisation. Even now many Russians use this film as evidence of the ‘Russian character’ of Dnipropetrovsk ignoring the real demographic and social history of this Ukrainian region (Elberg-Wilson 2016).[1] Despite Mikhalkov’s picture, the city of Dnipro and the Dnipropetrovsk region had a multi-national and multi-cultural character coupled with the strong influence of Ukrainian and Jewish culture. Get E-International Relations delivered to your inbox, free. As you sign up, consider becoming a paid subscriber, or make a donation, to support our work. Subscribe Using various archival and published documents, this chapter will cover the social, economic and cultural development of the city and the region of Dnipropetrovsk through the period of late socialism after Stalin, showing the ties between the multi-national Komsomol members and business ventures during perestroika and how this influenced the rise of oligarchic clans in post-Soviet Ukraine. Emergence of Soviet Dnipropetrovsk Paradoxically, from the early beginning, the founding of the ‘city of Catherine’s glory’ (Ekaterinoslav in Russian) and its province in 1776 by the Russian imperial administration of the Catherine the Second involved non-Russian ethnic groups, which shaped a historical demography of this region in Southern Ukraine. These ethnic groups included the local Ukrainian Orthodox Christian peasants and Cossacks, Jewish traders and artisans, Armenian Christians, and Tatar Muslim settlers. By the middle of the nineteenth century, thousands of German Protestant and Mennonite colonists also settled in the province. Moreover, by attracting foreign capital, the Russian imperial administration transformed this multi-ethnic and multi-religious region in the booming industrial centre of the Russian Empire by the beginning of twentieth century (Zhuk 2004, 33–96). After the Russian Revolution and civil war, the province of Ekaterinoslav continued to play an important role in the industrial development of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1926 the Soviet administration decided to change the name of Ekaterinoslav which sounded too ‘old fashioned’ and ‘imperial Russian.’ The new name was a combination of the name of the Dnipro River with the last name of Grigorii Petrovskii, head of the All-Ukrainian Executive Committee of the Soviets, and well-known organiser of the working-class movement in the region of Ekaterinoslav before the Revolution. ‘Dnipro-Petrovske’ was later transformed into ‘Dnipropetrovsk’ (Bolebrukh 2001, 156). Both the city and region of Dnipropetrovsk lived through the New Economic Policy (N.E.P.), industrialisation and the Stakhanovite movement. The region lost millions of human lives during collectivisation and the dekulakisation campaign, and especially during the Holodomor of 1932–33. During industrialisation, the Soviet government restored the industrial base of the region. Former metallurgical giants such as the Petrovskii (formerly Brianskii)plant, the Chodoir (formerly Vladimir Lenin) plant and others resumed production of pig iron and steel. During the 1930s, Dnipropetrovsk became an important centre for Soviet heavy industry. In 1932, Dnipropetrovsk regional metallurgical plants produced 20 per cent of the entire cast iron and 25 per cent of the steel manufactured in the Soviet Ukrainian Republic. After the beginning of the campaign of ‘Ukrainianisation’ in 1923, the number of those who spoke Ukrainian grew, reaching 38.5 per cent in the city by the end of the 1920s. Between 1932 and 1939, the number of city dwellers in Dnipropetrovsk increased to over 500,662. The Dnipropetrovsk region became the most urbanised of Soviet Ukraine with more than 2,273,000 people living in the region (Vasiliev 1977, 55; Bolebrukh 2001, 159–164). Dnipropetrovsk also became the cultural and educational centre of Soviet Ukraine. There were ten colleges, including the State University, 97 secondary schools and 19 vocational schools. The Soviet administration restored local drama and music theatres. During the 1930s, Dnipropetrovsk had 120 libraries, five museums, six movie-theatres, 30 clubs and palaces of culture (Bolebrukh 2001_,_159–164). The Leonid Brezhnev Clan Post-war Soviet modernisation influenced the careers of many young and ambitious Komsomol members in the region. One of them, Leonid Brezhnev, was born in 1906 in Kamenskoe, joined the Kommunystycheskaya Partyya Sovetskoho Soyuza (Communist party of the Soviet Union - KPSS) in 1931 and, after graduation from Dniprodzerzhinsk Metallurgical Institute was elected as a council deputy of the city of Dniprodzerzhinsk. The Stalinist purges of the 1930s removed many old Soviet and Communist officials from government positions who perished in prisons and the labour camps of GULAG. Young people such as Brezhnev filled the void created by Stalinist repressions in the region. In 1938, the young Brezhnev was elected as a member of the regional committee of the Soviet Communist party of Ukraine (KPU) and head of the Department of Agitation and Propaganda. By the young age of 32, Brezhnev had become secretary of the KPU committee of the most important industrial region of Soviet Ukraine. His career was interrupted by the Great Patriotic War when Brezhnev joined the army as an ideological officer (see Mlechin 2005). From August 1941 to October 1943, the Dnipropetrovsk region was occupied by the Nazis, and Soviet troops liberated the entire region by February 1944 (Berkhoff 2004, 11, 36, 49, 149–150, 152–153, 248–249). The Soviet administration restored the industrial base of Dnipropetrovsk, and by 1950 the main metallurgical and machine-building factories had reached their pre-war levels of industrial production and productivity. During this period, Brezhnev began his political career as a talented and ambitious organizer of the industrial re-birth of Dnipropetrovsk. He was an experienced young army ideologist who had proved his loyalty to the Stalinist leadership during the war and was familiar with Dnipropetrovsk before 1941. The Central Committee of the KPSS sent Brezhnev to Dnipropetrovsk in November 1947 when he was elected first secretary of the Dnipropetrovsk regional committee of the KPU, and he ruled the oblast until June 1950 (Vosstanovlenie). His successors were Andrei Kirilenko and Volodymyr Shcherbitskyy, both close friends. Two other young comrades of Brezhnev, Oleksiy Vatchenko and Yevhen Kachalovskii led the region respectively in 1965–1976 and 1976–1983 (Vasiliev 1977, 72; Bolebrukh 2001_,_ 233; Mlechin 2005). Brezhnev promoted the political career of his old friends, many of whom became prominent political figures in Kyiv and Moscow during his leadership of the KPSS. Both contemporaries and scholars who study the ‘Brezhnev period’ call this phenomenon the ‘Dnipropetrovsk mafia’ or rule of the ‘Dnipropetrovsk Family’ (Nahaylo 1999, 36, 69; Wilson 2000, 162). Since the rise of Brezhnev to the pinnacle of Soviet power, the ruling elites of Dnipropetrovsk influenced not only regional, but also republican and All-Union politics. Dnipropetrovsk’s transformation into an important centre of the Soviet military industrial complex was directly related to the sudden rise of Brezhnev to the pinnacle of Soviet power in October of 1964. Brezhnev promoted the political career of his compatriots from the Dnipropetrovsk military industrial complex. Brezhnev’s friends and close colleagues from his post-war years in the Dnipropetrovsk region went to Moscow and became prominent political figures in the Soviet nomenklatura hierarchy during the 1960s and 1970s. Two main industries of the Soviet military industrial complex – metallurgy and missile-building – had important factories in Dnipropetrovsk and therefore provided the Brezhnev clan with new members from 1964 until 1982. Even after the downfall of the Brezhnev clan in Moscow in 1983, when Yurii Andropov began his struggle ‘against corruption and nepotism’ in the Soviet nomenklatura, members of this clan continued to play a prominent role in the political life of Soviet Ukraine. Besides the Physical-Technical Department of Dnipropetrovsk State University, the Dnipropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute also assisted the political careers of many of Brezhnev’s close friends who in the 1970s and 1980s became important members of the Kremlin nomenklatura. Nikolai Tikhonov, former head of Dnipropetrovsk Sovnarkhoz during the 1950s, was one of the deputies of the Soviet Prime Minister between 1966 and 1976, First Deputy of the Prime Minister from 1976 to 1980 and head of the USSR Council of Ministers from 1980 to 1985.[2] Nikolai Shcholokov was the Soviet Minister of Public Order in 1966–1968 and from 1968 to 1982 he was Soviet Minister of Interior. Georgii Tsynev was during 1971–1976 a member of the Central Revision Committee of the KPSS and a deputy head of the KGB from 1970 to 1982. In the KGB he was the 1st Deputy Chairman in 1982–1985 as well as he was a Candidate Member of CPSU Central Committee in 1976–1981 and accordingly was a full Member of the said body in 1981–1986. Victor Chebrikov, who graduated from Dnipropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute in 1950, was one of the leaders of the city party organisation in Dnipropetrovsk from 1961 to 1971. In 1971 he became the head of the personnel department of the USSR KGB, First Deputy of the Head of this organization and from 1982 to 1988 a chairman of the KGB (Pikhovshek 1996, 11–12, 272–274). Another of Brezhnev’s close friends, Volodymyr Shcherbytskyy, promoted the careers of other people from the region of Dnipropetrovsk. With his support, Oleksii Vatchenko became the head of the Presidium of the Ukrainian Soviet Supreme Soviet from 1976 until 1984 with the assistance of another politician from Dnipropetrovsk, Valentyna Shevchenko. Aleksandr Kapto, who worked as a secretary of both the Dnipropetrovsk Komsomol organization and the Soviet Ukrainian Komsomol in Kyiv in the 1960s, oversaw the Department of Culture in the Central Committee of the KPU; in 1979–1986 he was a Secretary of the Central Committee and accordingly was the main ideologist of the Soviet Ukraine. Many other members of the ‘Kyiv ruling class’ under Shcherbytskyy were also linked to the Dnipropetrovsk metallurgical and military lobby. Shcherbytskyy’s assistant from 1972 to 1984 was Konstantin Prodan who began his career in the Komsomol organisation of the city of Dnipropetrovsk (Pikhovshek 1996, 48–103). As a contemporary political analyst noted, ‘Officially Prodan was put in charge of industrial production, though, according to insiders of the former KPU Central Committee, his principal function was ‘maintaining’ contact with Brezhnev’s assistant Georgii Tsukanov in Moscow’ (Pikhovshek 1996, 33–34). Another important reason for the rise of the ‘Brezhnev Clan’ was the relative independence of Dnipropetrovsk’s local administration from Kyiv. Because of the status of Dnipropetrovsk as a ‘strategically important centre for military industry,’ different branches of the local administration were under the direct supervision of Moscow, rather than Kyiv (Interviews with Tihipko, Markov and Bocharova). The Military Industrial Complex and Ruling Elite of Dnipropetrovsk The city of Dnipropetrovsk was the location of famous metallurgical and machine-building factories in pre-revolutionary Russia and the Soviet Union. Before 1941, Dnipropetrovsk became the most urbanised region of the Soviet Ukraine. Almost 53 per cent of this region’s population lived in 16 cities and towns of the region (Vasiliev 1977, 55; Bolebrukh 2001, 159–164). In 1980, the industrial enterprises of Dnipropetrovsk manufactured a significant part of the industrial products and customer goods for the Soviet Ukrainian Republic. A total of 5.4 per cent of steel, 9 per cent of rolled iron, 28 per cent of pipes, 62 per cent of combine beet-harvesters, 27.9 per cent of television sets, and 8.5 per cent of knitted wear in Ukraine were produced in the city of Dnipropetrovsk (Bolebrukh 2001, 219). After 1945, the main centre of economic and financial activities of the region and the city of Dnipropetrovsk became neither metallurgy nor mining. The new centre which changed the status of the region and of the city was a secret military factory in Dnipropetrovsk. The entire ideological and cultural situation in the region, and especially the city, depended on this one industrial plant which became the most important part of the Soviet military industrial complex. In July 1944, the State Committee of Defence in Moscow decided to build a large military machine-building factory in Dnipropetrovsk on the location of the pre-war aircraft plant. In December 1945, thousands of German prisoners of war began construction and built the first sections and shops of the new Dnipropetrovsk Automobile Factory (Markov, 1995). In 1947–1948 this factory produced its first cars and special military vehicles. However, on 9 May 1951 the USSR Council of Ministers decided to transform the main shops and sectors of this factory into ‘secret production’ which included not only special military vehicles, but also powerful rocket engines and different types of modern military aircraft. The former Dnipropetrovsk Automobile Factory was transferred to the Ministry of Armament of the USSR and received a new name – the State Union Plant #586 (Lukanov 1996, 12). Stalin introduced the organisation of special secret training of highly qualified engineers and scientists who were to become rocket construction specialists. He recommended the introduction of a new college degree at Dnipropetrovsk State University which would be a Master of Sciences in rocket construction. In 1952 the university administration formed a new department with the name ‘physical-technical faculty’ which was the largest department at the university, admitting on average four hundred students each year. These students received better accommodation and a higher stipend payment than students from other departments and colleges; the lowest stipend for this department was 450 roubles, while the highest stipend at another prestigious school, the Dnipropetrovsk Medical Institute, was only 180 roubles. A special commission from Moscow selected talented undergraduate students studying physics from engineering schools all over the USSR and sent them to the physical-technical department at Dnipropetrovsk State University, where they resumed their studies as rocket engineers. Simultaneously, the university administration announced the admission of new freshmen students in this department. The promise of a good stipend and a ‘romantic’ career of rocket engineer attracted thousands of talented young people to this ‘secret’ department, which provided training specialists for only the Dnipropetrovsk Automobile Factory (Horbulin 1998, 9, 62–63). In accordance with another decision of the Soviet government, in 1954 the administration of this automobile factory opened a secret design office with the name ‘Southern Construction Bureau’ (konstruktorskoe biuro Yuzhnoe). The main assignment of this office was to construct military missiles and rocket engines. Hundreds of talented physicists, engineers and machine designers moved from Moscow and other big cities in the Soviet Union to Dnipropetrovsk where they joined the konstruktorskoe biuro Yuzhnoe (KBYu). In 1965, the secret Plant #586 was transferred to the Ministry of General Machine-Building of the USSR and the next year it changed its name into the ‘Southern Machine-building Factory’ (Yuzhnyi mashino-stroitelnyi zavod) or simply Yuzhmash (in Ukrainian Pivdenmash). The first ‘General Constructor’ and head of the ‘Southern’ design office was Mikhail Yangel, a prominent scientist and outstanding designer of space rockets who led the design office and factory from 1954 to 1971. Yangel designed the first powerful rockets and space military equipment for the Soviet Ministry of Defence. Yangel worked with talented engineers who later became the leaders of military production in Dnipropetrovsk and the official directors of Pivdenmash. Two close collaborators of Yangel were the Pivdenmash directors Leonid Smirnov (1952–1961) and Aleksandr Makarov (1961–1986). Makarov’s successor was Leonid Kuchma, the Director General of the Pivdenmash in 1986–1992, who later became one of the most prominent political leaders in independent Ukraine and was and still is the only President of Ukraine (1994–2005) elected twice (Strazheva; Platonov and Horbulin; Romanov and Gubarev; Baikonur; Baikonur, Korolev, Yangel). In 1951 the Southern Machine-building Factory began manufacturing and testing new military rockets with an initial range of only 270 kilometres. By 1959 Soviet scientists and engineers developed new technologies, and as a result, the KBYu launched a new machine-building project producing ballistic missiles. Under Yangel, KBYu produced very powerful rocket engines which dramatically increased the range of ballistic missiles and from the 1960s, began to be used as launch vehicles for Soviet spaceships. Pivdenmash designed and manufactured four generations of missile complexes which included space launch vehicles Kosmos, Interkosmos, Tsyklon-2, Tsyklon-3 and Zenith. The KBYu created a unique space-rocket system called Energia-Buran and manufactured 400 technical devices which were launched as artificial satellites (Sputniks). For the first time in the world space industry, the Dnipropetrovsk missile plant produced space Sputniks. By the 1980s, Pivdenmash manufactured 67 different types of spaceships, 12 space research complexes and four defence space rocket systems. These systems were used not only for purely military purposes by the Ministry of Defence, but also for astronomical research, for global radio and television and for environmental monitoring. Pivdenmash initiated and sponsored the international space programme of Eastern European socialist countries, called Interkosmos. Twenty-two of the 25 automatic space Sputniks of this programme were designed, manufactured, and launched by engineers and workers from Dnipropetrovsk. Pivdenmash and KBYu became not only an important centre of the Soviet space industry and Soviet military industrial complex, but also the main rocket producer for the entire Soviet bloc. (Hall and Shayler 2001, 316ff; Siddiqi 2003, 97, 113, 114, 164, 177, 285) The military rocket systems manufactured in Dnipropetrovsk created the base for the Soviet Strategic Missile Forces (Dnepropetrovskii raketno 1994; Bolebrukh 2001_,_ 209–211, 229; Lukanov 1996, 13). On the eve of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, KBYu had nine regular and corresponding members of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, 33 full professors and 290 scientists holding a Ph.D. More than 50,000 people worked at Pivdenmash. Pivdenmash was ‘a state’ inside the Soviet state. In 1969, after a long competition with Moscow’s V. Chelomei Centre of Rocket Construction, Pivdenmash rocket designs won, and from then leaders of the Soviet military industrial complex preferred only Pivdenmash models. The Soviet state provided billions of Soviet roubles to finance Pivdenmash projects (Horbulin 1998, 6, 24–31). Officially, Pivdenmash also manufactured agricultural tractors and special kitchen equipment for everyday needs, such as mincing machines or juicers for Soviet households. In official reports and public information there were no details given about its production of rockets or spaceships. However, hundreds of thousands of workers and engineers in the city of Dnipropetrovsk were employees of this plant, and members of their families and therefore most local people knew about the ‘real production’ of Pivdenmash. Dnipropetrovsk as a KGB “Testing Ground” The Soviet government approved the KGB’s proposal to introduce the highest level of secrecy over Pivdenmash and its products. According to the Soviet government’s decision, the city of Dnipropetrovsk was officially closed to foreign visitors in 1959. No citizen of a foreign country (even Eastern European socialist) was allowed to visit the city or district of Dnipropetrovsk. From the late 1950s, Soviet people called Dnipropetrovsk ‘the rocket city’ or ‘closed city.’ (Bolebrukh 2001, 211). Members of the Brezhnev clan in the Moscow offices of the KGB and Ministry of Interior also contributed to centralised ideological control in Dnipropetrovsk, which especially influenced the KGB and security operations in the closed city. The local KGB office was always more Moscow-oriented, ignoring the interests of the authorities in Kyiv. At the same time, for Moscow officials who began their careers in Dnipropetrovsk, the city became the testing ground for many All-Union KGB campaigns which they attempted to initiate. Dnipropetrovsk KGB officers were ‘pioneers’ in the organisation of ideological campaigns which became ‘models’ for other ‘closed’ industrial Soviet cities. [This phrase – ‘pioneers of ideological campaigns’ – belongs to a local retired KGB officer. According to the KGB documents, Moscow’s representatives in the Dnipropetrovsk clan always interfered in local KGB business, imposing their own practices on the local officers.] (Igor T.; DADO, f. 19, op. 52, spr. 72, ark. 1–18) As a result, the inhabitants of Dnipropetrovsk experienced more ideological limitations and more brutal anti-Western campaigns than people in many other Soviet cities. Facing direct Kremlin supervision, the local KGB and KPSS ideologists sought to prove their ideological reliability and occasionally exaggerated the ‘threat from the capitalist West.’ KGB officers transformed one building in the Dnipropetrovsk Special Psychiatric Hospital (psikhushka), located in a town of Ihren (now a suburban district of Dnipro), into a special police facility for ‘political dissidents.’ All over the Soviet Union, Ihren psikhushka (especially its Section 9) became notorious and known as the worst incarceration for political prisoners. The Dnipropetrovsk KGB tested various drugs on prisoners and performed different medical experiments, treating the most ‘opinionated’ political dissidents as mentally sick patients. Many religious and civil rights activists and ‘bourgeois nationalists,’ such as national communist dissident Leonid Plyushch, described the Dnipropetrovsk Psychiatric Hospital as ‘mental hell’ because of its police system of harsh treatment and everyday humiliation (Plyushch 1979, 304–326, 340–349). Meanwhile, local KGB officers explained their harsh treatment of dissidents such as Plyushch as an ideological necessity to protect a strategically important centre of the Soviet military industrial complex (Igor T). Growth of the Population and Standards of Living in the Region The new status of the city brought more state investments and contributed to the overall improvement of the standard of living of its inhabitants. During the 1950s, the main sponsor of city improvements and renovations was the metallurgical industry. During the 1960s and 1970s, the space rocket industry and its biggest factory, Pivdenmash, sponsored all major city programmes, renovations and new architectural projects which included the sports palace Meteor with a large indoor pool, football team Dnipro, city airport, city theatre of opera and ballet, historical museum of Yavornitskii, department store ‘Children’s World,’ construction of thousands of modern apartments, libraries and movie-theatres, and celebrations of the 200th anniversary of the city of Dnipropetrovsk in 1976. (Bolebrukh 2001_,_ 211–212). Even the expansion and renovation of the Dnipropetrovsk Central Farmer Market (known as Oziorka) was supported by Pivdenmash as part of its improvement of the city’s life, and a reflection of the growth and strategic importance of the city. From 1958 to 1965 the city administration invested money in building a new covered location for the market and by 1970 they had re-built the entire neighbourhood transforming it into a modern and convenient place for the ‘socialist consumption of goods and services.’ (Lazebnik 2001, 167–185) As a result, the missile factory, the centre of the Soviet military industrial complex, contributed to a new level of cultural consumption among not only the city’s dwellers, but also among all guests of Dnipropetrovsk. Consequently, the pioneering efforts in the popularisation of new modern forms of Western music such as jazz and rock-n-roll also began among engineers and workers of Pivdenmash who contributed to the spread of new cultural forms and activities among those who lived in the city and region of Dnipropetrovsk. The improving living conditions in Dnipropetrovsk led to an increase of the regional population from 2,339,800 people (with a 56 per cent urban population) in 1951 to 2,850,700 (with a 72 per cent urban population) in 1961. The larger salaries and better distribution of food and industrial goods also attracted young people from other regions of the Soviet Union to Dnipropetrovsk. From the 1950s onward, most of the Dnipropetrovsk population were people younger than 30 years old. In 1970 there were 3,343,000 people in the region (76 per cent of who lived in cities) which by 1984 had increased to 3,771,200 people (with 83 per cent urban population). The population of the city of Dnipropetrovsk grew from 660,800 people in 1959 to 1,066,000 in 1979 and more than 1,153,400 people in 1985 when Gorbachev came to power (Glushkina 1985, 10, 11). The Dnipropetrovsk region had a young multinational, predominantly Russian speaking population. Three major ethnic groups shaped the cultural development of the region – Ukrainians, Russians, and Jews. During the peak of ‘international harmony and prosperity of developed socialism’ in 1979, Ukrainians made up the overwhelming majority of the regional (72.8 per cent) and urban (68.5 per cent) population. Due to massive emigration from the Soviet Union, the Jewish population decreased from 2.7 per cent in 1959 to 1.7 per cent in 1979 and 1.3 per cent in 1989. The number of Russians in the region’s population grew rapidly from 17.2 per cent in 1959, 20.9 per cent in 1970, 23 per cent in 1979 and 24.2 per cent in 1989 (O vozrastnoi structure 1971; Goskomstat USSR 1991, 100, 102). By 1985, more than a third of the population in the city of Dnipropetrovsk was ethnically Russian. If we add to this number the 3.2 per cent of Russian-speaking Jews and more than 33 per cent of Ukrainians who considered Russian their native language, we will have more than two thirds of the city’s population who associated themselves with Russian rather than with Ukrainian culture. According to contemporaries, the high salaries and better conditions of living attracted representatives of various nationalities from different republics who also spoke Russian rather than the Ukrainian language in Dnipropetrovsk (Goskomstat USSR 1991, 106, 108, 119, 122; Prudchenko and Smolenska 2007). Komsomol ‘Business’ During the Late Soviet Era The regional economic activities of local ‘businessmen and women’ from the Komsomol during perestroika had their roots in the pre-perestroika era. They also strengthened trends for independence from Moscow which had earlier existed in Dnipropetrovsk. All the elements of their initial business had already been developed during the Brezhnev era when the cultural consumption of late socialism combined the structures of Soviet international tourism with the ideological efforts of Komsomol activists into one business network. Mass rock and discotheque music consumption among Soviet youth was delivered by Komsomol and trade union apparatchiks. International tourism and discotheque enthusiasts provided these apparatchiks with music and video material for their entertainment business. Without these relations it would be impossible to imagine the development of post-Soviet capitalism. The first pioneers of organizing Komsomol business in the region were two graduates of Dnipropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute, the Ukrainian-Moldovan Sergiy Tihipko, the First Secretary of the Dnipropetrovsk Komsomol regional organization in 1986–91, and the Ukrainian Oleksandr Turchynov, who worked with Tihipko as head of the agitation and propaganda division in the same Komsomol regional organisation in 1987–90. Tihipko and Turchynov initiated and ‘ideologically justified’ the first Komsomol businesses in the region. Two other Komsomol members, who also graduated from the same institute as Tihipko and Turchynov, Kolomoyskyy and Viktor Pinchuk, both of Jewish origin, started their careers not in the official Komsomol business, but on the black market of Dnipropetrovsk, trading various goods, and using their financial and engineering skills for their own survival in the conditions of economic collapse of late socialism. Kolomoyskyy used his financial skills and connections with Tihipko to organize its own financial corporation Privatbank, which became the most successful bank in post-Soviet Ukraine. Pinchuk, using his engineering and managerial skills, founded his own metallurgical venture, entitled Interpipe Company. It is noteworthy that all four of those Komsomol members, two Ukrainian and two Jewish, used their personal connections through their friends and partners from Pivdenmash, including through its last director Leonid Kuchma, to start their first businesses in Dnipropetrovsk (see Golovko 2012). In the mid-1980s, when perestroika created favourable conditions for the managerial skills of Komsomol activists, this system produced new activities for cultural consumption, such as video salons which brought their organisers more profits than traditional discotheque clubs. The video business used the same infrastructure and network of the discotheque movement; namely international tourism, Komsomol activists, trade union leaders and the ‘discotheque mafia.’ This network contributed to the business career of two fans of Western popular music, Yulia Tymoshenko and her husband, Oleksandr (Popov, Milshtein, 55; Ponamarchuk). Yulia Grigian (Telegina) was the daughter of Armenian taxi-driver Grigian and Russian technical worker Telegina, a fan of British rock music. Yulia Grigian married Oleksandr Tymoshenko, son of a member of the city KPU committee in the Pivdenmash administration. In 1978, Yulia Tymoshenko joined the student Komsomol organization in the Department of Economy at Dnipropetrovsk State University. This department was opened on the initiative of the Pivdenmash administration in 1977 to provide training for qualified economists in Dnipropetrovsk’s growing military industrial complex. Yulia Tymoshenko graduated with honours from the Department of Economy in 1984 and began her first job as an engineer-economist through the connections of her father-in-law, Hennadii Tymoshenko. For five years, she worked at the Lenin machine building plant, another factory which belonged to the Soviet military industrial complex. In 1979, she gave birth to her daughter Yevhenia, and until 1988 she and her husband enjoyed a typical Soviet upper-middle class life in their one-bedroom cooperative apartment. They continued to watch movies, listen to Western pop music, and occasionally visited and danced in well-known discotheque clubs in downtown Dnipropetrovsk (Popov and Milshtein 2006, 64–67; Suvorov 1991). Perestroika changed the young Tymoshenko family. Hennadii Tymoshenko recommended his son and daughter-in-law to join the co-operative movement and promised his support through the city’s KPU and Soviet administration. In 1988, the young Tymoshenkos used their old connections in the Komsomol discothèque world to open a public service enterprise, a video-rental shop in Dnipropetrovsk, with 5,000 borrowed Soviet roubles. The profits made from this first venture were used to open a chain of video rental stores. They used the experience of Komsomol apparatchiks, who brought their first VCRs in Dnipropetrovsk through Sputnik. Contacts in the discotheque movement helped provide these apparatchiks with Western video tapes and an audience which was ready to consume new Western cultural products. Former discotheque enthusiasts tested these new business practices and proposed the idea of video salons, which had already become the most popular and fashionable form of entertainment Moscow and the three Baltic republics. As a result, during perestroika both the Komsomol and ‘discotheque mafia’ provided infrastructure for these salons in Dnipropetrovsk. When in 1987the KGB opened the city of Dnipropetrovsk to foreigners, Pivdenmash imported thousands of VCRs using barter agreements with South Korean businessmen. As a regional KPU apparatchik who oversaw the distribution of movies throughout the Dnipropetrovsk region (kinoprokat), Yulia Tymoshenko’s father-in-law had access not only to these Korean VCRs but also to local movie theatres which provided the first mass audience for video films. The main base of a Tymoshenko’s ‘video enterprise’ was the location of the former central Komsomol discotheque club of Dnipropetrovsk oblast– the Student Palace in the Taras Shevchenko Park of Culture and Relaxation in downtown Dnipropetrovsk (Popov and Milshtein 2006, 52–89; Ponamarchuk 2007). In 1989, she quit her old engineer-economist job and became the head of the Terminal co-operative. The same year, another participant in the ‘discotheque mafia,’ Serhiy Tihipko, was elected as the first secretary of the Komsomol organization of Dnipropetrovsk oblast. He not only supported Tymoshenko’s enterprise, but also brought his additional discotheque and Sputnik connections into Terminal. In this way, discotheque activists and Komsomol apparatchiks contributed to the growth and popularity of Tymoshenko’s business (Tihipko). In 1991 after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and Soviet state tourism, the representatives of the Brezhnev era Komsomol elite, such as Tymoshenko demonstrated again that a skilful adjustment of this network to the new economic situation was an important foundation for success in post-Soviet business activities. The initial capital of Terminal, the music and video Komsomol enterprise which Tymoshenko had launched during ‘the discotheque era’ of late socialism, became the foundation of her business and political career in post-Soviet Ukraine. Epilogue: Dnipropetrovsk Komsomol Entrepreneurs and the Formation of Post-Soviet Oligarchs Political corruption in the post-Soviet geopolitical space is rooted in cultural consumption during the Brezhnev era, especially in the so-called ‘discotheque effect’ on society during the era of ‘mature socialism.’ During this period of late socialism in the USSR, millions of Soviet young people, loyal members of Komsomol, fell in love with the catchy sound of ‘beat music’ by the Beatles and hard rock by Deep Purple. Even ten years after dissolution of the Soviet Union, the post-Soviet space was ruled by former Soviet hard rock fans, representatives of the so-called ‘Deep Purple generation,’ new post-Soviet politicians, such as Russian Prime-Minister Dmitri Medvedev, twice Ukrainian Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko, President Petro Poroshenko and former Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili. Paradoxically, détente in the 1970s led to the influx of Western cultural products into the USSR, such as popular music and feature films. As a result, Soviet ideologists, including the Komsomol, attempted to control Soviet consumption of cultural products from the West using ‘Komsomol discothèques’ where Soviet young people could dance to ‘ideologically permitted’ Soviet and Western music. Contemporaries called these organizers ‘disco mafia’ in the industrial cities of Eastern Ukraine. By the end of perestroika in 1991, more than 100 Komsomol businesses had emerged in industrial cities in Eastern Soviet Ukraine, of which more than ninety originated in the city of Dnipropetrovsk (Zhuk 2010, 301). Only a few of the most successful enterprises survived post-Soviet competition during the 1990s and created ‘new business corporations’ such as Yulia Tymoshenko’s ‘Gas Empire,’ Kolomoyskyy’s and Tihipko’s Privatbank, Aleksandr Balashov’s ‘Trade Corporation’ and Rinat Akhmetov’s Liuks. The overwhelming majority of these post-Soviet successful businesses were organised by or directly connected to the ‘disco mafia.’ At the same time, the first Dnipropetrovsk ‘capitalists’ demonstrated a wide range of ethnic backgrounds, from the Ukrainian Tihipko, Armenian-Russian Tymoshenko, Russian Balashov and Jewish Kolomoyskyy contributing to the multi-national identity of the city of Dnipropetrovsk and Dnipro. Some contemporaries noted how the business activities of Komsomol ‘entrepreneurs’ in the 1980s contributed to regional identity in Eastern Ukraine. Many of these ‘entrepreneurs’ who were not ethnic Ukrainians became active participants in the Ukrainian independence movement in 1988–1991 to protect their regional business interests rather than defending Ukrainian culture and language. In the 1990s, former members of the Soviet ‘discotheque mafia’ and their former KPU supervisors became an integral part of the business and political life of independent Ukraine. As leaders of oligarchic clans in Ukraine they have resisted Russian expansion into their ‘spheres of influence.’ The case of Volodymyr Zelenskyy, elected in April 2019, whose entire career was generated inside the Soviet-based system of television entertainment, continues to demonstrate the connection between ‘post-Komsomol‘ business and political careers. Zelenskyy began his acting career in 95-yi Kvartal, which was a reference to a neighbourhood in Kryvyy Rih, where he had grown up and was inspired by the 1960s Soviet television show KVN. As we see, the Dnipropetrovsk and Dnipro elites, who are still rooted in their Soviet past, play a significant role in the development of independent Ukraine. References Berkhoff, Karel C., (2004). Harvest of Despair: Life and Death in Ukraine under Nazi Rule. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Bolebrukh, Anatolii G. et al., eds., (2001). Dnipropetrovsk: vikhy istorii. Dnipropetrovsk: Grani. 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Zemni shlyakhy i zoryani orbity. Shtrykhy do portreta Leonida Kuchmy. Kyiv: DrUk. Kuznetskii, Mikhail I., Stazheva, Irina V. eds. (1995). Baikonur – chudo XX veka: Vospominania vevteranov Baikonura ob akademike Mikhaile Kuzmiche Yangele. Moscow: Kosmos. Kuznetskii, Mikhail I. ed. (1997). Baikonur, Korolev, Yangel. Voronezh: Kosmos. Lazebnik, Valentina I. (2001). G. A. Efimenko ed., Oziorka nasha: Istoricheskii ocherk o Dnepropetrovskom Tsentralnom rynke. Dnipropetrovsk: Grani. Lukanov, Yuriy. (1996). Tretii president: Politychnyi portret Leonida Kuchmy. Kyiv: Taki Spravy. Markov, Karlo A. (1995). Uchastie nemetskikh voennoplennykh i internirovannykh v vosstanovlenii narodnogo khoziaistva Dnepropetrovskoi oblastiv pervye polevoennye gody. Voprosy Germanskoi istorii: Ukrainsko-nemetskie sviazi v novoe i noveishee vremia. Mezhvuzovskii sbornik nauchnykh trudov, In: Svetlana Bobyliova, ed., Dnipropetrovsk: DDU, 158–172. Mlechin, Leonid M. (2005). Brezhnev. Moscow: Molodaia gvardia. Nahaylo, Bohdan. (1999). The Ukrainian Resurgence. Toronto: Hurst. O vozrastnoi structure, urovne obrazovania, natsional’nom sostave, iazykakh i istochnikakh sredstv sushchestvovania naselenia Dnepropetrovskoi oblasti po dannym Vsessoiuznoi perepisis naselenia na 15 ianvaria 1970 goda. (1971). Dneprovskaia Pravda, June 26. Pikhovshek, Vyacheslav, et al., eds. (1996). ‘Dnipropetrovska simya’: Informatsia stanom na 25 lystopada 1996 roku. Kyiv: Ukrainian Centre for Independent Political Research. Pikhovshek, Vyacheslav et al. Eds. (1996). Dnipropetrovsk vs. Security Service. Kyiv: Lybed. Platonov, Vitalii P. and Horbulin, Volodymyr.P. (1979). Mykhaylo K. Yangel. Kyiv: Nauka. Plyushch, Leonid. (1979). History’s Carnival: A Dissident’s Autobiography. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Ponamarchuk, Dmytro. (2007). Prosto Yulia. Izvestia, September 20. Popov, Dmitrii, and Milshtein, Ilia. (2006). Oranzhevaia printsessa. Zagadka Yulii Timoshenko. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo Ol’gi Morozovoi. Romanov, Aleksandr P., Gubarev, Vladimir S. (1989). Konstruktory. Moscow: Molodaia gvardia. Siddiqi, Asif A. (2003). Sputnik and the Soviet Space Challenge. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. Elberg-Wilson, Eliot. (2016). ‘Eduard Artem’iev and the Sonics of National Identity,’ Slovo, 28, 2: 2–25. Strazheva, Irina V. (1978). Tiulpany s kosmodroma. Moscow: Molodaia gvardia. Vasiliev, I. V. et al. eds. (1977). Istoria gorodov i siol Ukrainskoi SSR v 26-ti tomakh: Dnepropetrovskaia oblast. Kyiv: Glavnaia redaktsia Ukrainskoi Sovestskoi Entsiklopedii. Vosstanovlenie Pridneprovia (1946–1950). (1980). Dokumenty i materially. Kyiv: Nauka. Wilson, Andrew. (2000). The Ukrainians: Unexpected Nation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press Zhuk, Sergei. (2004). Russia’s Lost Reformation: Peasants, Millennialism and Radical Sects in Southern Russia and Ukraine, 1830–1917. Baltimore, MD & Washington D.C: Johns Hopkins University Press and Woodrow Wilson Centre Press. Zhuk, Sergei (2010). Rock and Roll in the Rocket City: The West, Identity, and Ideology in Soviet Dniepropetrovsk, 1960–1985. Baltimore, MD & Washington D.C: Johns Hopkins University Press and Woodrow Wilson Centre Press. **Interviews**Igor T., KGB officer, 15 May 1991, Dnipropetrovsk. Karlo A. Markov, 12 April 1992, Dnipropetrovsk State University. Mikhail Suvorov, 1 June 1991, Dnipropetrovsk. Natalia V. Bocharova, 15 March 1993, Dnipropetrovsk State University. Sergiy Tihipko, director of Privatbank in Dnipropetrovsk, 12 October 1993, Dnipropetrovsk. Yevhen D. Prudchenko and Halyna V. Smolenska, 18 July 2007, Central Library of Dnipropetrovsk oblast, Dnipropetrovsk. Notes [1] I used also numerous interviews conducted with my relatives, who are ethnic Ukrainians, but live in Moscow, Russia, who still support Russian President Vladimir Putin’s anti-Ukrainian politics. [2] Sovnarkhoz is abbreviated from Russian Sovet narodnogo khoziaistva, an economic department in the Soviet government during the early Stalin era and during Khrushchev’s reforms.
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